Class J .- - .c — Book^^' LA Z^c^ (§0 ^ ^ iil # © A -y ::p 6 ^ ^=i HISTORY Macomb County, MICHIGAN, CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF ITS SETTLEMENT, GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND RESOURCES; AN EXTENSIVE AND MINUTE SKETCH OF ITS CITIES, TOWNS AND VILLAGES— THEIR IMPROVEMENTS, INDUSTRIES, MANUFACTORIES, CHUKCHES, SCHOOLS AND SOCIETIES; ITS WAR RE'ORD, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES, PORTRAITS OF PROMINENT MEN AND EARLY SETTLEHS; THE WHOLE PRECEDED BY A HISTORY OF MICHIGAN, STATISTICS OF THE STATE, AND AN ABSTRACT OF ITS LAWS AND CONSTITUTION AND OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. Illustrated. CHICAGO : M. A LEE SON k CO. 1882. WRITER'S PREFACE. The period has passed away forever when the once philosophic phrase — a thousand years scarce serve to form a State, could be used with propriety. The same may now be said of histor}'. The busy activities of oui- days, the march of progress, the wonderful advances of science and art. contribute to the realization of ideas, and crowd into a period of fifty years n gi-eater number of remarkable and important events, than fifty decades of olden times in the Eastern World could offer to the chronicler. Therefore, the compila- tion of history is not only justifiable, but also essential. It is the enduring record of years that can only through it be recalled, of men who will be honored by the American manhood of this and coming generations. This work is dedicated to the people of Macomb County. With the exception of the first part, the history of Michigan, it is distinctively local, and as such must be considered a magnificent record of a worth}- people. The work of the French and American pioneers of Macomb extends over a century. Within that period, they have raised it from its prim- itive condition to the rank of one of the first divisions of the State — cultivated its wild lands, built its villages and towns and brought into existence two importaot centers of population — Mt. Clemens and Romeo. They transmuted the marsh into fii'm earth, re- moved the forests, and decorated the river banks with happy homes and fertile fields. It is difficult to point out precisely the men who were foremost in contributing to this result: all share in the prosperity of the county, and take a special pride in its advancement; each citizen has experienced the luxury of doing good, and feels that life is not now a mere shadow of a dream. The alarms and anxieties attendant on the pioneer life have been changed to certainties and happy greetings. Those who saw the primeval forest waving over the land, lived on through the days of its destruction to see the clearings covered with the houses of merchants and manufacturers, or the fields and homes of a prosperous people. They wear the honors which justly belong to them; while those who died, ob- tained a glimpse of what they laljored for before passing away, and live in the memory of the present. The pioneers who are gone beheld the budding desires of younger days ex- pand into the flower, and. seeing, went to the undiscovered land beyond the grave, leaving their memories and their deeds to be carried down the stream of time. In these pages, an effort has been made to treat the history of the county in a full and impartial manner. Doubtless a few inacciu^acies may have crept in; but such must be attributed to other causes, rather than carelessness. In regard to the jiages devoted to personal history, a large sum of money, much labor and time have been expended on them. Even after the personal notes taken by the township historian were rewritten, and in many instances submitted, this very copy was placed on type-vsriter and mailed to the person concerned for revision. The biographies given here, together with their collection, would necessitate the steady work of one experienced man for five years. The collection of such facts as appear in the State and County histories, would entail on an inexperienced writer ten years' steady work, while the compilation of townshiji histories, as they appear f^ If WRITER'S PREFACE. -li^ here, would doubtless occupy the attention of such a writer for a year. Within a few months, this work has been begun and completed. Notwithstanding this remarkable celerity, it will be evident that little or nothing, which should have a place in its pages, has been omitted. It will also be evident throughout that the writer of the general history. as well as the gentlemen who collected tlie biograpliical notices, have realized the simple fact of undeserved praise being undisguised satire. In some instances, this realization ma-\- have led to too brief references to many meii. an account of whose lives might occupy man}' pages. The plan of this work is specially adapted to a great record book. All things per- taining in general to the State are dealt with in the State history, and form, as it were, an introduction to the county history. The latter is carried down from the first Otchipwe invasion to the present time, treating fully and impartially every subject of general in- terest to the people. So with the cities and the villages — they have been very liberally sketched: while each township has just sutficient notice given it to render its history a most valuable record for the future. We have been ably assisted in the work by the members of the county press. The written sketches of Judge James B. Eldredge. Edgar Weeks. John E. Day. Rev. H. N. Bissell, Dr. HoUistei-, were all requisitioned and yielded up a mine of historical informa- tion. The reminiscences of early settlement were selected from the writings of members of the- pioneer society, while the numerous anecdotes were written from facts obtained from the old settlers. To the coiinty officers our most sincere thanks are offered — -first, for placing their well-kept records at our disposal; second, for the material aid rendered in searching old record Isooks, and lastly, for the genial courtesy which marked their intercourse with us on all occasions. To Chauncey (1. Gady. George H. Cannon and John E. Day. members of the His- torical Committee of the Pioneer Society, we desire to extend oiu- thanks for the deep in- terest which they have taken in the work, as well as recognition of their faithful labors on the Committee of Revision and Correction. The gentlemen engaged in the biographical department of the work wereH. O. Brown, in Bruce and Washington; W. M. Bucklin. at Romeo ; E. B. Belden, in Ray; F. A. Stitt. in Sterling; Thomas Mitchell, in Harrison and Erin: WiJliam Dicer, in Shelby; Jesse Cloud, in IJtica; George T. Ma.son. at Mt. Clemens Ciiy: S. A. Stinson. in Chester- field; John E. Day, Secretary of the Pioneer Society, compiled the general and biograph- ical history of Armada and Richmond Townships; Horatio N. Richards, of Lenox, aud Calv n Davis, of Macomb. The support extended to the history was not so general as it should be: yet we feel satisfied that the quality of our subscribers compensates in a great measure for the loss iu number, by rendering our book so excellent in its biographical features. While the work deals with the county generally, it has, from a historical standpoint, been written expressly for those who supported it. The very few among the intelligent classes who did not order a book cannot now obtain a copy from us. To all we have given a history, which we be- lieve is perfect in detail, and from the patrons of the work we ask only a careful perusal of th(j various chapters before their criticism. Chicago, July, 1882. M. A. LEESON. CONTENTS HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. CHAPTER I. — The Aborigines 17 The Fii-ot Immigration 18 The Second Immigration 19 The Tartars 21 CHAPTER II — French Exploration and Settlement 22 Ihe Recent Discoveries of St. Ignace 29 La Salle's Travels 34 . Detroit 35 CHAPTER III.— The French and Indian War 38 CHAPTER IV.— National Policies— British Policy 44 .\merican Policy 44 Ordinance of 1787 45 CHAPTER v.— Military Histoby.— Pontiac's Siege of Ue 48 Expedirions of Harraar, Scott and Wilkinson 50 Expeditions of St. Clair and Wayne 53 Gen. Wayne's Great Victory ; 54 Revolutionary War 56 Hull's Surrender ^ 58 Perry's Victory 59 Closeof the War 61 TheTecumseh War 82 The Black Hawk War 66 The Toledo War 66 The Patriot War 74 The Mexican War 78 The War of 1861-(i5 78 CHAPTER VI.— PoLmcAU History 79 Administration of Gen. Cass 82 Gen. George B. Porter's Administration 89 Administration of Gov. Horner 91 State Officers 97 Political Statistics 101 CHAPTER VII —Miscellaneous.— Fur Traders and Slave Owners 103 Slavery in Michigan 103 Sale of Kegro Man Pompey 106 Public School System 106 State University ■. 107 State Normal School .". 108 Agricultural College 108 Other Colleges 109 Charitable Institutions Ill The State Public School Ill Institution for Deaf. Vnmb and Blind 112 Asylums for the Insane 113 Penal Instituticms 113 The State Prison in 1880 114 Stale Reform School.: U5 The Land Office — State Library 116 State Fisheries 118 CHAPTER VIII.— State Societies.— Pioneer Society of Michigan 118 Roll of Pioneers 119 First State Historical Society 126 State Agricultural Society 126 State Pomological Society 126 State Firemen's Association 126 State Board of Public Health 1-27 Page. CHAPTER IX.— MicuioAN A.NU Its Resocrces.- Iron and Steel Industries I:;7 The Copper Product ; 128 The Productsof a Year 128 Michigan Crops for 1881 129 The Vessel Interest 131 Growth of Forty Tears 131 Leading the Van 13 J HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. CHAPTER X.— Introduction 133 Geological Conformations 135 Supeificial Materials 136 Gas Wells l.'SS Subterranean Channels 139 Water Reservoirs 1:19 .Ancient Lake Sites 141 Mineral Waters 141 The Salt Springs of 1797 142 Mt. Clemens Magnetic Waters 142 Analysis 144 Fossils 146 Review of Physical Characteristics 145 Archaeological 146 Forts and Mounds of Macomb 148 The Second Mound — Stone Mounds 149 Forts Numbels Two and Thiee l.iO Survey by S. L. .Andrews 151 Huge Skeletons 152 Sundry Discoveries 152 Zoological— Birds 164 Mammalia IGU The Flora of the County 103 Meteorological — The Big Snows 163 The Black Days 164 Tornado of 1836— The Meteor and Comet 161 Eclipse of the Moon, 1881 166 CHAPTER XI.— The Lmmans 166 The Otchipwe Invasion 1G8 The Miamisand Pottawatomiea 170 Reign of the Cholera '71 Indian Treaties — Treaty of Greenville 171 Treaty of Detroit 172 Treaty of Brownstown — Treaty of Saginaw 173 Well-known Savages 174 The Eagle Chief 176 Okemos 179 A Legend of Cusick Lake 180 Early Traders and Interpreters 181 Distinguished Early Settlers 186 Captivity If the Boyer Family 187 The Lost Child 188 The Indians' Raid 190 Indians on the Trail of an American 190 Visit to the Indian Villoge 191 Manners and Customs 193 CHAPTER XII.— The French Pioneers 194 Detroit in 1763 197 The Pioneer Land Buyers of Macomb 199 Squatters' Claims '. 200 Indian Reservations 213 La Riviere an Vases and Maconee Reserves 213 Ml CONTENTS. Page. CHAPTER XlII— The Muuavijns— Settlement of tho Mo- ravian StlepectB 214 MoriiviuD Indians, 1781 Mo . 216 MorATian Marriages 216 Mannera, Habits and Customs 217 1 Village 217 The German ImmiKraUon of 1845 219 CHAPTER XIV— PioNltER History 219 Society ofl87I 221 Organization of the County Pioneers 221 Charter Members 224 Members Enrolled Since Organization 225 Pioneer Keminiscences— The O'Connor Family 229 The Tuckar Family 232 Christian Clemens 236 C Clemens in a British Dungeon 237 Uislinguishcd Visitant 238 Chafilisiug a Savage 238 Col. John Stockton— Thomas Ashley;. 239 Chauncey G. Oady.. 240 William A.Burt 241 The Settlemen. of the Darlings 243 Corbyn Reminiscences 244 Carter Reminiscences 246 Daniel W. Day's Reminiscences 246 Reminiscences of John D. Holland 248 Early Settlement In Shelby, by L. D. Owen 250 The Past and Present— Poem 254 CHAPTER XV.— Pioneer Reminiscences.— Pioneer Mothers -239 The First Homes of the People 260 The Keg of Gold 261 Recluse of the Marsh — \ Mother-in-law's Journey 262 Detroit to Mt. Clemens 26'4 Fortunate Hunters 263 Deer Hunting — Harrington's Coon Hunting 264 Uunce and O'Keefe — Bear Experiences 265 Dr. Gleeson and the Reptile 265 Deer Hunting Made Easy 266 Reminiscences of the Bailey Settlement 266 The Deer of Providence 268 Political Turncoat — Inwood's Bear Hunting 269 A Bear in Bruce 270 Noah Webster and the Bear 271 Finch's Wolf Hunting 271 Tragic End of a Wolf— Orderly Retreat 272 Making Sugar Among the Wolves 272 The Yellow Cat of Richmond 273 Tlie Building of the Ship "Harriet" 273 Jacob A. Crawford and the Speculator 273 Lei.'Ure Hours in Pioneer Times 275 ISuptial Feasts in Early Times 276 Evening Visits 277 Lumberii'g in Early Days ; 278 Seasons of Sickness 279 Death of Aianson Church 280 A Pioneer Lawyer 281 Chesterfield in Early Days 282 Marriage Record in Early Days 283 Marks for Cattle in Olden Times 289 Pontiacand St. Clair Mail Routes 290 Temperance and House liaising 291 A Retrospect 294 CHAPTER XVI.— Organization 295 SI. Clair Township 296 M.Hcoinb County Erfcted 296 Locating the County Seat 296 Oiiginal Townships 297 Nauje Huron Changed to Clinton 297 Clianj;*- of Boundary , 297 Organic .Nummary 298 Establishment of Townships 299 Miscelhiricous Acts 300 County Ollicera Past and Present 303 Supervisors' Board 304 CHAPTER XVII.— Political History 306 County Elections 310 CHAPTER XVIIl— Ti nals of Romeo.... Journals of Utica... Press or Macomb Countv. — Jour- 330 PAGE. Mt. Clemens 330 New BAltimore — Richmond 335 Armada^Personal Notices 336 CHAPTER XIX— Poetry or Macomb— The World's Pioneer 344 A Child's Prayer 346 A Legend of Shelby Township 347 Who Donglesthe Bell? 347 My Mother 348 The Garden of the Heart 348 April Storms- Happy To-Night 349 Tho Lonely Grave 349 On the Death of Lincoln 350 CHAPTER XX.— Progress of Education 353 Sabbath Schools of the County 355 CHAPTER XXr.— The Churches of Macomb 358 CHAPTER XXII— The War for the U.mon.— Appoint- ments and statistics 374 Record of Commissioned Officers 376 First Michigan Infantry 384 Second Michigan Infantry. 385 Third Michigan Inf* try 385 Fourth Michigan In'antry 386 Fifth Michigan Infantry 387 Sixth Michigan Infantry 392 Seventh Michigan Infantry 392 Eighth Michigan Infantry 393 Ninth Michigan Infantry 393 Tenth Michigan Infantry 394 Eleventh Michigan Infantry 395 Twelfth, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Michigan Infantry.. 396 Fifteenth and Sixteenth Michigan Infantry 397 Seventeenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Michigan In- fantry 398 Twentieth, Twenty-first and Twenty-second Michigan Infantry 399 Twenty-third, Twenty-fourth, Twent.v-flfth, Twenty- sixth and Twenty-seventh Michigan Infantry 410 Twenty-eighth, Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth Michigan Infantry 411 First Michigan Colored Infantry 412 First Michigan Engineers and Mechanics 412 First Michigan Cav.,lry 413 Second Michigan Cavalry 416 Third Michigan Cavalry 416 Fourth and Fifth Michigan Cavalry 416 Sixth, Seventh and Eighth Michigan Cavalry 420 Ninth and Tenth Michigan Cavalry 423 Eleventh Michigan Cavalry — Light Artillery 424 Soldiers and Sailors of Macomb and St. Clair 424 Conclusion 430 CHAPTER XXIII.— Olden Katebpbhes.— The City of Bel- videre 432 Belvidere Land Titles 433 Frederick or Casino— Other Villages 436 Tremble Creek 435 Railroads and Navigation 436 The Weeks Contract 43s Action of the U. S. Troops 438 Railroads 439 Clinton River 440 Harbor of Refuge, Belle River 441 CHAPTER XXIV.— Courts and Bar or Macomb.— Circuit Court 442 Retirement of Judge Morell 442 The Grand Jury and the Judge 445 Admissions to the Bar of Macomb County 445 The Present Bar 447 Imporfant Trials 448 Electioneering in 1873 448 The Hatheway Estate, Air Line Suit 449 The C.ounty Court House 450 Meeting of Romeo Citizens 461 Logic of the Conservatives 451 Laying the Corner Stone 464 Mayor Crocker's Address 465 The County Jail 460 CH.\PTER XXV. — County Finances and Statistics. — Towns and Villages, Population in 1850-60 465. - Macomb County Statistics in 18.50 4( PAGE. CHAPTER XLII.— Erin Township.— Organization 893 Tovvnship Officers S94 T.i« Mship Schojis 894 VMUi-.-s 894 l)i..g,;,|.liical Sketches 895 CHAPTER XLIII. — Chesterfield Township. — Organizatiou 901 Town Roster 901 Ciiurclies — Sch lols „ 90i Masonic— New Batimore 902 Manufacturing Industries 903 Biugrapliical Sketches 904 RECENT HAPPENINGS. Tianeactions of the Pioneer Society, 18S2 915 Earlv Banka and Bankers of Macomb County 917 WildVat Banks 920 The Bank of Dtica 920 The Farmers' Bank of Komeo 922 The Clinton Riser Bank 922 The Bank of Lake St. Clair 922 Conclusion 924 PORTRAITS. Bailey, Asahel 633 Bailey, Cynthia 633 Brownell, William 729 Cady, C. G 240 Cannon, George W 256 Cannon, Lucy M 256 Cooley, Dennis, M. D. (deceased) 497 Cro'-ker, T. M ' 569 Day, Erastua 793 Dickinson, Joshua B 633 Douglass, Isaac 617 Hazelton, H. R 371 Hendrick, F. G 585 Keeler, Mary J 809 Keeler, Nathan 809 Phillipa, G. W est Phillips, Mrs. G. W 681 Sherman, Hiram 666 Sherman, M. W 666 Smith, Elisha (deceased) 825 Smith, Mrs. Elisha 825 Steffens, i^harles 479 Sterling, A. W. (deceased) 519 Weekly, Edgar 443 ILLUSTRATION'S. Firet Schoolhouae in Romeo 629 K High School Building, Mt Clemens 551 Macomb County Court House 305 f Macomb County Jail 461 -. iA ERRATA 924 ■^ History of Michigan. CHAPTER I. THE ABORIGIMES. Scientists have ascribed to the Mound Builders varied origins, and though their divergence of opinion may, for a time, seem incompatible with a thorougli investigation of the subject, and tend to a confusion of ideas, no doubt whatever may exist as to tlie comparative accuracy of conclusions arrived at by a few of the investigators. Like the vexed questions of tlie Pillar Towers and Garden Beds, it has caused much speculation, and elicited opinions from so manj' antiquarians, ethnologists, and travelers, that little remains to be known of the prehistoric peo- ples of America. That this continent is co-existent with the world of the ancients can not be questioned. Every investigation, made under the auspices of modern civilization confirms the fact and leaves no channel open through which the skeptic can escape the thorougli refutation of his opinions. China, with its numerous living testimonials of antiquity, with its ancient, though limited, literature and its Babelish superstitions, claims a continuous history from antediluvian times ; but although its continuity may be denied with every just reason, there is nothing to prevent the transmission of a hieroglj-phic record of its history prior to ltJ56 Anno Mundi, since many traces of its early settlement survived the Deluge, and became sacred objects of the first historical epoch. This very survival of a record, such as that of which the Chinese boast, is not at variance with the designs of a God who made and ruled the universe ; but that an antediluvian people inhabited this continent, will not be claimed ; because it is not probable, though it may be possible, that a settlement in a land which may be considered a portion of the Asiatic continent, was effected by the immediate followers of tlie first progenitors of the human race. Therefore, on entering the study of the ancient people who raised these tumulus monuments over large tracts of the country, it will be just sufficient to wander back to that time when the flood-gates of heaven were swung open to hurl destruction on a wicked world ; and in doing so the inquirj^ must be based on legendary, or rather upon many circumstantial evidences ; for, so far as written narrative extends, there is nothing to show that a movement of people too far east resulted in a western settlement. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. THE FIRST IMMIGRATION. The first and most probable sources in which the origin of the Builders must be sought, are those countries lying along the eastern coast of Asia, which doubtless at that time stretched far beyond its present limits, and presented a continuous shore from Lapatka to Point Cambodia, holding a population comparatively civilized, and all professing some elementary form of Boodhisra of later days. Those peoples, like the Chinese of the present, were bound to live at home, and probably observed that law until after the confusion of languages and the dispersion of the builders of Babel, in 1757, A. M.; but subsequently, within the following century, the old Mon- golians, like the new, crossed the great ocean in the very paths taken by the present representatives of the race, arrived on the same shores, which now extend a very questionable hospitality to them, and entered at once upon the colonization of the countr}' south and east, while the Caucasian race engaged in a similar movement of exploration and colonization over what may be justly termed the western ex- tension of Asia, and both peoples growing stalwart under the change, attained a moral and physical eminence to which they never could lay claim under the tropical sun which shed its beams upon the cradle of the human race. That mysterious people who, like the Brahmins of to-day, worshipped some transitory deity, and in after years, evidently embraced the idealization of Bood- hism, as preached in Mongolia early in the thirty-fifth century of the world, together with acquiring the learning of the Confucian and Pythagorean schools of the same period, spread all over the land, and in their numerous settlements erected these raths, or mounds, and sacrificial altars whereon they received their peroidical visiting gods, surrendered their bodies to natural absorption or annihilation, and watched for the return of some transmigrated soul, the while adoring the universe, which with beings they believed would be eternally existent. They possessed religious orders corresponding, in external show at least, with the Essenes or Theraputse of the pre-Christian and Christian epochs, and to the reformed Theraputte or monks of the present. Everj' memento of their coming and their stay which has descended to us is an evidence of their civilized condition. The free copfier found within the tumuli ; the open veins of the Superior and Iron Mountain copper mines, with all the modus operandi of ancient mining, such as ladders, levers, chisels and hammer- heads, discovered by the Frencii explorers of the Northwest and Mississippi, are conclusive proofs that those prehistoric people were highly civilized, and that many flourishing colonies were spread throughout the Mississippi Valley, while yet the mammoth, the mastodon, and a hundred other animals, now only known by their gigantic fossil remains, guarded the eastern shore of the continent, as it were, against supposed invasions of the Tower Builders who went west from Babel ; while yet the beautiful isles of the Antilles formed an integral portion of this continent, long years rpr HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 19 before the European Northmen dreamed of setting forth to the discovery of Green- land and the northern isles, and certainl3'at a time when all that portion of America nortli of 45 deg. was an ice-incumbered waste. Within the last few years great advances have been made toward the dis- covery of antiquities whether pertaining to remains of organic or inorganic nature. Together with many small but telling relics of the early inhabitants of the country, the fossils of prehistoric animals have been unearthed from end to end of the land, and in districts, too, long pronounced b)' geologists of some repute to be without even a vestige of vertebrate fossils. Among the collected souvenirs of an age about which so very little is known, are twenty-five vertebrte averaging thir- teen inclies in diameter, and three vertabrse, ossified together measuring nine cubical feet ; a thigh-bone five feet long by twent3'-eight in diameter, and the shaft fourteen by eight inches thick, the entire lot weighing 600 pounds. These fossils are presumed to belong to the cretaceous period when the Dino- saur roamed over the country from east to west, desolating the villages of the people. This animal is said to be sixty feet long, and when feeding in cypress and palm forests, to extend himself eighty-five feet, so that lie may devour the bud- ding tops of those great trees. Other efforts in this direction may lead to great results, and culminate probably in the discovery of a tablet engraven by some learned Mound Builder, describing, in the ancient hieroglyphics of China, all those men and beasts whose history excites so much speculation. The identity of the Mound Builders with the Mongolians might lead us to hope for such a consum- mation ; nor is it beyond the range of probability, particularly in this practical age, to find the future of some industrious antiquarian requited by the upheaval of a tablet written in the Tartar characters of 1700 years ago, bearing on a subject which can now be treated only on a purely circumstantial basis. THE SECOND IMMIGRATION may have begun a few centuries prior to the Christian era, and unlike the former expedition or expedtions, to have traversed northeastern Asia, to its Arctic confines, and then east to the narrow channel now known as Behring's Straits, which they crossed, and sailing up the unchanging Yukon, settled under the shadow of Mount St. Elias for many years, and pushing south commingled with their countrymen, soon acquiring the characteristics of the descendants of the first colonists. Chinese chronicles tell of such a people, who went north, and were never heard of more. Circumstances conspire to render that particular colony the carrier of a new religious faith and of an alphabetic system of representative character to the old colonists, and they, doubtless, exercised a most beneficial influence in other respects ; because tlie influx of immigrants of such culture as were the Chinese, even of that remote period, must necessarily bear very favorable results, not only in bringing in reports rfv- -f-— 4 A 20 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. of their travels, but also accounts from the fatherland bearing on the latest events. With the idea of a second and important exodus there are many theorists united, one of whom says : " It is now tlie generally received opinion that the first inhabi- tants of America passed over from Asia through these straits." The Esquimaux of North America, tlie Samoieds of Asia, and the Laplanders of Europe, are supposed to be of the same family ; and this supposition is strength- ened by the affinity which exists in their languages. The researches of Humboldt have traced the Mexicans to the vicinity of Behring's Straits ; whence it is con- jectured, that they, as well as the Peruvians and other tribes, came originally from Asia, and were the Hurignoos, who are, in the Chinese annals, said to have emigrated under Puno, and to have been lost in the north of Siberia." Since this theory is accepted by most antiquarians, there is every reason to be- lieve that from the discovery of what may be called an overland route to what was then considered an eastern extension of that country which is now known as tlie " Celestial Empire," many caravans of emigrants passed to their new homes in the land of illimitable possibilities until the way became a well-marked trail over which tlie Asiatic might travel forward, and having once entered the Elysian fields never entertained an idea of returning. Thus from generation to generation tlie tide of immigration poured in until the slopes of the Pacific and the banks of the great in- land rivers became hives of busy industry. Magnificent cities and monuments were raised at the bidding of the tribal leaders, and populous settlements centered with liappy villages, sprung up everywhere in manifestation of the power and wealth and knowledge of the people. The colonizing Caucasian of the historic period walked over tliis great country on the very ruins of a civilization which a thousand 3'ears before eclipsed all that of whicli he could boast. He walked through the wilderness of the West over buried treasures hidden under the accumulated growth of nature, nor rested until he saw, with great surprise, the remains of ancient pyra- mids and temples and cities, larger and evidently more beautiful than ancient Egypt could bring forth after its long years of uninterrupted history. The pyramids re- semble those of Egypt in exterior form, and in some instances are of larger dimen- sions. The pyramid of Cholula is square, having each side of its base 1,335 feet in length, and its height about 172 feet. Another pyramid, situated in the north of Vera Cruz, is formed of large blocks of highly polished porphyry, and bears upon its front hieroglyphic inscriptions and curious sculpture. Each side of its square base is eighty-two feet in length, and a flight of fifty-seven ste23s conducts to its summit, which is sixty-five feet in height. The ruins of Palenque are said to extend twenty miles along the ridge of a mountain, and the remains of an Aztec city near the banks of the river Gila, are spread over more than a square league. Their literature — IS HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. consisted of hieroglyph ics ; but their arithmetical knowledge did not extend further than their calculations by the aid of grains of corn. Yet, notwithstanding all their varied accomplishments, and they were evidently many, their notions of religious duty led to a most demoniac zeal, at once barbarously savage and ferociously cruel. Each visiting god, instead of bringing new life to the people, brought death to tliou- sands ; and their grotesque idols, exposed to drown the senses of the beholders in fear, wrought wretchedness rather than spiritual happiness, until, as some learned and humane Mouteziimian said, the people never approached these idols without fear, and this fear was the great animating principle, the great religious motive power which sustained the terrible religion. Their altars were sprinkled with blood drawn from their own bodies in large quantities, and on them thousands of human victims were sacrificed in honor of the demons whom they worshipped. The head and heart of every captive taken in war were offered up as a bloody sacrifice to the god of battles, while the victorious legions feasted on the remaining portions of the dead bodies. It has been ascertained that, during the ceremonies attendant on the con- secration of two of their temples, tlie number of prisoners offered up in sacrifice was 12,210 ; while their own legions contributed voluntary victims to the terrible belief in large numbers. Nor did this honible custom cease immediately after 1521, when Cortez entered the imperial city of the Montezumas; for, on being driven from it, all his troops wlio fell into tiie hands of the native soldiers were subjected to the most terrible and prolonged suffering that could be experienced in this world, and when about to yield up that spirit wliich is indestructible, were offered in sacrifice, their hearts and heads consecrated, and the victors allowed to feast on the yet warm flesh. A reference is made here to the period when the Montezumas ruled over Mex- ico, simply to gain a better idea of the hideous idolatry which took the place "of the old Boodhism of the Mound Builders, and doubtless helped in a great measure to give victory to the new-comers, even as the tenets of Mahommetanism urged the ignorant follo^wers of the prophet to the conquest of great nations. It was not the faith of the people who built the mounds and the pyramids and the temples, and who, two hundred years before the Christian era, built tlie great wall of jealous China. No; rather was it that terrible faith born of the Tartar victory, which carried the great defences of China at the point of the javelin and hatchet, who afterwards marched to the very walls of Rome, under Alaric, and spread over the islands of Polynesia to the Pacific slopes of South America. THE TARTARS came there, and, like the pure Mongols of Mexico and the Mississippi valley, rose to a state of civilization bordering on that attained by them. Here for centuries the sons of the fierce Tartar race continued to dwell in comparative peace, until the HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. all-ruling empire took in the whole country from the Pacific to the Atlantic, and peopled the v.ist territory watered by the Amazon, with a race that was destined to conquer all the peoples of the Orient, and only to fall before the march of the arch-civilizing Caucasian. In course of time these fierce Tartars pushed their set- tlements northward, and ultimately entered the territories of the Mound Builders, putting to death all who fell within their reach, and causing the survivors of the death-dealing invasion to seek a refuge from the hordes of this semi-barbarous people in the wilds and fastnesses of the North and Northwest. The beautiful country of the Mound Builders was now in the hands of savage invaders, the quiet, industrious people, who raised the temples and pyramids were gone ; and the wealth of intelligence and industry accumulating for ages, passed into the possession of a rapacious horde, who could admire it only so far as it offered objects for plunder. Even in this the invaders were satisfied, and then, having arrived at the height of their ambition, rested on their swords and entered upon the luxury and ease, in the enjoyment of which they were found when the vanguard of European civiliza- tion appeared upon the scene. Meantime the southern countries which these adventurers abandoned after having completed their conquests in the North, were soon peopled by hundreds of people, always moving from island to island and ulti- mately halting amid the ruins of villages deserted by those who, as legends tell, had passed eastward but never returned; and it would scarcely be a matter for sur- prise if those emigrants were found to be the progenitors of that race found by the Spaniards in 1532, and identical with the Araucanians, Cuenches and Huiltiches of to-day. CHAPTER II. FRENCH EXPLORATION AND SETTLEMENT. The fame of Marquette continues to gain strength as days advance. Notwith- standing all his countrymen had written of him, the new Americans continue to iiKjuire into his magnificent career, and to add to the store of information regarding liim, already garnered. Rev. Geo. Duffield, of Detroit, is one of his latest biogra- phers, and from his writings on the life of the missionary, we make the following extracts : Jacques Marquette came late to his fame. Open Davenport's Dictionary of Biography, 1831, " comprising the most eminent characters of all ages, nations and professions," and you will not find even so much as his name. Turn for that name rtf- HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. to the Cyclopedia of Biography by Parke Godwin, with a supplement by George Sheppard, A. D. 1872, and you will not find it there, and so with many similar works. Hence we see the need of such an historical society as the present, that one of the greatest and best of the original founders of Michigan may receive his due credit, and be honored with an appropriate memorial. Marquette was born of an honorable family at Laon, in the north of France, in the year 1637, but the month and day of his birth are not easily found, and I have nowhere seen his portrait. In 1654 he joined the Society of the Jesuits, and in 1666 was sent to the missions in Canada. After the river St. Lawrence and the great lakes had been mapped out, the all-absorbing object of interest with Governor Frontenac Talch, the inteudant, and Marquette himself, was to discover and trace from the north the wonderful Mississippi, that DeSoto, the Spaniard, had first seen at the south in 1541. In 1668 (according to Bancroft, III, 152), he repaired to the Chip- pewas at the Sault to establish the mission of St. Mary, the oldest settlement begun by Europeans within the present limits of the commonwealth of Michigan. On the day of the immaculate conception of the Holy Virgin, in 1673, he received his orders from Frontenac, to accompany Joliet on his long-desired journey. Taking probably the short trail through the woods he found his companion at Point St. Ignace, where, after many remarkable vicissitudes, both in life and death, he was at length to find his grave, where his numerous friends and admirers, both French and Indian, were for so long a time to lose sight of it again, and where a second time he gains his place as one of the founders of Michigan. Apart from his peculiar mission, which was looked upon by " the Protestant colonies " of New England with anything but favorable eyes ; apart from his pecu- liar dogma of the conception, which has only been officially sanctioned in our day and by the late Pope, there were many things in the life and times of Mar- quette that, to the lover of biography, make his character as attractive as that of Francis Xavier, " the great apostle of the Indies," or of his still greater master, Ignatius Loyola. The man in these days who can not admire, and even to a certain extent venerate man as man, apart from his more immediate antecedents or local surroundings, has but a very limited and mistaken idea of the enlightened spirit of the age, or the true dignity of human natui'e. Honor to whom honor is due, is not only a sound maxim, founded on that equity which is the highest form of justice, but is also in just so many words one of the very first principles of Cliristianity itself. When I can not give a man credit for -what he really is, because he belongs to another party than my own, or give him credit for what he has done, because he belongs to another denomination than my own, I deserve to be consigned for the remainder of my days to a hole in the woods. The pioneers of our country, no doubt, have had a very hard time of it, and liL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. none more so than ray Scotch-Irish ancestors in central Pennsylvania. From the childhood of Daniel Webster down to the present hour, it would argue a very igno- rant mind and most unfeeling and ungrateful heart to read the toils and trials and privations endured by men and women in the early settlement of this or any other State ; but after all what are the hardships of the early settlers compared with those of Allouez, in 1665, afloat in a frail canoe on the broad expanse of Lake Superior, of Dablon, Marquette, LaSalle, and others of the original explorers ? " Defying tlie severity of climate," as Bancroft lias it, " wading through water or through snows, without the comfort of fire ; having no bread but pounded corn, and often no food but the unwholesome moss from the rocks; laboring inces- santly, exposed to live, as it were, without nourishment, to sleep without a resting place ; to travel far, and always incurring perils ; to carry their lives in their hands ; or rather daily and oftener than every day, to hold them up as targets, expecting captivity, death from the tomahawk, tortures, fires" — (Bancroft, III., 152.) It seems to me that if there are any two classes of men who should be most cordially linked in closest bonds of sympathy with one another, it is the pioneers and explorers. Marquette was much more than a religious enthusiast. He was a scholar and a man of science. Having learned within a few years to speak with ease in six different languages, his talents as a linguist were quite remarkable. A subtle element of romance pervaded his character, which not only makes it exceedingly attractive to us in the retrospect, but was no doubt one of tlie great sources and elements of his power and success among his beloved Ottawas and Hurons, and others of the great Algonquin tribes, who were found in the immediate vicinity of the straits of Michilimaekinac. With a fine eye for natural beauty, he was as much delighted with a rapid river, or extended lake, vpith an old forest or rolling prairie, or a lofty mountain as a Birch, or a Cole, or a Bierstadt. Every one who touches his character seems emulous of adorning it with a new epithet. Parkman speaks of him as "the humble Marquette, who with clasped iiandsand up-turned eyes, seems a figure evoked from some dim legend of mediaeval saintship." Bancroft calls him " the meek, gentle, single-hearted, unpretending, illustrious Marquette." — Vol. III., p. 157. Many call him " the venerated;" all unite in calling him "the g(i(i(l Marquette," and by this last, most simple, but appropriate title he will be the best remembered by the generations yet to come. " A man who was delighted at the happy necessity of exposing his life to bring the word of God" witliin reach of half a continent deserves that title if any one does. His Catholic eulogist, John Gilnian Shea, (Catliolic World, November, 1877, p. 267,) writes with pardon- able pride : " No missionary of that glorious band of Jesuits who in the seventeenth century announced the faith from the Hudson Bay to the lower Mississippi, who ■f^ AH HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. hallowed by their labors and life-blood so many a wild spot now occupied by the busy hives of men, none of them impresses us more in his whole life and career with his piety, sanctity and absolute devotion to God, than Father Marquette. In life he seems to have been looked up to with reverence by the wildest savage, by the rude frontiersman, and by the polished officers of government. When he had passed away, his name and his fame, so marked in the great West, was treasured above that of his fellow-laborers, Menard, Allouez, Nouvel or Druillettes." May I not add that, most of all other States, his name and his fame should be dear to Michigan ? Such, then, was the man who on the 17th of May, 1673, with the simple outfit of two bircli canoes, a supply of smoked meat and Indian corn, and a crew of five men, embarked on what was then known as Lac Des Illinois, now Lake Michigan. June 10th they came to the portage, in Wisconsin, (III., 158,) and after carrying their canoes some two miles over marsii and prairie, " he committed himself to the current that was to bear them he knew not whitlier — perhaps to the Gulf of Mex- ico, perhaps to the South Sea, or the Gulf of California." June 17, 1673, where now stands Prairie Du Ghien, he had found what he sought, "and with a joy that I can not express we steered forth our canoes on the Mississippi, or great river." We know that the honor of this discovery is very stoutly contested in favor of LaSalle, but for the present we confidently hold with Parkman (Discovery of the Great West, p. 25): " LaSalle discovered the Ohio, and in all probabilit}'' the Illinois also ; but that he discovered the Mississippi has not been proved, nor in the light of the evidence we have, is it likely." In 1816 W. J. A. Bradford, in his notes on the Nortli west, says very dogmatically: "Father Hennepin must undoubtedly be considered the discoverer of the Mississippi;" but if the proof of it is only to be establislied by Hennepin's own narrative, which Parkman describes as a rare mon- ument of brazen mendacity, the proof is still wanting. His famous voyage from the Illinois to the Gulf of Mexico must be considered not only as a falsehood, but a plagiarism. Fortunately for the fame of Marquette, the true record of his labors was not left to doubtful tradition and the hearsay testimony of Charlevoix. Among the papera some twenty-five years since in the archives of the College of Quebec are accounts of the last labors and death of Father Marquette, and of the removal of his remains, prepared for publication by Father Dablon ; Marquette's journal of his great expedition, tlie very map he drew, and a letter left unfinished at the time of his death. So at least says Mr. Shea, and that these documents are tn be found in his work on the discovery and exploration of the Mississippi Valley. Leaving, then, the doubtful narrative of Charlevoix and the romantic page of Bancroft founded upon it, we learn the real story of his death. October 25, -^|>. Ll^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 1674, he again left St. Ignace to fulfill a promise to the Kaskaskias in Illinois. December 4th he reached Cliicago, hoping to ascend the river, and by a portage reach the Illinois: but the ice had closed the stream and it was too late. A winter march, facing the cutting wind of the prairie was beyond his strength. His two faithful companions erected a log hut home and chapel — the first dwelling and the first church of the first white settlement of the city — known for its great misfortune the world over, the city of Chicago. With the opening of Spring the good father again set out, and his last letter notes his progress till the 6th of April, 1675. " Just after Easter he was again stricken by disease (dysentery), and he saw that if he would die in the arms of his brethren " at St. Ignace, he must depart at once. Escorted by the Kaskaskias, who were deeply impressed by his zeal, he reached Lake Michigan, gave orders to his faithful men to launch his canoe, and commenced his adventurous voyage along that still unknown and dangerous shore. His strength, however, failed so much that his men despaired of being able to convey him alive to their journey's end; for in fact he became so weak and so exhausted that he could no longer help him- self, nor even stir, and had to be handled and carried like a child. He nevertheless in this state maintained an admirable resignation, joy and gentleness, consoling his beloved companions, and encouraging them to suffer courageously all the hardships of this voyage." " On the eve of his death, which was on Friday, he told them, all radiant with joy, that it would take place on the morrow, and spoke so calmly and collectedly of his death and burial that you would have thought it was another's and not his own. Thus did he speak to them as they sailed along the lake, till perceiving the mouth of a river, with an eminence on the bank which he thought suited to his burial, he told them that it was the place of his last repose. They wished, how- ever, to pass on, as the weather permitted it and the day was not far advanced ; but God raised a contrary wind, which obliged them to return and enter the river which the father had designated. They then carried him ashore, kindled a little fire and raised a bark cabin for his use, laying him in it with as little discomfort as they could ; but they were so depressed by sadness that, as they afterward said, they did not know what they were doing." Many a time and oft, in my favorite summer home at Mackinac, have I had this whole scene pass before me as in a day-dream from Point Lookout, until last Sum- mer it took the form of accordant I'hyme : Where the gently flowing river merges with the stormy lake. Where upon the beach so barren ceaseless billows roll and break. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. There the barque so frail and gallant, known throughout the western world, Glides into the long-sought haven and its weary wings are furled. Here, says one, I end my voyage and my sun goes down at noon ; Here I make the final traverse, and the part comes not too soon; Let God have " the greater glory," care have I for naught beside, But to bear the blest evangel, Jesus Christ, the crucified. II. Slow and faint into the forest, straight he takes his quiet way. Kneels upon the virgin mosses, prays as he is wont to pray ; Nunc dimiitis — then they hear him sweetly sing as ne'er before; Then the angels join in chorus, and Marquette is now no more. This the prayer he leaves behind him, as is said his latest mass^ "One day bear me to my mission, at the Pointe of St. Ignace." Entered into rest from labor, where all toils and tempests cease, Every sail outspread and swelling, so he finds the port of peace. III. Once again that spot so sacred hears the sound of human feet, And the gently flowing river sees a strange funereal fleet ; 'Tis the plumed and painted warriors, of their different tribes the best. Who have met in solemn council to fulfill his last request. Down their cheeks the tears are flowing, for the sainted man of God; Not the bones of dearest kindred dear as those beneath that sod, Reverently the grave they open, call the dear remains their own — Sink them in the running water, cleanse and whiten every bone. Place them gently in the mocock, wrought with woman's choicest skill. From the birch the very whitest, and the deepest colored quill ; In the war canoe the largest, to his consecrated tomb. Like a chief who falls in battle, silently they bear him home. IV. Gathers still the sad procession, as the fleet comes slowly nigh. Where the cross above the chapel stands against the northern sky ; Every tribe and every hamlet, from the nooks along the shore, Swell the company of mourners, who shall see his face no more. Forth then thro' the deepening twilight sounds the service high and clear. And the dark-stoled priests with tapers guide and guard the rustic bier ; In the center of the chapel, close by little Huron's wave. Near the tall and stately cedars, Pere Marquette has found his grave. VI. Still I hear the Miserere sounding loud within my soul. Still I hear the De Profundis, with its solemn cadence roll — " For the blood of thy red brother, who shall answer in that day." When before the throne of judgment earth and heaven shall pass away. 'L 28 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. When these lines were written I had not seen the narrative of Fatliev Dablon, but a further extract from it will show that there was very little poetic license in them as to the leading facts. " God did not permit so precious a deposit to remain unhonored and forgotten amid the forests. The Indians called Kiskakons, who have for nearly ten years publicly professed Christianity, in which they were first instructed by Father Mar- quette, when stationed at La Pointe du St. Esprit, at the extremity of Lake Supe- rior, were hunting last year, not far from Lake Illinois {i. e. Michigan), and as they were returning early in the Spring they resolved to pass the tomb of their good father, whom they tenderly loved, and God even gave them the thought of taking his bones and conveying them to our church at the mission of St. Ignatius. " They accordingly repaired to the spot and deliberated together, resolving to act with their father, as they usually do with those whom they respect. They opened the grave, unrolled the body, and though the flesh and intestines were all dried up, they found it entire, without the skin being injured. This did not pre- vent their dissecting it according to custom. They washed the bones and dried them in the sun ; then ^Jutting them neatly in a box of birch bark, they set out to bear them to our house at St. Ignatius. " The convoy consisted of nearly thirty canoes in excellent order, including even a good number of the Iroquois " (a very I'erocious tribe, who were a great terror to other tribes and especially hostile to the Jesuits), "who had joined our Algonquins to honor the ceremony. As they approached our house Father Nouvel, who is superior, went to meet them with Father Pierson, accompanied by all the French and Indians of the place ; and having caused the convoy to stop, he made the ordinary interrogations to verify the fact that the body which they bore was reall}^ Father Marquette. Then before they landed he intoned the De Profundis in sight of the thirty canoes still on the water, and of all the people still on the shore. After this the body was carried to the church, observing all that the ritual prescribes for such ceremonies. It remained exposed under his catafalque all that day, which was Whitsun Monday, the 8th of June, and the next day, when all the funeral honors had been paid to it, it was deposited in a little vault in the middle of the i-Jmrah, where he reposes as the guardian angel of our Ottawa missions." So far the invaluable record of Dablon. We come now to 1706, when for well- known reasons, for which we can not pause, the Jesuits at St. Ignace broke up their mission, set fire to their house and chapel and returned to Quebec. What became of the bones of Marquette ? Did thej' carry them with them to Quebec? No ; they left in haste, and fled almost as for their lives. "There is nothing in Canadian registers, which are extensive, full and well preserved." "Charlevoix, who was at Quebec on the return of the missionaries, is silent." There is little \^(S r- -Tf bIV " Ll^^ HISTORY OF JIICHIGAN. doubt, therefore, th.it the precious remains of the great explorer still lay in the chapel. But the very site of the chapel was soon lost. The new chapel, still standing, was confessedly not on the site of the old one. Could the old site ever be identi- fied? It seemed very doubtful indeed. True, there were a few local and legen- dary traditions to whicli reference was made some years since in his correspondence by the Hon. E. G. D. Holden, our present Secretary of State. An Indian now living in St. Ignace told me early last Summer that "his father told him, and that his fatlier told him," and pointed out to him the place on the shore of the bay where a black cross used to stand, which was understood to "point out the direction" of the good father's grave, and where the voyagers would invoke his blessing. I also have it in writing from a very intelligent Indian, that last Sum- mer he called on an aged Indian woman in Petoskey, claiming to be in her lOOtli year. "I asked her if she had heard, when a girl, anything concerning the Kitchi- ma-ka-da-na-co-na-yay, or "great priest." She said, "Yes. He died at the mouth of the river, and his body was carried to Min-is-sing,"i. e. to St. Ignace. These are but specimens of many similar traditions ; but would there ever be anything more than tradition ? Early in July I heard in Detroit for the first time, from Col. Stockbridge, who has a large lumber interest in St. Ignace ; that when he left tliere was a report that the site of tlie old chapel had been discovered. If so, thought I, then we have found Pere Marquette's grave at last — for the one statement in which all seem to agree is that he was buried in the middle of the chapel. On my arrival in Mackinac I lost but little time before starting for St. Ignace. Though only four miles off we tacked a dozen times and took four hours, and worked hard at that. On reaching Mr. Murray's house, where the supposed discovery had been made, I found precisely what had been described a few days before by a correspon- dent of the Evening News. THE RECENT DTSCGVERIES AT ST. IGNACE. SHALL WE, OR SHALL WE NOT, KECOVEB THE BONES OF MARQUETTE? Correspondence of the Evening News. Mackinac, July 12, 1877. The readers of the Evening News will recollect the recently reported discovery at St. Ignace of the site of the mission chapel founded by Father Marquette in 1670, and under the pavement of which his bones were subsequently deposited. The account created considerable sensation among antiquaries. Being in Mackinac, within four miles of St. Ignatius, I improved the opportunity to cross over and see for myself what the discoveries amounted to. The little steamer Truscott crosses ^^^ 30 HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. each afternoon ; fare fiftj cents. A few steps from tlie landing we turn into a potato patch, just beyond which the boy who pilots us suddenly announces, "Here's the place." At first glance nothing can be observed more than might be noticed on any vacant lot in Detroit. A closer examination, however, reveals a very slight trench about a foot and a half wide, forming a rectangle 35 by 45 feet and located very nearly, if not exactly, with the points of the compass, the longer measurement being in the direction of east and west. At places in this trench rough stones lay embedded in the earth. At the soutiiern side of the space, about nine feet from the western side, is a hole say three feet deep and eight or ten square, and in the southeast corner another smaller hole. Until the present Spring the site has been covered with a growth of young spruce, the clearing off of which led to the sup- posed discovery. The larger hole is assumed to have been a cellar under the church in which the valuables are kept ; the smaller hole is thought to mark the position of the baptismal font, though why an excavation should be made for it is more than I can conjecture. A few feet west of the rectangle described above are two heaps of stone and earth, evidently the debris of two ruined chimneys. The outlines of the houses to which the chimneys belonged can also be faintly traced. Mr. Murray, the owner of the ground, is a well-to-do Catholic Irishman, own- ing as he does 600 acres of land on the Point. He has lived on the place for twenty years past, and before that lived on Mackinac Island. He is inclined to be super- stitious and to magnify the mystery to which he believes he holds the key. As illustrative of this he remarked in my presence that when he was about to build a cow-house some time ago, his sons wished it located on what he now believes to be the site of the ancient church, but the protecting influences of that sacred spot strangely impelled him to adopt a different location. He is confident that by dig- ging below the surface at the center of the church, the " mocock " of bones would be discovered, but thus far owing to a difference between himself and the parish priest, not a spadeful of earth has been turned. The priest believes the location to be the correct one, and is anxious to excavate, but Mr. Murray refuses to permit it without a pledge that whatever is found shall not be carried away from the Point. He offers to give ground for the erection of a church or a monument on the spot, but insists that the sacred relics, if found, must be left where they have for two centuries rested. The bishop is expected at St. Ignace shortly, when the question will be laid before him for adjustment. Now as to the probability of the discovery being confirmed by others yet to be made, I must confess to being less sanguine than Mr. Murray and his neighbors. It is certain that the two ruined chimneys alluded to indicate the location of dwellings at some period in the past. Bits of iron, copper and looking-glass found in the debris attest this ; but whether the buildings stood fifty years ago or 200 no one can posi- -"^ ll^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. tively assert. Mr. Mui-ray has known the spot for a quarter of a century, and can vouch for no change having occurred in that time. I think it likely that they are of a much older date. In regard to the assumed church site I think the proba- bilities favor the existence there at one time of a building of some sort. Whether it occupied the limits assumed — 45 by 35 feet — is less certain, while the existence of the cellar would seem to indicate that it was a dwelling rather than a church. On the other hand, it is certain that the mission was founded in tliis immediate vicinity, and the Murray farm, as fronting on the most protected part of the bay, and affording the best landing for boats, is certainly as likely a spot for Marquette to have adopted as any. But nothing can be told with any certainty till thorough investigation is made. The tradition is that the mission was founded in 1670, that Marquette subse- quently visited Wisconsin and Illinois, establishing mission stations as far up the lake as Chicago ; that upon his return via the eastern shore of Lake Michigan he died at the mouth of the Pere Marquette river, wiiere Ludington now stands, and was buried there. A few years later his bones were taken up, cleaned and packed in a mocock, or box made of birch bark, and were conveyed with due solemnity back to St. Ignace, where they were permanently deposited beneath the middle of the church. At a still later period Indian wars broke up the mission, and to protect the church from sacrilege the missionaries burned it to the ground. I also found in tiie possession of the present priest of St. Ignace, Father Jaoka (pronounced Yocca), a pen and ink sketch, on which I looked with most intense interest. This invaluable drawing gives the original site of the French village, the " home of the Jesuits," the Indian village, the Indian fort on the bluff, and, most important of all, very accurately defines the contour of a little bay known as Na- dowa— Wikweiamashong — i. e., as Mr. Jacker gave it, Nadowa Huron. Wik-weia — Here is a bay. Anglice — " Little bay of tlie Hurons ;" or according to the Ot- chepwa dictionary of Bp. Barraga, " Bad bay of the Iroquois squaw." Of the Indian village thei-e is no trace. Their wigwams, built only of poles and bark, have not left a single vestige. Not so with the French village. You may still see the remains of their logs and plaster, and the ruins of their chimneys. On the sup- posed site of the house of the Jesuits, some 40 by 30 feet, are found distinct out- lines of walls, a little well, and a small cellar. Immediately in the rear of the larger building are the remains of a forge, where "the brothers" used to make spades or swords, as the occasion might require. On further inquiry of the priest, who was equally remarkable for his candor and intelligence, and the length of his beai'd, I found that the sketch of the house of the Jesuits was taken by him from the travels of LaHenton, originally published in France, but translated and republished in England A. D. 1772. Only a few days T^ 32 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. after I saw a copy of this very same book in the hands of Judge C. I. Walker, of Detroit, and was thus enabled, to my very great satisfaction, to verify the sketch as shown to me by Father Jaoka or Jacker (Yocca). LaHenton says : " The place which I am now in is not above half a league dis- tant from the Illinois lake. Here the Hiirons and Ontawas have each of 'em (sic) a village, the one being severed from the other by a single palisade. But the On- tawas are beginning to build a fort upon a hill that stands but 1,000 or 1,200 paces off. * * In this place the Jesuits have a little house or college, adjoining to a sort of chapel and enclosed with pale, which separates it from the .village of the Hurons. " The Cuereur du Paris also a very small settlement." — La Henton, vol. I., p. 88. From that moment I entertained the most sanguine hope tliat the long lost grave of the good Marquette would .again be found. Greatly did I regret that I could not remain a few days -longer, when the exploration would be made in the presence of the excellent Bishop Mrak, and learn what would be the result. I saw nothing whatever in the well-known cliaracter of tlie bishop, or of the worthy pas- tor of St. Ignace to justify even for a moment the least suspicion of anything like "pious fraud." Monday, Septembers, 1877, Bishop Mrak dug out the first spadeful of ground. For a time, however, the search was discouraging. " Nothing was found tluit would indicate the former existence of a tomb, vaulted or otherwise," and tiie bishop went away. After a while a small piece of birch bark came to light, followed by numerous other fragments scorched by fire. Finally a larger and well preserved piece appeared which once evidently formed part of tlie bottom of an Indian-wig-wap-makak- birch-bark-box or mocock. Evidently the box had been double, such as the Indians sometimes use for greater durability in interments, and had been placed on three or four wooden sills. It was also evident that the box had not been placed on the floor but sunk in the ground, and perhaps covered with a layer of mortar. But it was equally evident that this humble tomb had been disturbed, and the box broken into, and parts of it torn out, after the material had been made brittle by the action of fire. Tills would explain the absence of its former contents, which," says Mr. Jacker, " what else could we think — were nothing less than Father Marquette's bones! But what had become of them? Further search brought to light two frag- ments of bone — then thirty-six more — finally a small fragment, apparently of the skull — then similar fragments of the ribs, the hand and the thigh bone. From these circumstances then we deduce the following conclusions: 1. That of M. Pommier, the French surgeon, that these fragments of bones are undoubtedly human, and bear the marks of fire. 2. That everything goes to show " the haste of profane robbery." HISTOKY OF JIICHIGAN. 3. That this robbery was by Indian medicine men, who coveted his bones, according to their belief, as a powerful medicine. 4. That it must have taken place within a few years after the departure of the Jesuits, otherwise when the mission was renewed (about 1708), the remains would most certainly have been transferred to the new church in old Mackinac. 5. That Charlevoix, at his sojourn there in 1721, could hardly have failed to be taken to see the new tomb, and to mention the fact of its transfer in his journal, or history. 6. That if we have failed to find all the remains of the great explorer, we have at least found some, and ascertained the fact of his having been interred on that particular spot. 7. That the records answer all the circumstances'-of the discovery, and that the finding of these few fragments, if not as satisfactory to our wishes, is at least as good evidence for the fact in question as if we had found every bone that is in the human body. Such are the leading points in Father Jacker's elaborate narrative, as published in the CathoUe World, November, 1877, in connection with the article entitled " Romance and Reality of the Death of Father James Marquette, and the recent discovery of his remains," by John G. Shea, for which papers I am indebted to the kind courtesy of Mr. Daniel E. Hudson, C. S. C, Notre Dame, Indiana, to whom I return most cordial thanks. While in some respects the results are not quite so satisfactory as might have been desired, yet the determination of the site of the old house of the Jesuits, the discovery of the tomb, the recovery in part of the mocock coffin, and above all, the finding of some of the bones of Marquette, are all of intense interest to every lover of earlj- Michigan history. Marquette, the great explorer — the oldest founder of Michigan, whose grave was found within her borders, and to whom belongs immortal honor, being the dis- coverer of the upper Mississippi and first navigator of the great river. The scat- tering of Jiis bones, I am tvell persuaded, is only a symbol of the wider extension of his fame. Already his name is attached to a railroad, a river, a citj^, a diocese in Michigan ; but that is not enough. Some forty years ago it was foretold by Ban croft " that the people of the West will build his monument," and now the time has fully come when that prophecy will be fulfilled. Lest you might think that I say this merely out of state pride, or as a lover of antiquarian history, I will only add in conclusion that I say it out of a much higher motive, and with reference to a much higher object. In reading the life of Francis Xavier when a boy, I learned that there were some lessons for Christian laborers from the lives of the early Jesuits, that neither I nor any other man could afford to overlook. Granting that 3 t^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. too often they sought to help what they deemed a righteous cause by what they knew to be unrighteous means, and so teach us what we should avoid, there are other lessons that we would do well to imitate. The spirit of union, which was to them so great a source of power, the cheerfulness with which they suffered for the cause that they had espoused ; the unlooked-for combinations of chai-acter in the same individuals, and above all the magnetism of personal importance and power by hav- ing a definite aim — such for example as we find in the good Marquette — belonging to any one church or order of that church, but to man as man, and to the world at large ! There is only one regret that I should liave in the erecting of such a mon- ument, and that is lest it should be built by our Catholic friends alone. Will they not permit us all to join — Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, and the whole Northwest — and do honor to the greaj explorer in a monument of natural rock, (like Monu- mental Rock, Isle Royale), the materials for which in that immediate vicinity have been so long waiting, apparently, for just such a noble purpose ? lasalle's travels. The next settlement in point of time was made in 1679, by Robert Cavalier de LaSalle, at the mouth of the St. Joseph river. He had constructed a vessel, the " Griffin," just above Niagara Falls, and sailed around by the lakes to Green Bay, Wis., whence he traversed "Lac des Illinois," now Lake Michigan, by canoe to the mouth of the St. Joseph river. The " Giiffin " was the first sailing vessel that ever came west of Niagara Falls. La Salle erected a fort at the month of the St. Joseph river, which afterward was moved about 60 miles up the river, where it was still seen in Charlevoix's time, 1721. La Salle also built a fort on the Illinois river, just below Peoria, and explored the region of the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. The next, and third, Michigan post erected by authority was a second fort on the St. Joseph river, established by Du Suth, near the present Fort Gratiot, in 1686. The object of this was to intercept emissaries of the English, who were anxious to open traffic with the Mackinaw and Lake Superior nations. The French posts in Michigan on westward, left very little to be gathered by the New York traders, and they determined, as there was peace between France and England, to push forward their agencies and endeavor to deal with the western and northern Indians in their own country. The French governors not only plainly asserted the title of France, but as plainly threatened to use all requisite force to expel intruders. Anticipating cori-ectly that the English would attempt to reach Lake Huron from the East without passing up Detroit river, Du Luth built a fort at tlie outlet of the lake into the St. Clair. About the same time an expedition was planned against the Senecas, and the Chevalier Tonti, commanding La Salle's forts, of St. Louis and St. Joseph of Lake Michigan, and La Durantaye, the veteran commander of Mackinaw, were employed to bring down the French and Indian :f^ HISTORY OF :\[ICHIGAN. auxiliaries to take part in the war. These men intercepted English expeditions into the interior to establish trade with the Northern Indians, and succeeded in cutting them off for many years. Religious zeal for the Catholic Church and the national aggrandizement were almost or quite equally the primary and all-ruling motive of western explorations. For these two purposes expeditions were sent out and missionaries and military posts were established. In these enterprises Mar- quette, Joliet, La Salle, St. Lusson and others did all that we find credited to them in history. In 1669 or 1670, Talon, then " Intendant of New France," sent out two parties to discover a passage to the South Sea, St. Lusson to Hudson's Bay and La Salle southwestward. On his return in 1671, St. Lusson held a council of all the north- ern tribes at the Sault Ste. Marie, where they formed an alliance with the French. " It is a curious fact," says Campbell, " that the public documents are usually made to exhibit the local authorities as originating everything, when the facts brought to light from other sources show that they were compelled to permit what they ostensibly directed." The expeditions sent out by Talon were at least sug- gested from France. The local authorities were sometimes made to do things which were not, in their judgment, the wisest. DETROIT. July 19, 1701, the Iroquois conveyed to King William III, all their claims to land, describing their territory as " that vast tract of land or colony called Cana- gariarchio, beginning on the northwest side of Cadarachqui (Ontario) Lake, and includes all that vast tract of land lying between the great lake of Ottawawa (Huron), and the lake called by the natives Sahiquage, and by the Christians the Lake of Sweege (Oswego, for Lake Erie), and runs till it butts upon the Twich- twichs, and is bounded on the westward by the Twichtwichs, on the eastward by a place called Qiiadoge, containing in length about 800 miles, and breadth 400 miles, including the country where beavers and all sorts of wild game keep, and the place called Tjeughsaghrondie alias Fort De Tret or Wawyachtenock (Detroit) ; and so runs round the lake of Sweege till you come to a place called Oniadarun- daquat," etc. It was chiefly to prevent any further mischief, and to secure more effectually the French supremacy that La Motte Cadillac, who had great influence over the savages, succeeded, in 1701, after various plans urged by him had been shelved by hostile colonial intrigues, in getting permission from Count Fontchartraine to begin a settlement in Detroit. His purpose was from the beginning to make not only a military post, but also a civil establishment for trade and agriculture. He was more or less threatened and opposed by the monopolists and by the Mackinaw missionaries, and was subjected to severe persecutions. He finally triumphed and obtained valuable '.^ 36 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. privileges and the right of seigneury. Craftsmen of all kinds were induced to settle in the town, and trade flourished. He succeeded in getting the Hurons and many of the Ottawas to leave Mackinaw and settle about " Fort Pontchartraine." This fort stood on what was formerly called the first terrace, being on the ground lying between Larned street and the river, and between Griswold and Wayne streets. Cadillac's success was so great, in spite of all opposition, that he was appointed governor of the new province of Louisiana, which had been granted to Crozat and his associates. This appointment removed him from Detroit, and immediately afterward the place was exposed to an Indian siege, instigated by English emissaries, and conducted by the Mascoutins and Ontagamies, the same people who made the last war on the whites in the territory of Michigan under Black Hawk a century and a quarter later. The tribes allied to the French came in with alacrity and de- feated and almost annihilated the assailants, of whom a thousand were put to death. Unfortunately for the country, the commanders who succeeded Cadillac for many years were narrow-minded and selfish and not disposed to advance uny in- terests beyond the lucrative traffic with the Indians in peltries. It was not until 1734 that any new grants were made to farmers. This was done by Governor- General Beauharnois, who made the grants on the very easiest terms. Skilled ar- tisans became numerous in Detroit, and prosperity set in all around. The build- ings were not of the rudest kind, but built of oak or cedar, and of smooth finish. The cedar was brought from a great distance. Before 1742 the pineries were known, and at a very early day a saw-mill was erected on the St. Clair River, near Lake Huron. Before 1749 quarries were worked, especially at Stony Island. In 1763 there were several lime kilns within the present limits of Deti'oit, and not only stone foundations but also stone buildings, existed in the settlement. Several grist-mills existed along the river near Detroit. Agriculture was car- ried on profitably, and supplies were exported quite early, consisting chiefly of corn and wheat, and possibly beans and peas. Cattle, horses and swine were raised in considerable numbers ; but as salt was very expensive, but little meat, if any, was packed for exportation. The salt springs near Lake St. Clair, it is true, were known, and utilized to some extent, but not to an appreciable extent. Gardening and fruit-raising were carried on more thoroughly than general farming. Apples and pears were good and abundant. During the French and English war Detroit was the principal source of sup- plies to the French troops west of Lake Ontario, and it also furnished a large number of fighting men. Tlie upper posts were not much involved in this war. " Teuchsa Grondie." one of the many ways of spelling an old Indian name of Detroit, is rendered famous by a large and splendid poem of Levi Bishop, Esq., of 1^ ik^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. that city. During the whole of the eighteenth century the history of Michigan was little else than the history of Detroit, as the genius of French Government was to centralize power instead of building ujj localities for self-government. About 1704, or three years after the founding of Detroit, this place was at- tacked by the Ottawa Indians, but unsuccessfully ; and again, in 1712, the Otta- garaies, or Fox Indians, who were in secret alliance with the old enemies of the French, the Iroquois, attacked the village and laid siege to it. They were sevei'ely repulsed, and their chief offered a capitulation which was refused. Considering this an insult they became enraged and endeavored to burn up the town. Their method of firing the place was to shoot large arrows, mounted with combustible material in flame, in a track through the sky rainbow-form. The bows and ari-ows being very large and stout, the Indians lay with their backs on the ground, put botli feet against the central portion of the inner side of the bow and pulled the strings with all the might of their hands. A ball of blazing material would thus be sent arching over nearly a quarter of a mile, which would come down perpen- dicularly upon the dry shingle roofs of the houses and set them on fire. But this sclieme was soon check-mated by the French, who covered the remaining houses with wet skins. The Foxes were considerably disappointed at this and discour- aged, but they made one more desperate attempt, failed, and retreated toward Lake St. Clair, where they again entrenched themselves. From this place how- ever, they were soon dislodged. After this period these Indians occupied Wis- consin for a time and made it dangerous for travelers passing through from the lakes to the Mississippi. They were the Ishniaeliles of the wilderness. In 1749, there was a fresh accession of immigrants to all the points upon the lakes, but the history of this part of the world during the most of this century, is rather monotonous, business and government remaining about the same, without much improvement. The records nearly all concern Canada east of the lake region. It is true, there was almost a constant change of commandants at the posts, and there were many slight changes of administrative policy, but as no great enter- prises were successfully put in operation the events of the period have but little prominence. The Northwestern Territory during French rule, was simply a vast ranging ground for the numerous Indian tribes, who had no ambition higher than obtaining immediate subsistence of the crudest kind, buying arms, whisky, tobacco, blankets and jeweli'y by bartering for them the peltries of the chase. Like a drop in the ocean was the missionary work of the few Jesuits at the half dozen posts on the great waters. The forests were full of otter, beaver, bear, deer, grouse, quails, etc., and on the few prairies the grouse, or " prairie chickens." were abundant Not much work was required to obtain a bare subsistence, and human nature generally, r ^ HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. is not disposed to lay up much for the future. The present material prosperity of America is really an exception to the general law of the world. In the latter part of 1796, Wintlirop Sargent went to Detroit and organized the county of Wayne, forming a part of the Indiana Territory until its division, 1805, when the Territory of Michigan was organized. CHAPTEE III. THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. Soon after the discovery of the mouth of the Mississippi in 1682, the Govern- ment of France began to encourage the policy of establishing a line of trading posts and missionary stations, extending through the west, from Canada and the great lakes, to Louisiana ; and tliis policy was maintained, with partial success, for about seventy-five years. British power was the rival upon which the French continually kept their eye. Of course a collision of arms would result in a short time, and this commenced about 1755. In 1760, Canada, including the lake re- gion, fell into the hands of the British. During the war, occurred Braddock's de- feat, the battles of Niagara, Crown Point and Lake George, aud the death of brave Wolfe and Montcalm. September 12 of this year. Major Robert Rogers, a native of New Hampshire, a provincial officer, and then at the height of his reputation, received orders from Sir Jeffrey Amherst to ascend the lakes with a detachment of rangers, and take possession, in the name of his Britannic majesty, of Detroit, Micliilimackinac and other western posts, included in the capitulation of Montreal. He left the latter place on the following day with 200 rangers in fifteen whale boats. November 7, they reached the mouth of a river (Cliogage), on the southern coast of Lake Erie, wliere they were met by Poatiac, tlie Indian chief, who now appears for the first time upon the pages of Michigan history. He haughtily demanded of Rogers why he should appear in his realm with his forces without his permission. The major informed him that the English had obtained permission of Canada, and that he was on his way to Detroit to publish the fact, and to restore a general peace to white men and Indians alike. The next day Pontiac signified his willingness to live at peace with the English, allowing them to remain in his country, provided they paid him due respect. He knew that French power was on the wane, and that it was to the interest of his tribes to establish an early peace with the new power. The Indians, who had collected at the mouth of the Detroit, reported 400 strong, to resist the coming of the British forces, were easily influenced by Pontiac -^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. to yield the situation to Rogers. Even tlie French commandant at Detroit, Capt. Beletre, was in a situation similar to that of the Indians, and received the news of the defeat of the French from Major Rogers. He was indignant and incredulous, and tried to rouse the fury of his old-time friends, the Indians, but found them "faithless" in this hour of his need. He surrendered with an ill grace, amid the yells of several hundred Indian warriors. It was a source of great amazement to the Indians to see so many men surrender to so few. Nothing is more effective in gaining the respect of Indians than a display of power, and the above proceed- ings led them to be overawed by English powers. They were astonished also at the forbearance of the conquerors in not killing their vanquished enemies on the spot. This surrender of Detroit was on tlie 29th of November, 1760. The posts elsewhere in the lake region, north and west; were not reached until some time afterward. The English now thought they had the country perfectly in their own hands, and that tliere was but little trouble ahead ; but in this respect they were mistaken. The French renewed their efforts to circulate reports among the Indians that the English intended to take all their land from them, etc. Tlie slaughter of the Mo- nongahela, the massacre at Fort William Henry, and the horrible devastation of the western frontier, all bore witness to the fact that the French were successful in pre- judicing the Indians against the British, and the latter began to have trouble at various points. The French had always been in the habit of making presents to the Indians, keeping them supplied with arms, ammunition, etc., and it was not their policy to settle upon their lands. The British, on the other hand, now sup- plied them with nothing, frequently insulting them when they appeared around the forts. Everything conspired to fix the Indian population in their prejudices against the British Government. Even the seeds of the American Revolution were scattered into the west, and began to grow. The first Indian chief to raise the wai'-whoop was probably Kiashutd, of the Senecas, but Pontiac, of the Ottawas, was the great George Washington of all the tribes to systemize and render effectual the initial movements of the approaching storm. His home was about eight miles above Detroit, on Pechee Island, which looks out upon the waters of Lake St. Clair. He was a well-formed man, with a countenance indicating a high degree of intelligence. In 1746 he had successfully defended Detroit against the northern tribes, and it is probable he was present and assisted in the defeat of Braddock. About the close of 1762 he called a general council of the tribes, sending out ambassadors in all directions, who, with the war belt of wampum and the tomahawk, went from village to village, and camp to camp, informing the sachems everywhere, that war was impending, and delivering to them the message of Pontiac. They all approved the message, and April 27, 1 763, a ;^ ^ 40 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. grand council was held near Detroit, when Pontiao stood forth in war paint and delivered " the great speech of the campaign."' The English were slow to perceive any dangerous conspiracy in progress, and when the blow was struck, nine out of twelve of the British posts were surprised and destroyed. Three of these were witliin the bounds of this State. The first prominent event of the war was the massacre at Fort Michilimackinac, on the northernmost point of the southern peninsula, the site of the present city of Mackinaw. This Indian outrage was one of the most ingeniously devised and resolutely executed schemes in American his- tory. The Chippewas (or Ojibways) appointed one of their big ball plays in the vicinity of the post and invited and inveigled as many of the occupants as they could to the scene of play, then fell upon the unsuspecting and unguarded English in the most brutal manner. For the details of this horrible scene we are indebted to Alexander Henry, a trader at that point, who experienced several most blood- curdling escapes from death and scalping at the hands of the savages. The result of the massacre was the death of about seventy out of ninety persons. The Ottawa Indians, who occupied mainly the eastern portion of the lower peninsula, were not consulted by the Chippewas, with reference to attacking Michilimackinac, and were consequently so enraged that they espoused the cause of the English, through spite ; and it was through their instrumentality that Mr. Henry and some of his comrades were saved from death and conveyed east to the regions of civilization. Of Mr. Henry's narrow escapes we give the following succinct account: Instead of attending the ball play of the Indians lie spent the day writing letters to his friends, as a canoe was to leave for the East the following day. While thus engaged, he heard an Indian war cry and a noise of general confusion. Looking out of the window, he saw a crowd of Indians within the fort, that is, within the village palisade, who were cutting down and scalping every Englishman they found. He seized a fowling piece which he had at hand, and waited a moment for the signal, tlie drum beat to arms. In that dreadful interval he saw several of his countrymen fall under the tomahawk and struggle between the knees of an Indian, who held him in this manner to scalp him, while still alive. Mr. Henry heard no signal to arms; and seeing it was useless to undertake to resist 400 Indians, he thought only of shelter for himself. He saw many of the Canadian inhabitants of the fort calmly looking on, neither opposing the Indians nor suffering injury, and he therefore concluded he might find safety in some of their houses. He stealthily ran to one occupied by Mr. Langlade and family, who were at their windows beholding the bloody scene. Mr. Langlade scarcely dared to harbor him, but a Pawnee slave of the former concealed him in the garret, locked the stairway door and took away the key. In this situation Mr. Henry obtained, through an aperture, a view of what was going on without. He saw the dead scalped and mangled, the ^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. dying in writhing agony, under the insatiate knife and tomahawk, and the savages drinking human blood from the hollow of their joined hands I Mr. Henry almost felt as if he were a victim himself so intense were his sufferings. Soon the Indian fiends began to halloo, " All is finished." At this instant Henry heard some of the Indians enter the house he had taken shelter. The garret was separated from the room below by only a layer of single boards, and Mr. Henry heard all that was said. As soon as the Indians entered they inquired whether there were any En- glishmen in the house. Mr. Langlade replied that he could not say ; they might examine for themselves. He then conducted them to the garret door. As the door was locked, a moment of time was snatched by Mr. Henry to crawl into a heap of birch-bark vessels in a dark corner ; and although several Indians searched around the garret, one of them coming within arm's length of the sweating prisoner, they went out satisfied that no Englishman was there. As Mr. Henry was passing the succeeding night in this room, he could think of no possible chance of escape from the country. He was out of provisions, the nearest post was Detroit, 400 miles away, and the route thither lay through the enemy's country. The next morning he heard Indian voices below informing Mr. Langlade that they had not found an Englishman named Henry among the dead, and they believed him to be somewhere concealed. Mrs. L., believing that the safety of the household depended on giving tap the refugee to his pursuers, prevailed on her husband to lead the Indians upstairs to the room of Mr. H. The latter was saved from instant death by one of the savages adopting him as a brother in the place of one lost. The Indians were all mad with liquor, however, and Mr. H. again very narrowly escaped death. An hour afterwards he was taken out of the fort by an Indian indebted to him for goods, and was under the uplifted knife of the savage when he suddenly broke away from him and made back to Mr. Lang- lade's house, barely escaping the knife of the Indian the whole distance. The next day he, with tiiree other prisoners, were taken in a canoe toward Lake Michigan, and at Fox Point, eighteen miles distant, the Ottawas rescued the whites through spite at the Chippewas, sayir.g that the latter contemplated killing and eating them ; but the next day they were returned to the Chippewas, as the result of some kind of agreement about the conduct of the war. He was rescued again by an old friendly Indian claiming him as a brother. The next morning he saw the dead bodies of seven whites dragged forth from the prison lodge he had just occupied. Tiie fattest of these dead bodies was actually served up and feasted on directly before the eyes of Mr. Henry. Through the partiality of the Ottawas and the com- plications of militarj- affairs among the Indians, Mr. Henry, after severe exposures and many more thrilling escapes, was finally lauded within territory occupied by whites. V^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. For more than a year after the massacre, Michilimackinac was occupied only by wood rangers and Indians ; then, after the treaty, Capt. Howard was sent with troops to take possession. CHAPTER IV, NATIONAL POLICIES. The Great French Scheme. — Soon after the discovery of the mouth of the Mississippi by La Salle, in 1682, the government of France began to encourage the policy of establishing a line of trading posts and missionary stations extending through the West from Canada to Louisiana, and this policy was maintained, with partial success, for about seventy-five j^ears. The river St. Joseph, of Lake Michigan, was called " the river Miamis " in 1679, in which year La Salle built a small fort on its bank, near the lake shore. The principal station of the mission for the instruction of the Miamis was estab- lished on the borders of this river. The first French post within the territory of the Miamis was at the mouth of the river Miamis, on an eminence naturally forti- fied on two sides by the river, and on one side by a deep ditch made by a fall of water. It was of triangular form. The missionary, Hennepin, gives a good description of it, as he was one of the company who built it in 1679. Says he: " We felled the trees that were on the top of the bill, and having cleared the same from bushes for about two musket shot, we began to build a redoubt of eighty feet long and forty feet broad, with great square pieces of timber laid one upon another, and prepared a great number of stakes of about twenty-five feet long to drive into the ground, to make our fort more inaccessible on the river side. We employed the whole month of November about that work, which was very hard, though we had no other food but the bears' flesh our savage killed. These beasts are very common in that place, because of tlie great quantity of grapes they find there ; but their flesh being too fat and luscious, our men began to be weary of it, and desired leave to go a-hunting to kill some wild goats. M. La Salle denied them that liberty, which caused some murmurs among them, and it was but unwillingly that they continued their work. This, together with the approach of Winter and the apprehension that M. La Salle had that his vessel (the GrifSn) was lost, made him very melancholy, though he con- cealed it as much as he could. We made a cabin wherein we performed divine service every Sunday, and Father Gabriel and I, who preached alternately, took care to take such texts as wei-e suitable to our present circumstances and fit to -^ HISTOIIY OF MICHIGAN. inspire us with courage, concord and brotherly love. . . . The fort was at last perfected and called Fort Miamis." In 1765, the Miamis nation, or confederacy, was composed of four tribes, whose total number of warriors was estimated at only 1,050 men. Of these, about 250 were Twight-wess or Miamis proper, 300 Weas or Ouiate-nons, 300 Pianke- shaws and 200 Schockeys, and at this time the principal villages of the Twight- wess were situated about the head of the Maumee River, at and near the place where Fort Wayne now is. The larger Wea villages were near the banks of the Wabash River, in the vicinity of the Ouiatenon ; and the Shockeys and Piaukeshaws dwelt on the banks of the Vermillion and on the borders of the Wabash, between Vin- cennes and Ouiatenon. Branches of the Pottawatomie, Shawnee, Delaware and Kickapoo tribes were permitted at different times to enter within tiie boundaries of the Miamis and reside for a while. The wars in wliich France and England were engaged from 1688 to 1697, retarded the growth of the colonies of those nations in North America, and the efforts made by France to connect Canada and the Gulf of Mexico by a chain of trading-posts and colonies naturally excited the jealousy of England and gradually laid the foundation for a struggle at arms. After several stations were established elsewhere in the West, trading-posts were started at the Miami villages, which stood at the head of the Maumee, at the Wea villages about Ouiatenon, on the Wabash, and at the Piankeshaw villages about the present site of Vincennes. It is probable that before the close of the year 1719, temporary trading-posts were erected at the sites of Fort Wayne, Ouiatenon and Vincennes. The points were probablj' often visited by French fur traders prior to 1700. In the meanwhile, the English people in this country commenced also to establish military posts west of the Alleghanies, and thus matters went on until they naturally culminated in a general war, which, being waged l)y the French and Indians combined on one side, was called " the French and Indian war." This war was terminated in 1763 by a treaty at Paris, by which France ceded to Great Britain all of North America east of the Mississippi except New Orleans and the island on which it is situated ; and, indeed, France had the preceding Autumn, by a secret convention, ceded to Spain all the country west of that river. In 1762, after Canada and its dependencies had been surrendered to the English, Pontiac and his partisans secretly organized a powerful confederacy in order to crush at one blow all English power in the West. This great scheme was skillfully projected and cautiously matured. The principal act in tlie programme was to gain admittance into the fort at Detroit, on pretense of a friendly visit, with shortened muskets concealed under their blankets, and, on a given signal, suddenly break forth upon the garrison ; but an inadvertent remark of an Indian woman led to a HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. discovery of the plot, which was consequently averted. Pontiac and his warriors afterward made many attacks upon the English, some of which were successful, but the Indians were finally defeated in the general war. BRITISH POLICY. In 1765 the total number of French families within the limits of the North- western Territory did not probably exceed 600. These were in settlements about Detroit, along the river Wabash and the neighborhood of Fort Chartres on the Mis- sissippi. Of these families, about eighty or ninety resided at Post Vincennes, fourteen at Fort Ouiatenon, on the Wabash, and nine or ten at the confluence of the St. Mary and St. Joseph rivers, together with a few on St. Clair lake and river. The colonial policy of the British Government opposed an}' measures which might strengthen settlements in the interior of this country, lest they become self- supporting and independent of the mother country; hence the early and rapid settle- ment of the Northwestern Territory was still furtlier retarded by short-sighted self- ishness of England. That fatal policy consisted mainly in holding the lands in the hands of the government and not allowing it to be subdivided and sold to settlers. But in spite of all her efforts in this direction, she constantly made just such efforts as provoked the American people to rebel, and to rebel successfully, which was within fifteen years after the perfect close of the French and Indian war. AMERICAN POLICY. Thomas Jefferson, the shrewd statesman and wise Governor of Virginia, saw from the first that actual occupation of Western lands was the only way to keep them out of the hands of foreigners and Indians. Therefore, directly after the con- quest of Vincennes by Clark he engaged a scientific corps to proceed under an escort to the Mississippi, and ascertain by celestial observations the point on that river intersected by latitude 36 deg. 31 min., the southern limit of the State, and to measure its distance to the Ohio. To Gen. Clark was entrusted the conduct of the military operations in that quarter. He was instructed to select a strong position near that point and establish there a fort and garrison ; thence to extend his conquest northward to the lakes, erecting forts at different points, which might serve as monuments of actual possession, besides affording protection to that por- tion of the countr}-. Fort " Jefferson " was erected and garrisoned on the Missis- sippi a few miles above the southern limit. The result of these operations was the addition to the chartered limits of Vir- ginia, of that immense region known as the " Northwestern Territory." The sim- ple fact that such and such forts were established by the Americans in this vast region convinced the Britisli Commissioners that we had entitled ourselves to the land. But where are those " monuments " of our power now ? jil HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ORDINANCE OF 1787. This ordinance has a marvelous and interesting history. Considerable contro- versy has been indulged in as to who is entitled to the credit for framing it. This belongs undoubtedly, to Nathan Dane ; and to Rufus King and Timothy Pickering belong the credit for suggesting the proviso contained in it against slavery, and also for aids to religion and knowledge, and for assuring forever the common use, without charge, of the great national highways of the Mississippi, the St. Lawrence and their tributaries to all the citizens of the United States. To Thomas Jefferson is also due much credit, as some features of this ordinance were embraced in his ordin- ance of 1784. But the part taken by eacli in the long, laborious and eventful struggle which had so glorious a consummation in the ordinance, consecrating for- ever, by one imprescriptible and unchangeable monument, the very heart of our country to freedom, knowledge and union, will forever honor the names of those illustrious statesmen. Jefferson had vainly tiied to secure a system of government for the North- western Territorj'. He was an emancipationist and favored the exclusion of slavery from the Territory, but the South voted him down every time he proposed a meas- ure of this nature. In 1787, as late as July 10, an organizing act without the anti- slavery clause was pending. This concession to the South was expected to carry it. Congress was in session in New York. On July 5, Rev. Manasseh Cutler of Massachusetts, came into New York to lobby on the Northwestern Territory, Everything seemed to fall into his hands. Events were ripe. The state of the public credit, the growing of Southern prejudice, the basis of his mission, his per- sonal character, all combined to comjilete one of those sudden and marvelous revo- lutions of public sentiment that once in five or ten centuries are seen to sweep over a country like the breath of the Almighty. Cutler was a graduate of Yale. He had studied and taken degrees in the three learned professions, medicine, law, and divinity. He had published a scien- tific examination of the plants of New England. As a scientist in America, his name stood second only to Franklin. He was a courtly gentleman of the old style, a man of commanding presence and inviting face. The Southern members said they had never seen such a gentleman in the North. He came, representing a Massachusetts company that desired to purchase a tract of land, now included in Ohio for the purpose of planting a colony. It was a speculation. Government money was worth eighteen cents on the dollar. This company had collected enough to purchase 1,500,000 acres of land. Other speculators in New York made Ur. Cutler their agent, which enabled him to represent a demand for 5,500,000 acres. As this would reduce the national debt, it presented a good opportunity to do something:. 'y -►• HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. Massachusetts then owned the territory of Maine, which she was crowding on the market. She was opposed to opening the Northwestern region. This fired the zeal of Virginia. The South caught tlie inspiration, and all exalted Dr. Cutler. The entire South rallied around him. Massachusetts could not vote against him, because many of the constituents of her members were interested personally in the Western speculation. Thus Cutler making friends in the South, and doubtless using all the arts of the lobby, was enabled to command the situation. True to deeper convictions, he dictated one of the most compact and finished documents of wise statesmenship that has ever adorned any human law book. He borrowed from Jefferson the term " Articles of Compact," which preceding the federal constitution, rose into the most sacred character. He then followed very closely the constitution of Massachusetts, adopted three years before. Its most prominent points were : 1. The exclusion of slavery from the territory forever. 2. Provision fur public schools, giving one township for a seminary and every section numbered 16 in each township ; that is, one thirty-sixth of all the land for public schools. 3. A provision prohibiting the adoption of any constitution or the enactment of any law that should nullify pre-existing contracts. Be it forever remembered that this compact declared that " religion, morality and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of edu- cation shall always be encouraged." Dr. Cutler planted himself on this platform and would not yield. Giving his unqualified declaration that it was that or noth- ing, he took his horse and buggy and started for the constitutional convention at Philadelphia. On July 13, 1787, the bill was put upon its passage, and was unani- mously adopted. Thus the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, a vast empire, were consecrated to freedom, intelligence and morality. Thus the great heart of the nation was prepared to save the union of States, for it was this act that was the salvation of the Republic and the destruction of slavery. Soon the South saw their great blunder and tried to have the compact repealed. In 1803 Congress re- ferred it to a committee, of which John Randolph was chairman. He reported that this oi'dinance was a compact, and opposed repeal. Thus it stood, a rock in the way of the on-rushing sea of slavery. The " Northwestern Territory" included, of course, what is now the State of Indiana, and October 5, 1787, Major General Arthur St. Clair was elected by Con- gress, Governor of this territory. Upon commencing the duties of his office he was instructed to ascertain the real temper of the Indians, and do all in his power to remove the causes for controversy between them and the United States, and to riV HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. effect the extinguishment of Indian titles to all the land possible. The Governor took up quarters in the new settlement of Marietta, Ohio, where he immediately began the organization of the government of the territory. The first session of the General Court of the new territory was held at that place in 1788, the judges being Samuel H. Parsons, James M. Varnum and John C. Syrames, but under the ordinance, Gov. St. Clair was president of the court. After the first session, and after tiie necessary laws for government were adopted. Gov. St. Clair, accompanied by the judges, visited Kaskaskia for the purpose of organizing a civil government there. Full instructions had been sent to Maj. Hamtramck, commandant at Vin- cennes, to ascertain the exact feeling and temper of the Indian tribes of the Wabash. The instructions were accompanied by speeches to each of the tribes. A Frenchman, named Antoine Gamelin, was dispatched with these messages April 5, 1790, who visited nearly all the tribes on the Wabash, St. Joseph, and St. Mary's Rivers, but was coldly received, most of the chiefs being dissatisfied with the policy of the Americans toward them, and prejudiced through English misr(!presentation. Full accounts of his adventures among the tribes, reached Gov. St. Clair at Kaskas- kia, in June, 1790. Being satisfied that there was no pi-ospectof effecting a general peace with the Indians of Indiana, he resolved to visit Gen. Harmar, at his head- quarters at Fort Washington, and consult with him on the means of carrying on an expedition against the hostile Indians ; but before leaving he intrusted Winthrop Sargent, the secretary of the Territory, with the execution of the resolutions of Congress regarding the lands and settlers on the Wabash. He directed that officer to proceed to Vincennes, lay out a county there, establish the militia and appoint the necessary civil and military officers. Accordingly Mr. Sargent went to Vin- cennes and organized Camp Knox, appointed the officers, and notified the inhabi- tants to present their claims to lands. In establishing these claims the settlers found great difficulty, and concerning this matter the secretary in his report to the president wrote as follows : Although the lands and lots which were awarded to the inhabitants appeared from very good oral testimony to belong to those persons to whom they were awarded, either by original grants, purchase or inheritance, yet there was scarcely one case in twenty where the title was complete, owing to the desultory manner in which public business had been transacted, and some other unfortunate causes. The original concessions by the French and British commandants were generall}' made upon a small scrap of paper, which it has been customary to lodge in the notary's office, who has seldom kept any book of record, but committed the most important land concerns to loose sheets, which in process of time have come into possession of persons that have fraudulently destroyed them ; or unacquainted with their consequence, innocently lost or trifled them away. By French usage they are ;t^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. considered family inlieritanees, and often descend to women and cliildren. In one instance, during tlie government of St. Ange, a royal notary ran off with all the public papers in his possession, as by a certificate produced to me. And I am very sorry further to observe that in the ofBce of Mr. Le Grande, which continued from 1777 to 1787, and where should have been the voucliers for imjiortant land transac- tions, the records have been so falsified, and there is such gross fraud and forgery as to invalidate all evidence and information which might be otherwise acquired from his papers. Mr. Sargent says there were about 150 French families at Vincennes in 1790. The heads of all the families had been at one time vested with certain titles to a portion of the soil ; and while the secretary was busy in straightening out those claims, he received a petition signed by eighty Americans, asking for the confirma- tion of grants of land ceded by the Court, organized by Col. John Todd, under the authority of Virginia. With reference to this cause, Congress, March 3, 1691, em- powered the territorial governor, in cases where land had been actually improved and cultivated under a supposed grant for the same, to confirm to the persons who made such improvements the lands supposed to have been granted, not, however, exceeding the quantity of 1,100 acres to any one person. CHAPTER V. MILITARY HISTORY. PONTIAC'S SIEGE OF DETROIT. In the Spring of 1763 Pontiac determined to take Detroit bj' an ingenious attack. He had his men file off their guns so that they would be short enough to conceal under their blanket clothing as they entered the fortification. A Canadian woman who went over to their village on the east side of the river to obtain some venison, saw them thus at woik on their guns, and suspected they were preparing for an attack on the whites. She told her neighbors what she had seen, and one of them informed the commandant, Major Gladwyn, who at first slighted the advice, but before another day had passed he had full knowledge of the plot. There is a legend that a beautiful Chippewa girl, well-known to Gladwyn, divulged to him the scheme which the Indians had in view, namely, that the next day Pontiac would come to the fort with sixty of his chiefs, each armed with a gun cut short and hidden under his blanket ; that Pontiac would demand a council, deliver a speech, offer a peace-belt of wampum, holding it in a reversed position as the signal for -®l>>. :^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. attack ; that the chiefs, sitting upon the ground, would then spring up and fire upon tlie officers, and the Indians out in the streets would next fall upon the garrison, and kill everj' Englishman but spare all the French. Gladwyn accordingly put the place in a state of defence as well as he could, and arranged for a quiet reception of the Indians and a sudden attack upon them when he should give a signal. At 10 o'clock, May 7, according to the girl's pre- diction, the Indians came, entered the fort, and proceeded with the programme, but witl) some hesitation, as they saw their plot was discovered. Pontiac made his speech, professing friendship for the English, etc., and without giving his signal for attack, sat down and heard Major Gladwyn's reply, who suffered him and his men to retire unmolested. He probably feared to take them as prisoners, as war was not actually commenced. The next day Pontiac determined to try again, but was refused entrance at the gate unless he should come in alone. He turned away in a rage, and in a few minutes some of his men commenced the peculiarly Indian work of attacking an innocent household and murdering them, just be3'ond the range of British guns. Another squad murdered an Englishman on an island at a little distance. Pontiac did not authorize the proceedings, but retired across the river and ordered pre- parations to be made for taking the fort by direct assault, the headquarters of the camp to be on " Bloody Run," west of the river. Meanwhile the garrison was kept in readiness for any out-break. The very next day Pontiac, having received reinforcements from the Chippewas of Saginaw Bay, commenced the attack, but was repulsed; no deaths upon either side. Gladwyn sent ambassadors to arrange for peace, but Pontiac, although professing to be willing, in a general way, to con- clude peace, would not agree to any particular proposition. A number of Canadians visited the fort and warned the commandant to evacuate, as 1,500 or more Indians would storm the place in an hour ; and soon afterward a Canadian came with a summons from Pontiac, demanding Gladwyn to surrender the post at once, and promising that, in case of comjiliance, he and his men would be allowed to go on board their vessels unmolested, leaving their arms and effects behind. To both these advices Major Gladwyn gave a flat refusal. Only three weeks' provisions were within the fort, and the garrison was in a deplorable condition. A few Canadians, however, from across the river, sent some provisions occasionally, by night. Had it not been for this timely assistance, the garrison would doubtless have had to abandon the fort. The Indians themselves soon began to suffer from hunger, as they had not prepared for a long siege ; but Pontiac, after some maraudings upon the French settlei-s had been made, issued " promise to pay " on birch bark, with which he pacified the residents. He sub- sequently redeemed all these notes. About the end of July, Capt. Dalzell arrived 4 't^ HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. from Niagara with reinforcements and provisions, and persuaded Gladwyn to under- take an aggressive movement against Pontiac. Dalzell was detailed for the purpose of attacking the camp at Parents' Creek, a mile and a half away, but, being delayed a day, Pontiac learned of his movements, and prepared his men to contest his march. On the next morning, July 31, before day-break, Dalzell went out with 250 men, but was repulsed with a loss of fifty-nine killed and wounded, while the Indians lost less than half that number. Parents' Creek was afterward known as " Bloody Run." Shortly afterward, the schooner " Gladwyn," on its return from Niagara, with ammunition and provisions, anchored about nine miles below Detroit for the night, when in the darkness about 300 Indians in canoes came quietly upon the vessel and very nearly succeeded in taking it. Slaughter proceeded vigorously until the mate gave orders to his men to blow \ip the schooner, when the Indians under- standing the design, fled precipitately, plunging into the water and swimming ashore. This desperate command saved the crew, and the schooner succeeded in reaching the post with the much-needed supply of provisions. By this time, September, most of the tribes around Detroit were disposed to sue for peace. A truce being obtained, Gladwyn laid in provisions for the Winter, while Pontiac retired with his chiefs to the Maumee country, only to prepare for a resumption of war the next Spring. He or his allies the next season carried on a petty warfare until in August when the garrison, now worn out and reduced, were relieved by fresh troops. Major Bradstreet commanding. Pontiac retired to the Maumee again, still to stir up hate against the British. Meanwhile the Indians near Detroit, scarcely comprehending what they were doing, were induced by Bradstreet to declare themselves subjects of Great Britain. An embassy sent to Pontiac induced him also to cease belligerent operations against the British. In 1769 the great chief and warrior, Pontiac, was killed in Illinois by a Kaskas- kia Indian, for a barrel of whisky offered by an Englishman named Williamson. EXPEDITIONS OF HARMAR, SCOTT AND WILKINSON. Gov. St. Clair, on his arrival at Fort Washington from Kaskaskia, had a long conversation with Gen. Harmar, and concluded to send a powertul force to chastise the savages about the head-waters of the Wabash. He had been empowered by the President to call on Virginia for 1,000 troops and on Pennsylvania for 500, and he immediately availed himself of this resource, ordering 300 of the Virginia mili- tia to muster at Fort Steuben, and march with the garrison of that fort to Vin- cennes, and join Maj. Hamtramgk, who had orders to call for aid from the militia of Vincennes, march u^j the Wabash and attack any of the Indian villages which he might think he could overcome. ^. HISTORY OF UnCHIGAN. The remaining 1,200 of the militia were ordered to rendezvous at Fort Wash- ington, and to join the regular troops at that post under Gen. Harmar. At this time the United States troops in the West were estimated by Gen. Harmar at 400 effective men. These, with the militia, gave him a force of 1,450 men. With this army Gen. Harmar marched from Fort Wasliington, September 30, and arrived at the Maumee, October 17. They commenced the work of punishing the Indians, but were not very successful. The savages, it is true, received a severe scourging, but the militia behaved so badly as to be of little or no service. A detachment of o40 militia and sixty regulars, under the command of Col. Hardin, were sorely defeated on the Maumee October 22. The next day the army took up the line of march for Fort Washington, wliich place they reached November 4, having lost in the expedition 183 killed and thirty-one wounded ; the Indians lost about as many. During the progress of this expedition Maj. Hamtramck marched up the Wabash from Vincennes, as far as the Vermillion river, and destroyed several deserted vil- lages, but without finding an enemy to oppose him. Although the savages seem to have been severely punished by these expeditions, yet they refused to sue for peace, and continued their hostilities. Thereupon, the inhabitants of the frontier settle- ments of Virginia took alarm, and the delegates of Ohio, Monongahela, Harrison, Randolph, Greenbrier, Kanawah and Montgomery counties sent a joint memorial to the Governor of Virginia, saying that the defenseless condition of the counties, forming aline of nearly 400 miles along the Ohio river, exposed to the hostile inva- sion of their Indian enemies, destitute of every kind of support, was truly alarm- ing, for, notwithstanding all the regulations of the General Government in that country, they have reason to lament tliat they have been up to that time ineffectual for their protection ; nor indeed could it be otherwise, for the garrisons kept by the Continental troops on the Ohio River, if of any use at all, must protect only the Kentucky settlement, as they immediately covered that country. They further stated in their memorial, " We beg leave to observe that we have reason to fear that the consequences of tlie defeat of our army by the Indians in the late expe- dition will be severely felt on our frontiers, as there is no doubt that the Indians will, in their turn, being flushed with victory, invade our settlements and exercise all their horrid murder upon the inhabitants thereof whenever the weather will permit them to travel. Then, is it not better to support us where we are, be the expense what it may, than to oblige such a number of your brave citizens, who have so long supported, and still continue to support, a dangerous frontier (although thousands of their relatives in the flesh have in the prosecution thereof fallen a sacrifice to the savage inventions) to quit the country, after all they have done and suffered, when you know that a frontier must be supported somewhere? " This memorial caused the Legislature of Virginia to authorize the Governor of r^ HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. that State to make any defensive operations necessary for the temporary defense of the frontiers, until the General Government could adopt and carry out measures to suppress the hostile Indians. The Governor at once called upon the military com- manding oflScers in the western counties of Virginia to raise by the first of March, 1791, several small companies for this purpose. At the same time Charles Scott was appointed Brigadier-General of the Kentucky Militia, with authority to raise 226 volunteers, to protect the most exposed portions of that district. A full report of the proceedings of the Virginia Legislature being transmitted to Congress, that body constituted a local Board of War for the district of Kentucky, consisting of five men. March, 1791, Gen. Henry Knox, Secretary of War, sent a letter of instructions to Gen. Scott, recommending an expedition of mounted men not exceding 750 men, against the Wea towns on the Wabash. With this force Gen. Scott, accordingly, crossed the Ohio, May 23, 1791, and reached the Wabash in about ten days. Many of the Indians, having discovered his approach, fled, tut he succeeded in destroying all the villages around Ouiatenon, together with several Kickapoo towns, killing thirty-two warriors and taking fifty-eight prisoners. He released a few of the most infirm prisoners, giving them a "talk," which they car- ried to the towns further up the Wabash, and which the wi'etched condition of his horses prevented him from reaching. March 3, 1791, Congress provided for raising and equipping a regiment for the protection of the frontiers, and Gov. St. Clair was invested with the chief command of about 3,000 troops, to be raised and employed against the hostile Indians in the territory over which his jurisdiction extended. He was instructed by the Secretary of War to march to the Miami village and establish a strong and permanent mili- tary post there, also such posts elsewhere along the Oliio as would be in communi- cation with Fort Washington. The post at Miami Village was intended to keep the savages in that vicinity in check, and was ordered to be strong enough in its garrison to afford a detachment of 500 or 600 men in case of emergency, either to chastise any of the Wabash or other hostile Indians or capture convoys of the enemy's provisions. The Secretary of War also urged Gov. St. Clair to establish that post as the first and most important part of the campaign. In case of a pre- vious treaty, the Indians were to be conciliated upon this point, if possible ; and he presumed good arguments might be offered to induce their acquiescence. Said he : " Having commenced your march upon the main expedition, and the Indians con- tinuing hostile, you will use every possible exertion to make them feel the effects of your superiority ; and, after having arrived at the Miami village and put your works in a defensible state, you will seek the enemy with the whole of your remain- ing force, and endeavor by all possible means to strike them with great severity." "In order to avoid future wars, it might be proper to make the Wabash and thence iht. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. over to the Maumee, and down the same to its mouth, at Lake Erie, the boundary be- tween the people of the United States and the Indians (excepting so far as the same should relate to the Wyandots and Delawares), on the supposition of their continu- ing faithful to the treaties ; but if they should join in the war against the United States, and your army be victorious, the said tribes ought to be removed without the boundaries mentioned." Previous to marching a strong force to the Miami town. Gov. St. Clair, June 25, 1791, authorized Gen. Wilkinson to conduct a second expedition, not exceeding 500 mounted men, against the Indian villages on the Wabash. Accordingly, Gen. Wilkinson mustered his forces and was ready July 20, to march with 625 mounted volunteers, well armed, and provided with 30 days' provisions, and with this force he reached the Ke-na-pa-com-a-qua village on the north bank of Eel River, about six miles above its mouth, Aug. 7, where he killed six warriors and took 34 prisoners. This town, which was scattered along the river for three miles, was totally destroyed. Wilkinson encamped on the ruins of the town that night, and the next day he commenced his march for the Kickapoo town, on the prairie which he was unable to reach owing to the impassable condition of the route which he adopted and the failing condition of his horses. He reported the estimated result of the expedition as follows : " I have destroyed the chief town of the Ouiatenon nation, and have made prisoners of the sons and sisters of the king. I have burned a respectable Kickapoo village, and cut down at least 400 acres of corn, chiefly in the milk." EXPEDITIONS OF ST. CLAIR AND WAYNE. The Indians were greatly damaged by the expeditions of Harmar, Scott and Wilkinson, but were far from being subdued. They regarded the policy of the United States as calculated to exterminate them from the land; and, goaded on by the English of Detroit, enemies of the Americans, they were excited to desperation. At this time the Britisli Government still supported garrisons at Niagara, Detroit and Michilimackinac, although it was declared by the second article of the definite treaty of peace of 1783, tliat the King of Great Britain would, " with all convenient speed, and without causing any destruction or carrying away any negroes or property of the American inhabitants, withdraw all his forces, gar- risons ar.d fleets from the United States, and from every post harbor and place within the same." That treaty also provided that the creditors on either side should meet with no lawful impediments to tlie recovery to the full value, in sterl- ing money, of all bona fide debts previously contracted. The Britisli Government claimed that the United Slates had broken faith in this particular understanding of the treaty, and in consequence refused to withdraw its forces from the territory. rrv^ V^i: HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. The British garrisons in the Lake Region were a source of much annoyance to the Americans, as they afforded succor to the hostile Indians, encouraging them to make raids among the Americans. This state of affairs in the territory north- west of the Ohio, continued from the commencement of tlie Revolutionary war to 1796, when under a second treaty all British soldiers were withdrawn from the country. In September, 1791, St. Clair moved from Fort Washington with about 2,000 men, and November 3, the main army, consisting of about 1,400 effective troops, moved forward to the head-waters of the Wabash, where Fort Recovery was after- ward erected, and here the army encamped. About 1,200 Indians were secreted a few miles distant, awaiting a favorable opportunity to begin an attack, which they improved on the morning of Nov. 4, about half an hour before sunrise. The attack was first made upon the militia, which immediately gave way. St. Clair was defeated and he returned to Fort Washington with a broken and dispirited army, having lost 39 officers killed, and 539 men killed and missing ; 22 ofiBcers and 232 men were wounded. Several pieces of artillery and all the baggage, ammunition baggage and provisions were left on the field of l)attle and fell into the hands of the victorious Indians. The stores and other public property lost in the action were valued at $32,800. There were also 100 or more American women with the army of the whites, very few of whom escaped the cruel carnage of the savage Indians. The latter, characteristic of their brutal nature, proceeded in the rush of victory to perpetrate the most horrible acts of cruelty and barbarity upon tlie bodies of the living and the dead Americans who fell into their hands. Believ- ing that the whites had made war for many years merely to acquire land, the Indians crammed clay and sand into the eyes and down the throats of the dying and the dead ! GEN. Wayne's great victory. Although no particular blame was attached to Gov. St. Clair for the loss in tliis expedition, yet he resigned the office of major-general, and was succeeded by Anthou}' Wayne, a distinguished officer of the Revolutionary war. Early in 1792, preparations were made by the General Government for re-organizing the army, so tliat it should consist of an eflScient degree of strength. Wayne arrived at Pitts- burgh in June, where the army was to rendezvous. Here he continued actively engaged in organizing and training his forces until October, 1793, when with an army of about 3,600 men, he moved westward to Fort Wasliington. While Wayne was preparing for an offensive campaign, every possible means was employed to induce the hostile tribes of the Northwest to enter into a general treaty of peace with the American Government ; speeches were sent among them, and agents to make treaties were also sent, but little was accomplished. Major fe^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. Hamtramck, who still remained at Viucennes, succeeded in concluding a general peace with the Wabash and Illinois Indians ; but the tribes more immediately under the influence of the British, refused to hear the sentiments of friendship that were sent among them, and tomahawked several of the messengers. Their courage had been aroused by St. Clair's defeat, as well as by the unsuccessful expedition which had preceded it, and they now felt quite prepared to meet a superior force under Gen. Wayne. The Indians insisted on the Ohio River as the boundary line between their lands and the lands of the United States, and felt certain that they could maintain that boundary. Maj. Gen. Scott, with about 1,600 mounted volunteers from Kentucky, joined the regular troops under Gen. Wayne, July 26, 1794, and on the 28th, the united forces began their march on the Indian towns of the Maumee River. Arriving at the mouth of the Auglaize, the}- erected Fort Defiance, and on August 15, the army advanced toward the British fort at the foot of the rapids of the Maumee, wliere on the 20th, almost within reach of the British, the American army obtained a decisive victory over the combined forces of the hostile Indians and a considerable number of the Detroit Br. militia. The number of the enemy was estimated at 2,000, against about 900 American troops actually engaged. This horde of savages, as soon as the action began, abandoned themselves to flight and dispersed with terror and dismay, leaving Wayne's victorious army in full and quiet possession of the field. The Americans lost thirty-three killed and one hundred wounded ; while the loss of the enemy was more than double this number. The army remained three days and nights on the banks of the Maumee, in front of the field of battle, during which time all the houses and corn- fields were consumed and destroyed for a considerable distance both above and be- low Fort Miami, as well as within pistol shot of the British garrison, who were compelled to remain idle spectators to this general devastation and conflagration, among which were the houses, stores and property of Col. McKee, the British Indian agent and "principal instigator of the war then existing between the United States and savages." On the return march to Fort Defiance the villages and cornfields for about fifty miles on each side of the Maumee were destroyed, as well as those for a considerable distance around that post. September 14, 1794, the army under Gen. Wayne commenced its march toward the deserted Miami villages at tlie confluence of St. Joseph and St. Mary's rivers, arriving October 17, and on the following day the site of Fort Wayne was selected. The fort was completed November 22, and garrisoned by a strong detachment of infantry and artillery, under the command of Col. John F. Hamtramck, who gave to the new fort the name of Fort Wa3'ne. In 1814, a new fort was built on the site of this structure. The Kentucky volunteers returned to Fort Washington and were mustered out of service. Gen. Wayne, with the Federal troops, marched to " ^s r- HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. Greenville and took up his headquarters during the Winter. Here in August, 1795, after several months of active negotiation, this gallant officer succeeded in conclud- ing a getieral treaty of peace with all the hostile tribes of the Northwestern Ter- ritory. This treaty opened the way for the flood of immigration for man}' years, and ultimately made the States and Territories now constituting the mighty Northwest. Up to the organization of the Indiana Territory there is but little history' to record apart from those events connected with military affairs. In July 1796, as before stated, after a treaty was concluded between the United States and Spain, the British garrisons, with their arms, artillery and stores were withdrawn from the posts within the boundaries of the United States northwest of the Ohio River, and a detachment of American troops, consisting of sixty-five men, under the com- mand of Capt. Moses Porter, took possession of the evacuated post of Detroit in the same month. In the latter part of 1796 Winthrop Sargent went to Detroit and organized the county of Wayne, forming a part of the Indiana Territory until its division in 1805, when the Territory of Michigan was organized. REVOLUTIONARY WAR. By this important struggle the territory of the present State of Michigan was but little affected, the posts of Detroit and Mackinaw being the principal points whence the British operated among the Indians to prejudice them against the " Americans," going so far as to pay a reward for scalps, which the savages, of course, hesitated not to take from defenseless inhabitants. The expeditions made by the Indians for this purpose were even supported sometimes by the regular troops and local militia. One of these joint expeditions, commanded by Capt. Byrd, set out from Detroit to attack Louisville, Ky. It proceeded in boats as far as it could ascend the Maumee, and thence crossed to the Ohio River, on which stream Ruddle's Station was situated, which surrendered at once, without fighting, under the promise of being protected from the Indians ; but this promise was broken and all the prisoners massacred. Another expedition under Gov. Hamilton, the commandant at Detroit, started out iu 1778, and appeared at Vincennes, Ind., with a force of thirty regulars, fifty French volunteers and about 400 Indians. At this fort the gan-ison consisted of only Capt. Helm and one soldier named Henry. Seeing the troops at a distance, they loaded a cannon, which they placed in the open gateway, and Capt. Helm stood by the cannon with a lighted match. When Hamilton with his army approached within hailing distance, Helm called out with a loud voice, " Halt !" This show of resistance made Hamilton stop and demand a surrender of the garri- son. " No man," exclaimed Helm, with an oath, " enters here until I know the HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. terms." Hamilton replied, " You shall have the honor of war." Helm thereupon surrendered the fort, and the whole garrison, consisting of the two already named, marched out and received the customary marks of respect for their brave defense. Hamilton was soon after made to surrender this place to Gen. George Rogers Clark, the ablest American defender in the West. The British soldiers were allowed to return to Detroit ; but their commander, who was known to have been active in instigating Indian barbarities, was put in irons and sent to Virginia as a prisoner of war. The events just related are specimens of what occurred at and in connection with Detroit from the close of Pontiac's war until a number of years after the establishment of American Independence. When the treaty of peace was signed in Versailles in 1783, the British on the frontier reduced their aggressive policy somewhat, but they continued to occupy the lake posts until 1796, on the claim that the lake region was not designed to be included in the treaty by the commissioners, probably on account of their ignorance of the geography of the region. Mean- while tlie Indians extensively organized for depredation upon the Americans, and continued to harass them at every point. During this period Alexander McKenzie, an agent of the British Government, visited Detroit, painted like an Indian, and said that he was just from the upper lakes, and that the tribes in that region were all in arms against any further immigi'ation of Americans, and were ready to attack the infant settlements in Ohio. His statement had the desired effect, and encour- aged also by an agent from the Spanish settlements on the Mississippi, the Indians organized a great confederacy against the United States. To put this down Gen. Harmar was first sent out by the Government with 1,400 men ; but he imprudently divided his army, and he was taken by surprise and defeated by a body of Indians under " Little Turtle." Gen. Arthur St. Clair was next sent out, with 2,000 men, and he suffered a like fate. Then Gen. Anthony Wayne was sent West with a still larger army, and on the Maumee he gained an easy victory over tlie Indians, within a few miles of a British post. He finally concluded a treaty with the Indians at Green- ville, which broke up the whole confederacy. The British soon afterwards gave up Detroit and Mackinaw. It was a considerable time before the Territory of Michigan now in possession of the United States, was improved or altered by the increase of settlements. The Canadian French continued to form the principal part of its population. The interior of the country was but little known, except by the Indians and the fur traders. The Indian title not being fully extinguished, no lands were brought into market, and consequently the settlements increased but slowly. Tiie State of Michigan at this time constituted simply the county of Wayne in Northwest Ter- ritory. It sent one representative to the legislature of that Territory, which was rrv* HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. held at Chillicothe. A court of Common Pleas was organized for the county, and the General Court of the whole Territory sometimes met at Detroit. No roads had as yet been constructed through the interior, nor were there an}' settlements except on the frontiers. The habits of the people were essentially military, and but little attention was paid to agriculture except by the French peasantry. A representative was sent to the General Assembly of the Northwest Territory at Chillicothe until 1800, when Indiana was erected into a separate Territory. Two years later Mich- igan was annexed to Indiana Territory, but in 1805 Michigan separated and William Hull was appointed its first Governor. The British revived the old prejudices that the Americans intended to drive the Indians out of the country, and the latter, under the lead of Tecumseh and his Ijrother Elkswatawa, the " prophet," organized again on an extensive scale to make war upon the Americans. The great idea of Tecumseh's life was a univei-sal con- federacy of all the Indian tribes North and South to resist the invasion of the whites ; and his plan was to surprise them at all their posts throughout the country and capture them by the first assault. At this time the entire white population of Michigan was about 4,800, foui--fifths of whom were French and the remainder Americans. The settlements were situated on the rivers Miami and Raisin, on the Huron of Lake Erie, on the Ecorse Range, and Detroit Rivers, on the Huron of St. Clair, on the St. Clair River and Mackinaw Island. Besides, there were here and there a group of huts belonging to the French fur traders. The villages on the Maumee, the Raisin and the Huron of Lake Erie contained a population of about l,oOO ; the settlements at Detroit and northward had about 2,200 ; Mackinaw about 1,000. Detroit was garrisoned by ninety-four men, and Mackinaw by seventy-nine. hull's surrender. Now we have to record an unexplained mystery, which no historian of Mich- igan can omit, namely, the surrender of Detroit to the British by Gen. Hull, when his forces were not in action and were far more powerful than the enemy. He was either a coward or a traitor, or both. The commander of the British forces. Gen. Brock, triumphantly took possession of the fort, left a small garrison under Col. Proctor, and returned to the seat of his government. In twelve days he had moved with a small army 250 miles against the enemy, effected the surrender of a strong fort and well-equipped army of 2,300 effective men, and one of the Territories of the United States. Hull and the regular troops were taken to Montreal, and the militia were sent to their homes. In the capitulation, Gen. Hull also surrendered Fort Dearborn, at Chicago, commanding C^aptain Heald of that place to evacuate and retreat to Fort Wayne. In obedience to this order, the Captain started from the fort with his forces ; but ^4*— ^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. fe. no sooner were they outside the walls than they were attacked by a large force of Indians, who took them prisoners and then proceeded to massacre them, killing thirty-eight out of the sixty-six soldiers, even some of the women and children, two of the former and twelve of the latter. Captain Wells, a white man who had been brought up among the Indians, but espoused the white man's cause, was killed in the massacre. January 3, 1814, Gen. Hull appeared before a court-martial at Albany, N. Y., where Gen. Dearborn was president. The accused made no objection to the con- stitution and jurisdiction of this court ; its sessions were protracted and every facility was given the accused to make his defense. The tliree charges ao-ainst him were treason, cowardice and neglect of duty. Hull was finally acquitted of the high crime of treason, but he was found guilty of the other charges, and sen- tenced to be shot ; but by reason of his services in the Revolution and his advanced age the court recommended him to the mercy of the President, who approved the sentence and dismissed Hull from the service. The accused wrote a long defense, in which he enumerates many tilings too tedious to relate here. Even before lie was sent to Detroit he was rather opposed to the policy of the Government toward the British of Canada; and, besides, he had been kindly treated by British ofiScers, who helped liim across the frontier. Again, the General Gov- ernment was unreasonably slow to inform the General of the declai-ation of war which had been made against Great Britain, and very slow to forward troops and supplies. Many things can be said on both sides ; but historians generally approve the judgment of the court in his case, as well as of the executive clemency of the President. perry's victory. The lake communication of Michigan with the East, having been in the hands of the British since Hull's surrender, was cut off by Com. Perry, who obtained a signal naval victory over the British on Lake Erie, September 10, 1813. The Commodore put his fleet at Erie, Pa., under great disadvantages. The bar at the mouth of the harbor would not pei-mit the vessels to pass out with their aruiament on board. For some time after the fleet was ready to sail, the British commodore continued to hover off the harbor, well knowing it must either remain there inac- tive or venture out with almost a certainty of defeat. During this blockade, Com. Perry had no alternative, but to ride at anchor at Erie ; but early in September the enemy relaxed his vigilance and withdrew to the upper end of the lake. Perry then slipped out beyond the bar and fitted his vessels for action. The British fleet opposed to Com. Perry consisted of the ships " Detroit," carrying nineteen guns ; the " Queen Charlotte," seventeen guns; the schooner " Lady Prevost," thirteen guns ; the brig " Hunter," ten guns; the sloop " Little Belt," three guns, and the HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. schooner " Chippewa," one gun and two swivels; and this fleet was commanded by a veteran ofEoer of tried skill and valor. At sunrise, September 10, while at anchor in Put-in-Bay, the Commodore espied the enemy toward the head of the lake, and he immediately sailed up and commencetl action. His flag vessel, the Lawrence, was engaged with the full force of the enemy for nearly two hours before the wind permitted the other vessels to come in proper position to help. The crew of this vessel continued the fight until every one of them was either killed or wounded, all the rigging torn to pieces and every gun dismantled. Now comes the daring feat of the engagement which makes Perry a hero. He caused his boat to be lowered, in which he rowed to the Niagara amid the storm of shot and shell raging around him. This vessel he sailed tlirough the enemy's fleet with swelling breeze, pouring in her broadsides upon their ships and forcing them to surrender in rapid succession, until all were taken. The smaller vessels of his fleet helped in this action, among which was one commanded by the brave and faithful Capt. Elliott. This victory was one of the most decisive in all the annals of American history. It opened the lake to Gen. Wni. H. Harrison, who had been operating in Indiana and Ohio, and who now crossed with his army to Canada, where he had a short campaign, terminated by the battle of the Morav- ian towns, by which the enemy were driven from the northwestern frontier. A detachment of his army occupied Detroit, September 20, 1813, and October 18, an armistice was concluded with the Indians, then restoring tranquility to the Terri- tory of Michigan. Soon afterward Gen. Harrison left Gen. Cass in command at Detroit and moved with the main body of his army down to the Niagara frontier. Perry's brilliant success gave to the Americans the uncontrolled command of the lake, and September 23, their fleet landed 1,200 men near Maiden. Col. Proc- tor, however, had previously evacuated that post, after setting fire to the fort and public storehouses. Commodore Perry in the meantime, passed up to Detroit with the " Ariel, " to assist in the occupation of that town, while Capt. Elliott, with the "Lady Prevost," the "Scorpion," and the "Tigress," advanced into Lake St. Clair to intercept the enemy's stores. Thus Gen. Harrison, on his arrival at Detroit and Maiden, found both places abandoned by the enemy, and was met by the Canadians asking for his protection. Tecumseh proposed to the British commander that they should hazard an engagement at Maiden ; but the latter foresaw that he should be exposed to the fire of the American fleet in that position, and therefore resolved to march to the Moravian towns upon the Thames, near St. Clair Lake, above Detroit, and there try the chance of a battle. His force at this time consisted of about 900 regular troops and 1,500 Indians, commanded by Tecumseh. The American army amounted to about 2,700 men, of whom 120 were regulars, a considerable number of militia, about thirty Indians, and the remainder Kentucky riflemen, well mount- .fv HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ed, and mainly young men, full of ardor, and burning with a desire to revenge the massacre of their friends and relatives at the River Raisin. During the following Winter, there were no military movements, except an incursion into the interior of the upper province, by Major Holmes, who was attacked near Stony Creek, and maintained his ground with bravery. CLOSE OF THE WAE. The war with Great Britain was now (November, 1813), practically closed, so far as the Northwest was concerned, the post at Mackinaw yet remained in the hands of the enemy, but active steps were taken to dispossess the English of this point and drive them wholly from the domain of the United States. The first effort to start an expedition failed ; but in the Summer of 1814, a well-equipped force of two sloops oi war, several schooners, and 750 land militia, under the com- mand of Commodore St. Clair and Lieut. Colonel Croghan, started for the north. Contrary, however, to the advice of experienced men, the commanders concluded to visit St. Joseph first, and the British, of Mackinaw, heard of t>heir coming, and prepared themselves. The consequence was a failure to take the place. Major Holmes was killed, and the Winnebago Indians, from Green Bay, allies of the British, actually cut out the hearts and liver from the American slain, and cooked and ate them ! Com. Sl. Clair afterward made some arrangements to starve out the post, but his vessels were captmed, and the British then remained secure in the possession of the place until the treaty of peace the following Winter. The war with England formally closed on December 24, 1814, when a treaty of peace was signed at Ghent. The ninth article of the treaty required the United States to put an end to hostilities with all tribes or nations of Indians with whom they had been at war ; to restore to such tribes or nations respectively all the rights and possessions to which they were entitled in 1811, before the war, on con- dition that such Indians should agree to desist from all hostilities against the United States. But in February, just before the treaty was sanctioned by our Government there were signs of Indians accumulating arms and ammunition, and a cautionary order was therefore issued to have all the white forces in readiness for an attack by the Indians, but the attack was not made. During the ensuing Summer and Fall, the United States Government acquainted the Indians with the provisions of the treaty and entered into subordinate treaties of peace with the principal tribes. Just before the treaty of Spring Wells (near Detroit) was signed, the Sha- wanee Prophet retired to Canada, declaring his resolution to abide by any treaty which the chiefs might sign. Some time afterward he returned to the Sha- wanee settlement in Ohio, and lastly to the west of the Mississippi, where he died in 1834. The British Government allowed him a pension from 1813 until his death. ,M^ — «- 63 HISTORY OP" MICHIGAN. THE TECUMSEH WAR. If one should inquire who has been the greatest Indian, tlie most noted, the " principal Indian." in North America since its discovery by Columbus, we would be obliged to answer, Tecumseh. For all those qualities that elevate a man far above his race ; for talent, tact, skill and bravery as a warrior ; for high-minded, honorable and chivalrous bearing as a man ; in a word, for all those elements of greatness which place him along way above his fellows in savage life, the name and fame of Tecumseh will go down to posterity in the West as one of the most cele- brated of the aborigines of this continent, — as one who had no equal among the tribes that dwelt in the country drained by the Mississippi. Born to command him- self, he used all the appliances that would stimulate the courage and nerve the valor of his followers. Always in the front rank of battle, his followers blindly followed his lead, and as his war-cry rang clear above the din and noise of the battle-field, the Shawnee warriors, as they rushed on to victory or the grave, rallied around him, forever worthy of the steel of the most gallant commander that ever entered tiie list in the defense of his altar or his home. The tribe to which Tecumseh, or Tecumtha, as some write it, belonged, was the Shawnee, or Shawanee. The tradition of the nation held that they originally came from the Gulf of Mexico ; that they wended their way up the Mississippi and the Ohio, and settled at or near the present site of the Shawneetown, 111., whence they removed to the upper Wabash. In the latter place, at any rate, they were found early in the 18th century, and were known as the " bravest of the brave." This tribe has uniformly been the bitter enemy of the white man, and in every contest with our people exhibited a degree of skill and strategy that should character- ize the most dangerous foe. Tecumseh's notoriety and that of his brother, the Prophet, mutually served to establish and strengthen each other. While the Prophet had unlimited power, spiritual and temporal, he distributed his greatness in all the departments of Indian life with a kind of fanaticism that magnetically aroused the religious and superstitious passions, not only of his own followers, but also of all the tribes in this part of the country ; but Tecumseh concentrated his greatness upon the more practical and business affairs of military conquest. It is doubted whether he was really a sincere believer in the pretensions of his fanatic brother; if he did not believe in the pretentious feature of them he had the shrewd- ness to keep his unbelief to himself, knowing that religious fanaticism was one of the strongest impulses to reckless bravery. During his sojourn in the Northwestern Territory, it was Tecumseh's upper- most desire of life to confederate all the Indian tribes of the country, against the whites, to maintain their choice hunting-grounds. All his public policy converged toward this single end. In his vast scheme he comprised even all the Indians in ,k HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. the Gulf country, — all in America west of the Alleghany mountains. He held, as a subordinate principle, that the Great Spirit had given the Indian race all these hunting-grounds to keep in common, and that no Indian or tribe could cede any portion of the land to the whites without consent of all the trices. Hence, in all his councils with the whites he ever maintained that the treaties were null and void. When he met Harrison at Vincennes in council the last time, and, as he was invited by the General to take a seat with him on the platform, he hesitated ; Har- rison insisted, saying that it was the " wish of their Great Father, the President of the United States that he should do so." The chief paused a moment, raised his tall and commanding form to its greatest height, surveyed the troops and crowd around him, lixed his keen eyes upon Gov. Harrison, and then turning them to the sky above, and pointing toward heaven with his sinewy arm in a manner indicative of supreme contempt for the paternity assigned him, said in clarion tones : " My Father ? The sun is my father, the earth is my mother, and on her bosom I will recline." He then stretched himself, with his warriors on the green sward. The effect was electrical, and for some moments there was perfect silence. The Governor, then, through an interpreter, told him that he understood that he had some complaints to make and redress to ask, etc., and that he wished to investigate the matter and make restitution whenever it might be decided it should be done. As soon as the Governor was through with this introductory speech, the stately warrior arose, tall, athletic, manly, dignified and graceful, and with a voice at first low, but distinct and musical, commenced a reply. As he warmed up with his subject his clear tones might be heard, as if " trumpet-tongued," to the utmost limits of the assembly — tlie most perfect silence prevailed, except when his warriors gave their guttural assent to some eloquent recital of the red-men's wrong and the white man's injustice. Tecumseh recited the wrongs whicli his race had suffered from the time of the massacre of the Moravian Indians to the present ; said he did not know how he ever again could be the friend of the white man ; that the Great Spirit had given to the Indian all the land from the Miami to the Mississippi, and from the lakes to the Ohio, as a common property to all the tribes in these borders, and that the land could not and should not be sold without the consent of all ; that all the tribes on the continent formed but one nation ; that if the United States would not give up the lands they had bought of the Miamis and the other tribes, those united with him were determined to annihilate those tribes; that they were determined to have no more chiefs, but in future to be governed by their war- riors ; that unless the whites ceased their encroachments upon Indian lands, the fate of the Indians was sealed ; they had been driven from the banks of the Dela- ware across the Alleghanies, and their possessions on the Wabash and the Illinois HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. were now to be taken from tliem ; that in a few years the}' would not have ground enough to buiy their warriors on tliis side of " Father of Waters ; " that all would perish, all their possessions taken from tliem by fraud or force, unless tliey stopped the progress of the white man westward ; that it must be a war of races in wliich one or the other must perish ; that their tribes had been driven toward the setting sun like a galloping horse (ne-kat-a-kush-e-ka-top-o-lin-to). The Sliawnee language, in which this most eminent Indian statesman spoke, excelled all other aboriginal tongues in its musical articulation ; and the effect of Tecumseh's oratory on this occasion can be more easily imagined than described. Gov. Harrison, altliougli as brave a soldier and general as any American, was over- come by his speech. He well knew Tecumseh's power and influence among all the tribes, knew his bravery, courage and determination, and knew that he meant what he said. Wiien Tecuraseh was done speaking there was a stillness throughout the assembly which was really painful ; not a whisper was heard, and all eyes were turned from the speaker toward Gov. Harrison, who after a few moments came to himself, and recollecting many of the absurd statements of the great Indian orator, began a reply which was more logical, if not so eloquent. The Shawnees were attentive until Harrison's interpreter began to translate his speech to the Miamis and Pottawatomies, when Tecumseh and his warriors sprang to their feet, brand- ishing their war-clubs and tomahawks. " Tell him," said Tecumseh, addressing the interpreter in Shawnee, " he lies." The interpreter undertook to convey this message to the Governor in smootlier language, but Tecumseh noticed the effort and remonstrated, " No, no; tell him he lies." The warriors began to grow more excited, when Secretary Gibson ordered the American troops in arms to advance. This allaj-ed the rising storm, and as soon as Tecumseli's " He lies" was literally interpreted to the Governor, the latter told the interpreter to tell Tecumseh he would hold no further council with liim. Thus the assembly was broken up, and one can hardly imagine a more exciting scene. It would constitute the finest subject for a historical painting to adorn the rotunda of the capitol. The next day Tecumseh requested another interview with the Governor, which was granted on condition that he should make an apology to the Governor for his language the day before. This he made through the inter- preter. Measures for defense and protection were taken, however, lest there should be another outbreak. Two companies of militia were ordered from the country, and the one in town added to them, while the Governor and his friends went into council fully armed and prepared for any contingency. On this occasion the con- duct of Tecumseh was entirely different from that of the day before. Firm and intrepid, showing not the slightest fear or alarm, surrounded with a military force four times his own, he preserved the utmost composure and equanimity. None •■C i HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. would have supposed that he could have been the principal actor in the thrilling scene of the previous day. He claimed that half the Americans were in sympathy with him. He also said that whites had informed him that Gov. Harrison had purchased land from tlie Indians without any authority from the Government ; that he, Harrison, had but two years more to remain in office, and that if he, Tecumseh, could prevail upon the Indians who sold the lands not to receive their annuities for that time, and the present Governor displaced by a good man as his successor, the latter would restore to the Indians all tlie lands purchased from them. The Wyan- dots, Kickapoos, Pottawattomies, Ottawas and the Winnebagoes, through their respective spokesmen, declared their adherence to the great Shawnee warrior and statesman. Gov. Harrison then told them that he would send Tecumseh's speech to the President of the United States and return the answer to the Indians as soon as it was received. Tecumseh then declared that he and his allies were determined that the old boundary line should continue ; and that if the whites crossed it, it would be at their peril. Gov. Harrison replied that he would be equally plain with him and state that the President would never allow that the lands on the Wabash were the property of any other tribes than those who had occupied them since the white people first came to America ; and as the title to the lands lately purchased was derived from those tribes by a late purchase, he might rest assured that the right of the United States would be supported by the sword. " So be it " was the stern and haughty reply of the Shawnee chieftain, as he and his braves took leave of the Governor and wended their way in Indian file to their camping ground. Thus ended the last conference on earth by the chivalrous Tecumseli and the hero of the battle of Tippecanoe. The bones of the first lie bleaching on the battlefield of the Thames, and those of the last in a mausoleum on the banks of the Ohio ; each struggled for the mastery of his race, and each no doubt was equally honest and patriotic in his purposes. The weak yielded to the strong, the defenseless to the powerful, and the hunting-ground of the Shawnee is all occupied by his enemy. Tecumseh, with four of his braves, immediately embarked in a birch canoe, descended the Wabash, and went on to the South to unite the tribes of that country in a general system of self-defense against the encroachment of the whites. His emblem was a disjointed snake, with the motto " Join or die ! " In union alone was strength. Before Tecumseh left the Prophet's town at the mouth of the Tippecanoe River, on his excursion to the South, he had a definite understanding with his brother and the chieftains of the other tribes in the Wabash country, that they should preserve perfect peace with the whites until his arrangements were completed for a con- federacy of the tribes on both sides of the Ohio and on the Mississippi River ; but 5 >fv* HISTORY OF MIcrilGAN. it seems that while he was in the Soutli engaged in his work of uniting the tribes of that country some of the Northern tribes showed signs of fight and precipitated Harrison into that campaign which ended in the battle of Tippecanoe, and the total rout of the Indians. Tecumseh, on his return from tlie South, learning what had happened, was overcome with chagrin, disappointment, and anger, and accused his brother of duplicity and cowardice ; indeed, it is said, he never forgave him to the day of his death. A short time afterward, on the breaking out of the war with Great Britain, he joined Proctor, at Maiden, with a party of his warriors, and was killed at the battle of the Thames, October 5, 1813, by a Mr. Wheatl}', as we are positively informed by Mr. A. J. James, now a resident of La Harpe township, Hancock County, Illinois, whose father-in-law, John Pigman, of Coshocton County, Ohio, was an eye-witness. Gen. Johnson has generally had the credit of killing Tecumseh. THE BLACK HAWK WAR. The excitement which this war caused throughout the settlements of Michigan was such as would appear incomprehensible at the present time. Macomb County was no exception to the general rule, although her French citizens maintained a dignified equanimity. On the mor-ing of May 10, 1832, the news of Black Hawk's advance reached Col. J. D. Davis' camp at Plymouth, and was carried thence into the homes of Macomb by a dozen of busy gossijjers. At each village the number of Indians was increased by these faithful couriers until, at length, when the news reached Mt. Clemens, it was to the effect that Black Hawk and 80,000 warriors were encamped at that moment on Pigeon Prairie. The men liable to military service in the county were called out, but on learn- ing that the seat of war was several hundred miles west, that the rejjorts were entirely exaggerated ; that the Sacs and Foxes were scattered or slain, then, and only then did the white warriors of Macomb return to their homes. THE TOLEDO WAR. The convention to form a State Constitution met on the second Monday in May, 1835, in the city of Detroit, performing their duties and adjourning the '24th of the same month. In giving their boundaries they made the southern the same as recognized by the ordinance of 1787, and as understood when the Territory was formed. The constitution framed by the convention was submitted to the people and by them approved, after which it was sent to Congress for its action, not doubting but Michigan would be admitted as a State as soon as Con- gress assembled. To this boundary Ohio entered her protest by her delegation in Congress, and ■^s i- HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. by her State Legislature and Executive, and at once organized her civil powers through and over the disputed territory, which was about six miles wide on the Indiana line, and eight or nine miles at the INIauraee River. Congress rejected the application on the 15th of June, 1836, and submitted a proposition to the people of the Territory July 25 of the same j^ear, fixing the southern boundary where it now is, and in consideration therefor the following grants were to be made: 1st. Section 16 of every township for the use of schools. 2d. Seventy-two sections for a State University. 3d. Five sections to build a State Capitol. 4th. Twelve salt springs, with six sections of land to each, for the general uses of the Territory. 5th. Five per cent, of net proceeds of public lands, when sold, for public roads and canals. 6th. Alteration of northern boundaries so as to include the upper peninsula. While this question of boundary was pending in Congress, great excitement sprang up among the people on both sides, so great, indeed, as to lead to what was known as the Toledo War. To get a clear insight into the ways and methods by which the first pioneers of the country managed questions affecting their local interests, we can do no bet- ter than to adopt, in these pages, the story of each participant, and from these draw our own conclusions as to the right. Michigan says: The approachino- organization of the State Government invested the disputed question with pressing importance, and hostilities on the disputed territory soon became active. In Feb- ruary, 1835, the Legislature of Ohio passed an act extending the jurisdiction of that State over the territory in question, organized townships and directed them to elect officers in April following. It also directed Gov. Lucas to appoint three commissioners to survey and re-mark the Harris line, and named April 1 as the time when the work should commence. Gov. Mason anticipated this action of the Ohio Legislature by an act of the Legislative Council making it a criminal offense, punishable by a heavy fine, or by imprisonment, for any one to attempt to exercise any official functions, or to accept any office witliin the jurisdiction of the Territory of Michigan by virtue of any authority not derived from said Territory or from the United States. Gov. Mason directed Gen. Brown, then in command of the militia of the Territory, to hold himself in readiness to take the field should Ohio attempt to carry out the instructions of her Legislature. On the 31st of March, Governor Lucas, with liis commissioners, and Gen. Bell of tlie Ohio militia, arrived at Perrys- burg,on their way to commence the survey and re-marking of the Harris line. Here they proceeded to muster a force of 600 volunteers, who were organized and went into camp at Fort Miami to await the Governor's orders. C8 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. In the meantime Gov. Mason with Gen. Brown had raised a force from eight to twelve hundred strong, and were in possession of Toledo. When Gov. Lucas observed the determined bearing of the Michigan braves, and took note of tlieir numbers, he found it convenient to content himself for a time " with watching over the border." Several days were passed in this exhilarating employment, and just when he had made up his mind to do something rash, two Commissioners arrived from Washington, on a mission of peace. Tiiey remonstrated with Gov. Lucas and reminded him of the consequences to himself and State if he attempted to gain possession by force. After several conferences with both Governors the Commis- sioners submitted the following propositions for their consideration : 1st. That the Harris line should be run and re-marked pursuant to the act of the Legislature of Ohio, without interruption. 2d. The civil elections under the laws of Ohio hav- ing taken place throughout the disputed territory, the people therein should be left to their own government, obeying the one jurisdiction or the other as they might prefer, without molestation from either side until tlie close of the next session of Congress. Gov. Lucas accepted the proposition at once, and disbanded his forces, regard- ing the proposition as coming from the President, through tlie Commissioners, and under his control. Gov. Mason, on the other hand, refused to accede to the arrangements, declined to compromise rights or surrender jurisdistion, but partially disbanded his forces, holding a sufficient number in readiness to meet any emei'- gency that might arise. Gov. Lucas now supposed his way clear, and that he could re-mark the Harris line without molestation, and he accordingly ordered the Commissioners to proceed with the work. In the 'meanwhile President Jackson had referred the matter to Attorney General Butler, as to his authority over tlie contending parties, and tlie validity of the act of the Ohio Legislature and the act of the Legislative Council under which the respective parties were claiming authority. The report of the Attorney General was decidedly in favor of Micliigan. The weak point in Ohio's claim was a violation of the act of 1805 creating that Terri- tory, and in subsequent acts passed for her government. Notwithstanding this. Gov. Lucas proceeded to run the line, commencing at the northwest corner of the disputed tract. Gov. Mason and Gen. Brown had kept a watchful eye, and when the surveying party got within the county of Lucas, tlie under-sheriff of that county, armed with a warrant, and supported by a posse, sud- denly made his appearance and succeeded in arresting a portion of the party. The rest, including the Commissioners, took to their heels and were soon beyond the disputed territory. Arriving at Perrysburg, they reported their valor and escape from the overwhelming attack of Gen. Brown, and their missing comrades all ^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. killed or taken prisoners, to Gov. Lucas, he in turn reporting to the President. The President thereupon sent a copy to Gov. Mason, and asked for a state- ment of facts from the ofScers engaged in the transaction. Accordingly, the under- sheriff made a very amusing report, setting forth the fact that it was a civil process, issued by a Justice of the Peace, that under it he had arrested nine persons, without bloodshed or trouble, and closing with the statement that the Commissioners had made very good time, that they had reached Perrysburg with nothing more serious than the loss of hats and their clothing, like Gov. Marcy's breeches, without the patch. This summary breaking up of the surveying party created intense excitement throughout Ohio. An extra session of the Legislature was called, a law was passed against the abduction of any of her citizens, making it a penal offense punishable by not less than three nor more than seven years in the penitentiary. They also passed an act organizing the county of Lucas, fixing the county -seat at Toledo, and directing the court for the county to be held at any convenient house therein. They accepted the propositions of the President's Commissio!iers, and made an appropriation of #600,000 to carry these laws into effect over the disputed ter- ritory. It was evident that Ohio was aroused — that her State pride had been wounded. The idea that the young Territory of Michigan, with her stripling Governor, should successfully defy the great State of Ohio, with a million of inhabitants and her aged Governor, was one that the people could not endure with patience or equanimitv. In the meantime the authorities of Michigan were active in sustaining their authority on the disputed ground. Prosecutions for holding office under Ohio were conducted with great vigor ; for a long time the people of Monroe county were kept busy assisting the sheriff in executing his jjrocesses and making arrests in Toledo. Suit after suit was commenced, and each was the breeder of a score of others. The officers of Ohio made feeble attempts to retaliate, but were generally unsuccessful. Sometimes these arrests were attended with danger, al- ways with great difiSculty. An instance is related of Major Stickney's arrest, which created great amusement at the time. He and his family fought valiantly, but were overpowered by numbers. He was requested to mount a horse, but flatly refused. He was put on by force, but he would not sit there. Finally, two men were detailed to walk beside him and hold his legs, while a third led the horse. After making half the distance in this way, they tied his legs under the horse and thus got him in jail. An attempt was made to arrest his son. Two Stickney. A scuffle ensued, in which the officer was stabbed with a knife, but the wound did not prove dangerous, and it is believed that this was the only blood shed during the war. The officer let go his hold, and Stickney fled to Ohio. He was indicted V^ A HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. by the grand jury of Monroe County, and a requisition was made on the Governer of Ohio for his rendition, but the Governor refused to give him up. On one occasion an officer attempted to arrest a man in the night. Tlie man had but a moment's warning, and sought safety in flight. He reached the Maumee River, threw himself on a saw log, and with hands and feet paddled him- self in safety to the other shore. A very pious man was elected a justice of the peace, and fled to the woods, where he lived many days in a sugar shanty. It was currently reported, and generally believed by the Ohio partisans, that a miracle had been wrought in his behalf, — that "robin red-breasts" brought him his daily food and drink. The belief in this miracle strengthened the cause of Ohio in many quarters very mate- rially. The report of the stabbing by Two Stickney and the statement that Gov. Lucas was protecting him made great impression on the mind of the President. Both sides were becoming more importunate, and after investigating the difficulties fully he recommended to Gov. Mason that no obstruction should be made to the re-marking of the Harris line, that all prosecutions under the Territorial act of February' should be discontinued, and no others commenced until the next session of Congress. This recommendation had no effect on Gov. Mason. He was deter- mined to protect his Territory and her jurisdiction at all hazards. Prosecutions went on as before. When the President became aware of this he superseded Gov. Mason as Secretary of Michigan, and appointed Charles Shaler, of Pennsylvania, as liis successor. He also advised Gov. Lucas to refrain from any jurisdiction over the Territory pending the action of Congress. This check by the President was a great blow to Gov. Lucas. The eyes of the country were upon him, and he felt it incumbent on him to perform some act of jurisdiction in order to save himself from the imputation of having backed down. A happy thought struck him at an oppor- tune moment. The Legislature of Ohio had organized a county and ordered court to be held at Toledo on the 7th of September. To hold this court in the face and eyes of the military force of Gov. Mason and the recommendation of the President to abstain therefrom would be a grand achievement, — an act of jurisdiction greater than the re-marking of the Harris line. With him this was the thing to be done, and calling to his aid the Adjutant General of the State, they devised a plan, and it was put into his hands to manage. He called out a regiment to protect the judges in the discharge of their duty. The judges met on Sunday, tlie 6tli of Sep- tember, at Maumee, a few miles from Toledo. They were to proceed to Toledo the next morning, under the escort that had been provided for them, and hold court. Some time during the evening a scout who had been sent out by the colonel of the regiment returned from Toledo and reported that 1,200 men under command of '^ s r- "T ®pV~ V T 'i^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. Gen. Brown, were in Toledo ready to demolish court, soldiers and all, in case of an attempt to open it. This report turned out to be false, but it immediately subdued all the valor of the judges, as well as that of the regiment that was to escort them. But it would not do to back out, — the honor and the dignity of the State must be main- tained ; besides, they would be laughed if they did not hold court. But the judges hesitated at undertaking so daring an exploit. The colonel of the regiment finally came to the Governor's assistance. He upbraided the judges for their cowardice and hesitation, and proposed to take the honor of the State into his own keeping. Stepping in front of his regiment, he called for volunteers for a hazardous under- taking. A few brave men answered the call. The trembling judges placed them- selves under the charge of this " forlorn hope," and at three o'clock on Monday morning, Sept. 7. 1835, they sneaked into Toledo, hunted up a school-house, held court about two minutes, and then ran for dear life back to Maumee. Thus did the State of Ohio triumph over her enemies. Thus did her patriotic sons sustain her dignity. Thus did her brave soldiers throw themselves in tlie imminent and deadlj' breach. It is needless to say that Gov. Mason and Geu. Brown were surprised and chagrined. They had an ample force within i-each to prevent the holding of a court, as courts are generallj^ held, but they were unacquainted with Ohio legal practice, and did not look for midnight tribunals held in dark school-rooms or out- houses. But little remains to be said in reference to the war. A volume might be written relating to the incidents of that bloodless struggle and the story of the pri- vations endured by the citizen soldiers, — privations which were relieved by raids on hen-coops, melon patches, and potato fields. The ludicrous incidents, the hair- breadth escapes, by field and flood, would be interesting to many, but space forbids more. Ohio says : This fired the heart of the young Governor, Stevens T. Mason ; his loyalty and zeal would not brook such an insult. The militia at his disposal was called early into requisition early in the Spring of 1835. They were first put upon the trail of the commissioners, and actually routed them and took several of the party prisoners, on the line some ten miles east of Morenci. These they held for a few days, then discharged some on parole and others on bail, to answer in the dis- trict court. But the end was not yet. A majority of those living on the disputed terri- tory, in Monroe County, were late emigrants from Ohio and Pennsylvania, and they were thoroughly impressed with the importance to them of being a part of Ohio. The port of Toledo was just opening to tlie traffic of the lakes ; the States of Ohio and Indiana were ready to bring in the Wabash Canal, provided it could tap the 7t^ ^1 i HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. lake on Ohio's soil ; and, besides, Ohio was already quite an old State, and would be able to develop the territory mucli quicker, — that in fact the territorial interest was all centred at Detroit, and Toledo, if it remained to Michigan, would only be a dependency paying tribute. With these sentiments prevailing, the Governor of Ohio was induced to put in force the laws of the State. Proclamation was issued giving boundaries to towns and counties, and for the election of civil officers. Tlie elections were held, officers were chosen, and they assumed their duties. The militia was organized and commenced drilling. In short, we had two active and efficient governments, each striving to excel, and, as may be naturally inferred, the relations between them were not of a very friendly character, — the one acting as informers to Gov. Mason, the other mostly engaged in procuring bail to be relieved from arrests, preferring to have their transgressions settled by the courts of the country to an open and violent conflict of arms. Tlie Governor's quick, impulsive nature would brook this double- entendre no longer. The General Government did not respond to his call. Ohio would not stop at his bidding. The subjects were disloyal and refractory in their every act. Therefore, it become him as Governor to put a quietus on the whole difficulty. Ac- cordingly, he called out the militia of the Territory, to the number of about 1,500 strong, early in the month of September, 1835, to prevent any further inroads upon the territory in dispute, and particularly to prevent the holding of circuit court in Lucas County, which had just been organized, with Toledo as the county seat, where the first session of the court was appointed to be held. This call was responded to readily in many parts of the Territory, a very few perhaps from this county. They rendezvoused in Monroe County, and thence marched to Tremainsville, on the afternoon before the court was to convene, where they bivouacked for the night. They were here three miles out from the objective point, and much hard work was to be done in a very short time to meet the emergencies of the morrow, for an army was to be organized out of the mate- rial presented. Upon inspection it was found that some had muskets, others had clubs, but most had trusty rifles. These were assigned to companies and battalions, and in the morning marshaled for inspection by the commander-in-chief. They were by him pronounced '■'•aufait" and ordered to march to the scene of the conflict. In entering the city they actually marched by the door where the court " of which they were in search" was in full operation, without knowing it. They had expected to find it guarded by an army that would be worthy of their steel. But where ? oh, where could they be '( They certainly could not be in Toledo, for the great army of our noble commander-in-chief covered the whole city and some of its IP '^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. suburbs. There could be but one conclusion. They had of course hied them- selves to the spot whence they came, and must be now on their way through the defiles of the black swamp. A council of war was held ; the surroundings looked dark ; they had come for blood and without it there could be no remission, the enemy having ignobly fled the field. The usages of war would therefore make their way clear, and reprisals would be in order. If they would not let the issue be decided by force of arms, they could expect nothing less, and must abide by these rules which had been recognized by all nations from time immemorial. In tliis strait, it did not take our brave commander long to decide. His forces were soon marshaled, formed in two battalions, the one ordered to make reprisals on the cellars and larders of the inhabitants, the others to move upon the magazines and commissary of the enemy, that a wag had informed them were stored in a barn owned b}" Piatt Card, known as one of the moving spirits in the rebellion, and who was then under bonds to answer for what he had heretofore done in in- citing it. This last work was not to be trusted to raw recruits, or committed to an in- ferior ofiBcer ; it was virtually the conquering of an army, and then who knew how strongly it was guarded within, or what migiit be the dangers of an approach. Ti)at the work might be quick and effectual it was decided that our brave commander should lead the fray. In reconnoitering the premises, all was still ; yet there were certain holes in the walls, reminding them of the port-holes in ancient forts, and in which they fancied they saw grim messengers of death staring them boldly in the face. This could be endured no longer; the order was quickly given and a broad-side was poured into the pine siding of the barn, — a thud, a groan, followed by a few thumps, and all was still as death. Approaches were made stealthily and cautiously until they reached the door, which obe3'ed the mandate of the hand and readily swunn- on its hinges. To the surprise of our noble commander and his comrades in arms, they found they had captured a very fine hoi-se, as the warm blood flowin"- from many bullet-holes attested. They had come for blood as a sacrifice to sprinkle the altar of their loyalty and devotion to their country, and who at this late day will deny that they found it? Returning to headquarters it was found that the other battalion had made a very successful raid, especially in the line of Major Stickney's wine-cellar, and from some others, that gave a more exhilarating beverage, sufficient was obtained with which to soften and wash down the hard army biscuit, of which it may be inferred their knapsacks contained an ample supply. Night approaching, each drew his cloak around him and gave himself to pleasant dreams over the experiences and es- capes of the last twelve hours. A HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. On the following morning an order was issued from tlie Governor disbanding the forces, allowing each to find his way home as best he could. Thus ended the great Toledo war, and all strife on the disputed tract. Looking at this question at a later day, when all had become calm and serene, we can discover little occasion for either partj' to get up and shake themselves like young lions. It was a matter that belonged entirely to Congress. If they had been so imprudent as to let Ohio in her boundaries embrace territory to which she had no claim, it was her duty, and justice required her to correct the error. That it was an error on the part of the National Legislature to allow Ohio to assume the functions and duties of a State, merely from her enabling act, without submitting her constitution for inspection and approval, none will doubt. That the Territorial officers were hasty and inconsiderate in their action, assuming responsibilities that did not belong to them, few question. That the final adjustment of the whole ques- tion between the parties has resulted to the benefit of each, and especially to Mich- igan, all cheerfull}' admit. In this war many of the old settlers of Macomb participated. Fortunately, the old soldiers of the young State lost little or no blood, and all were permitted to re- turn to their homes in peace. THE PATRIOT WAR. It will be remembered by the pioneers of Michigan, and not only by them, but by all others, of that time along the frontier line between the United States and Canada, that during the Winter of 1837-38, occurred what was known as the " Patriotic War." The object of this war was understood to be a revolution that should separate the British possessions of Canada from the mother country that they might erect themselves into sovereign and independent States. In consequence of the financial crash and hard times then prevailing there were many adventurous, reckless and idle persons in the States who took part with the Patriots. The anxiety that grew out of our Revolutionary war and the war of 1812, toward the British, may have slumbered, but was not forgotten, and it took but little to awaken that old feeling. It was revived along the whole length of the frontier, and was not confined to our side only ; it was fully reciprocated by our loyal neighbors. At that time, as it may be now, there were many half-pay English military officers who would have hailed a war between the United States and Eng- land as a God-send to them ; for in that event they would be restored to active service on full pay and stand their chances for promotion. The hostile feeling had reached such a degree of intensity that General Scott was ordered to the frontier with troops. The steamer Carolina, that was supposed to be in the service of the Patriots, was captured in the Niagara River by the British forces, and sent over the falls and it was supposed with part of tlie crew on board. The Patriots had at that -^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. time a considerable force on Navy Island. A rocket brigade was stationed at Windsor. Occasional musket shots were fired from Windsor into Detroit, and a correspondence was opened between the authorities on each side with a view to stop this recklessness. The late Adjutant-General John E. Schwartz conducted tlie correspondence on the part of Micliigan. He read it to the writer of this paper. About this time, I visited Detroit, stopping at the National Hotel, as the Russell House was then called, and before I had time to warm myself I met Col. Smith, then a member of the Legislature, from Monroe County, who invited me into the back parlor, where I met Gov. Mason, who ordered me back to Ann Arbor to raise a company of militia and report to Col. Smith who was then under orders from the Governor to march down the Detroit river and break up the encampment of Patriots in the neighborhood of Gibraltar, a small village near the mouth of the river, and drive them away. I had also an order, addressed to the late Col. Slin- gerland, to muster his (the 5th) regiment from which to recruit my company by volunteers, if possible, or by draft. The Colonel issued his orders and did his duty, but so strong Vk'as the sympathy in favor of the Patriots and against the English, that not over thirty men out of about 600 composing the regiment obeyed the Colonel's order. Of course I was obliged to report my inability to report the com- pany ordered. My recollection is that Colonel Smith made a similar report and the encampment remained undisturbed. Gen. Ed. Clark states, that " the leaders of the Patriots had organized a secret society known as Hunters, with lodges in every village along the frontier. They had their secret signs, grips and pass-words, and were sworn to secrecy. A large proportion of the able-bodied men were Hunters, that is, members of hunters' lodges. I mention these facts to show the state of public feeling with regard to the Patriot war and the reason that Gov. Mason could not furnish the necessary force to march on the Patriot encamp- ment and disperse the force there encamped. Before the close of navigation an expedition was organized by Brigadier General Theller, of the Patriot service, for the purpose of capturing Fort Maiden. He embarked in the sloop Ann, and when she arrived off the fort was fired into and her rigging so cut up that she became unmanageable and drifted ashore. The General and Colonel Dodge and the crew were taken prisoners. That Winter a landing of a Patriot force was made on the Canada shore above Windsor, and a battle fought which proved disastrous to the invaders. Another battle was fought at Point au Pelee, where tlie Patriots were victors. From these facts it can be seen that the magaziue was ready and needed but a spark to explode it — that is, to involve the country in war. When these events were taking place, but before the fight at Point au Pelee, General Sutherland, of the Patriot army, made his appearance at Ann Arbor in full uniform and posted hand-bills notifying the public that he would address them at V^ ^^ HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. the court-house on the subject of the Patriot war. Tlie court-room was filled and the General was listened to with respect and attention. Before the meeting dis- persed a committee was appointed to wait on ilie General at his quarters, to confer with him. Tlie writer was one of that committee. The committee called on the General that evening at his room, and spent an hour or two with him. From Ann Arbor he went to Manchester to address the good people of that village. His ob- ject was to get men and means to carry on the war. A short time afterward I received a package of papers from the General. Among them were enlistment rolls and along letter. He wished me to join the Patriot army and raise a battalion of men for the Patriot service, but ostensibly as volunteer militia, hold elections for commissioned officers as directed by tlie militia laws of Michigan, and apply to Gov. Mason for commissions. He said that as I was a personal and political friend of the Governor there would be no difficulty in getting the commissions. This accomplished, I was to put myself and battalion under the orders of the General, and as soon as the Detroit River was frozen over so as to make a passage safe, he would give me an order for arms, ammunitions, blankets, etc., and he would direct when and where the invasion should take place. I confess to a complete surprise — more, I was astonished. We were almost entire strangers to each other ; we had never met except at Ann Arbor, and then only for an hour or two, and knew nothing of each other's antecedents. During the visit of the committee at the General's room I endeavored to draw him into a conversation upon military subjects, tactics, his- tory, etc., but he evaded it, and I formed a small opinion of his military capacity or knowledge. And when he divulged to me, an almost entire stranger, his plan of operations, I lost confidence in him as a military leader. I remembered of reading an anecdote of Washington who was asked by an intimate friend and true Whig what his plan of campaign was. Washington asked, "Can you keep a secret? " " Yes, General." " So can I," was the response. Wiien the legislative committee visited General Jackson and demanded of him his plan for the defense of New Orleans, he raised a lock of hair from his head and said, " Gentleman, if I supposed this lock of hair knew what was passing in my brain on that subject, I would cut it off and burn it." I have described the feeling along the dividing line between the States and Canada. I remember that Sutherland said tliat one of his principal objects was to involve the two countries in war with each other. Doing this he would attain the height of his ambition. I believe there would have been but little difficulty in raising the number of men to fill the four companies required, and it seemed plain to me, that after receiving our commissions, and before the ink of the Governor's signa- ture was fairly dry on them, Sutherland would have ordered a forward movement at a place where we would have been met by an overwhelming force and been compelled HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. to surrender. I could come to no other conclusion than that Sutherland was false to tlie cause he pretended to espouse. If we had been taken prisoners, of course we would have claimed the treatment of prisoners of war. This may have been ac- corded to us in consideration of our commissions and we not have been hanged as Cunningham, Linn, Lount and others were. If the invasion had taken ^ilace, that might have been regarded by our Canadian neighbors as a commencement of hos- tilities on the part of the United States, and as a sufficient justification for the Rocket Brigade to open on Detroit and burn it. At that time there were no troops tliere except the Brady Guards, an excellent company of volunteer militia of less than 100 men. What the consequences would have been if Sutherland's order had been obeyed others may infer. I remembered that Sutherland told me that he had called meetings and made speeches through Oakland County as he had in Washte- naw. My duty seemed plain and simple, and I lost no time in going to Detroit with this package of papers. I found the Governor in his office in the old capitol, and as soon as we were left alone I told him my errand and laid the papers before him. He read them attentively and arose from his chair and walked the office for some minutes without uttering a word. It was plain to be seen that a storm was brewing. At length it burst out in language more forcible than polite, too forcible for me to repeat in this paper. My impression was that if Sutherland had been present he would have felt the weight of the Governor's arm. A more angry man I have sel- dom seen. After the engagement at Point au Pelee occurred, Sutherland, under the pretense of joining the victorious patriots at the Point, attempted to pass Fort Maiden with a horse and cutter on the ice and was captured by some of the garrison of the fort which he probably intended to be, and with Theller and Col. Dodge was held as a prisoner until the Spring opened, when the three were taken to Quebec and con- fined in a cell in one of the fortresses there. Theller and Dodge made their escape from the prison, and, after returning, Theller told me that on their journey down, which was by private conveyance (there were no railroads then), he and Dodge were confined in jails nights, but Sutherland was entertained at hotels. On reaching their prison, the three were shut up in the same cell for awhile, but so strong were their impressions that Sutherland was in British pay and a traitor to the Patriot cause that they laid plans to get rid of him. They believed him a spy on them ; they found him a coward and so worked upon his fears until he was removed. Af- ter Tlieller and Dodge had the cell to themselves, they applied themselves to work and effected their escape and returned to Michigan. The Canadian struggle for national independence was unsuccessful. Another expedition was planned at Detroit for the capture of Fort Maiden, and was to sail from that city under the command of a general from Cleveland. It had been ascertained that the garrison was lodged in the Queen's warehouse at the 78 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. foot of the wharf, and the officers quartered at hotels in tlie village of Amherst- burg, and that at niglit there was but a small force on guard at the fort. Three steamboats were to be employed, and when they arrived off the fort one boat was to lay across the head of the wharf, and the other two, one on each side ; one party should march directly to the fort and take it ; the second should capture the gar- rison in the warehouse ; and the third should capture the officers. This was to be done in the niglit. And however feasible the plan was, it was hinted that the General lacked tlie nerve to undertake it. It was like the cause, a failure. After the escape of Tiieller and Dodge, Sutherland was set at liberty, without trial and without punishment. THE MEXICAN WAR. There are few records extant of tlie action of Michigan troops in the Mexican war. That many went there and fought well, are points conceded ; but their names and country of nativity are hidden away in United States archives where it is almost impossible to find them. The soldiers of this State deserve much of the credit of the memorable achieve- ments of Co. K, Third Dragoons, and Co.'s A, E and G of the U. S. Infantry. The former two of these companies, recruited in this State, were reduced to one-third their original number. In May, 1846, our Governor was notified by the War Department of the United States to enroll a regiment of volunteers, to be held in readiness for service whenever demanded. At this summons, thirteen independent volunteer comjianies, eleven of infantry and two of cavalry, at once fell into line. Of the infantry, four companies were from Detroit, bearing the honored names of Montgomery, Lafay- ette, Scott, and Brady upon their banners. Of the remainder Monroe tendered two, Lenawee County three, St. Clair, Berrien and Hillsdale each one, and Wayne County an additional company. Of these alone the veteran Bradys were accepted and ordered into service. In addition to these, ten companies, making the First Regiment of Michigan Volunteers, springing from various parts of the State, but embodying to a great degree the material of which the first volunteers was formed, were not called for until October following. This regiment was soon in readiness and proceeded to the seat of war. THE WAR OF 1861-65. As soon as the President called for troops to suppress the Rebellion in April, 1861, the loyal people of the Peninsular State promptly responded and furnished the quota assigned. Austin Blair, a man peculiarl}' fitted for the place during the emergency, was Governor, and Jolin Robertson, Adjutant-General. The people of Michigan have ever since been proud of the record of these two men during the ^^ HISTORY OF MICIITGAN. war, but this does not exclude the honor due all the humble soklierywho obediently exposed their lives in defense of the common country. Michigan has her full share of the buried dead in obscure and forgotten places all over the South as well as in decent cemeteries throughout the North. It was Michigan men that captured Jeff Davis, namely : the 4th Cavalry, under Col. B. F. Pritchard ; and it was Michigan men that materially aided in the successful capture of Wilkes Booth, the assassin of the martyred Lincoln. The census of this State for 1860 showed a population of 751,110. The num- ber of able-bodied men capable of military service was estimated in official documents of that date at 110,000. At the same time the financial embarrassment of the State was somewhat serious, and the annual tax of •'1226, "250 was deemed a grievous burden. But such was the patriotism of the people that by December 2:5, 1862, an aggregate of 45,569 had gone to battle, besides 1,400 who had gone into other States and re- cruited. By the end of the war Michigan had sent to the front 90,747, or more than four-fifths the estimated number of able-bodied men at the beginning ! The military history of the county deals very fully with this subject. CHAPTER VI. POLITICAL HISTORY. Previous to the formation of the Northwestern Territory, the country within its bounds was claimed by several of the Eastern States, on the ground that it was within the limits indicated by their charters from the English Crown. In answer to the wishes of the Government and people, these States in a patriotic spirit sur- rendered their claims to this extensive territory, that it might constitute a common fund to aid in the payment of the national debt. To prepare the way for this ces- sion, a law had been passed in October, 1780, that the territory so to be ceded should be disposed of for the common benefit of the whole Union ; that the States erected therein should be of suitable extent, not less than 100 nor more than 150 miles square ; and that any expenses that might be incurred in recovering the posts then in the hands of the British should be reimbursed. New York released her claims to Congress, March 1, 1781 ; Virginia, March 1, 1784 ; Massachusetts, April 19, 1785, and Connecticut, September 4, 1786. Under the French and British dominion, the points occupied on the eastern boundary of what is now the State of Michigan were considered a part of New France, or Canada. Detroit was known to the French as Fort Pontchartrain. r^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. The military commandant, under both governments, exercised a civil jurisdiction over tlie settlements surrounding their posts. In 1796, wiien the British garrisons at Detroit and Mackinaw were replaced b}' detachments by General Wayne, Mich- igan became a part of the Northwestern Territory and was organized as the county of Wayne, entitled to one Representative in the General Assembly, held at Chilli- cothe. In 1800, Indiana was made a separate Territor}% embracing all tlie country west of the present State of Ohio, and of an extension of the western line of that State due north to the territorial limits of the United States. In 1802, the penin- sula was annexed to the Territory of Indiana, and in 1805 Michigan began a sepa- rate existence. That part of the Territory that lies east of a north and south line through the middle of Lake Michigan was formed into a distinct government, and the provisions of the ordinance of 1787 continued to regulate it. Under this Con- stitution the executive power was vested in a governor, the judicial in three judges, and the legislative in both united ; the officers were appointed by the General Gov- ernment, and their legislative authority was restricted to the adoption of laws from the codes of the several States. This form of government was to continue until the Territory should contain 5,000 free white males of full age. It then became optional with the people to choose a legislative body, to be supported by them ; but subsequent legislation by Congress more liberall}' provided a legislature at the expense of the general Government and also added to privileges in the elective franchise and eligibility to office ; as, for example, under the ordinance a freehold qualification was required, both on the part of the elector and of the elected. The first officers of the territory of Michigan were : Wm. Hull, governor ; Augustus B. Woodward, chief judge ; Frederick Bates, Sr., assistant judge and treasurer; .lohn Griffin, assistant judge ; Col. James May, marshal ; Abijah Hull, surveyor; Peter Audrain, clerk of the legislative board. May .5, 1807, Joseph Watson was appointed Legislative Secretary ; in November, 1806, Elijah Brush was appointed Treasurer, to succeed Mr. Bates, and the books of the office were deliv- ered over on the 26th of that month ; and William McDowell Scott was appointed Marshal in November, 1806, to succeed Col. May. The latter never held the office of Judge of the Territory, but about 1800-'3 he was Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas. Augustus Breevort Woodward was a native of Virginia; was .ap- pointed a Judge of the Territory in 1805, his term of office expired February 1, 1824. He was soon afterward appointed Judge of the Territory of Florida, and three years after that he died. The grand scheme of "Catholepistemiad," or State University of Michigan, with its numerous names described under sesquipedalian names from the Greek, owed its origin to Judge Woodward. John Griffin was appointed Assistant Judge in 1807, his term of office expir- tiL HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. ing February 1, 1824, when he was re-appointed for four years, and February 1, 1828, he was appointed Territorial Secretary. When, in 1818, Illinois was admitted into the Union, all the territory lying north of that State and of Indiana was annexed to Michigan. In 1819 the terri- tory was authorized to elect a delegate to Congress, according to the present usage with reference to territories; previous to this time according to the ordinance of 1787, a territory was not entitled to a delegate until it entered upon the " second grade of Government," and the delegate was then to be chosen by the General Assembly. In 1823 Congress abolished the legislative power of the Governor and Judges, and granted more enlarged ones to a council, to be composed of nine persons selected by the President of the United States from eighteen chosen by the electors of the territory; and by this law, also, eligibility to ofiSce was made co-existent with the right of suffrage as established by the act of 1819 ; also the judicial term of office was limited to four years. In 1825 all county officers, except those of a judicial nature, were made elective, and the appointments which remained in the liands of the executive were made subject to the approval of the legislative council. In 1827 the electors were authorized to choose a number of persons for the legisla- tive council, which was empowered to enact all laws not inconsistent with the ordinance of 1787. Their acts, however, were subject to abolishment by Congress, and to veto by the territorial executives. When Gen. Wm. Hull arrived at Detroit to assume his official duties as Governor, he found the town in ruins, it having been destroyed by fire. Whether it had been burned by design or accident was not known. The inhabitants were without food and shelter, camping in the open fields; still they were not discouraged, and soon commenced rebuilding their houses on the same site. Congress also kindly granted the sufiferers the site of the old town of Detroit and 10,000 acres of land adjoining. A territorial militia was organized, and a code of laws was adopted similar to those of the original State. This code was signed by Gov. Hull, Augustus B. Woodward and Frederick Bates, Judges of the Territory, and was called the " Woodward code." At this time the bounds of the Territory embraced all the country on the American side of the Detroit River, east of the north and south line through the center of Lake Michigan. The Indian land claims had been partially extinguished previous to this period. By the treaty of Fort Mcintosh, in 1785, and that of Fort Harmar, in 1787, extensive cessions had been either made or confirmed, and, in 1807, the Indian titles to several tracts became entirely extinct. Settlements having been made under the French and English Governments, with irregularity or absence of definite surveys and records, some confusion sprang up in regard to the titles of valuable tracts. Accordingly, Congress established a Board of Com- missioners to examine and settle these conflicting claims, and, in 1807, another act 6 V* HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. was passed, confirming, to a certain extent, tlie titles of all such as had been in possession of the lands then occupied by them from the year 1796. the year of the final evacuations by the British garrisons. Other acts were subsequently passed, extending the same conditions to settlements on the upper lakes. As chief among the fathers of this State we may mention Gov. Lewis Cass, Gabriel Richard, Stevens T. Mason, Augustus B. Woodward, John Hornell, William Woodbridge, John Biddle, William A. Fletcher, Elon Farns- worth, Solomon Sibley, Benjamin B. Kircheval, John R. Williams, George Morrell, Daniel Goodwin, Augustus S. Porter, Benjamin F. H. Witherell, Jonathan Sheaver and Charles C. Trowbridge, all of Wayne County ; Edmund Munday, James Kingsley and Alpheus Felch, of Washentaw ; Ross Wilkins and John J. Adam, of Lenawee ; Warner Wing, Charles Noble and Austin E. Wing, of Monroe County ; Randolph Manning, O. D. Richardson and James B. Hunt, of Oakland ; Henry R. Schoolcraft, of Chippewa ; Albert Miller, of the Saginaw Valley ; John Stockton, Robert P. Eldridge and Christian Clemens, of Macomb ; Lucius Lyon, Charles E. Stuart, Edwin H. Lathrop, Epaphroditus Ransom and Hezekiah G. Wells, of Kalamazoo ; Isaac E. Crary, John D. Pierce and Oliver C. Comstock, of Calhoun ; Kinsley S. Bingham, of Livingston ; John S. Barry, of St. Joseph ; Charles W. Wliipple, Calvain Britain and Thomas Fitz- gerald, of Berrien, Bunce, of St. Clair, and George Redfield, of Cass. These men and tlieir compeers shaped the policy of the State, and decided wliat should be its future. They originated all and established most of the great institutions which are the evidences of our advanced civilization, and of which we are so justly proud. ADMINISTRATION OF GEN. CASS. At the close of the war with Great Britain in 1814, an era of prosperity dawned upon the infant territory. Gen. Lewis Cass, who had served the Govern- ment with great distinction during the war, was appointed Governor. The condi- tion of the people was very much reduced, the country was wild, and the British flag still waved over the fort at Mackinaw. There was nothing inviting to immi- grants except the mere facts of the close of the war and the existence of a fertile soil and a good climate. The Indians were still dangerous, and the country was still comparatively remote from the centers of civilization and government. Such a set of circumstances was just the proper environment for the development of all those elements of the " sturdy pioneer," wliich we so often admire when writing up Western history. Here was the field for stout and brave men ; here was the place for the birth and education of real Spartan men, — men of strength, moral courage and indomitable perseverance. At first, Gen. Cass had also the care of a small portion of Canada opposite ^. '-^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. Detroit, and he had only twenty-seven soldiers for defending Detroit against the hostile Indians and carrying on the whole government. Believing that a civil governor should not be encumbered also with military duty, he resigned his brigadier-generalship in the army. But as Governor he soon had occasion to exer- cise liis military power, even to act on the field as commander, in chasing away marauding bands of Indians. The latter seemed to be particularly threatening at this time, endeavoring to make up in yelling and petty depredations what tliey lacked in sweeping victory over all the pale-faces. In times of peace Gov. Cass had high notions of civilizing the Indians, encour- aging the purchase of their lands, limiting their hunting grounds to a narrow com- pass, teacliing them agriculture and meclianics, and providing the means for tlieir instruction and religious training. The policy of the French and English liad been to pacify them with presents and gewgaws, merely to obtain a temporary foothold for the purpose of carrying on the fur trade. Those benefited by the trade lived thousands of miles away, and had no intei-est in the permanent development of the country. The United States Government, on the other hand, indorsed Gov. Cass' policy, which was to result in the development of the counti-y and the establish- ment of all the arts of peace. Govs. Cass and Harrison were accordingly empowered to treat with the Indians on the Miami and Wabash ; and, July 20, a treaty was signed with the Wyandottes, Senecas, Shawnees, Miamis and Delawares, which restored comparative tranquility. During the Summer, however, there was Indian war enough to call out all Gov. Cass' men, in aid of Gen. Brown on the Niagara. Indians can never remain long at peace, whatever may be the obligations they assume in treaty making. Gen. Cass often headed his forces in person, and drove the hostile tribes from place to place until they finally retreated to Saginaw. An attempt was made to recover Mackinaw from the English in July of this year (1814), but the British works were too strong ; however, the establishments at Saint Joseph and Sault Ste. Marie were destroA'ed. In the following Winter the final treaty of peace was ratified between England and the United States. The population of the Territory at this time was not over 5,000 or 6,000, scattered over a vast extent, and in a state of great destitution on account of the calamities of war. Scarcely a family, on resuming the duties of home, found more than the remnants of former wealth and comfort. Families had been broken up and dis- persed; parents had been torn from their children, and children from each other; some had been slain on the battle-field, and others had been massacred by the ruth- less savages. Laws had become a dead letter, and morals had suffered in the general wreck. Agriculture had been almost abandoned and commerce paralyzed ; food and all necessaries of life were scarce, and luxuries unknown. Money was ^ ^ ^f^ A HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. difficult to get, and the bank paper of Oliio, which was almost the sole circulating medium, was twenty-five per cent, below par. Such was the gloomy state of domestic affairs when Gen. Cass assumed the office of Governor. Besides, he had the delicate task of aiding in legislation and of being at the same time the sole executive of the law. In 1817, he made an im- portant treaty with the Indians, by which their title was extinguished to nearlj- all the land in Ohio, and a great portion in Indiana and Michigan. This treaty at- tached the isolated population of Michigan to the State of Ohio, made the Terri- torial Government in a fuller sense an integral member of the Federal Union, and removed all apprehension of a hostile confederacy among the Indian tribes along the lake and river frontier. Hitherto there had not been a road in Michigan, except the military road along the Detroit River; but as the Indian settlements and lands could not now be inter- posed as a barrier. Gen. Cass called the attention of Congress to the necessity of a military road from Detroit to Sandusky, through a trackless morass called the Black Swamp. Congress passed an act requiring that 2,000,000 acres of land should be sur- veyed in the . Territory of Louisiana, the same amount in the Territory of Illinois, and the same amount in the Territory of Michigan, in all 6,000,000 acres, to be set apart for the soldiers in the war with Great Britain. Each soldier was to have 160 acres of land fit for cultivation. The surveyors under tiiis law reported that there were no lands in Michigan fit for cultivation ! This unconscionable report deterred immigration for many years, and the Government took the wliole 6,000,000 acres from Illinois and Missouri. Tiie language of that report is so remarkable that we must quote it : " The country on the Indian boundary line, from the mouth of tlie Great Auglaize river and running thence for about fifty miles, is (with some few exceptions) low, wet land, with a very thick growth of underbrush, intermixed with very bad marshes, but generally very heavily timbered with beech, cotton- wood, oak, etc., thence continuing north and extending from the Indian boundary eastward, the number and extent of the swamps increase, with the addition of numbers of lakes, from twenty chains to two and three miles across. Many of the lakes have extensive marshes adjoining their margins, sometimes thickly covered with a species of pine called ' tamarack,' and other places covered with a coarse, high grass, and uniformly covered from six inches to three feet (and more at times) with water. The margins of these lakes are not the only places where swamps are found, for they are interspersed throughout the whole country and filled with water, as above stated, and varying in extent. The intermediate space between these swamps and lakes, which is probably near one-half of the country, is, with a very few exceptions, a poor, barren, sandy land on which scarcely any vegetation HISTORY OF JIIcniGAN. grows except very small, scrubby oaks. In many places that part which may be called dry land is composed of little, short sand-hills, forming a kind of deep basins, the bottoms of many of which are composed of a marsh similar to the above-de- scribed. The streams are generally narrow, and very deep compared with their width, the shores and bottoms of which are, witli a very few exceptions, swampy beyond description; and it is with the utmost difficulty that a place can be found over which horses can be conveyed with safety. " A circumstance peculiar to that country is exhibited in many of the marshes by their being thinly covered with a sward of grass, by walking on which evinced the existence of water or a very thin mud immediately under their covering, which sinks from six to eigiiteeii inches from tlie pressure of the foot at every step, and at the same time rising before and behind the person passing over. Tiie margins of many of the lakes and streams are in a similar situation, and in many places are literally afloat. On approaching the eastern part of tlie militaiy lands, toward the private claims on the straits and lake, the country does not contain so many swamps and lakes, but the extreme sterility and barrenness of the soil continues the same. Taking the country altogether, so far as has been explored, and to all appearances, together with tiie information received regarding the balance, it is so bad there would not be more than one acre out of a hundred, if there would be one out of a thousand, that would in any place admit of cultivation." It is probable that those Government surveyors made a lazy job of their duty, and depended almost entirely on the fur-traders, who were interested in keeping settlers out of the country. But we must make allowance, too, for the universal ignorance existing at that time of the methods of developing the Western country wiiich modern invention has brought to bear since the days of our grandfathers. We must remember that our Western prairies were counted worth nothing, even by all the early settlers. By the year 1818, some immigrants crowded in and further explored and tested the land ; and in March, this year. Gov. Cass called for the views of the inhabitants upon the question of changing the civil authority by entering upon the second grade of Territorial government. A vote was taken and a majority was found to be against it ; but for the purpose of facilitating immigration and settlement. Gov. Cass recommended to tlie Secretary of the Treasury that the lands in the district of Detroit be at once brought into market. The Department immediately complied, and the lands were offered for sale the following Autumn. Immigration was now increased more than ever before, and the permanent growth of the country became fully established. In 1819, the people were allowed to elect a delegate to Congress. The popu- lation was now 8,806 in the whole Territory, distributed as follows: Detroit, 1,450, spV " HISTORY OP MICHIGAN not inolud'mg the garrison ; the Island of Mackinaw, still the entrepot of the fur trade, a stationary population of aliout 450, sometimes increased to 2,000 or over ; Sault Ste. Marie, fifteen or twenty houses, occupied by French and English families. The year 1819 was also rendered memorable by the appearance of the first steamboat on the lakes, the "Walk-in-the- water," which came up Lake Erie and went on to Mackinaw. Up to this time no executive measure had been taken by the people to avail themselves of the school lands appropriated by the ordinance of 1787, except the curious act passed by the Governor and judges establishing the "Catholepistemiad,'' or University of Michigan, with thirteen "didaxia," or professorships. The scheme for the institution was a grand one, described Ijy quaint, sesquipedalian technical- ities carried from the Greek language, and the whole devised by that unique man, Judge Woodward. The act is given in full in the Territorial laws of Michigan, compiled and printed a few years ago. It was Judge Woodward, also, who laid out the plan of Detroit, in the form of a cobweb, with a "Campus Martins" and a grand circus, and avenues radiating in every direction, grand public parks and squares, etc. Centuries would be required to fulfill his vast design. Like authors and artists of ancient Greece and Rome, he laid the foundations of grand work for posterity, more than the passing generation. Settlements now began to form at the points where now are the cities of Ann Arbor, Ypsilanti, Jackson, Tecumseh and Pontiac. There were still some annoy- ances by the Indians. The Sacs and Foxes annually made their appearance to ob- tain presents from the English at Maiden, and as they passed along they would commit many depredations. This practice of the British Government had a ten- dency to prejudice the Indians against the Americans, and it thus became necessary to take some measures for removing tiie Indians beyond British influence, or other- wise putting a stop to this dangerous custom. Accordingly, in tlie Fall of 1819, Gov. Cass desired the government at Washington to cause a more thorough explor- ation to be made of the lake region, estimating the number and influence of the Indians, their relations, prejudices,' etc., with a view to the further extinguishment of Indian title to land, etc.; but the Government deemed it advisable at this time only to take ten miles square at Sault Ste. Marie for military purposes, and some islands near Mackinaw, where beds of plaster had been found to exist. However, the General Government soon ordered an expedition to be fitted out for such an exploration as Gov. Cass desired, to travel with birch canoes. The men comjjosing the expedition were Gen. Cass and Robert A. Forsyth, his private secretary ; Capt. D. B. Douglass, topographer and astronomer; Dr. Alex Walcot, physician ; James D. Doty, official secretary ; and Charles C. Trowbridge, assistant topographer. Lieut. Evans Mackey was commander of the escort, which consisted of ten U. S. soldiers. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. Besides these there were tea Canadian voyageurs to manage the canoes, and ten Indians to act as hunter. The latter were under the direction of James Riley and Joseph Parks, who were also to act as interpreters. The party left Detroit, March 2-t, 1820, and reached Michili.iiackinac, June 6. On leaving this place, June 14, twenty-two soldiers, under the command of Lieut. John S. Pierce, were added to the party, and the expedition now numbered sixty-four persons. They reached the Sault Ste. Marie the 16th, where Gen. Cass called the Indians (Chippewas) to- gether, in order to have a definite understanding with them considering the boun- dary lines of the land grants, and thereby renew also their sanction of former trea- ties. At first the Indians protested against the Americans having any garrison at the place, and some of them grew violent and almost pi-ecipitated a general fight, which would have been disastrous to Gen. Cass' party, as the Indians were far more numer- ous; but Cass exhibited a great degree of coolness and courage, and caused more deliberate counsels to prevail amongst the savages. Tnus the tlireatened storm blew over. The next day the expedition resumed its journey, on Lake Superior, passing the "pictured rocks," and landing at one place where there was a band of friendly Chippewas. June 25, they left Lake Superior, ascended Portage River and returned home by way of Lake Michigan, after having traveled over 4,000 miles. The results of the expedition were: a more thorough knowledge of a vast re- gion, and of the numbers and disposition of the various tribes of Indians ; several important Indian treaties, by which valuable lands were ceded to the United States; a knowledge of the operations of the Northwest Fur Company, and the selection of sites for a line of military posts. As the greater want of the people seemed to be roads. Congress was appealed to for assistance, and not in vain, for that body immediately provided for the open- ing of roads between Detroit and the Miami River, from Detroit to Chicago, and from Detroit to Fort Gratiot, and for the improvement of La Plaisance Bay. Gov- ernment surveys were carried into the Territory. Two straight lines were drawn through the center of the Territory, east and west, and north and south, the lat- ter being denominated the principal meridian, and the former the base line. The Territory was also divided into townships of six miles square. In 1821, there was still a tract of land lying south of Grand River which had not yet been added to the United States, and Gov. Cass deemed it necessary to negotiate with the Indians for it. To accomplieh this work he had to visit Chicago, and as a matter of curiosity we will inform the reader of his most feasible route to that place, which he can contrast with that of the present day. Leaving Detroit, he descended to the mouth of the Maumee River ; he ascended that river and crossed the intervening country to the Wabash ; descended that stream to the Ohio ; down the latter to the Mississippi, and up this and the Illinois rivers to Chicago. At this ~e) ^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. council the American Commissioners were Gen. Cass and Judge Sibley, of Detroit. Tliey were successful in their undertaking, and obtained a cession of the land in question. On this occasion the Indians exhibited in a remarkable manner their appetite for whisky. As a preliminary step to the negotiations, the commissioners ordered that no spirits should be given to the Indians. The chief of the latter was a man of about a hundred years old, but still of a good constitution. The com- missioners urged every consideration to convince him and the other Indians of the propriety of the course they had adopted, but in vain. " Father," said the old chieftain, "we do not care for the laud, nor the money, nor the goods: what we want is whisky ; give us whisky." But the commissioners were inexorable, and the Indians were forced to content themselves. This year (1821) also two Indians were hanged for murder. There was some fear that the event would be made by the British an occasion of arousing Indian atrocities in the vicinity, and the petition for the pardon of the wretches was con- sidered by Gov. Cass with a great deal of embarrassment. He finally concluded to let the law take its course, and, accordingly, Dec. 25, the murderers were hanged. In 1822 six new counties wei-e created, namelj^ Lapeer, Sanilac, Saginaw, Shiawassee, Washtenaw and Lenawee ; and they contained much more territory than they do at the present day. This year the first stage line was established in the Territory, connecting the county seat of IVIacomb County with the steamer " Walk-in-the-Water" at Detroit. In 1823, Congress changed the form of Territorial government, abrogating the abrogating power of the governor and judges and establishing a system of " Legis- lative Council," to consist of nine members, appointed by the President of the United States out of eighteen candidates elected by the people. By tiie same act the term of judicial office was limited to four years, and eligibility to office was made to require the same qualifications as right to suffrage. Tiie people now took new interest in their government, and felt encouraged to lay deep the foundations of future prosperity. The first legishitive council under the new regime met at Detroit, June 7, 1824, when Gov. Cass delivered his message reviewing the progress of the Territory, calling attention to the needs of popular education, and recommending a policy of governmental administration. During this year he also called the atten- tion of the General Government to the mineral resources of the Superior region, and asked for governmental explorations therein. At its second session after this. Congress authorized a commission to treat with the Indians of the upper peninsula for permission to explore that country. In 1825, the Erie Canal was completed from the Hudson River to Buffalo, N. Y., and the effect was to increase materially the flow of people and wealth into the HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. youtig Territory of Micliigan. The citizens of the East began to learn the truth concerning tlie agricultural value of this peninsula, and those in search of good and permanent homes came to see for themselves, and afterwards came with their friends or families to remain as industrious residents, to develop a powerful State. The number in the Territorial Council was increased to thirteen, to be chosen by the President from twenty-six persons elected by the people. In 1827 an act was passed autliorizing the electors to choose their electors directly, without the further sanction of either the President or Congress. The power of enacting laws was given to the council, subject, however, to the approval of Congress and the veto of the Governor. This form of Territorial government remained in force until Michigan was organized as a State in 1837. William Woodbridge was Secretary of the Territory during the administration of Gov. Cass, and deserves great credit for the ability with which he perform^! the duties of his office. In the absence of the chief executive lie was Acting Governor, and a portion of the time he repre- sented the Territory as a delegate to Congress. In 1828 he was succeeded by James Witherell, and in two years by Gen. John T. Mason. In 1831 Gen. Cass was appointed Secretary of War in the Cabinet of President Jackson, after having- served Michigan as its cliief executive for eighteen years. He had been appointed six times, running through the presidency of Madison, Monroe and -lohn Q. Adams, without any opposing candidate or a single vote against liim in the Senate. He faithfully discharged liis duties as Indian Commissioner, and concluded nine- teen treaties with the Indians, acquiring large cessions of territory in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin and Micliigan. He was a practical patriot, of whom the people of the peninsular State feel justly proud. Probably more than any other man Gen. Cass was the father of Michigan. GEN. GEORGE B. PORTER'S ADMINISTRATION. On the promotion of Gov. Cass to a seat in the Cabinet of President Jackson, and his consequent resignation as Governor of Michigan, Gen. George B. Porter was appointed Governor in July, 1831, and Sept. 22 following he entered upon the duties of the office. The population of the Territory at this time was about 85,000, prosperity was reigning all around, and peace everywliere jirevailed, except that in 1832 the Black Hawk War took place in Illinois, but did not affect this peninsula. In this war, however. Gov. Porter co-operated with the other States in furnishing militia. While Gov. Porter was the chief executive, Wisconsin was de- tached from Michigan and erected into a separate Territory ; many new townsliips were organized, and wagon roads opened and improved ; land began to rise rapidly in value, and speculators multiplied. The council provided for the establishment and regulation of common schools, incorporated " The Lake Michigan Steamboat Com- 90 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. paiiy," with a capital of $40,000, and incorporated the first railroad company in ^Michigan, the "Detroit & Saint Joseph Railroad Company," since called the " Michigan Central." The original corporators were John Biddle, John R. Wil- liams, Charles Larned, John Gilbert, Abel Millington, Job Gorton, John Allen, Anson Brown, Samuel W. Dexter, W. E. Perrine, William A. Thompson, Isaac Crary, O. W. Golden, Caleb Eldred, Cyrus Lovell, Calvin Brittain and Talman Wheeler. The Act of Incorporation required that the road should be completed within thirty years ; tliis condition was complied with in less than one-third of that time. The same council also incorporated the " Bank of the River Uaisin," with a branch at Pontiac. Previous to this two otlier banks had been chartered, namely — tlie " Bank of Michigan," in 1817, with a branch at Bronson, and the " Farmers and Mechanics' Bank of Michigan," with a branch at Saint Joseph. The Legislative Council of 1834: also auuiorized a vote of the residents to be taken on the question of organizing as a State and becoming a member of the Union ; but the vote was so light and the majority so small that Congress neglected to consider the matter seriously until two years afterward. During Porter's administration a changj was made in the method of disposing tlie public lands, greatly to the benefit of the actual settlers. Prior to 1820 the Government price of land was $2 an acre, one-fourth to be paid down, and the remainder in three annual installments ; and the land was subject to forfeiture if these payments were not promptly made. This system having been found produc- tive of many serious evils, the price of land was put $1.25 an acre, all to be paid at the time of purchase. This change saved a deal of trouble. During the admin- istration of Gov. Porter occurred the "Black Hawk" war, mainly in Illiuois, in 1832, whicli did not affect Michigan to any appreciable extent, except to raise sundry fears by the usual alarms accompanying war gossip. A few volunteers probably went to the scene of action from this Territory, but if any systematic account was ever kept of this service, we fail to find it. In October, 1831, Edwin Jerome left Detroit with a surveying party composed of John Mullet, surveyor, and Utter, Brink and Peck, for that portion of Michigan Territory lying west of Lake Michigan, now Wisconsin. Their outfit consisted of a French pony team and a buffalo wagon to carry tent, camp equipage, blankets, etc. Most of the way to the southeast corner of Lake Michigan they followed a wagon track or Indian trail, and a cabin or an Indian hut to lodge in at night ; but west of the point mentioned they found neither road nor inhabitant. Tliey arrived at Chicago in a terrible rain, and " put up " at the fort. Tliis far-famed city at that time had but five or six houses, and they were built of logs. Within a distance of three or four miles of the fort the land was valued by its owners at 50 cents an acre. After twenty-three days' weary travel through an uninhabited country, fording Ll^ HISTORY OP JIICHIGAN. and swimming streams and exposed to much rainy weather, they arrived at Galena, where they commenced their survey, but in two days the ground froze so deep that further work was abandoned until the next Spring. The day after the memorable Stillman battle with Black Hawk, while the Mullet party were crossing the Blue INIounds, they met an Indian half-chief, who had just arrived from the Menominee camps with the details of the battle. He stated the slain to be three Indians and eleven whites. The long shaking of hands and the extreme cordiality of this Indian alarmed Mullet for the safety of his party, but he locked the secret in his own heart until the next day. They had just completed a town corner when Mullet, raising himself to his full height, said, " Boys, I'm going in ; I'll not risk my scalp for a few paltry shillings." Tliis laconic speech was an electric shock to the wliole company. Mr. Jerome, in describing his own sensations, said that the hair of his head became then as poicupine quills, raising his hat in the air and himself from tlie ground, and the top of his head became as sore as a boil. July 6, 1834, Gov. Porter died, and the administration devolved upon the Secretary of the Territory, Stevens T. Mason, during whose time occurred the " Toledo war." ADMINISTRATION OF GOV. HORNER. It appears that Mr. Shaler did not accept the governorship of Michigan, and John S. Horner, of Virginia, was soon afterward appointed Secretary and Acting Governor. He proved to be rather unpopular with the people of Micliigan, and the following May he was appointed Secretary of Wisconsin Territory. He carried on a lengthy correspondence with Gov. Lucas, which resulted in a discontinuance of all the suits that had grown out of the Toledo war, except the demand for Stickney. Gov. Lucas persisted in refusing to deliver him up ; but it seems that, finally, no trouble came of the affair. The first Monday in October, 1835, the people of Michigan ratified the Con- stitution, and by the same vote elected a full set of State ofBcers. Stevens T. Mason was elected Governor, Edward Mundy Lieutenant Governor, and Isaac E. Crary Representative in Congress. The first legislature under the Constitution was held at Detroit, the capital, on the first Monday in November, and John Norvell and Lucius Lyon were elected United States Senators. A regular election was also held under the Territorial law for dele- gate to Congress, and George VV. Jones, of Wisconsin, received the certificate of election, although it is said that William Woodbridge received the highest num- ber of votes. John S. Horner, the Territorial Governor, was still in office here ; and this singular mixture of Territorial and State government continued until the following June, when Congress formally received Michigan into the Union as a State, and Horner was sent to Wisconsin, as before noted. This Act of Congress liL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. conditioned that the celebrated strip of territory over which the quarrel had been so violent and protracted, should be given to Ohio, and that Michigan might have as compensation the upper peninsula. That section of country was then known only as a barren waste, containing some copper, no one knew how much. Of course this decision of Congress was unsatisfactory to the people of this State. This was the third excision of territory from Michigan, other clippings having been made in 1802 and 1816. In the former year more than a thousand square miles were given to Ohio, and in the latter year nearly 1,200 square miles were given to Indiana. Accordingly, Gov. Mason convened the Legislature July 11, 1836, to act on the jiroposition of Congress. The vote stood twenty-one for acceptance and twenty- eight for rejection. Three delegates were appointed to repair to Washington, to co-operate with the representatives there for the general interest of the State ; but before Congress was brought to action on the matter, other conventions were held in the State to hasten a decision. Stevens T. Mason was the first Governor of this State, having been elected (Governor of the State prospectively) in 1835, as before noted, and he lield the office until January, 1840. This State, at the time of its admission into the Union, had a population of about 200,000 ; its area was about 40,000 square miles, which was divided into thirty-six counties. Nearly the first act passed by the Legislature was one for the organization and support of common schools. Congress had already set apart one section of land in every townsliip for tiiis purpose, and the new State properly appreciated the boon. In March of the same year (1837) another act was passed establishing the Uni- versity of Michigan, of which institution we speak more fully on subsequent pages. This Legislature also appropriated $20,000 for a geological survey, and appointed Dr. Douglass Houghton State Geologist. For the encouragement of internal im- provements, a board of seven commissioners was appointed, of which the Governor was made president. This board authorized several surveys for railroads. Three routes were surveyed through the State, which eventually became, respectively, the Michigan Central, the Michigan Southern, and the Detroit tS: Milwaukee. The latter road, however, was originally intended to have Port Huron for its eastern terminus. The next year appropriations were made for the survey of the Saint Joseph, Kalamazoo and Grand Rivers, for the purpose of improving the navi- gation. In 1839 the militia of the State was organized, and eight divisions, with two brigades of two regiments each, were provided for. This year, also, the State prison at Jackson was completed. Nearly 30,000 pupils attended the common schools this year, and for school purposes over $18,000 was appropriated. Agricul- turally, the State yielded that year 21,944 bushels of rye, 1,116,910 of oats, 6,422 la. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. of buckwheat, 43,826 pounds of flax, 524 of hemp, 89,010 head of cattle, 14,059 head of horses, 22,684 head of sheep, and 109,096 of swine. Gov. William Woodbridge was the chief executive from January, 1840, to February, 1841, when he resigned to accept a seat in the United States Senate. J. AV^right Gordon was Lieutenant Governor, and became Acting Governor on the resignation of Gov. Woodbridge. During the administration of these men, the railroad from Detroit to Ann Arbor, a distance of forty miles, was completed ; branches of the university were established at Detroit, Pontiac, Monroe, Niles, Kalamazoo, Grand Rapids, Jackson, White Pigeon and Tecumseh. The material growth of the State continued to increase, proportionally more rapidly than even the population, which now amounted to about 212,000. John S. Barry succeeded Gov. Gordon in the executive chair, serving from 1841 to 1845. In 1842 the university was opened for the reception of students, and the num- ber of pupils attending the common schools was officially reported to be nearly 58,000. In 1843 a land oiBce was established at Marshall for the whole State. In 1844, the taxable property of the State was found to be in value $28,554,282, the tax being at the rate of two mills on the dollar. The expenses of the State were only $70,000, while the income from the two railroads was nearly $300,000. In 1845, the number of inhabitants in the State had increased to more than 300,000. Alpheus Felch served as Governor from 1845 to 1847. Daring his time the two railroads belonging to the State were sold to private corporations, — the Central for $2,000,000, and the Southern for $500,000. The exports of the State amounted in 1846 to $4,647,608. The total capacity of vessels enrolled in the collection district at Detroit was 26,928 tons, the whole giving employment to 18,000 seamen. In 1847 there were thirty-nine counties in the State, containing 435 townships; and 275 of these townships were supplied with good libraries, containing, in the aggregate, 37,000 volumes. In the Spring of 1846, on the account of Northern and Eastern immigration into Texas, with, tastes and habits different from the native Mexicans, a war was precipitated between the United States and Mexico ; and for the prosecution of this war Michigan furnished a regiment of volunteers, com- manded by Thomas W. Stockton, and one independent company, incurring a total expense of about $10,500. March 3, 1847, Gov. Felch resigned to accept a seat in the United States Senate, when the duties of his office devolved upon William S. Greenly, under whose administration the Mexican war was closed. Epaphroditus Ransom was Governor from 1847 to November, 1849. During LliL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. his administration the Asylum for tlie Insane was established at Kalamazoo, and also the Institute for the Blind, and the Deaf and Dumb at Flint. Both these institutions were liberally endowed with lands, and each entrusted to a board of five trustees. March 31, 1848, the first telegraph line was completed from New York to Detroit. John S. Barry, elected Governor of Michigan for the third time, succeeded Gov. Ransom, and his term expired in November, 1851. Wiiile he was serving this term a normal school was established at Ypsilanti, which was endowed with lands, placed in charge of a board of education, consisting of six persons ; a new State constitution was adopted, and the great "railroad-conspiracy" case was tried. This originated in a number of lawless depredations upon the property of the Michigan Central Railroad ComjDany, terminating with the burning of the depot at Detroit in 1850. The next year thirty-seven men were brought to trial, and twelve of tiiem were convicted. The prosecution was conducted by Alexander D. Eraser, of Detroit, and the conspirators were defended by William H. Seward, of New York. Judge Warner Wing presided. Robert McClelland followed Barry as Governor, serving until March, 1853, when he resigned to accept the position of Secretary of the Interior, in the Cabinet of Pres. Pierce. Lieut. -Gov. Andrew Parsons, consequently, became Acting Gov- ernor, his term expiring in November, 1854. In the Spring of 1854, during the administration of Acting Gov. Parsons, the " Republican party," at least as a State organization, was first formed in the United States " under the oaks " at Jackson, by an ti -slavery men of both the old parties. Great excitement prevailed at this time, occasioned by the settling of Kansas and the issue thereby brought up whether slavery should exist there. For the purpose of permitting slavery there, the "Missouri compromise" (which limited slavery to the south of 36 degrees 30 minutes) was repealed, under the lead of Stephen A. Douglas. This was repealed by a bill admitting Kansas and Nebraska into the Union as Territories, and those who were o^jposed to this repeal measure were, in short, called " anti-Nebraska," were temporarily employed to designate tiie slavery and anti-slavery jjarties, pending the dissolution of the old Democratic and Whig parties and tiie organization of the new Democratic and Republican parties. At the next State election Kinsley S. Bingham was elected by the Republicans Gov- ernor of Michigan, and this State has ever since then been under Republican con- trol, the State ofScers of that party being elected by majorities ranging from 5,000 to 55,000. And the people of this State generally, and the Republicans in par- ticular, claim that this commonwealth has been as v/ell taken care of since 1855 as any State in the Union, if not better, while preceding 1855 the Democrats adminis- tered the government as well as any other State, if not better. As a single though -^ bJV -t e ^ HISTORY OP MICHIGAN. signal proof of the high standard of Michigan among her sister States, we may mention that while the taxes in the New England States, New York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania average $10.09 per capita, while in Massachusetts tlie average is 117.10 per inhabitant, and while in the West the average is $6.50, in Michigan it is only $1.57. At the same time it is generally believed, even by the citizens of sister States, that Michigan is the best-governed commonwealth in the Union. Kinsley S. Bingham was Governor from 1854 to 1858. The most notable event during his administration was the completion of the ship canal at the falls of Saint Mary, May 26, 1855. An Act of Congress was approved, granting to the State of Michigan 750,000 acres of land for the purpose of constructing this canal. The "sault," or rapids, of the Saint Mary have a fall of seventeen feet in one mile. The canal is one mile long, 100 feet wide and about twelve feet deep. It has two locks of solid masonry. The work was commenced in 1853, and finished in May, 1855, at a cost of $999,802. This is one of the most important internal improve- ments ever made in the State. Moses Wisner was tlie next Governor of Michigan, serving from 1858 to November, 1860, at wiiich time Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. National themes began to grow exciting, and Michigan affairs were almost lost in the warring elements of strife that convulsed the nation from center to circumference with a life-and-deatii struggle. Austin Blair was the thirteenth Governor of Michigan, serving during the perilous times of the rebellion from 1861 to 1S65, and by his patriotic and faithful execution of law and prompt aid of the General Government, earning the well- deserved title of " the War Governor." The particulars of the history of this State in connection witli that war we will reserve for the next section. Henry H. Crapo succeeded Gov. Blair, serving one term. He was elected during the dark hours just before the close of the war, when he found the political sky overcast with the most ominous clouds of death and debt. The bonded debt of the State was $3,541,149.80, with a balance in the treasury of $440,047.29. In the single year just closed the State had expended $823,216.75, and by the close of the first year of his term this indebtedness had increased more than $400,000 more. But the wise administration of this Governor began materially to reduce the debt, and at the same time fill the treasury. The great war closed during the April after his election, and he faithfully carried out the line of policy inaugurated by his prede- cessor. The other prominent events during his term of office are systematically interwoven with the histoiy of the various institutions of the State, and they will be found under heads in their respective places. Henry P. Baldwin was Governor two terms, namely, from January, 1868, to the close of 1872. The period of his administration was a prosperous one for the ^ ^ i. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. State. In 1869 the taxable valuation of real and personal property in the State amounted to #400,000,000, and in 1871 it exceeded |G30,000,000. During Gov. Baldwin's time a step was taken to alter the State constitution so as to enable counties, townships, cities and incorporated villages, in their corporate capacity, to aid in tlie construction of railroads. Bonds had been issued all over the State by these municipalities in aid of railroads, under laws which had been enacted by the Legislature at five different sessions ; but a case coming before the Supreme Court involving the constitutionality of these laws, the Bench decided that the laws were unconstitutional, and thus the railroads were left to the mercy of the " soulless " corporations. Gov. Baldwin, in this emergency, called an extra session of the Legislature, which submitted the desired constitutional amendment to the people ; but it was by them defeated in November, 1870. The ninth census having been officially published, it became the duties of the State, in 1872, to make a re-apportionment of districts for the purpose of repre- sentation in Congress. Since 1863 Michigan has had six representatives, but the census of 1870 entitled it to nine. During the last two years of Gov. Baldwin's administration the preliminary measures for building a new State capitol engrossed much of his attention. His wise counsels concerning this much-needed new building were generally adopted by the Legislature, which was convened in extra session in March, 1872. Ample provisions having been made for the payment of the funded debt of the State by setting apart some of the trust-fund receipts, and such portion of the specific taxes as were not required for the payment of interest on the public debt, the one-eighth mill tax for the sinking fund was abolished in 1870. Tlie Fall of 1871 is noted for the many destructive conflagrations in tlie North- west, including the great Chicago fire. Several villages in this State were either wholly or partially consumed, and much property was burned up nearly all over the country. This was due to the excessive dryness of the season. In this State alone nearly -3,000 families, or about 18,000 persons, were rendered houseless and deprived of the necessaries of life. Relief committees were organized at Detroit, Grand Rapids and elsewhere, and in a short time $462,106 in money and about #250,000 worth of clothing were forwarded to the sufferers. Indeed, so generous were the people, that they would have given more than was necessary had they not been informed by the Governor in a proclamation that a sufficiency had been raised. The dedication of the soldiers and sailors' monument at Detroit, April 9, 1872, was a notable event in Gov. Baldwin's time. This grand structure was designed by Randolph Rogers, formerly of Michigan, and one of tlie most eminent of Amer- ican sculptors now living. The money to defray the expenses of this undertaking was raised by subscription, and persons in all parts of the State were most liberal 'b^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. in their contributions. Tlie business was managed by an incorporation established in 1868. The monument is forty-six feet high, and is surmounted by a colossal statue of Micliigan in bronze, ten feet in height. She is represented as a semi- civilized Indian queen, with a sword in her right hand and a shield in her left. The dedicatory lines in front are : "Erected by the people of Micliigan, in honor of the mart3'rs who fell and the heroes who fought in defense of liberty and union." On the monument are many beautiful designs. At the unveiling there was a large concourse of people from all parts of tlie State, and the address was delivered by ex-Gov. Blair. John J. Bagley succeeded to the Governorship Jan. 1, 1873, and served two terms. During his administration the new capitol was principally built, which is a larger and better structure for the money than, perhaps, any other public building in the United States. Under Gov. Bagley's counsel and administration the State prospered in all its departments. The Legislature of 1873 made it the duty of the Governor to appoint a commission to revise the State Constitution, which duty he performed to the satisfaction of all parties. Charles M. Crosswell was next the chief executive officer of this State, exer- cising the functions of the office for two successive terms, 1877-1881. During his administration the public debt was greatly reduced, a policy adopted requiring State institutions to keep within the limit of appropriations, laws enacted to pro- vide more effectually for the punishment of corruption and bribery in elections, the State House of Correction at Ionia and the Eastern Asylum for the Insane at Pon- tiac were opened, and the new capitol at Lansing was completed and occupied. The first act of his second term was to preside at the dedication of this building. The great riot of 1877 centered at Jackson. During those two or three fearful days Gov. Crosswell was in his office at Lansing, in correspondence with members of the military department in different parts of the State, and within forty-eight hours of the moment when the danger became imminent, the rioters found them- selves surrounded by a military force ready with ball and cartridge for their anni- hilation. Were it not for this promptness of the Governor, there would probably have been a great destruction of property, if not also of life. The administration of Hon. David H. Jerome has been one marked alike by joys and sorrows. The great business revival marked the period of his election ; the disastrous forest fires clouded the light of peace and prosperity. STATE OFFICERS Governors During French Rule. Appointed. Sieur de Mesey 1663 Sieur de Courcelles 1665 Sieur de Fiontenac 1672 7 Appointed. Sieur de La Barre 1672 Marquis de Denonville 1685 Sieur de Frontenac 1689 Chevalier de Callieres l6qq V*- STATE OFFICERS. — CONTINUED. Marquis de Vaudreiiil 1703 Marquis de Beauharnois 1726 Compt de la Galissoniere - 1747 Sieur de la Jonquiere 1749 Marquis du Quesne de Menneville 1752 Sieur de Vaudreuilde Cavagnal 1755 Governors During British Rule. James Murray. 1765 Paulus E. Irving 1766 Guy Carleton 1766 Hector I. Cramahe 1770 Guy Carleton 1774 Frederick Haldemand 1778 Henry Hamilton 1784 Henry Hope 1785 Lord Dorchester 17S6 Alured Clark 1791 Lord Dorchester- 179S Governors of Michigan Territory. William Hull 1805 Lewis Cass 1813 George B.Porter 1831 Stevens T. Mason, if jr-t'^c/o 1834 John T. Horner, ex-officio 1835 State Governors. Elected. Stevens T.Mason 1835 William Woodbridge 1840 J. Wright Gordon, acting 1841 John S.Barry 1842 Alpheus Felch 1846 Wm. S. Greenly, acting 1847 Epaphroditus Ransom 1848 John S. Barry_ 1850 Robert McClelland 1852 Andrew Parsons, acting 1S53 Kingsley S. Bingham 1855 Moses Wisner 1859 Austin Blair 1861 Henry H. Crapo 1865 Henry D. Baldwin 1869 John J. Bagley 1873 Charles M. Croswell 1877 David H. Jerome 1881 Lieutenant-Governors of Michigan. Elected. Edward Mundy 1835 J. Wright Gordon 1840 Origin D. Richardson 1842 Wm. S. Greenly 1846 Wm. M. Fenton 1848 Wm. S. Greenly 1849 Calvin Britain 1852 Andrew Parsons 1853 George A. Coe 1855 Edmund B. Fairfield 1859 James Birney 1861 Joseph R. Williams, acting 1861 Heniy T. Backus, acting 1S62 Charles S. May 1863 E. O. Grosvenor 1865 Dwight May 1S67 Morgan Bates 1869 Henry H.Holt 1873 Alonzo Sessions 1877 Moreau S. Crosby 1881 Secretaries of State. Kintzing Pritchette 1835 Randolph Manning 1838 Thomas Rowland 1840 Robert P. Eldridge 1842 G. O. Whittemore 1846 George W. Peck 1848 George Redfield 1850 Charles H.Taylor 1850 William Graves 1S53 John McKinney 1855 Nelson G. Isbell 1S59 James B.Porter 1861 O. S. Spaulding 1867 Daniel Striker 1S71 E. G. D. Holden 1875 William Jenney 1879 State Treasurers. Henry Howard 1836 Peter Desnoyers 1839 Robert Stuart 1840 George W. Germain 1841 John J. Adam 1S42 George Redfield 1845 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. STATE OPFICEKS. — CONTINUED. George B. Cooper Barnard C. Whittemore. Silas M. Holmes John McKinney John Owen E. O. Grosvenor Victory P. Collier Wra. B. McCreery Benj. F. Pritchard Attorneys-General. Daniel LeRoy Peter Morey Zephaniah Piatt Elon Farnsvvorth Henry N. Walker.. Edward Mundy Geo. V. N. Lothrop. William Hale Jacob M. Howard.. Charles Upson Albert Williams. ... Wni. L. Stoughton., Dwight May Byron D. Ball Isaac Mars ton Andrew J. Smith Otto Kirchner. Auditors-General. 1846 1850 1855 1859 1861 :S67 1871 1875 1879 1836 1837 1S41 1S43 1845 1847 1848 1857 1S55 1861 1863 1867 1869 1S73 1874 1S75 1877 Robert Abbott 1836 Henry Howard 1839 Eurotus P. Hastings 1840 AlpheusFelch 1842 Henry S. Whipple. 1842 Charles G. Hammond 1845 John J. Adam 1845 Digby V. Bell. 1846 John J. Adam 1848 John Swegles, jr 1851 Whitney Jones 1855 Daniel L. Case 1859 Langford G. Berry 1 861 Emil Aneke 1S63 William Humphrey 1867 Ralph Ely 1875 W. Irving Latimer 1879 Supt. Public Instruction. Elected. John D.Pierce 1838 Franklin Sawyer, jr 1841 Oliver C. Comstock l843 Ira Mayhew - -- 1845 Francis W. Sherman.. - 1849 Ira Mayhew.. - 1855 John M.Gregory 1859 Oramel Hosford 1865 Daniel B. Briggs 1873 Horace S. Tarbell 1877 Cornelius A. Gower -- 1878 Judges of the Supreme Court. Augustus B. Woodward Frederick Bates J ohn Griffin ... James Witherell Solomon Sibley Henry Chipman Wm. Woodbridge Ross Wilkins Wm. A. Fletcher Epaphroditus Ransom George Morell Charles W. Whipple Alpheus Felch .- David Goodwin. Warner Wing George Miles Edward Mundy.. Sanford M. Green George Martin Joseph T. Copeland Samuel T. Douglas David Johnson Abner Pratt Charles W. Whipple Nathaniel Bacon Sanford M. Green E. H. C.Wilson Benj. F. H. Witherell, Benj. F.Graves, Josiah Turner, and Edwin Lawrence to fill vacancies in the latter part of George Martin Randolph Manning Isaac P. Christiancy 1805-24 1805-8 1806-24 1S08-2S 1824-36 1827-32 1828-32 1832-6 1836-42 1836-47 1836-42 1843-52 1842-5 1843-6 1845-56 1846-50 1848-51 1848-57 1851-2 1852-7 1852-7 1852-7 1851-7 1852-5 1S55-8 1856-8 1856-8 1857 1858-68 1858-64 1858-77 HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. STATE OFFICERS. — CONTINUED. Elected. James V. Campbell 1858 Thomas M. Cooley 1864 Benj. F. Graves 1868 Isaac Marston 1875 U. S. Senators. John Norvell 1835-41 Lucius Lyon 1836-40 Augustus S. Porter 1840-5 Wm. Woodbridge 1841-7 Lewis Cass 1845-57 Thos. H. Fitzgerald 1848-9 Aipheus Felch 1847-53 Charles E. Stuart 1853-9 Zachariah Chandler 1857-77 Kinsley S. Bingham 1859-61 Jacob M. Howard 1862-71 Thomas W. Ferry 1871 Henry Baldwin 1880 Zachariah Chandler 1878-9 Thomas W.Ferry 1881-3 Omar D. Conger 1881-7 Representatives in Congress. Isaac E. Crary 1835-41 Jacob M. Howard 1841-43 Lucius Lyon 1843-5 Robert McClelland 1843-9 James B. Hunt .. 1843-7 John S. Chipman 1845-7 Charles E. Stuart 1847.9 Kinsley S. Bingham 1849-51 Alexander W. Buel 1849-51 William Sprague 1849-50 Charles E.Stuart 1851-3 James L. Conger 1851-3 Ebenezer J. Penneman 1851.3 Samuel Clark 1853-5 David A. Noble 1853-5 Hester L.Stevens 1S53-5 David Stuart 1853-5 George W. Peck 1855-7 William A. Howard 1855-61 Henry Waldron 1855-61 Elected. David S. Walbridge 1855-9 D. C. Leach 1857-61 Francis W. Kellogg 1859-65 B. F. Granger 186 1-3 F. C. Beaman 1861-71 R. E. Trowbridge 1861-3 Charles Upson 1863-9 John W. Longyear 1863-7 John F. Driggs 1863-9 R. E. Trowbridge 1865-9 Thomas W. Ferry 1869-71 Austin Blair 1867-73 William L. Stoughton 1869-73 Omar D. Conger 1869-81 Randolph Strickland 1869-71 Henry Waldon.. 187 1-5 Wilder D. Foster 1871-3 Jabez G. Sutherland 1 87 1-3 Moses W. Field 1873-5 George Millard 1875-7 Julius C. Burrows 1873-5,1879 Josiah W. Begale 1873-5 Nathan B. Bradley 1873-7 Jay A. Hubbell 1873 W. B. Williams 1875-7 Aipheus S.Williams 1875-9 Mark .S. Boemer 1877 Charles C. Ellsworth 1877-9 Edwin W. Keightley 1877-9 Jonas H. McGowan 1877 John W. Stone 1877 Edwin Willets 1877 Roswell G. Horr 1879 John S.Newberry 1879 H. W. Lord... 1881 Edwin Willets 1881 E. S. Lacey 1881 Julius C. Burrows :88i George W. Webber 1881 Oliver L. Spaulding. 1881 John T.Rich 1S81 Roswell G. Horr 1881 Jay A. Hubbell 1881 111 the political chapter of the county history, the names of State Senators and Representatives from Macomb are given, with a record of votes received. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. fe^ POLITICAL STATISTICS. The following tables show the political complexion of the several districts as now arranged, taking the vote for Congressmen in 1880 as the basis : 3.2S7 2,196 2,915 1,067 1,081 1,748 779 2.340 1,677 1,608 FIRST DISTRICT. County. Rep. Dem. Green- back. Wayne 15,962 15,388 628 Republican plurality 574 Democratic and Greenback over Republican 54 SECOND DISTRICT. Monroe - 3,175 Lenawee 6,308 Hillsdale 4.857 Washtenaw 4,605 Total 18,945 16,596 1,674 Republican plurality 2,34q Republican majority 675 THIRD DISTRICT. Jackson 4,564 Calhoun 5,184 Branch 4.106 Barry 3>072 Eaton 4.341 Total 21,267 9.739 8,959 Republican plurality -.11,528 Republican majority 2,571 FOURTH DISTRICT. Berrien 4,553 Cass 2,856 St. Joseph 3,134 Kalamazoo — 4,459 Van Buren 4,094 Total 19,096 12,424 4,193 Republican plurality 6,672 Republican majority 2,479 FIFTH DISTRICT. Allegan 4,657 Kent 7.879 Ottawa 3,289 Ionia - 4,262 Total 20,087 9.939 8,901 Republican plurality 10,108 Republican majority 1,207 1,806 1.789 5,395 3,227 2,072 837 666 3,048 SI.\TH DISTRICT. County. Rep. Clinton _ 3,305 Ingham 3.983 Livingstone 2,820 Genesee 4,747 Oakland 5.371 Dem. 2,771 3.387 2.914 2,126 5,000 16,288 Green- back. 766 1,031 <92 2,173 363 Total 20,: Republican plurality Democrat and Greenback over Republican.. SEVENTH DISTRICT. Macomb 3,000 3,283 St. Clair 4,182 3,512 Lapeer 3,390 2,676 Sanilac 2,183 1,329 Huron ',773 1,194 Total 14,618 11,994 Republican plurality Republican majority EIGHTH DISTRICT. Shiuwassee. 3,325 1.947 Saginaw 4,829 5,801 Gratiot 2,526 1,780 Montcalm 4,140 3,067 Isabella 1,375 1.089 Midland 758 514 Total 16,953 14,198 Republican plurality , Democrat and Greenback over Republican. NINTH DISTRICT. Muskegon. 2,737 1,496 Oceana i,479 959 Newaygo 1,549 1,796 Mecosta 1,592 1,020 Osceola 1.234 577 Lake 5S3 264 Mason 1,259 832 Manistee 1. 176 1,098 Wexford 1,112 476 Missaukee 268 121 Charlevoix. 793 276 Antrim 598 19S 605 95 171 1' HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. County. Rep. Dem. Green- back. Kalkaska 495 i8t Total 14,875 9.294 1,063 Republican plurality 5,581 Republican majority 4, 518 TENTH DISTRICT. Tuscola 2,872 1,812 180 Bay 2,483 Caldwin 147 Clare 451 Roscommon 564 Ogemaw 280 Iosco 766 Crawford l8l Oscoda Alcona 388 Alpena 948 Montmorency Otsego 329 Presque Isle 2C9 Cheboygan 581 Emmet-. 809 Total -10,978 8,776 2,180 398 1,568 260 5 412 41 413 72 173 57 540 8 141 24 250 8 835 48 217 83 151 571 83 603 4 Republican plurality 2,202 Republican majority , 22 ELEVENTH DISTRICT. Grand Traverse .... 1,327 Leelenau 643 Benzie 430 Manitou 36 Chippewa 35S Mackinac 143 Schoolcraft 172 Marquette 2,449 Baraga 180 Houghton 2,107 Keewenaw . 610 Ontonagon. 306 Isle Royal Menominee 1,304 Delta 724 Total 10,789 6,486 235 Republican plurality 4.303 Republican majority 4,168 There were also prohibition and scattering votes returned for Congress in 1880 as follows: Second district, 191; third, 234; fourth, 2i ; fifth, 18; sixth, 78; seventh, 18; eighth, 16; ninth, 21; tenth, 7; and eleventh, 95. In Isle Royal County, in 1880, no election was held, and Oscoda and Montmorency Counties were not organized. The population of the several districts in 1870 and 1880 and the total increase for the ten years are shown by the following table : District. Pop. 1870. Pop. 188U. Increase. First 119.038 166,444 47.406 Second 146 196.. Third 146,212-- Fourth 143.356 -- Fifth 136,840.. Sixth 142 276-- Seventh 109.233.. Eighth 92 792.. Ninth 51,943.- Tenth 40,439 111,151 70,712 Eleventh 55.794 104,527 49,733 156,538 10,342 164966 18,754 .. 150,569 7,213 .. 178,066 41,226 -- 164,784 22,508 .- 154,392 45.152 . . 160,269 67,498 125,210 73,267 If a similar rate of increase is kept up in the northern counties, the eighth, ninth and tenth districts will before the end of the decade largely exceed in jjopu- lation certain of the older districts. 4^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. CHAPTER VII. MISCELLANEOUS. THE FUB- TRADERS AND SLAVE OWNERS. The Bi-itish at Detroit changed their policy somewliat, and endeavored to conciliate the Indians, paying them for land and encouraging French settlements in the vicinity. This encouragement was exhibited, in part, in showing some par- tiality to French customs. At this time the fur trade was considerably revived, the principal point of shipment being the Grand Portage of Lake Superior. The charter boundaries of the two companies, the Hudson's Bay and the Northwest, not having been very well-defined, the employees of the respective companies often came into conflict. Lord Selkirk, the head of the former company, ended the difiSculty by uniting the stock of both companies. An attempt was also made to mine and ship copper, but the project was found too expensive. SLAVERY IN MICHIGAN. The following references to the slave in Michigan have been extracted from the able paper prepared on that subject by J. A. Girardin. In olden times the city of Detroit and vicinity had slaves among its inhabitants. The old citizens generally purchased them from marauding bauds of Indians, who had captured the negro slaves in their war depredations on plantations. Many were thus brought from Virginia, New York, and Indiana, and sold to the inhabitants of Detroit, sometimes for nominal prices. Among our old citizens who were slaveholders in the olden times were the late Major Joseph Campau, George McDougall, James Duperon Baby, Abbott & Finchly, and several others. The negro slaves were well treated by their owners. Many of those poor captives when sold and released were at once well taken care of by our ancient inhabitants. Some- times the price of a negro slave was regulated according to his intrinsic value, but the price was quite high for those days. For instance : A negro boy named Frank, aged 12 years, the property of the late Phillip Jonciere, of Belle Fontaine, now Springwells, was sold on the 22d day of October, 1793, by William Roe, acting auctioneer, to the late Hon. James Duperon Baby, for the sum of ^213, Ne\V York currency, equal to •$532.50 of our money. Mr. Baby being the highest bidder, he, Frank, was adjudged to him for the benefit of Mr. Joncier's estate. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. In the records of baptism of St. Anne's Church, .several persons of color we find recorded as having received the sacrament of baptism, and, in the absence of family names we find that the names of " Margaret," for instance, a negress, " unknown " would be entered in the absence of her regular family name ; several instances of this kind are entered in the old records. During the administration of the Governor and Judges of the Territory of Michigan, several negroes received donation lots. Among them wa^ a well known negro named " Pompey," the property of the late James Abbott. As a class the negroes were esteemed by our ancient population ; many of them could speak the French language fluently, espe- cially those living with their French masters. But little cruelty was jsracticed by their owners. Thei'e was no Wendell Phillips nor any Lloyd Garrison, nor any " higher law doctrine," expounded in those days to disturb the mind of the slave or the slaveholder. Everyone lived in Arcadian simplicity and contentment. The negro was satisfied with his position, and rendered valuable services to his master, and was ever ready to help him against the treacherous Indians. During the war of 1812 several of them accompanied their masters to the battle-field, and mate- rially helped their masters and the troops. By an ordinance enacted by Congress, dated July 13, 1787, entitled " An act for the government of the territory of the United States northwest of the Ohio River," there was a clause in Article VI saying that " there shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes." This was a safeguard by Congress to prevent the extension of slavery northwest of the Ohio River. Notwithstanding this wise provision our an- cestors paid but little attention to it, for whenever a spruce negro was brought by the Indians he was sure to find a purchaser at a reasonable price. Most every prominent man in those days had a slave or two, especially merchants trading with the Indians. Detroit and vicinity was a heaven to the slave compared to the Southern States, although slavery was carried on on a moderate scale here, there being no cotton or rice fields to employ them in, their labor being on the plantations near Detroit, or at their masters' houses. The master, once attached to his " Sambo," a great price would have to be paid to buy him. The late Judge May had a slave-woman who had come to his hands for a debt owed him by one Granchin. This faithful slave served the Judge some twenty- five years. Mr. Joseph Campau, an extensive trader in those days, had as many as ten slaves at different times. Among them was a young negro named " Crow," who w.as quite a favorite of Mr. C, who had him dressed in scarlet, a contrast with his color. This negro, to the amusement of the inhabitants of the old town, used to ascend old St. Anne's Church steeple and there perform some of his gymnastic sTv HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. tricks. He was supple and elastic as a circus-ridei'. He had been purchased at Montreal by Mr. Campau. He was afterward drowned from one of Mr. C.'s bat- teaux. "Hannah," another intelligent colored woman, was purchased at Montreal by Mr. C. This faithful slave, after serving him several years, married " Patterson," also a slave. "Mulct," one of the most honest and faithful of all slaves, also be- longed to Mr. Campau, who very often employed him as confidential clerk. This slave died but a few years ago at a very advanced age, respected and esteemed for his great integrity and fidelity. The slave " Tetro " was among the favorites of Maj. Campau. He, too, was as faithful and as honest as the day was long. The late Gen. John R. Williams also possessed a slave, named " Hector." He, too, was faithful and trustworthy. In the year 1831 Daniel Lero}', Olmstead Cliamberlain, and Gideon O. Whittemore sold to Col. Mack, Gen. Williams, and Maj. Campau the newspaper called the Oaldand Chronicle, the office being trans- ferred here, and the well known slave " Hector " was placed in charge of it. When the late Col. Sheldon McKnight entered to take possession, he was fiercely resisted by " Hector who showed fight, and the Colonel had to retreat. This paper was afterward merged into the Free Press of this city. Ann Wyley, a former slave, suffered the extreme penalty of the law for having stolen six guineas from the firm of Abbott & Finchley. She was sentenced to death by a justice of the peace, and buried on the spot where St. Anne's Church now stands, which ground was used as a place of burial in early days ; and when, in 1817, the foundations of the church were being excavated for, the body of this unfortunate woman was found, face downward. It was supposed that she was in a trance at the time of her burial. This incident was related to me by an old lady, some years ago, who knew all about the facts, and who has since died. The late Joseph Dronillard, of Petite Cote, Canada, had two daughters. Upon the marriage of one of them to the grandfather of your humble servant she received a farm ; the other received two slaves as her marriage portion. This goes to show that the negro in those days was considered a chattel. Several of our French farmers on both sides of the river had one or more of them. Many anecdotes can be related of Africa's sons among our ancestors, and they as a class were well cared for and educated by their kind masters. I could digress and go into more details, but the present sketch will sufiSce to show our modern philanthropists that the slaves here in Detroit were as well treated as the families in which their lot had been cast. The question may be asked : " How did slavery die out here?" The owners of slaves, after having received their services for a number of years generally would liberate them, or sometimes sell them to parties outside of the Territory. When the celebrated ordinance of 1787 was extended over the Northwest, Michigan assumed for the first time the first grade of govern- IV^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ment, and the laws of Congress were put in force, no moi"e slaves were afterward allowed to be brought into the Territory, and slavery was known no more here ! SALE OF NEGRO MAN POMPEY. The following is a copy of a deed furnished by W. W. Backus of Detroit : " Know all men by these presents : That I, James May of Detroit, for and in consideration of the sum of forty-five pounds. New York currency, to me in hand paid by John Askin, Esqr.,of Detroit, the receipt whereof I do hereby acknowledge to be fully satisfied and paid, have sold and delivered, and by these presents, in l)lain and open market, do bargain, sell, and deliver unto the said John Askin, Esqr., a certain negro man, Pompey by name, to have and to hold the said negro unto the said John Askin, Esqr., his heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns forever ; and I, the said James May, for my heirs, executors, and assigns, against all manner of person or persons, shall and will warrant and forever defend by these presents. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and ninety-four. Signed, JAMES MAY. In presence of Robert Stevens. I do hereby make over my whole right, title and interest in the above men- tioned negro man Pompey to Mi. James Donnolson of this place for the sum of fifty pounds, New York currency, the receipt of which I do hereby acknowledge, as witness my hand and seal at Detroit, this third day of January, 1795. Signed, JOHN ASKIN. Witness, William McClintock. Throughout the counties of Wayne, Monroe, Macomb, and Oakland, the slave existed. True, he bore the same relation almost to his master, as the white laborer of the South did to his master previous to 1861. Yet he was a slave, liable to be bought and sold. PUBLIC school system. Michigan has as good a public-school system as can be found anywhere in the Union. Ever since 1785, the acts of Congress, as well as the acts of this State since its organization, have encouraged popular education by land grants and lib- eral appropriations of money. The 16th section of each township was early placed in the custody of the State for common-school purposes, and all the proceeds of the sale of school lands go into the perpetual fund. In 1812 the Superintendent of Public Instruction reported a discrepancy of over f 22, 000 in the funds, owing to im- •^(i 5> >• HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. perfect records, probably, rather than of dishonesty of ofBcials. September 30, 1858, the primary school fund amounted to $2,890,090.73, and the swamp-land school fund to $361,237.20. The qualification of teachers and the supervision of schools were for many years in the hands of a board of three inspectors, then the county superin- tendency system was adopted for many 3'ears, and since 1875 the township system has been in vogue. The township Board of School inspectors now consists of the Township Clerk, one elected Inspector, and a Township Superintendent of Schools. The latter officer licenses the teachers and visits the schools. In 1877, the school children (five to twenty years of age) numbered 469,504 ; the average number of months of school, 7.4 ; number of graded schools, 295 ; number of school- houses, 6,078, valued at $9,190,175 ; amount of two-mill tax, $492,646.94 ; district taxes, $2,217,961 ; total resources for the year, $3,792,129.59; total expenditures, $3,179,976.06. STATE UNIVERSITY. By an act of Congress in 1804, a township of land was to be reserved in the territory now constituting the lower peninsula " for the use of seminaries of learning ; " but the most of this reservation in 1841 went to a Catholic institution at Detroit. In 1824, through the exertions of Austin E. Wing, delegate to Con- gress, Gov. Woodbridge and others, a second township was granted, with permis- sion to select the sections in detached localities, and about this time Judge Wood- ward devised that novel and extensive scheme for the " catholepisteraaid,"' else- where referred to in this volume. In 1837 the Legislature established the University at Ann Arbor, and appropriated the seventy-two sections to its benefit ; 916 acres of this land were located in what is now the richest part of Toledo, Ohio, from which the University finally realized less than $18,000. But the State in subsequent years made many liberal appropriations to this favorite institution, until it has become the greatest seat of learning west of New England, if not in all America. It is a part of the public-school system of the State, as tuition is free, and pupils graduating at the high schools are permitted to enter the freshman class of tiie collegiate department. It now has an average attendance of 1,200 to 1,400 students, 450 of whom are in the college proper. In 1879 there were 406 in the law department, 329 in the medical, 71 in pharmacy, 62 in dental surgery, and 63 in the homeopathic department. There are over fifty professors and teachers. The University is under the control of eight regents, elected by the people, two every second year. Rev. Henry B. Tappan, D. D., was President from 1852 to 1863, then Erastus O. Haven, D. D., LL. D., to 1860, then Prof. H. S. Freeze (acting) until 1871, since which time the reins have been held by Hon. James B. Angell, LL. D. i> ^ ^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. The value of the buildings and grounds was estimated in 1879 at 1319,000, and the personal property at $250,000. STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. John D. Pierce, the first Superintendent of Public Instruction, in his first re- port to the Legislature, urged the importance of a normal school. In this enter- prise he was followed by his successors in office until 1849, when Ira Mayhew was State Superintendent, and the Legislature appropriated seventy-two sections of land for the purpose ; and among the points competing for the location of the school, Ypsilanti won, and in that place the institution was permanently located. The building was completed and dedicated with appropriate ceremonies, October 5,1852; next year the Legislature appropriated f7,000 in money, for expenses. Prof. A. S. Welch, now President of Iowa Agricultural College, was elected the first Principal. In October, 1859, the building with contents was burned, and a new building was immediately erected. In 1878 the main building was enlarged at an expense of $13,347. This enlargement was 88x90 feet, and has a hall capa- ble of seating 1,200 persons. The value of buildings and other property at the j^resent time is estimated at $111,100. Number of students, 616, including 144 in the primary department. Each member of the Legislature is authorized by the Board of Education to appoint two students from his district who may attend one year free of tuition; other students pay $10 per annum. Graduates of this school are entitled to teach in this State without re-examination by any school officer. AGRICULTUKAL COLLEGE. The Michigan Agricultural College owes its establishment to a provision of the State Constitution of 1850. Article 13 says, " The Legislature shall, as soon as practicable, provide for the establishment of an agricultural school." For the purpose of carrying into practice this provision, legislation was commenced in 1855, and the act required that the school should be within ten miles of Lansing, and that not more than $15 an acre should be paid for the farm and college grounds. The college was opened to students in May, 1857, the first of existing agricultural colleges in the United States. Until the Spring of 1861 it was under the control of the State Board of Education ; since that time it has been under the manage- ment of the State Board of Agriculture, created for the purpose. In its essential features of combining study and labor, and of uniting general and professional studies in its course, the college has remained virtually unchanged frem the first. It has had a steady growth in number of students, in means of illustration and efficiency of instruction. An Act of Congress, approved July 2, 1862, donated to each State public lands >^-> HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. to the amount of 30,000 acres for each of its Senators and Representatives in Con- gress, according to the census of 1860, for the endowment, support and mainten- ance of at least one college where the leading object should be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts. The Legislature accepted this grant and bestowed it upon the Agricultural College. By its provisions the college has received 235,673.37 acres of land. These lands have been placed in market, and about 74,000 acres are sold, yielding a fund of $237,174, the interest of which, at seven per cent., is applied to the support of the college. The sale is under the direction of the Agricultui-al Land Grant Board, consisting of the Governor, Auditor General, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, Attorney General and Commissioner of the State Land Office. The Agricultural College is three miles east of Lansing, comprising several fine buildings ; and there are, also, very beautiful, substantial residences for the professors. There are also an extensive, well-filled green-house, a very large and well-equipped and chemical laboratory, one of the most scientific apiaries in the United States, a general museum, a museum of mechanical inventions, another of vegetable products, extensive barns, piggeries, etc., etc., in fine trim for the pur- poses designed. The farm consists of 676 acres, of which about 300 are under cultivation is in a systematic rotation of crops. OTHER COLLEGES. At Albion is a flourishing college under the control of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The grounds comprise about fifteen acres. There are three college buildings, each three stories high, having severally the dimensions of 46 by 80, 40 by 100, and 47 by 80 feet. The attendance in 1878 was 205. Tuition in the jjrepara- tory and collegiate studies is free. The faculty comjjrises nine members. The value of property about $85,000. Adrian College was established by the Wesleyan Methodists in 1859, now under the control of the " Methodist Church." The grounds contain about twenty acres. There are four buildings, capable of accommodating about 225 students. Attendance in 1875 was 179 ; total number of graduates for previous years, 121 ; ten professors and teachers employed. Exclusive of the endowment fund ($80,- 000), the assets of the institution, including grounds, buildings, furniture, appar- atus, musical instruments, outlying lands, etc., amount to more than $137,000. Hope College, at Holland, is under the patronage of the Dutch Reformed Church. It was begun in 1851, and in connection with the ordinary branches of learning, it has a theological department. In 1877 it had ten professors and teachers and 110 pupils. Up to 1875 there had graduated, in the preparatory def)artment, begun in HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. 1863, ninety-five ; in the academic, beginning in 1866, fifty-three ; and in the theo- logical, beginning in 1869, twenty-four. Value of real estate, 125,000 ; of other property, above incumbrance, about $10,000 ; the amount of endowment paid in is about 156,000. Kalamazoo College, headed by Baptists, is situated on a five-acre lot of ground, and the property is valued at $35,000 ; investments, f S8,000. There are six mem- bers of the faculty, and in 1878 there were 169 pupils. Hillsdale College was established in 1855 by the Free Baptists. The " Michi- gan Central College," at Spring Arbor, was incorporated in 1845. It was kept in operation until it was merged into the present Hillsdale College. The site com- prises twenty-five acres, beautifully situated on an eminence in the western part of the city of Hillsdale. The large and imposing building first erected was nearly destroyed by fire in 1871, and in its place five buildings of a more modern style have been erected. They are of brick, three stories with basement, arranged on three sides of a quadrangle. Their size is, respectively, 80 by 80, 48 by 72, 48 by 72, 80 by 60, 52 by 72, and they contain one-half more room than the original' building. Ex-Lieutenant Gov. E. B. Fairfield was the first president. The present president is Rev. D. W. C. Durgin, D. D. Whole number of graduates up to 1878, 375; number of students in all departments, 506; number of professors and instructors, 15; productive endowment, about $100,000; buildings and ground, $80,000 ; library, 6,200. Olivet College, in Eaton County, is a lively and thorough literary and fine-art institution, under the joint auspices of the Presbyterian and Congregational denom- inations. Value of buildings and ground, about $85,000. Fourteen professors and teacher.s are employed, and the attendance in 1878 was 190, the sexes in about equal proportion. There are five departments, namely, the collegiate, preparatory, normal, music and art. Battle Creek College, conducted by the .Seventh-Day Adventists, was estab- lished in 1874, with four departments, eleven professors and teachers, and an attendance of 289. It is practically connected with a large health institution, where meat and medicines are eschewed. In 1878 there were fifteen instruct- ors and 478 students. Special attention is paid to hygiene and hygienic medi- cation. Grand Traverse College was opened at Benzonia, in 1863, as the result of the efforts of Rev. Dr. J. B. Walter, a prominent divine of the Congregational Church. The friends of this institution have met with serious discouragements ; their lands have not risen in value as anticipated, and they have suffered a heavy loss from fire ; but the college has been kept open to the present time, with an average of seventy pupils. The curriculum, however, has so far been only " preparatory." The land 0 <- HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. is valued at .$25,000, and the buildings, etc., 16,000. The school has done a good work in qualifying teachers for the public schools. Besides the foregoing colleges, there are the German- American Seminary in Detroit, a Catholic seminary at Monroe, the Michigan Female Seminary at Kalamazoo, the Military Academy at Orchard Lake, near Pontiac, and others. Large numbers of Michigan students study at the college of Notre Dame in St. Joseph County, Indiana. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. No State in the Union takes better care of her poor than does Michigan. For a number of years past, especially under the administrations of Govs. Bagley and Groswell, extraordinary efforts have been made to improve and bring to perfection the appointments for the poor and dependent. According to the report of the Board of State Commissioners for the general supervision of charitable, penal, pauper and reformatory institutions for 1878, the total number in poor-houses of the State was 5,282. For the five years preceding, the annual rate of increase was four times greater than the increase of population during that period ; but that was an exceptionally " hard " time. The capacity of the public heart, however, was equal to the occasion, and took such measures as were effectual and almost beyond criticism for the care of the indigent. At the head of the charity department of the State stands THE STATE PUBLIC SCHOOL. In the year 1870 a commission appointed by the Governor for that purpose, visited many of the poor-houses in the State, and found a large number of children in them under sixteen years of age, indiscriminately associated with idiots, maniacs, prostitutes and vagrants. Their report recommended the classification of paupers, and especially, that children in the county houses, under sixteen years, should be placed in a State school. The act establishing the rule was passed in 1871, in con- formity with the recommendation. As amended in 1873, it provides, in substance, that there shall be received as pupils in such school all neglected and dependent children that are over four and under sixteen years of age, and that are in suitable condition of body or mind to receive instruction, especially those maintained in the county poor-houses, those who have been deserted by their parents, or are orphans, or whose parents have been convicted of crime. It is declared to be the object of the act to provide for such children temporary homes only, until homes can be procured for them in families. The plans comprehend the ultimate care of all children of the class described, and it is made unlawful to retain such children in poor-houses when there is room for them in the State Public School. Dependent orphans and half orphans of deceased soldiers and sailors have the preference of nv -* — ^>^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. admission should there be more applications than room. Provision is made for preserving a record of the parentage and history of each child. The general Tsupervision of the school is delegated to a Board of Control, consisting of three members, who are appointed by the Governor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The Board appoints the superintendent, officers and teachers of the school. One officer is appointed to look up homes for the children to apprentice them, and to keep a general oversight of them by visitation or corre- spondence. To complete the work of this institution, an agent is appointed in each county. The internal government of this school is that known as the " family " and " congregate " combined, the families consisting of about thirty members each, and being under the care of "cottage managers," ladies whom the children call "aunt- ies," and who are supposed to care for the children as mothers. Each child of sufficient j'ears expected to work three hours every day ; some work on the farm, some in the dining-room and kitchen, while others make shoes, braid straw hats, make their own clothing, work in the bakery, engine room, laundry, etc. They are required to attend school three to five hours a day, according to their ages, and the school hours are divided into sessions to accommodate the work. The buildings, ten in number, comprise a main building, eight cottages and a hospital, all of brick. Tiie buildings are steam heated, lighted with gas and have good bathing facilities. There are forty-one acres of land in connection with the school, and the total value of all the property is about $150,000, furnishing accom- modation for 240 children. INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB, AND THE BLIND. This is located at Flint, sixty miles nearly northwest of Detroit. The act establishing it was passed in 1848, and the school was first opened in 1854, in a leased building. It is a school in common for deaf mutes, and the blind, rather from motives of economy than from any relation which the two classes bear to one another. The buildings were commenced in 1853. The principal ones now are: front building, forty-three by seventy-two feet, with east and west wings, each twenty-eight by sixty feet, center building, forty by sixty, and east and west wings, each fifty by seventy feet ; main school building, fifty-two by fifty-four, with two wings, and twenty-five by sixty feet. All of these buildings are four stories high ; center of the front building is five stoi-ies, including basement. There are also a boiler and engine house, barns, etc. The total value of the buildings is estimated at fo58,045, and of the eighty-eight acres of land occupied, $17,570. The number of inmates has increased from 94, in 1865, to 225, in 1875. Includ- ing the Principal, there are ten teachers employed in the deaf and dumb depart- JiL HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. ment, and four in the blind, besides the Matron and her assistants. Tuition and board are free to all resident subjects of the State, and the Trustees are authorized to assist indigent subjects in the way of clothing, etc., to the amount of $40 a year. An annual census of all deaf mutes and blind persons in the State, is officially taken and reported to the overseers of the poor, who are to see that these unfortunate members of the human family are properly cared. ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, AT KALAMAZOO. This institution was established in 1848, and now consists of two departments, one for males and the other for females. The capacity of the former is 280, and of the latter, 300 patients. In their general construction, both buildings are arranged in accordance with the principles laid down by the Association of Medical Superin- tendents of American Institutions for the Insane. The buildings are ot brick, with stone trimmings, and are very substantial, as well as beautiful. The entire cost of l)oth buildings, with all the auxiliary structures, and 195 acres of land, is about $727,173.90. The buildings were constructed during the war and immediately afterward. The asylum was opened in 1859 for the care of patients, and up to October 1, 1875, there had been expended for the care and maintenance of patients, exclusive of the cost of construction, 1994,711.32. Indigent patients are received and treated at the asylum at the expense of the counties to which they belong, on the certification of the county authorities, the average cost of maintenance being about $4.12+ per week. Pay patients are received when there is room for them, the minimum price of board being $5 per week. EASTERN ASYLUJI FOR THE INSANE, AT PONTIAC. These large, beautiful and very modern structures are located upon a farm of upward of 300 acres, and were erected in 1873-'6, at a cost of about $400,000. The general plans are similar to those at Kalamazoo. They are built of brick, with stone window caps, belt-courses, etc. There are accommodations for not less than 300 patients. Michigan pursues a very enlightened policy toward the chronic insane. Pro- visions have been made for the treatment even of the incurable, so that as much good as possible may be done even to the most unfortunate. The design is to cure whenever the nature of the mental malady will permit ; but failing this, to cease no effort which could minister to the comfort and welfare of the patient. PENAL INSTITUTIONS. The Detroit House of Correction, although a local institution, is used to a con- siderable extent as an intermediate prison, to which persons are sentenced by the courts throughout the State for minor offenses. Women convicted of felonies are ^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. also sent to this place. The whole number in confinement at this prison for the past decade has averaged a little over 400 at any one time, more males than females. The average term of confinement is but a little more than two months, and the institution is very faithfully conducted. The State Prison, at Jackson, is one of the best conducted in the Union. The total value of the property is $552,113. The earnings of the prison in 1878 were $92,378 ; number of prisoners, 800. Their work is let to contractors, who employ 450 men at different trades. A coal mine has been recently discovered on the prison property, which proves a saving of several thousand dollars per annum to tlie State. The earnings of this prison since Gen. Wm. Humphrey has been War- den (1875), has exceeded its current expenses. The State Prison at Ionia was established a few years ago, for the reception of convicts whose crimes are not of the worst type, and those who are young, but too old for the reform school. The ground comprises 53 acres of land, 13A^ of which is enclosed by a brick wall 18 feet high. Estimated value of property, $277,490 ; current expenses for 1878, $45,744 ; earnings for 1878, $5,892 ; number of prison- ers December 31, 1878, 250 ; number received during the year, 346. THE STATE PRISON IN 1880. The inspectors say that " in a pecuniary sense the year has been a prosperous one to all the industries connected witii the prison. Contractors have had a demand for all their products at fair prices and sure pay, and as a consequence contracts due to the State have been promptly paid, and the prison authorities have had none of tlie troubles and anxieties they have sometimes experienced from the failure of prompt payment for prison labor. The general prosperity of the country is shown by the increased and increasing demands for the products of labor. Whether these products are from the labor or convicts of free men, the consumer does not inquire ; therefore it is not surprising, but to have been expected, that the prison industries would share in the general prosperity. The inspectors report valuation of property as follows : Real estate $545,219-55 Personal $48,618.27 Cash on hand -- 9.799-82 58,418.09 Aggregate - $603,637.64 The increase over inventory of 1880 is stated at $29,806.95. Of this amount $18,155.45 is credited to real estate, $14,299.88 of which is credited to the expend- iture of legislative appropriations, and $3,855.67 to prison earnings. The increase in the valuation of personal property is $11,651.50, which amount came entirely from prison labor, showing an aggregate increase from prison labor of $15,507.07. ^ 4. HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. The net prison earnings for the year are given as $95,129.67, and the expenses for the same time $84,517.66, showing a balance of earnings over expenses of 110,612.01. The following are the statistics of prisoners for the year : Number October I, 1879 _ 777 Admitted during year 281 Total 1,058 Discharged by expiration of sentence. -253 Discliarged by death 5 Discharged by order for new trials 2 Discharged by order of supreme court 4 Discharged by pardon of governor 13 Escaped 3 280 Remaining in prison September 30, 1880. Total 778 The detailed inventory covers thirty-six pages, and is minute enough to meet the demands of the most inquisitive investigator into the nature of prison property. During the term of its operation this prison has received 7,071 persons, com- mitted for offenses which are covered by 757 titles. Of these 5,097 were convicted for offenses against property, 988 of offenses against lives and persons of individ- uals, 549 of forgery and counterfeiting, 284 of offenses against chastity, morality and decency, 145 of offenses against public justice, and 8 of unclassified offenses. During the last prison year twenty persons were received under conviction of offenses against life, as follows : For murder in the first degree 2 For murder in the second degree 4 For manslaughter ! 3 For assault with intent to kill . Ii Total 20 STATE REFORM SCHOOL. This was established at Lansing in 1855, in the northeastern portion of the city, as the " House of Correction for Juvenile Offenders," having about it many features of a prison. In 1859, the name was changed to the " State Reform School." The government and discipline have undergone many and radical changes, until all the prison features have been removed, except those that remain in tlie walls of the original structure, and which remain only as monuments of instruc- tive history. No bolts, bars or guards ai-e employed. Tlie inmates are necessa- ril}' kept under the surveillance of officers, but the attempts at escape are much fewer than under the more rigid regime of former days. This school is for the ^^ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. detention, education and reformation of boys between the ages of eight and sixteen years, who are convicted of light offenses. The principal building is four stories high, including basement, and has an extreme length of 246 feet, the center a depth of 48 feet, and the wings a depth of 33 feet each. Besides, there are two " family houses," where the more tractable and less vicious boys form a kind of family, as distinguished from the congregate life of the institution proper. The boys are required to work half a day and attend school half a day. A farm of 328 acres, belonging to the school, furnishes work for many of the working boys during the working season. Some are em- ployed in making clothing and shoes for the inmates. The only shop-work now carried on is the cane-seating of chairs ; formerly, cigars were manufactured here somewhat extensively. There is no contract labor, but all the work is done by the institution itself. The number of inmates now averages about 200, and are taken care of by a superintendent and assistant, matron and assistant, two overseers and six teachers. THE LAND OFFICE Of this State has a great deal of business to transact, as it has within its jurisdic- tion an immense amount of new land in market, and much more to come in. Dur- ing the fiscal year ending September 30, 1877, the total number of acres sold was 50,835.72, for $87,968.05, of which $69,800.54 was paid in hand. At that time, the amount of land still owned by the State was 3,049,905.46, of wliich 2,430,050.47 were swamp land ; 447,270.89, primary school ; 164,402.55, Agricultural College ; 310.26, University ; 160, Normal School ; 2,115.63, salt spring ; 1,840, Asylum ; 32.40, State building ; 3,342.75, asset, and 380.31, internal improvement. But of the foregoing, 1,817,084.25 acres, or more than iialf, are not in market. STATE LIBRARY. Territorial Library, 1828-1835. — The first knowledge that we have of this library, is derived from the records found in the printed copies of the journals and documents of the Legislative Councils of the Territory, and in the manuscript copies of the Executive journals. The library was established by an act of the Legislative Councils, approved June 16, 1828, authorizing the appointment of a librarian by the Governor, with advice and consent of the Council. The Librarian so appointed was required to take an oath of office and give bond to the Treasurer of the Territory in the sum of 11,000 for the faithful per- formance of his duties ; his time of service was for two years, or until another be appointed. The librarian was also required to take charge of the halls and com- mittee room, and other property appertaining to the Legislative Council. He was -% ^A HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. also required to make an annual report to the Council, upon the state of the library, and upon all such branches of duty as might from time to time be com- mitted to his charge. For his services he was to receive annually the sum of $100. The library seemed to have been kept open only during the actual sittings of the Legislative Council. The Executive journal, by its records, shows that under tlie provisions of this act, William B. Hunt was appointed Librarian, July 3, 1828, by Gov. Lewis Cass, for the term of two years. Mr. Hunt continued to act as Librarian until March 7, 1834, when Gersham Molt Williams was appointed by Gov. Porter. Mr. Williams seems to have acted as Librarian until the organization of the institution as a State library. The honored names of Henry B. Schoolcraft, Charles Moran, Daniel S. Bacon, Calvin Brittain, Elou Farnsvvorth, Charles C. Hascall,and others, are found iu the list of the members of the Library Committee. March, 1836, the State Library was placed in charge of the Secretary of State ; in February, 1837, it was given to the care of the private Secretary of the Gov- ernor ; December 28 following, its custody was given to the Governor and Secre- tary of State, with power to appoint a Librarian, and make rules and regulations for its government. C. C. Jackson acted as the first Librarian for the State. Lewis Bond also had the care of the books for a time. Oren Marsh was appointed Libra- rian in 1837, and had the office several years. In March, 1840, the law was again changed, and the library was placed in the care of the Secretary of State, and the members of the Legislature and Executive officers of the State were to have free access to it at all times. The library was, of course, increased from time to time by legislative ap- propriations. In 1844, as the result of the efforts of Alexandre Vattemare, from Paris, a system of international exchange was adopted. April 2, 1850, an act was passed requiring the Governor to appoint a State librarian with the consent of the Senate, and it was made the duty of the librarian to have the sole charge of the library. This act, with some amendments, still remains in force. It requires the librarian to make biennial reports and catalogues. The librarians under this act have been: Henry Tisdale, April 2, 1850, to January 27, 1851 ; Charles J. Fox, to July 1, 1853 ; Charles P. Bush, to December 5, 1854 ; John James Bush, to Januar}^ 6, 1855; DeWitt C. Leach, to February 2, 1857; George W. Swift, to January 27, 1859 ; J. Eugene Tenney, to April 5, 1869, and Mrs. Harriet A. Tenney, to the present time. This lady has proved to be one of the best librarians in the United States. She has now in her charge about 60,000 volumes, besides thousands of articles in the new and rapidly growing museum department. She is also secretary of the " Pioneer Society of the State of Michi- gan," and has charge of the books, papers and relics collected by that society. sfV ♦■ HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. The library and these museums are now kept in the new State Capitol at Lansing, in a series of rooms constructed for the purpose, and are all arranged in the most convenient order and with the neatest taste. STATE FISHERIES. Very naturally, the denser population of the white race, as it took possession of this wild country, consumed what they found already abundant long before they commenced to renew the stock. It was so with the forests ; it was so with the fish. An abundance of good variety of fish was found in all our rivers and little lakes by the early settlers, but the abundance was gradually reduced until these waters were entirely robbed of their useful inhabitants. Scarcely a thouglit of restocking the inland waters of this State was entertained until the Spring of 1873, when a board of fish commissioners was authorized by law; and while the people generally still shook their heads in skepticism, the board went on with its duty until these same people are made glad with the results. Under the efficient superintend- ency of Geo. H. Jerome, of Niles, nearly all the lakes and streams within the lower peninsula have been more or less stocked with shad, white-fish, salmon or lake trout, land-locked or native salmon, eel, etc., and special efforts are also made to propagate that beautiful and useful fish, the grayling, whose home is in the Manistee and Muskegon rivers. Much more is hoped for, however, than is yet real- ized. Like every other great innovation, many failures must be suffered before the brilliant crown of final success is won. The value of all the property employed in fish propagation in the State is but a little over f 4,000, and the total expenses of conducting the business from Decem- ber 1, 1876, to July 1, 1877, were 114,000. The principal hatcheries are at Detroit and Pokagon. CHAPTER VIII. STATE SOCIETIES. Organization is the first great means necessary to the accomplishment of any project. In this respect Michigan is peculiarly fortunate. Every class seems to have its organization, and to observe the rules adopted. Among the first bodies of the State the Pioneer Society of Micliigan holds, perhaps, the highest place. The ofScers of the society retain all that-energy of character which marked their earlier years; members, generally, take a deep interest in the government of the body, and thus a promise is given of the continued existence of a noble organization. THE PIONEER SOCIETY OF MICHIGAN Was organized in 1875. Its roll of members contains 408 names, each of which is referred to m the following table : P HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. i ■< a < ■< .a 1 Q i 1 July 1,1831. 1886. 1838. May 8. 1838. November 5. 1844. May 4, 1837. June. 1843. April 24. 1825. April. 1836. Nov. 5. 1831. September 10. 1825. June?, 1838. 1834. Junel, 1836. March 27. 1836. October 15, 1835. July, 1839. June, 1833. 1840. Fehnntry. 1835. November 11. 1831. May 10. 1834 November 20. 1852 May 21. 1836. November 10, 1840. J,^\"emberl2,1837. April, 1840. May. 1836. October. 1841. July. 1837. August. 1836. May, 1888. September, 1843. 1843. July. 1837. „ „„,, Septembers. 1835. Jmie. 1830. October. 1824. September, 1843. June, 1836. September. 1835. June, 1837. April, 1835. May, 1837. September 6, 18'89. Novembers. 1631. 5, 1831. May 14, 1834. " 14, 1834. " 11, 1836. June. 1828. January 9, 1846. April 30. 1819. May. 1825. ■■ 3. 1831. August 1, 1832 .laiiuaryk 1840. August 3, 1837. May, 1885. " 1836. c 3 O i I i ; : 1 i ;>os ;s 1 - — ■«' ■§i§'M^ -^ Z 'r-. Z ,-. -A I a " liVaiiiii. '!!!!!!!!! Wayne Kent.. .■.■.■.■.'.■.■!!!!! Monroe St. Joseph Oakland! Livingston Wayne Ionia Hillsdale Lenawee Oakland Clinton Kalamazoo Wayne '!!!!!! Lenawee Washtenaw Hillsdale Ingham Mmiroe Calhoun Oakland Kalamazoo Calhoun'...!!!!!' Oakland!!!!!!!!! Washtenaw Lenawee Oakland Wayne Oakland Genesee .lackson Kalamazoo Wayne s Flint Tecuniseh Marshall Jackson Grass Lake Alaieilon Detroit Alaiedon Farmlngton Scio Scbooleraft Ann Arbor Johnstown Saline Plymouth Portland Albion Brushy Prairie.. Detroit lasaiii Ionia ,,,,!!...!... Auburn Essex iii«il''N-ill a May 10, 1810 June 18, 1816 Nov. 19, 180b Oct. 20, 1809 Jan, 7, 1814 Feb. 4, 1883 May 4, 1817 Feb. 7. 1827 May 11, 1808 Feb. 20, 1831 April 16, 1809 Oct. 5, 1817 May 21, 1823 Oct. 14, 1819 Oct. 15, 1815 April 3. 1613 Sept, 80, 1815 Feb, 80. 1889 • New York Vermont New York Massachusetts Massachusetts New York Vermont Massachusetts Connecticut New York ■Vermont New York Vermont New Jersey it;;! g>Z Massachusetts Ohio New York Vermont New York Connecticut!!!!!!!!! New York Massachusetts New York !!!!!! Pennsylvania Connecticut Vermont New York Vermont Massachusetts ... . rt- Sidney Plains, Delaware Co.... :Iadley, Saratoga Co Sangerlield Camlllus Dansville North Castle Shankakln Sullivan Covington Lodi Russell Galen East Bloomneld Canuteu Johnstown, Montgomery Co.... Sallna New Haven Saudisfield Hatavia Auburn Newburgh .Mount Pleasan t Attica Moravia Si inierset Rutland Ira. Cayuga Co New Baltimore 1 unbridge Miinson \N iiidsor Kii-hiand 1 ..vington Stillwater Mansfield Windsor Bethlehem Athens < Z % Witter J. Baxter Oliver C. Comstock D.Johnson H.H.Bingham Randolph Strickland Ephraim Longyear FIrastusS. Ingersoll W. W. Mitchell Ebenezer Lakin Brown David Scott Henry P. Cherry Sm 1 th looker LeviBlshop :::*::::;••!: ^Iplllllii'lll^ I ■; I |A ; g. ;•::■•:;:;:: i !::;::■:::::: : ! i i :£ il : i ! i : i : i: i :;:::;; M ! i i i i i • : : ;^ :-5 |W 1 i ::::::::::::::::;:•:: I :: : 55i6SSs55zSH^3Sc==i-.'=^-=^sj=.?-S3&jz+i4 1 ' -Nra.ii.o;o 1-000=0^2222 gS32r,r, 'I'z^iTiufi'-'ift?'? ^imfin^t^ CO CO TT .g. Ti- TT ..? m- -r Tp -r o ...^ L-^ ..o o o o u .k HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. V oSSg j.-SooS^ggSgSa"" " ^M-jQhJOfa^OccQQ y,lLt'^ •^'<"5-f^-? I -^-^ >gz" " |gz;>-zgg-ggz>^z" <:'^-3-5-:a<;gg-:0<-5a^a-50'^..3:Z3:^ SzS> oz Sz; SSozSz' ' " " >z' ■ " ■ sz' ' oioZoZiSzzilzMZ zo>gago^jQo°G£!BH£oawa^^gi3^g£ai£Sagphi5o^MiSg£g:f.:4 IPl=^-lI- . .^--^ >>4)rtja s-sasgoo- S ;g 1^ IIISTOKY OP MICHIGAN. r It : :* : : : :* :o : i I io ^ : : :* ; I : :^ i : iS Srt - o =: s.r:^ o = " 5- — ":.= rtoi.= :e a =-ca s:- =« = • o= o = 0 = =^ = 0^:=-:^ -• i=1/ir-li2i|ll.i§«l= isl i^ll^ "ll-s «^i»isi|2i|3ii||i|= III; a:::|p:-2|:| sis n|. . . §|¥-2|g. |J*i|' §1- : - . z>z' " ' " az" " " 3ga5>z zzzgz ;jz" i:z' ' >zSz' g>zazg>z" " o !g>z>z>o^ otBo a-S'xMtgS^^5gaxS£;^5o-Z'£3o<;£Hp^'^£zM5a3a5az-Jz^-^aaMa5zSo5grlxJi^3ai5ai >S« : • :«« -a- -g>a! = 2 -i-.^dia-;.?ai:.?S-5tt 11 1 rtH 1 r*oi.-io^rH^t-TrO zs>z' gzSSzS Z '->§ :iiS^QgS5s;.S lSSeJfel>§zzgz"" ' o§z' ' zz" " 8z' ' >z°i -zi^^iz az a-Sz -r! "H.Z r :^ 'r^ "^-'l^i^-.rtal^S^v^fe^tS^^,^-^?''.^'^ -t:" r i-r.'l^. « = Z S ZZ <^ : :a :c if^ :J : i : : : : i ^3 : : .ji :» :I :g :i : : ■§ :g» ; g "5 -Sgolsi'sic sills Qm zwaajgaofa-i^azouo -- <==:-s-ja Iht^ ailSTOUY OF MICHIGAN. THE FIRST HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MICHIGAN Was incorporated under authority given in the Act of June 23, 1828, with Lewis Cass, Henry Whiting, John Biddle, Gabriel Richard, Noah M. Wells, Richard F. Cadle, Isaac M"Ilvain, Zara H. Coston, Austin E. Wing, Thomas Rowland, John L. Whiting, Henry S. Cole, Jonathan Kearsley, Samuel W. Dexter, Zina Pitcher, Edwin P. James, Henry R. Schoolcraft, and Charles C. Trowbridge, charter members. THE STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY Is distinct from the State Agricultural Board, the latter being simply an executive over the Agricultural College under the laws of tlie State. The former was organ- ized at Lansing, March 23, 1849, and was especially incorporated by Act of April 2 following, since which time it has numbered among its officers and executive members some of tlie foremost men of the State. It has held annual fairs in various places, and the number of entries for premiums has risen from 623 to several thousands, and its receipts from $808.50 to $58,780. The premiums offered and awarded have increased proportionally. STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. At an informal meeting of several gentlemen in Grand Rapids, Feb. 11, 1870, it was resolved to organize a State pomological society, and at an adjourned meet- ing on the 26th of the same month, the organization was perfected, and the first officers elected were : H. G. Saunders, president ; S. S. Fuller, treasurer, and A. T. Linderman, secretary. The society was incorporated April 15, 1871, " for the purpose of promoting pomology, horticulture, agriculture, and kindred sciences and arts." During the first two j^ears monthly meetings were required, but in 1872 quarterly meetings were substituted. It now has a room in the basement of the new capitol. T. T. Lyon, of South Haven, is president, and Charles W. Gar- field, of Grand Rapids, secretary. Under the supervision of this society, Michigan led the world in the centennial exposition at Philadeljjhia in the exhibition of Winter apples. The contributions of this society to pomological literature are also richer than can be found elsewhere in the United States. THE MICHIGAN STATE FIREMEN'S ASSOCIATION Was organized April 13, 1875, at Battle Creek, for " the protection and promotion of the best interests of the firemen of Michigan, the compilation of fire statistics, the collection of information concerning the practical working of different systems of organization, the examination of the merits of the different kind of fire appar- atus in use and the improvement in the same, and the cultivation of a fraternal fellowship between the different companies in the State." The association holds V HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. its meetings annually at various places in the State, and as often publish their pro- ceedings in pamphlet form. STATE BOARD OP PUBLIC HEALTH. This board was established in 1873, and consists of seven members, appointed by the Governor, the Secretary ex officio, a member and principal executive officer. It is tjie duty of this board to make sanitary investigations and inquiries respecting the causes of disease, especially of epidemics; the causes of mortality, and the effects of localities, employments, conditions, ingesta, habits and circumstances on the health of the people ; to advise other officers in regard to the location, drain- age, water supply, disposal of excreta, heating and ventilation of any public build- ing ; and also to advise all local health officers concerning their duties, and to recommend standard works from time to time on hygiene for the use of public schools. The secretary is required' to collect information concerning vital statistics, knowledge respecting diseases, and all useful information on the subject of hygiene, and through an annual report, and otherwise, as the board may direct, to dissem- inate such information among the people. These interesting duties have been performed by Dr. Henry B. Baker from the organization of the board to the present time. The board meets quarterly at Lansing. CHAPTER IX. MICHIGAN AND ITS RESOURCES. The pig metal produced by the upper peninsula furnaces during the year 1880 had an approximate market value of $1,941,000 and the whole of the total output of the Lake Superior iron mines for that year was about $19,500,000. The aggregate product of these furnaces and mines between the date of the Jackson discovery and the close of the last calendar year was more than $118,000,000. The product of 1881 promises to exceed $20,000,000 in value. THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES. In what are called the iron and steel industries — including in these terms furnaces, rolling mills, steel-works, forges and bloomaries, and excluding mines — Michigan ranked as the eighth State in 1880 according to the figures collected for the United States census of that 3^ear. It was surpassed by Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York, Illinois, New Jersey, Wisconsin and West Virginia. Its increase in this production from 1870 to 1880 was sixty-five per cent., and the totals of the returns for 1880 were as follows : At-— *- HISTORY OF MICHIGAN. Number of establishments. _ 22 Amount of capital invested $ 4,175,386 Numberof employ 6s 3,089 Total of wages paid to employes in iSSo $922,597 Value of materials used in 1880 $3,279420 Value of the total product of 18S0 $4,591,613 Weight of the product of 1880 (in net tons) 142.716 Weight of the product of 1879 (in net tons) 86,679 THE COPPER PRODUCT. At the close of 1880 the Lake Superior copper districts had produced $301,654 tons of refined copper valued at 8142,616,137. The total output of that year was 24,869 tons valued at $9,947,673, which was taken from thirty mines. The pro- duction of 1881 will surpass that of any previous year. A paragraph which appeared in an upper peninsula newspaper stating that " the net earnings of the Lake Superior copper mines for the first half of the year 1881 exceed those of any precious metal mining state or territory in the Union," was submitted for verifica- cation to Eastern mining authorities, and elicited in reply the following statement, fully substantiating tlie assertion of the newspaper relerred to. The figures given show the net earnings of the gold, silver and copper mines of the States and terri- tories embraced in them for the first six months of 1881 : California $ 998,000 Nevada ,. 791,250 Utah 375,000 Arizona 900,000 Dakota 560,000 Colorado 962,000 Montana - 240,000 Georgia . 8,000 Michigan... 1,410,000 Total $6,244,250 THE PRODUCTS OF A YEAR. The natural products of the State in 1879 — the latest year concerning which statistics are complete — were estimated by Gov. Jerome in his message to the leg- islature at the beginning of 1881, to amount to a valuation of nearly $170,000,000, made up of the following items : Agricultural products $88, 500,000 Timber 60,000,000 Copper 8,000,000 Iron 10,000,000 Salt 2,000,000 Fish 1,000,000 "f HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. MICHIGAN CKOPS FOE 1881. Returns received from 913 correspondents, located in 664 townships in Decem- ber. 1881, show the estimated acreage and condition of wheat sowed in 1881 as compared with 1880, the estimated yield in 1881 of corn, clover seed, and potatoes, and tlie condition (as regards flesh) of cattle and sheep on Dec. 1, as compared with Dec. 1, 1880. The estimates show that the present acreage sown in 1880 by two per cent , and in tlie counties north of the southern tiers by six per cent., indi- cating a probable acreage in the State of about 1,834,529 acres. The condition Dec. 1 in the southern four tiers of counties was about 132 per cent., and in the northern counties about 117 per cent., of the condition Dec. 1, 1880. This excel- lent showing is supplemented in numerous instances by statements that the wheat presents an unusually fine appearance, having started well and obtained large growth. The white grub and Hessian fly are reported present in various localities, but while they undoubtedly did injure individual fields, the repo^-ts do not indicate that their ravages noticeably affected the aggregate product of the State. Wheat seldom, if ever, has gone into the Winter in better condition than this year. The yield of corn in 1881 is estimated at 40,460,901 bushels of ears, or about 20,230,450 bushels of shelled corn. Tliese figures are based on the acreage as esti- mated in September, and the yield per acre as estimated in December. At tlie date of making the reports but a small portion of the clover seed had been hulled, and correspondents in the counties in the southern part of the State, and in Grand Traverse and Newaygo counties in the northern section, report the clover seed greatly damaged by the wet weather, many fields being entirely ruined. Some of them estimate one-fourth of the crop destroyed. One correspondent in Cass reported fifteen per cent, rotting in the fields, and another thinks not a bushel will be saved in liis township. Tiie yield of potatoes is estimated at fifty-five bushels per acre in the southern and 109 bushels in the northern counties. The average condition (as regards flesh) of cattle in the southern four tiers of counties is about the same, and of sheep two per cent, better, wiiile in tlie northern counties tlie average of each is about seven per cent, better than on Dec. 1, 1880. The following statement shows the Population for 1880, Number of Acres of Land Assessed in 1881, Aggregate of Real and Personal Estate as Assessed in 1881, Aggregate of Real and Personal Estate as Equalized by Boards of Supervisors for 1881, Amount Added or Deducted by State Board of Equalization, Aggregate of Real and Personal Estate as Equalized by State Board of Equalization for 1881: 9 K* HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. COUNTIES. i Aggregate of Real and Personal Estate, as As- sessed iu 1881. Aggregate of Real and Personal Estate, as Equalized by LHiount Added or Uedcicted by State Board of Equali- AgeregateofReal and Personal Estate as Equal- ized by .State Board of Equal- lization for 1881. Cliarlevoi Cbeboyga Chippewa On lago Oseeola. (isoo.la (itsego Pivsqi'ii-isie siiiiilac- .!'.'.'. Tus epb. Waslili^na Waviir.... Wixford., Total ... 3.107 37,806 8.789 5.a37 1,804 25,319 38,081 3.433 3B.780 a7,941 38.4.'j!J aa.OOB 5,114 t),5S4 5,a43 4.187 27,534 1.159 B,812 31, 223 B,t)40 39,219 1.127 8,422 21.937 .32,726 22,473 20,089 33,B7- 33,872 42,031 34,342 2,9;: 73.252 4.270 3.233 30,138 B.2d3 48.348 22,251 2,902 31,B27 12,533 1,334 25,393 10,063 13,973 11.988 6.894 1.553 33,623 33,148 "26,586 14,688 41,537 11,699 1,914 2.565 10,777 467 1,974 33.125 3.113 1,469 59,095 26,341 1,575 27,059 4B,197 26.626 25,739 30.B07 41.848 1,636,336 29,306,820,20 $ 2.492,537,00 9.652,330.00 3.016.5U8.50 2,162,872.11 639,656.00 11.332.459.00 12.901. 1S3. 00 1.205.586.00 12.91K.4:i4.00 10,261.965.09 19,527.765.00 13.667.602.00 1,631,271.00 2.761. 83V1.00 1,558.071.00 2,377,681.00 16.631.293.00 935,244.05 " "l2.'562,'796.o6 ' 825,893.01) 19,166.661.00 1.022.900.00 2,439 964.00 7.126,921.00 17.912.619.00 1.619,589.00 4,661.982.00 8.872.448.00 18.901.030.00 2.475.991.62 18,016 252.00 619.263.13 1.921.i.r4l 12,136,604.00 12.355.417.00 1,403.953.' 16.010.686. ( 1,686,782.00 3.'i2i"480.b'6 ' 3.166.244.80 2,868.075.80 1,757.862.25 2.113.221.00 1.519.658.44 14,952.990.00 9,366,171.00 1.211,247.00 3,586,559.00 2.508,083.00 24.432.277.00 1.736,393.00 905,693.01 1,414.972.00 1,897.220.00 749,468.00 1.102.548.00 6,833.087.00 1.029.825.99 1,176.732.14 20,914.101.00 3.899,273.00 2,481.034.41 11.937,044.00 13,653.363.00 15,994,663.00 7,712,647.00 12.697.438.00 29,024,665.00 110,693,130.00 1,935,864.00 S669,344.2'8"3.55 1,021.494.00 13.0141,937.00 10.155,1)110,011 Add Add Add Add 12,000.000.001 Add 836.393.00 Add 19,115,427.71 Add 1.059,095.00 Aild 9,25.5,301.00 19,084,537,00 2,480,307.00 18,013.210.00 1,537,558.44 Add 15,213,276.60 Add 8.490,000.00 Add 3,9l)l..2,)4.UU ■ 1.934,705.00 11.010.000.00 11.141.078.00 16.103,848.00 ,Vdd Add Add A(U1 S 7.473.00 4,196.600.00 600,000.011 262,317.76 660,344,00 1,694.709.00 7,000,000.00 478.606.00 1.958.063.00 .345 4,000,000.00 1,163.607.00 1,884,572.29 140,90; 474, 1-;.- ssii, II 1,1 5, 057^800. liO 1,069,249.00 838,000.00 900.000.00 100,000.00 17,744,699.00 3,915,463.00 978,442.00 692,780.00 250.632.00 565,295.00 2.490,000.00 3.858.922.00 1,896,152.00 t 2.,500,000.00 13.600,000.00 3,100.000.00 2,600.000.00 1.300,000.00 18.000.000.00 18,000.000.00 1.500.000. 00 16.000,000,00 1.00 24,: .00 $654,005,885,421 2.0110.01)0.00 2.500.000.00 16.000.000.00 1.200.000.00 2.500,000.00 16.0IIO.()0(l.OO 2.0IHI,UOO.IIO 7,000.000.00 21.000.000.00 2.500.000.00 5.000,000.00 4,000.000,00 1011.000.00 27,OOI),01IO.OO 23.0110,000.00 2,500.000.00 33.000.000.00 800.000.00 2.000.000.00 13.000,000.00 1.000.000.00 27.500.000.00 15.000.000.00 2.600,000.00 15,000,000.00 3.500,000.00 250,000.00 6,000,000.00 2.500.000.00 l..Mrii.iHlll.0O 2,0011.1100,00 2.500.000.00 1.0110.000.00 1.500,000,00 8.500.000.00 1.250,000.00 1.600.000.00 25.000.000.00 5.000.000.00 2,500,000.00 18,500,000.00 15.000,000.00 18,000,000.00 H.llllO.IIOO.OO $810,000,000.00 r ih^ HISTORY OF ^lACOMB COUNTY. THE VESSEL INTEREST. According to the tonnage statistics of the United States for the date of June 30, 1880 (as given in tlie American almanac for 1881), not one of the States located away from the ocean coast equals Michigan in the number of vessels owned by its citizens or in their aggregate tonnage. The exact figures are given in this table : State. No. of Total vessels. tonnage. Michigan _ 979 162, ig6 Illinois 459 86,634 Wisconsin _-_ 383 74.083 Ohio 485 139.509 Missouri- _ 319 141.975 Michigan also surpasses, in this respect, the seaboard States of Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island and Oregon, and all the cotton and gulf States, while it far outstrips in tonnage both Virginia and Maryland, although surpassed by them in the number of vessels. It exceeds California in the number of its vessels, but not in the tonnage total. The coast line of Michigan is only surpassed by that of Florida, and it has ports upon four of the great lakes. Its coasting traides exceedingly valuable, and its vessel interest represents much capital and nterprise, and deserves an important place in a catalogue of its sources of employ- ment for labor. In this connection the fact should be mentioned that ship yards are located at Detroit, Wyandotte, Port Huron, Bay City, Marine City, St. Clair, Grand Haven and other shore towns and ports. THE GROWTH OF FORTY YEARS. A subject of such vital interest demands the first attention of every agricul- tural society and every agriculturist in the State, and to present at a glance the growth and magnitude of the industry, we have prepared from authentic sources, a little table showing the acreage, the yield per acre, when possible, and the aggre- gate bushels grown at intervals for the last forty j^ears : Years. Acres. Yield per Acre. Bushels. 1839 — 2,157,100 1849 492,580 10 4,925,800 1S53 473.451 15 --- 71I28.104 1859 — 8,313,200 1S63 843,881 II>^ 9,688,672, 1869 16,295,772 1873 1,134,484 13 3-5 15,456,202 1876 1,223,212 --I3ji ..16,885,179 1877 1,312,352 18 23.793.039 187S 1,523,841.. 18 28,000,000 i ^ 132 HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. LEADING THE VAN. Out of tlie nine wheat States which outranked Micliigan in 1840, she has out- stripped all but Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, while Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and California have, within the last few years, shot forward into the front rank. Cora- pared with these great States, the Lower Peninsula surpasses them all save Indi- ana, area for area, in wheat production, and were it possible to compare the pro- portion of land under cultivation in the two States, there can be no doubt but it would surpass Indiana, also. The State motto might well read : " If vou seek the American wheat peninsula, look around you." The table also reveals the surprising fact that while the aggregate product of wheat in Michigan has doubled about every ten years, the average yield per acre has increased from ten bushels, in 1849, to eighteen bushels, in 1877. The causes for this most gratifying result are not far to seek. It is due to the greater care of farmers in selecting seed ; to the introduction of new varieties, such as the Claw- son, which yields better than its predecessors ; to irajDroved machinery and methods of drilling and harvesting ; and to an increase of live stock, and consequent increase of fertilization. Tlie increase in the aggregate is due mainly, to the rapid settle- ment and clearing up of the country, and tliere is no reason to sujipose that the increase will be seriously checked until the millions of acres of wild lands are finally brought under cultivation. What the limit will be, must be left to conjec- ture. •Fls — «^ J^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. CHAPTER X. INTRODUCTION. He who would deserve a place in the memory of posterity, must collate and preserve the history of the acts and times of his ancestors. It is the duty of Jus- tice to hand down the Past and Present to the people of the Future. It is the duty of the Present to commemorate the Past, to perpetuate the names of the pioneers, to furnish a record of their early settlement, — to relate the story of their progress. The civilization of our day, the enlightenment of the age, and the solemn bond which binds us to our ancestry, demand that a record of tlieir lives and deeds should be made. In local history is found a power to instruct man by precedent, to enliven the mental faculties, and to waft down the river of time, a safe vessel, in which the names and actions of the people, who contributed to raise this country from its primitive state, may be preserved. Surely and rapidly, the great old men, who in their prime entered the wildernesses of this Peninsula, and claimed the virgin soil as their heritage, are passing to their graves. The number remaining, who can relate the history of the first days of settlement, is becoming small indeed, so that an actual necessity exists for the collection and pre- servation of historical matter without delay. Not only is it of the greatest importance to render the history of the pioneer times full and accurate ; but it is almost equally essential that the history of the county from the earliest times, down to our own day, should be treated through its various phases, so that a record, complete and impartial, may be handed down to the future. If this information is not now collated and compiled in historical form, the generations of the future will be called upon to expend large sums of money in research and exploration. The present — the iron age of progress — is reviewed, standing out in bold relief over the quiet, unostentatious olden times ; it is a brilliant record which shall live as long as language lives. ' The good works of men, their magnificent enterprises, their lives, whether com- mercial or military, do not sink into oblivion ; but, on the contrary, grow brighter with age, and contribute to build up a record, destined to carry with it precedents and principles, that will be advanced and observed, when the acts of soulless men sliall be forgotten, and their names like themselves end in their graves. History te^ jjs 134 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. entwines itself with the names of the notorious as well as with those of the illus- trious, whenever the former are held up for the scorn, and the latter for the admira- tion of men, — there, the pen of impartiality may be traced ; for never yet was the writer true to his conscience or to his country who clothed the wolf in the fleece of the lamb, or who, by sophistry, painted a coward as a hero. In the pages devoted to the history of Macomb County, the useful man and his work will have that prominence, to which his physical and moral courage entitle him. It is a necessity that the names of such men sliould be transmitted ; because many of them, whose lives made material for this work, have passed into eternity ; others stand on the brink of tlie grave. Tiiose who have joined the majority, as well as these who are soon to visit the Better Land, have done good service, claiming as their reward here, the only boon, that their children and children's children sliould be reminded of their fidelity, and jarofit by their examples. To give effect to this laudable desire is the aim of the writer. Turning over the records of the count)'', nothing of moment has been left unnoticed. Beyond the period, over which the records extend, all that is legendary has been examined and utilized. Although the Old Settlers and their children extended a full co- operation, the work necessitated the most earnest labor on the part of the writer and his assistants. Success waited on such labor, with the result of bringing forth from their hiding-places many valuable papers, upon which to base a just account of early times. Many of the surviving old settlers were interviewed, and from their reminiscences of olden times, a good deal of all that is historically valu- able, in these pages, was selected. The reader must remember that the general histori/ of the county does not em- brace every historical event. Nothing has found a place in this very important section of the work, which did not possess a character of generalization. Begin- ning with the history of geological formations, archaeological discoveries, meteoro- logical phenomena, zoological representatives, and physical characteristics, this chapter is succeeded by a full account of Indian and pioneer days, American settle- ment, together with a number of chapters, each one complete and most important in itself. The general history is followed by the chapters devoted to township and village history, each chapter forming a complete historical and historia-biographical sketch of a township, city or village. No effort has been spared to render this portion of the work reliable as well as interesting. Unlike the history of the State, County, Townships and Villages, biography is the work of many men, whose notes were ti-anscribed, retranscribed, and very gen- erally submitted to the persons concerned, for revision or correction ; so that if VAs r- ^^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. literary errors occur, it must be credited to the person, who gave the biographical sketch in the first instance. The irrepressihle ti/pos often make grave errors which no foresight can set aside ; therefore if typographical errors do appear, let justice guide the critic to sympathize with the children at the typo's case, — whose art doth move the world. Deal lightly with their excesses. GEOLOGICAL CONFORMATIONS. In tracing the geological history of the county, it will be only necessary to revert to the era when the accumulated sediments of the ocean were beino' formed into masses of rock. Geology teaches that the continents of tlie world were once beneath the ocean, even as Scripture implies that a sea of mud, resembling in sub- stance a South African river, was arranged by an Almighty hand, and the liquid sepa]-ated from the solids contained therein. The inequalities in the ocean bed, corresponding with the hills and valleys of our land, point out the truths of geo- logical science. The recent deep-sea soundings reveal mountains and hills, valleys, and table-lands. The greatest depth reached was over 29,000 feet, which exceeds the height of the loftiest peak of the Himalayas. Some of the mountains," spring- ing from the bed of the ocean, are steeper and more abrupt than any on the face of the earth. In the Irish Sea and British Channel the depth changes, within a radius of ten miles, from 600 to 12,000 feet ; and it is very common, within a few miles of our coasts and islands, for the depth of the waters to change suddenly from a few hundred to many thousand feet. In otlier cases, as in the bed of the Atlantic between Spain and the United States, there are plateaux extending hundreds of miles, with very slight undulations. The mysterious race that once occupied this continent may have sailed in galleons over this peninsula of Michigan, and sounded the depth of the waters which rose above it, in precisely the same manner as the mariners of our day cast the sounding line into our great lakes and the oceans. It may be concluded that the State which we inhabit was totally submerged at the beginning of the carboniferous period. At the close of that epoch, a great up- heaval of sea bottom formed a line of solid earth across the southern counties of Michigan, which extended to an older and wider formation in Southern Ohio. The land comprised in the original county of Macomb continued submerged for ages ; but by degrees the southern belt rose higher, spread out toward the northern con- tinent, and actually approached the condition of dry land at the beginning of the coal-deposit era. At this time lakes Micliigan, Huron, Ontario and Erie were not in existence, their centers forming the channel of a great river, with expansions at intervals. This torrent swept over this now prosperous district of Michigan. The great geological age — the Mesozoic — dates from this time. It was marked by ac- tivity in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, by mild climates, and myriads of rep- tiles, which swarmed in rivers and over lands. Vl® HISTORY OF :\IACOMB COUNTY. The Tertiary period succeeded the Mesozoic. It was the age of beautifid climates, and high development of mammals. Animals, greater than the mastodon, roamed over the land, through magnificent forests, meeting their enemy — man, and ultimately falling beneath his repeated attacks. The glaciers came to desti'oy all this gigantic beauty ; the snow and ice came on, burying all nature in their whitness, and robbing the land itself of life. It was the beginning of the Glacial period, the duration of -which is lost in mystery. Were it possible to ignore the existence of a Divine Architect, and his action in forming the earth we inhabit, the continuance of the Ice Age might be set down at 2,000 years. There is no intention, however, to ignore the Omnipotent, and, therefore, what bears the impress of being the work of 2,000 years, might have been compassed in a moment. Spiing time came, and under the influence of its season the sea of ice which covered land and water to a depth of .5,000 feet began to break up, to dissolve, when the solids held within its grasp fell down and formed a bed of rocky frag- ments or boulder drift. This rocky conformation must not be confounded with the partial drift of after years, evidences of which are given in many sections of our county. SUPERFICIAL MATERIALS. Abundant evidences are furnished along the shores of St. Clair Lake and river as well as those of Lake Huron, of the unbroken continuity of the action of those physical forces, which have assorted and transported the materials of the Drift. From the shingle beach formed by the violence of the last gale, we trace a series, of beaches and terraces, gradually rising as we recede from the shore, and becoming more and more covered with the lichens and mould and forest growths which de- note antiquity, until in some cases the phenomena of shore action blend with the features which characterize the Glacial Diift. These observations tally with the views of Pictet on the continuity of the Diluvian and Modern Epochs, as established b}^ paliBontological evidences. So also may we behold evidences of the disintegra- tion of strata, which formerly existed in this very county — we may see every day the comminuted materials lying around us in all directions. The uses of these cobbles are known wherever a pavement is necessary ; while on the land they keep it warm as it were, and aid in the growth of grain crops. These remnants of com- minution are principally rounded fragments of syenite, greenstone, vitreous and jasperous sandstones, horn-rock, talcase and of the serpentinous rocks of the azoic series. Here are the rocks overspread with blue clay, plutonic boulders and pebbles. There is a curious rock on the farm of Edwin Lamb in Washington Town- ship. It consisted of ordinary cobble stones bound together by a kind of water lime cement. Some years ago it was examined l)y Wm. A. Burt, who gave it as L HISTORY OF MACOMB COUXIY. liis opinion that it had been brought here from northern Michigan on a cake of ice at a time when all the county was covered by the waters of Lake St. Clair. In other places those rude materials are often arranged in rude courses, which have a curved dip, and appear outcropping on the hill-sides and sometimes upon the plains. Tlie outcrop is very irregular in this county. In the deep borings for brine, as well as in the shallow surface water-reservoirs, these boulders and pebbles have been found. Again entire fields bear them upon the surface, or so near the surface that each successive plowing brings them more prominently into view. In some places a field is found bearing nine and twelve cobble stones on every square foot of its surface ; such fields are generally very productive, the onlj^ fault being in the difficult}^ of plowing them. There is a thin series of argillaceous magnesian limestones and marls, embracing beds and masses of gypsum, and, in some regions, strata of liock Salt is known as the Salina. It is the lowest stratified rock known in the Lower Peninsula. Its belt of outcrop stretches across the point of land north of Mackinac, from Little Point au Ciiene to the vicinity of the mouth of Carp River, and close to the shore from that point to West Moran Bay. Tlie formation, with the characteristic gypsum, is seen beneath the water surface at the little St. Martin Island, and at Goose Island near Mackinac. Dipping beneath the Lower Peninsula, it re-appears in Monroe Count}' wliere it has been exposed in some of the deepest quarries. In the well-borings at Mt. Clemens, as well as at Alpena and Caseville, this formation has l)een reached, and near Sandusky, Ohio, it affords valuable gypsum deposits. At Mt. Clemens the Salt Rock was not reached, though at Alpena and Caseville a thick bed of such rock was penetrated, doubtless similar, or rather equivalent to tlie beds at Goderich in Canada. The total thickness of this formation is a matter of speculation, but is supposed to be fifty or sixty feet in depth above the Salt Rock. The stratification based on information obtained from the measurement of remote outcrops of the group, may be placed as follows : Calcareous clay as seen at Bois Blanc. Fine ash-colored limestone, with acicular crystals, as at Ida, Otter Creek and Plum Creek quarries, and at Mackinac, Round and Bois Blanc Island. Variegated gypseous marls, with imbedded masses of gypsum, as at Little Point au Chene and the St. Martin Islands. A group of argillaceous and magnesian limestones outcrop along the western shore of Lake Erie, and exists beneath the surface in the counties bordering on the lake and river St. Clair. It consists of an aigillaceous, chocolate-colored, magne- sian limestone in regular layers, each layer from four to eight inches thick. This conformation seems to correspond with the tvaterlime formation of New York. The formation known as corniferous litnestone, is very general in masses of HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. horn-stone. The dark color of the rock is imparted by the presence of bituminous matter, which often shows itself in the thin partings between the strata. Petroleum saturates the formation, and as the bitumen colors the rock, so does the petroleum bestow on it its peculiar odor, often oozing from the crevices, and showing itself on the streams in the vicinity. The black shale at the bottom of the argillaceous strata known as the Huron group, is about 20 feet thick, sometimes laminated and fissile. This shale has doubtless been pierced in the borings at Mt. Clemens, as it is known to exist in St. Clair, and counties adjoining Macomb. The shale resembles coal, and when placed in a stove or grate gives a blaze resembling that of coal. We also find here a species of shales more arenaceous than the black shale, which, to use the language of geology, terminate in a sei-ies of laminated, argilla- ceous, micaceous, friable sandstone, which pass into the Waverly group. The Black Shale hitherto regarded holds an important place in the stratifica- tion of this county, particularly on its southern borders. It appears that about the year 1858, F. P. Boutellier undertook the boring of a well in Greenfield township in the county of Wayne. The earth was penetrated beneath a saw-mill, then in operation. The drill having passed through the clay and subjacent rock, entered the blue-black shale, which it passed through at a depth of seventy or eighty feet. At this moment the iron was wrested from the hands of the laborers as if by some supernatural power. This phenomena was followed by a violent escape of gas, and an upheaval of water and sand. The stream of fetid gas became ignited in some manner, and formed a fiery column, reaching to the roof of the mill. All efforts to extinguish the blaze proved utterly futile, the burning roof of the building had to be removed, and a furnace pipe placed over the boring to guide the terrific flame. This last act in the drama of that well boring had the effect of extinguishing the fire. Boutellier, it need scarcely be said, was happy for this denouement ; yet he took precautions against the recurrence of such an eruption, by filling up the boring with pebbles, and clay, and i-efusing permission to have such an experiment repeated. In Ster- ling township one of such wells created a sensation some time ago. Throughout Wayne, Macomb and St. Clair counties there are evidences of the existence of gas fountains, if not actual oil reservoirs. This fetid gas was undoubt- edly the product of distilled petroleum lying below the gas fountain in a similar position to the oil reservoirs of Petrolia and Oil Springs in Canada. GAS WELLS. On the grounds of Geo. C. Walker at New Baltimore is a gas well, which gives up sufiicient gas to light his residence. It is his intention to utilize this light-mak- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ing stream, by guiding it into the cookery and throughout the house. The well is only 56 feet in depth. About the same time that Mr. Walker bored this well three other persons in the village engaged in a like enterprise, and struck the same gaseous vein. It is stated that about the year 1850 the existence of natural gas, at this point, was no- ticed by many of the villagers. Below the Hathaway warehouse bul)bles were ob- served on the surface of the water, while a closer inspection pointed out the fact that some submarine power agitated the sand below the water, raising it up in cones and then scattering it around. SUBTERRANEAN CHANNELS. In consequence of the changes to which the various strata of the county has been subjected, the waters have carved for themselves, even within our own time, a passage through it, and find their way to the lower lakes throngli subterraneous rivulets, causing the diminution of, and sometimes the total disappearance of ponds and creeks. This, doubtless, is to-day operating against our rivers, and accounts for the visible reduction of the volume of water, compared with that which marked them in Territorial days. This diminution is partly attributed to increased evapo- ration, consequent upon the removal of the forests. In the same way we must account for the reports of public officers in the olden times — one reports the Huron River navigable for thirty miles ; the other reports the hrine obtained from the springs of the civil district of Huron capable of yield- ing 25 per cent, of solid saline matter. WATER RESERVOIRS. The small bodies of water or lakelets with which certain portions of Macomb County are diversified, rest in depressions shaped in the layer of modified drift. The remarkable group of water fountains in the northwestern township of the county, together with those in the northeastern part of Oakland, continues through Livingston, Washtenaw, and onwards to the lakes of Grattan in Kent County. They are particularly scattered along the scarcely descending banks of the Huron of Lake St. Clair, or the Clinton and its tributaries, and are strung like beads along these streams, many of them, probably, the ancient work of beavers. The lakelets of Macomb County, as of the Lower Peninsula in general, are surrounded by gravelly, elevated shores on two or three sides, with frequently a low, marshy border fringing the remainder of the contour. As the streams which feed them are clear, the water of the lakes is limpid and healthful, tliough of the char- acter known as hard. They furnish, therefore, charming places of Summer resort. The same species of fish and molluscs inhabit the different lakelets of the county, however disconnected. This fact presents an interesting and difficult problem to -fT ^\±^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the investigator of the origin of species. The most natural inference is. that at a former period a general S3'stem of water communication existed among the various bodies of water in this part of the Peninsula, and at tliis time one fauna extended through all its limits. A similar problem, but of a larger magnitude, is presented by the similar faunas inhabiting different rivers and lake systems, and especial)}' wlien the different systems discharge into the sea at different points, and their jiigher sources, as well as their valleys of discharge, are separated bj' elevations too great to admit the hypothesis of a general fresh-water inundation in former times. It requires but casual observation to become convinced that nearly all these lakelets have formerly been of larger size. The shore upon one or more sides is frequently low and sedgy, and stretclies back over an expanse of marsh and allu- vial land to a sloping, gravelly bank, which appears to have been the ancient con- tour of the lake or river expansion. The lowland between the ancient shore and the modern is composed of a bed of peat, genei'ally underlaid by a bed of marl. Beneath the marl may be found, in many cases, a deposit of blue, plastic clay, which forms a transition to the layer of modified drift before described. Each of these deposits may have a thickness of a few inches or more, up to ten or twenty feet. That all these formations have been laid down from the flooded or Ciiamplain Period is evident : first, from their superposition on the modified drift ; second, from tlie fact that the lake is performing in our own times the same work as we see completed in the low-border marsh ; third, from the gradual extension of many lake-border marshes, and the corresponding diminution of the areas of the lakes. The calcareous character of the water of tliese lakelets makes them a fitting abode for numerous species of lime-secreting molluscs. These animals eliminate ti]e lime from the water and build it into the structure of their shells. Finally the mollusc dies and its shell falls to the bottom, where it undergoes disintegration into a white powder, or becomes buried in the progressing accumulation of such mate- rial. Another portion of the marly deposit forming in the bed of the lakes is probably derived from calcareous i^recipitation directly from the lake water. Thus a bed of marl is forming over the whole bottom of the lake, in situations sufficiently protected and shallow to serve as the abode of shell-making animals. But on the leeward side the immediate shore is the seat of a layer of peat. Bulrushes lift their heads through water one or two feet deep. A little nearer the shore flags may be seen, and still nearer scouring rushes. On the immediate border of the land willows and water-loving sedges hold a place, while further back other sedges and grasses take possession in varying j)roportions. This is the lee side of the lakes. Floating leaves, twigs, stems, therefore find their way among the lake-side growths, and becoming entangled, sink and fall into gradual decay. More than this, each autumn's crop of dead vegetation, produced round the borders of these lakes. V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ^u contributes to the accumulation of vegetable material, which gra dually changes into the condition of humus and j>eat. This is a work begun at the surface of the water. When this substance sinks, it overlies what the lake had hitherto accumu- lated. When the peat layer is first begun, the previous accumulation is marl, and hence the well-known order of superposition of these two deposits. The peat bed grows lakeward as the continued formation of marl shallows the water. In the course of time, the actual seat of operations becomes removed far from the ancient shore, and a broad marsh comes into existence, with peat everywhere at the surface and marl beneath. On the Benjamin Farm, just south of Romeo, this formation may be seen. The enterprise of the owner has not only rendered the lake site capable of high cultivation, but has also brought to light the surfaces as they were formed during the last thousand years. ANCIENT LAKE SITES. Almost the entire country may be considered an ancient lake site ; yet in a re- ference here, the writer wishes to deal with the ponds of the county, which, long years after the Champlain epoch, were large sheets of water. As many existing ponds have obviously been contracted from their ancient limits, so a little reflection makes it obvious that many lakes, once existing here, have become quite extinct through the completion of the process of filling up. It is probable that every marsh in the county marks the site of an ancient lake. Level as the surface of the water, which determined their limits and depth, not a few of them retain, at some point, vestiges of the lakes which they have displaced ; and others exhibit all trans- itions from a reeking and quaking bog to an alluvial meadow ; while in nearly all cases ditching discloses the peaty, marly and clayey materials, in the order in which, under lake action, they are accumulating before our eyes along actual lake borders. The absence of any marked, general inclination of the surface in our Peninsula, has made it the seat of an extraordinary number of small lakes, ancient and modern, and hence, also, a region of small local marshes. Some of these may be found on almost every section of land ; but the majority of them form meadow lands, or even tillable fields, and constitute the choicest patches in tlie farmers' possession. Many of these ancient lake sites, nevertheless, remain for the present notiiing but swamps, and demand resolute ditching for their thorough reclamation, as is evidenced by the old oranherry marsh so well remem- bered by the old settlers of Wayne, Macomb, and Oakland. MINERAL WATEllS. The salt springs of Macomb county result from an overflow of the great sali- ferous basin of the Peninsula. 'bL, HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. Tiie wells at Mt. Clemens were bored upon the thinning-out edge of this basin, almost one degree of longitude south-east of the highest saturation point and at a place where' the brine would necessarily be diluted with surface water or with that of subteri'anean rivers. Consequently, the hritie of Mt. Clemens must be con- sidered separately from that so prized by salt manufacturers, for the reason that it is a medicinal mineral water, rather than a common salt brine. The difiSculties pre- sented by this water in the manufacture of common salt therefrom, are due to the large quantity of deliquescent salts of calcium and magnesium existing in connec- tion with the chloride of sodium ; but what it loses in this respect is more than compensated for by the large quantity of salts present, possessing, in connection with the sulphuretted hydrogen, a decided medicinal effect. Chief among the active ingredients, in addition to those mentioned is iodine, an agent whose value has long been recognized by the medical profession. THE SALT SPRING OF 1797. The S'alt Spring near the bank of Salt River in the vicinity of which the squatters of 1797 located, was considered by them a most valuable property. This spring appeared in the glen, close by the Plank Road Bridge of later days — four miles from the mouth of the river. In a report tendered to Tliomas Jefferson by Charles S. Jonett in 1804, this agent of the government makes the following state- ment:— "From experiments which have been made, I am justified in saying that this spring deserves the public attention, it was wrought sometime by a couple of men, who, owing to their want of capital, were incapal:)le of conducting the business on an advantageous plan. By these men I am assured that a quart of water did with them turn out a gill of salt, and in all their trials with greater quantities it never failed to produce a like proportion. Tiiere is a suflScient quantit}^ of water to supply works to any extent." From a report made by Douglass Houghton in 1838 to the Legislature, the analysis of the brine, said to be so rich in the saline properties, in the report of Jonett to Secretary Jefferson in 1804, was as follows : Analysis of hrine, sections two and eleven, Chesterfield. Specific gravity.- 1.0057 Cliloride Sodium .0.549 " Calcium 0.013 " Magnesium 0.037 Sulphate of Lime 0.015 Sulphate of Magnesia _ Carbonate of Lime 0.014 Compounds of Iron o.ooi Other Constituents Total solid matter .0.629 MT. CLEMENS MAGNETIC WATERS. A committee appointed by the Northeastern Medical and Scientific Society reported very favorably of the waters produced by the Mt. Clemens mineral springs. t\±, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 143 From an analysis made by Prof. Duffield in 1872, it is learned that the specific gravity at 60" Fahrenheit, is 1.129. The total amount of mineral matter per pint was 1417.6200, and the total amount of Chloride of Sodium per pint 1350.8498. The components were reported as follows : Name. Per Pint. Per Gallon. Sulphate Snda j 12.0700 96.5600 Sulphate Lime - --- 5.4992 43.9936 Chloride Sodium 1350.S498 10806.7984 Chloride Calciutn. _ 26.9399 215.5120 Chloride Magnesium 20.2400 161.9200 Carbonate Lime.. - .6216 4.96S0 Carbonate Magnesia a trace Silica and Alumina .1.4010 Organic Matter .a trace Total Solids 141 7.6200 1 1 340.9600 Sulphureted Hydrogen 3.41 cu. in. Carbonic Acid a trace Recent investigations show that Iodine, Potassium and Ammonia Salts are present, the former in quite considerable quantity, as compared with other mineral waters. A new analysis is contemplated by Prof. H. F. Myers, which, doubtless, will bring to light all the medicinal properties of these celebrated springs. Such an analysis is deemed expedient to show the present actual condition of the waters. The mineral water spring near Romeo, belonging to Mr. Dexter Mussey, which created some excitement early in 1874, claims the following analysis by Prof. Duffield: Sulphate of Calcium 4.8536 grs. to gal. Sulphate of Potass 01 1 3 Sulphate of Magnesia 2.1345 Carbonate of Magnesia 1. 6321 Carbonate of Calcium - 3-9804 Chloride of Sodium.. 0.0501 Carbonate of Iron 0.0632 Aluminium Oxide 0S30 Silicium 1753 Total amount of carbonic acid per gallon one and a half inches. The mineral well bored at Romeo, in 1881, gives promise of meeting the highest hopes of the citizens in regard thereto. The record of the boring is as follows : — THICKNESS. DESCRIPTIONS. 40 Sand and gravel. 70 Blue adhesive clay, with seams of quicksand, 13 Light sand. 123 Casing belled. V-^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. THICKNESS. 11ESCRIPTI0NS. 27 Shale-like material loose with seams of gravel. 30 Light bluish rock floating, effervescing with acid. iSo Drill entered hard rock at 170 feet, which it pierced to 180 feet, when it entered a bufilish shale with minute disseminated mica scales, peculiar to the conftrmationof the Michigan salt group, differ- ing only in tlie fact that the shale seemed to be very soft, if not clayed. 60 Frearstone rock. 240 At this point the bituminous shale should be reached and the presence of inflammable gas felt. 510 Soap stone, black shale. 750 A bed of rock salt was reached. 300 Blue shale or slate. 250 Grindstone rock. 70 Limestone. 1370 Soft rock, rotten limestone — conliiiued to 1420 feet. 50 1420 Gas veins penetrated. 125 Soft porous rock of a plastic character, impregnated with gas. 1515 1545 Total depth reached in feet. The original record of the boring shows simply 150 feet of sand and gravel forming the upper crust, resting on 80 feet of liglit floating rock, supported in turn by 60 feet of frearstone on which the reservoir rests. The 810 feet below the frear stone is simply credited with being a conformation of soap stone, black shale, and slate. At a depth of 750 a bed of rock-salt was reached, but the depth of this very important formation is not recorded. Below the slate a rock, named grind- stone in the record, was pierced to a deptli of 250 feet, resting on a bed of lime- stone 70 feet deep, and tliis, in turn, resting on 175 feet of soft, plastic rock. ANALYSIS. The analysis of water obtained from the mineral well at Romeo, made by chemist Lyon, of Detroit, for the committee in charge of the well, is as follows : — Special gravity at 60° F _ — 1.0037 Calcium Sulphate 6.066 grains per wine gallon 7.2S1 Lnp. Gal. Carbonate. 12.774 " - 14899 Magnesium. .554 " " ' " - .66g Iron .S92 ' " 1.070 " Magnesium Chloride.. 4.019 " " " "' 4.824 " Potassium .455 " " " " 5.466 " Sodium 2S3.957 " 340S34 Sediment (debris of rock).. 170.73 " " " " .- — Carbonic acid (combined) 13.27 cu. in. " " " .- 15.92 " (free) 4.9 cu. in. " " " 5.87 " HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. As the work of pumping progresses the water shows signs of losing much of the sediment materials. The carbonated waters contain a quantity of soluble salts; the sulphur waters are of the most pronounced character, each impregnated with mineral substances, which must always render them of inestimable value to the people. It is said that tlie magnetic waters of the State are not themselves magnetic; but that marked magnetic phenomena are manifested in the vicinity ot the wells, arising through induction from the earth, without regard to the waters; yet experiments indicate a power of excitation of magnetism possessed by these waters. The fossil remains found in connection with the rocks of this county, and par- ticularly evident in the limestone strata, comprise the Lithostrotion mammillare, the L. longiconicum, the C^'athophyllum fungitis, and the Syringopore, all belong- ing to the polypi class. The only evidence of the Echinodermata is furnished by the remains of common species. The Bryoza class is represented in this lime-stone by no less than seven species ; the Brachiopoda by eighteen species ; the Lamelli- branchiata by six species ; the Trilobites by two very distinct species, each showing the tails. The remains of fish and reptiles are found to be very common. Human remains are unknown at present to exist in the conformations examined in Macomb. REVIEW OF PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS. The water courses of Macomb county are numerous and valuable. The leading stream, reported in early years to be navigable for thirty miles, is the most im- portant. Its waters are known throughout the entire district organized in 1818 under the name of Macomb, now forming many prosperous counties of the State. This river was called ia Reviere Aux Murons by the early French missionary priests, on account of the peculiar character of the hair which marked the red men of the neighborhood. This liair stood out like the bristles of the wild boar, and suggested to the thoughtful travelers a new name for the inhabitants and their territory, which name it held until the Territorial Legislature deemed it proper, for con- venience, to confer on the river the name Clinton. The Clinton River enters the county at the southwest corner of Section 18, Shelby Township, flows through a very tortuous channel in a southeasterly course, past the village of Utica, to the line between Section 2-1 of Sterling and Section 19 of Clinton, where it is joined by the waters of the South Branch, whence it pursues a seine-like course northeast to the confluence of the North Branch. At this point the channel is wide and deep, growing wider as it approaches the lake. The river may be said to form the natural boundary of the city of the future on the west, to j, ^^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. divide the north city of the present from the south city of the prospective, and thence flow through a deep and winding channel to the lake. The North Branch of the Clinton appears to rise everywhere in the county and far beyond its boundaries. Flowing southeast from Bruce, south from Ar- mada and Richmond, it is fed by numerous streams, it receives the waters of a dozen creeks, and joins the Middle Branch in Section 8 of Clinton. The Middle Branch is a domestic river. It has its head waters in Washington and Shelby Townships, with many feeders in that and the adjoining towns of Shelby and Ray. These feeders unite in Section 6, Macomb Township, and form the stream known as the Middle Branch, which forms a confluence witli tlie North Branch in Section 8 of Clinton, one-half mile west of the boundary of Mt. Clemens City. The South Branch, commonly called Red Run, is fed by Bear, Beaver, and Plum Creeks and other small streams. This river and its tributaries drain the towns of Sterling and Warren, and lead the surplus waters to the main stream, with which a confluence is formed in Section 19, Clinton. Belle River may be said to take its rise in the headwaters of Day Creek, Rich- mond Township. Although the main stream flows from the northwest of its con- fluence witli Day Creek, draining the country in the neighborhood of Memphis and Attica in Lapeer County, yet the river is unimportant until it receives the waters of the creek in Section 12, Richmond, whence it flows into the river St. Clair at Marine City. La Reviere du Lait, or Milk River, falls into the lake a half-mile nortli of the southern line of Erin township. Salt River rises near Richmond, flows south through Lenox, receives its main tributary in Section 2, Chesterfield, and enters the lake a few miles south of the ancient salt springs. The Reviere Aux Vasen and the Crapau fall into tlie lake in the neighborhood. The former rises in Cliesterfield, watering Sections 21, 20 and 28 in its course ; the latter has its headwaters in St. Clair County, enters Chesterfield in Section 12, flows through New Baltimore, and empties into the lake a little south of that village. The creeks commonly called Tuckar's and Ventre de Bceuf rise in Harrison Township and flow into the lake- Ambroise or Tremble Cr. and La Crique de Socier rise in the northern sections of Erin and flow into the lake. Together with the rivers, streams, and streamlets named, there are numerous rivulets coursing throughout every section of the county, each acting its silent part in contributing to the prosperity of the people. ARCU^OLOGICAL. Macomb County was the Paglgendamoivinaki or great cemetery of the abor- ^ s r- .k HISTORY OP MAC0:MB COUNTY. igines. Along the Clinton and its tributaries many mounds were found by the early settlers, some few still exist, all offer interesting subjects to the antiquarian of the present time. From time to time the search among the bones of the dead is rewarded by the discovery of one or otiier of the many articles placed in the earth with the dead. The number of mounds, and character of human remains found in them, point out the district as the necropolis of an extinct race. Stone hatchets and flint arrow lieads, unnumbered skeletons, all remain to tell of their coming, their stay, of their rise and fall. The free copper found within the tumuli, the open veins of the Superior and Iron Mountain copper mines, with all the modus operandi of ancient mining, such as ladders, levers, chisels and hammer-heads, discovered by the French explorers of the Northwest and the Mississippi, are conclusive proofs that a prehistoric people were civilized, and that many flourishing colonies were spread throughout the new- ly-formed land. While yet the mammoth, the mastodon, and a hundred other animals, now only known by their gigantic fossil remains, guarded the eastern shore of the continent, as it were, against supposed invasions of the Tower Builders, who went west from Babel; while yet the beautiful isles of the Antilles formed an inte- gral portion of this continent, long years before the European Northman dreamed of setting forth on his voyage of discovery to Greenland, and certainly at a time when only a small portion of the American continent, north of latitude 45°, was reclaimed, in the midst of the great ice-encumbered waste, a prehistoric people lived and died upon the land which the American and French pioneers of Macomb rescued from its wilderness state. Within the last twentj' years, great advances have been made toward the dis- covery of antiquities, whether pertaining to remains of organic or inorganic nature. Together with many telling relics of the aboriginal inhabitants, the fossils of pre- historic animals have been unearthed from end to end of the county, and in districts too, long pronounced by geologists of some repute to be without even a vestige of vertebrate fossils. Among the collected souvenirs of an age, about which so very little is known, are single and ossified vertebrae, supposed to belong to the creta- ceous period, when the Dinosaur roamed over the country from east to west, deso- lating the villages of the people. This animal is said to have been sixty feet long, and when feeding in the pine forests was capable of extending himself eighty-five feet, so that he might devour the budding tops of those great trees. Other efforts of our antiquarians \x\a.y lead to great results, and culminate prob- ably in the discovery of a tablet, engraved by some learned Tower or Mound Builder, describing, in characters hieroglyphical, all those men and beasts whose history excites so much interest, and transform the speculative into certainty. The identity of the Mound Builders with the Mongolians, and the closer tie which ^ r HISTORY OF 5IAC0MB COUNTY. bound the latter to tlie Egyptians might lead us to hope for such a consummation, miglit possibly result in proving that the Egyptian originally migrated from Cen- tral America, branched out toward China, and became the Mongolian, and in turn continued to travel eastward until the descendants of the first Americans returned to the cradle of their race, as set forth in an extract given in this work, from the writer's special paper on the Mound Builders. FORTS AND MOUNDS OF MACOMB. The so-called Indian forts and mounds situated upon the North Branch of Clinton River in Macomb County, have long been the subject of much speculation and interest. Two of the three forts are entirely leveled by the plow, and it is only from memory, aided by that mysterious personage known as the oldest in- habitant, that the geography and description can be obtained. Eighteen or twenty years ago the embankments were quite distinct. The first and, apparently, the most prominent of those forts, was situated upon the east bank of the North Branch of the Clinton, on the east line of the town of Bruce, three miles northeast of Rome. The branch is at this place about twenty feet wide, with a rapid current affording a constant supply of pure, cool water. The bank of the stream rises abruptly in a sort of bluff, some ten or twelve feet in height, and then is level to the fort some fifteen rods distant. A little stream comes down from the northwest and passes about twenty rods to the south of the fort. Between this stream and the fort was the burial-ground of the inhabitants. The fort itself was nearly regular, about 350 feet in diameter. The wall upon the north was curved less than a true circle. The walls before being leveled by the plow, were four or five feet high, and some eight feet thick at the base. If we take into consideration the length of time intervening between the build- ing of these walls and our earliest knowledge of them, and also the character of the soil of which they are composed — a loose gravel — we must conclude that they were at least double the height here given. The earth to form these walls was taken from the outside, and thus a deep and wide ditch was formed on all sides save a portion of the west, which was bounded by a marsh, covered by a tangle of water-vines and brush.* The openings, three in number, were about twenty feet wide, and just inside the open space of wall a mound was built entirely shutting off any view from the exterior. Tlie mounds were probably as higli as the walls tliem- selves and afforded a jjerfect shelter from objects projected from without. A supply of water for the use of a garrison in time of seige, could be obtained from a small lake within the enclosure. Between the fort and the small stream were situated a number of mounds or •^-^ -^ HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. graves, each circular, and each containing tlie skeleton of one person. Many of the mounds were opened, and the contents exhumed ; but an entire skeleton has never been found, the smaller bones having become decomposed. The skulls and larger bones of the extremities were often found to be of extreme size. The under jaw, in one instance, easily slipped over the face of the finder — over flesh and whiskers. The thigh bone when jilaced beside that of a living person would pro- trude considerably beyond it. Perhaps there were giants in those days ! There is a faint tradition, that the faithful dog of the Indian together with his gun and pipe, were buried with him for his pleasure and benefit in the Happy Hunting Grounds ; but if those were Indian graves the facts dispose the theory, as no such contents have been brought to light. Broken pieces of pottery were often and are still sometimes found in tlie cultivated fields adjoining the mounds ; and in one instance an entire dish was turned up by the plow. This was of the shape of the smaller half of an egg-shell, and would hold from twelve to fifteen gallons. It was surmounted by a rim or border which was ornamented by checks, cut in the clay. It had the appearance of having been dried in the sun, and soon fell to decay by the action of the atmosphere. Flint ai-row-heads and stone weapons are often found ; also amulets and other curious objects, the use of which it is difficult to con- jecture '.Of the mode of their manufacture it is vain to speculate. There are many of these specimens now in my possession, hard as adamant, and yet which have received and retained through all these years the most perfect polish, and are fault- less in shape. THE SECOND MOUND. Across the stream, some twenty rods to the south, was situated a large mound, surrounded by a number of smaller ones. Upon the summit of the larger one is still standing a large oak tree, which may have been planted there or gained its position by accident. It has been thought by some that a chief was buried there, standing with his back against the tree, and so the mound raised about him, and as members of his family died they were interred about him. Others have it that he was buried lying horizontal, and the tree planted at his head. The mound was opened years ago, and the position of the bones in the grave seemed to confirm the latter conclusion. It was expected that something real and strange would be found in this grave, but the expectations were not realized. STONE MOUNDS. In various parts of the county were found mounds of stone. Those were stone-piles built up, in a symmetrical form, to the height of four feet or more, hav- ing the shape of an old-fashioned straw bee-hive. One of these standing on the farm of Ido Warner, was surmounted by a tree, the roots of which running over the sides. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. served to keep the stones in place until it was cut away, and the grave opened. The contents did not differ from those of the other mounds save that the bones had tlie appearance of having been charred by fire. It was thought by many that these stone mounds had been formed in clearing the fields near by for cultivation ; but it is abundantly proved that such was not the caee. And now a word in regard to these fields. In many places in the brush or light timbered land, where the soil is sand or light loam, distinct rows of hills may be traced. They are in many places so prominent as to interfere with the first plowing of the land. Undoubtedly the same hills were employed year after year, by simply opening the top of tlie hill for the reception of the seed, and then in the way of cultivation, pulling up the earth around the growing jjlant. FORT NUMBER TWO Was situated about a mile up the branch from the one formerly described, upon the farm of B. H. Thurston. His house and farm buildings now occupy tlie ground. Tlie soil here is a rich, sandy loam, about ten feet above the bed of the stream, on tbe west side, and facing the south with an easy slojje. The fort was oblong in shape ; its length extending to the southwest at right angles to the stream, about 500 feet ; its greatest breadth about 250 feet. Tiie em- bankments presented the same general characteristics as regards form, height, as the one formerly mentioned. There was but one opening on the river front, and tlie two ends of the circle of wall were made to overlap each other, thus shutting off all view from the exterior. There were a few mounds upon the south side of the fort, also across the stream about half a mile north. Numerous stone hatchets, flint aiTow-heads, amulets, and bits of crockery were found in the vicinity of these mounds, but never in or upon them. PO^T NUMBER THREE Is the extreme northwest corner of the county, and is about one mile west of the North Branch. This fort is still in its natural condition, covered with a low growth of oak timber. The embankments are in many instances four feet high from the bottom of the ditch. They describe a circle slightly flattened upon the north, and meeting in something like a corner at the northwest, where there is an opening about eight feet wide. The fort is 225 feet in diameter in each direction. Along the south ran a little stream with a margin of marsh ; along the edge of this marsli the walls are nearly defaced. The ground upon the interior of this fort descends to the south more rapidly than either of the others. Unlike the others, there seems to have been no arrangement for the protection of the entrance. Mounds have been found in various places in the vicinity. By whom were these forts erected ? We liave become so accustomed to tbe HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. phrase, Indian Mounds and Forts, that at first thought we can answer — the Indians, of course. But wlien we call to mind the American Indians' aversion to all kinds of labor, also their well-known mode of warfare, seeking onlj^ the shelter of a tree, from behind which they could fling a stone or shoot an arrow, we may pause before reaching a definite conclusion. So far as we know of the natives of this locality, they have never shown either energy or skill, sufficient to plan and execute the work of building a fort, or making a stone hatchet or arrow-head. We are told that the graves of the Indians contain more than their bodies, — we are certain that these mounds contain nothing but human bones. The Indians living in the vicinity of the forts, at the time of the first settlement by Whites, were as ignorant of their ways as the whites themselves. It is possible, perhaps probable, that they were the work of a race or ti'ibe of people possessing a higher degree of intelligence and skill than the American Indian. Be this as it may, it is doubtful if any decisive conclusion will ever be reached, and these forts and mounds of Macomb will ever remain a prolific source of speculation and interest. The foregoing statements are based on reports made by County Surveyor Hollister in 1841, and by George H. Canuon in 1874. From a letter addressed to Dr. Cooley, by John B. Hollister, under date April 10, 18-30, it is learned that the North Fort was located on the east half of the north- east quarter of Fr. Section 3, Township 5 north of Range 12 east. The East Fort was on the west half of the southwest quarter Fr. Section 18, Township 5, north of Range 13 east. The South Fort stood on the west half of the northeast quarter of Section 25, Township 5 north of Range 12 east. Those were important positions, and doubtless formed the principal strongholds in Northeastern Michigan of a race of savages unremembered even by the ancient Wyaudots. SURVEY BY S. L. ANDREWS. The mounds, three miles north of Romeo, and two miles east on the northeast quarter of Section 25, Bruce, were again examined, about the year 1859, by Dr. S. L. Andrews. At the same time the old fort in the same neighborhood on Section 19, Armada, known as the Donaldson Fai-m, was opened, and an exploration made. The embankment surrounding the first-named fort was about four feet high at that time, with a lap opening. Then there were a number of stone heaps, the most remarkable of which were near Armada Center, and near the fort just referred to. Four miles north, and three miles west of Romeo, on the farm of Benjamin Cooley, were a number of excavations, one of which contained an earthen pot, differing entirely from anything known to Indian civilization. There were the remains of an old fort on the bank of a streamlet flowing into Salt River, in 1837. The walls were circular with a gateway leading to the stream. i. 53 HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. At the time of its exploration by Robert P. Eldredge, a white oak tree, at least three feet in diameter, sprung from the very center of the fortress, but whether this was planted by the builders, or grew up since the fort was constructed, the explorers were unable to state. Tlie Indian corn field on the north bank of Salt River was easily found so late as 1827. Here the savages had a thousand little hills, the pinnacle of each was annually cultivated, leaving the base and sides untouched by the rude instruments of agriculture wliich the cultivators used. HUGE SKELETONS. E. p. Sandford, of Romeo, visited the mounds on the Mahaffy farm, near the farm of J. C. Thompson, in the Fall of 1S80. The mounds are thrown up from two to four feet high and are made round. Having reached tlie mounds he dug into the first one, for the purpose of finding implements of some kind, when he reached the deptii of about three feet the spade struck what he supposed to be a stone, but by careful digging was found to be the skull of a large i)erson. A little farther in lie took out six skeletons, three being grown persons and three cliildren. All seemed to have been placed in a kneeling position with their heads on tlieir knees forming a semicircle facing the southwest. The large bones of the grown persons were in good state of preservation, the bones of tlie cliildren were all decayed, with the exception of the frontal bone of each and very few of the smaller bones. The skull of the large one measured twenty-one inches round ; the teeth were very even and in excellent condition ; the thigh bones measured twenty-one inches and were very solid. These are the only discoveries that have been made in this place for about eighteen years. There is a large mound at the southwest corner of the field overlooking all the rest, whicli measures twenty feet across the base and is about four and a half feet high. This mound is called the chief mound. There was an oak tree in the center of it which was cut down eight years ago by J. C. Thompson. At the time he cut it down he counted two hundred and forty rings, which are supposed to represent 240 years growth. It is supposed that the tree was put there at the time of the burial. There have been many attempts made to uncover this mound, but so far each has been a failure, the roots of the tree being so large and strong, they prevent one from going deep enough to accomplish anything. At the north of this field about eighty rods we find what is called the fort, it was built on the top of a hill, the outlines can be seen very distinctly to this day. SUNDltY DISCOVERIES. J. W. Preston found some relics of the Indians, on his farm in February, 1877 ; Rev. P. R. Hurd, now of Detroit, found a silver cross in the neighborhood of Romeo, •^s r- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. supposed to belong to one of the early French priests who visited this neighborhood ; O. C. Dudley found an Indian tomahawk on his farm a number of years ago, the upper part of the weapon had the shape of a pipe, and was used for smoking purposes. William Stone, a farmer residing a few miles south of Romeo, discovered a [)iece of pure native copper, weighing eleven pounds, just as it was unearthed by the ploughshare, in January, 1879. Elijah Thorington had a large piece of native copper that was plowed up on his farm in the town of Addison, in October, 1878. How it came there is a ques- tion for scientists to solve. It is hardly possible that the piece is a portion of a copper mine on the premises, and the most reasonable theory is that it either came down from Lake Superior during the drift period or was packed by some lordly aborigine, on the back of his patient and long suffering squaw to be carried over- land for the purposes of a pipe or tomahawk. Charles Hunt, found in October, 1878, a curious stick. It was cut from the center of a large tree and shows unmistakably the blaze marks of some fellow that must certainly have been around at least an hundred years ago. H. J. Miller, who lives near Mount Vernon, discovered one of the greatest curiosities met with in tlie county. It is nothing less than a petrified dish-cloth or towel, which at some time has been wrung out and twisted up and in this condition it has petrified. The fiber of the cloth is plainly perceptible. That big bone discovered in June, 1875, upon the premises of J. L. Benjamin, just south of the village of Romeo, attracted a good deal of attention. It measures twelve inches in circumference at the narrowest point, while at the largest it reaches the extraordinary size of twenty-three inches. It was found imbedded in the soft earth, at least, four feet beneath the surface. There is a difference in opinion as to just what portion of the anatomy of the animal it belonged, but is generally con- ceded to have been a portion of what must have been one of the most formidable kickers on record and of truly mastodonic proportions. Speaking on this subject the editor of the Observer remarks : " The contemplation of this relic of the class of mammoths, long since extinct, opens up a wide field of speculation, and almost induces one to believe that if it could be thoroughly impressed upon the minds of the people that a few live specimens of this animal might still be ranging through our beautiful groves, it would have a wholesome effect upon society in general." During the progress of improvement on Mr. Benjamin's farm, many evidences of submersion appear. The prairie, cedar, oak and tamarack epochs may be read as in a book, and later the peat forming epoch is made manifest. The collections of G. A. Waterbury, J. E. Day, Drs. Andrus, Douglass, G. H. Cannon, and others afford much subject to the geologist and antiquarian on this subject. fe" HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTV. ZOOLOGICAL. The changes wrought by Time have, as it were, lightened the task of dealing with the zoology of this county. All the great animals of the wilderness, known to the pioneers, have ceased long years ago to make their home in Macomb. The remains of the prehistoric animals are hidden beneath the conformation of ages ; the millions of reptiles, which preceded and lived through the long summer, lie buried hundreds of fathoms down. BIRDS. All that is left to remind us of uncultivated nature are the beautiful birds, which visit the county periodically, or make it their home. Of these feathered citizens, there are about 250 species known to the people of this county — a large number has been seen only at long intervals, others have been seen once and disap- peared, such as the summer red bird. The Connecticut wariler is one of the most recent settlers and evidently, one which shows a disposition to make the county her home. Others have settled here since the county was organized, while others still date their advent away in the long past. In the following pages an effort is made to deal with the feathered tribe. The robin, or Turdus migratorius, is a resident during spring and autumn and even throughout such winters as that of 1881-2. The wood-thrush or Turdis Mustelinus, is a common summer bird. The hermit- thrush has been found breeding here during the spring and fall, and is accom- panied by the olive-backed-thrush. Wilson's thrush visits the county in the spring and sometimes builds its nest here. The Thrasher or brown-thrush resides with us during the summer months. The cat-birds come in large numbers during the summer, and build their nests here. All these birds hover round orchards, barnyards, willow-thickets, berry- bushes and brush-heaps both in the villages and in the country. The hlue-gmy gnatcatcher is a. common summer resident. The ruby-crowned kinglet is a spring and fall visitor, going South in winter. The golden-crowned kinglet is found everywhere during the spring and autumn months. All these birds seek a home here for a great portion of the year, and create the envy of the other families by the beautiful nests which they build in the groves and forest patches of the county. The eggs of these birds are three-eighths of an inch long, white in color, speckled and dashed with umber and lilac. The blue-bird is found everywhere during spring, summer and autumn. It nests in decaying trees, fence-posts, and feeds upon worms, grasshoppers, spiders, and berries. The white-bellied muthatch is another common resident, though originally a Carolinian. The red-bellied hatch comes here from Canada to spend the spring. ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. summer and fall, returning to that cold land in winter. These birds nest in the holes of trees, and feed upon spiders, ants, insects' eggs, and seeds. The titmouse, or black-capped chickadee nests in the woods during fine weather, and comes into the village to spend the winter. It thankfully receives all the crumbs which may fall in its path. The brown-creeper is the only representative of the Family Certhiades in this county. It dwells here the year round, finding a storehouse in the forest to lay up animal and vegetable food in the shape of insects and seeds. The wren family, or Troglodytidae, has six representatives in the county. The Carolina wren, though a straggler, is well known. Bewick's wren, or Thryothorus bewicJcii, appeared here for the first time very recently. His advance from the South was gradual. The house wren, or Troglodytes cedon, is found in large numbers in the central townships of the county. Tiie winter wren is a well-known visitor, sometimes spending the winter in the valley. He is known by the telling ti*:le Anorthura troglodytes. The long-billed marsh wren, or Telmatodytes palustris, builds a suspended nest among the marsli-reeds or in sand grass. There he remains during the summer and then migrates. The short-billed wren prefers meadow land and builds a large nest in a secure place. This family of miniature birds feeds upon insects, grasshoppers, snails, moths and other delicacies. The Family Sylvicolidae comprises no less than thirty-three representatives in this county. The black and white creeper nests beside a fallen tree — the blue yel- low winged warbler in the tree-tops of swamps and heavily timbered land. The blue-winged yellow warbler is a rare visitor. The blue golden-winged warbler remains here during summer and breeds in low, damp woodland. The Nashville warbler, orange-crowned warbler, Tennessee warbler, yellow warbler, black-throated green warbler, blue warbler, Blackburnian,yellow-rumped, black-poll, ba3'-breasted, chestnut-sided, black and yellow. Cape May, prairie, yel- low-throated, Kirtland's, yellow red-poll, pine creeper and perhaps two or three other species of the warbler family, are well known visitors. The water thrush, short and long billed, and the redstart belong to the family, and are common here. The Connecticut warbler, a stranger here until 1881, the Maryland yellow- thi'oat, the mourning, the hooded fly-catcher, black-capped fly-catcher, Canada fly- catcher, all favorite warblers, are beginning to make the county their home. This is the second family in importance among the birds of North America. Their food consists chiefly of insects, varied with fruit and berries. They peep into HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. crevices, scrutinize the abodes of the insect world, and never suffer from want. This family is the scourge of the orchard and oftentimes destroys fruit fields of great value. The horned lark, or Eremopldla alpestris, is a winter dweller here, and nests during the close of the cold season. There is anotlier species of the horned lark, which leaves on the approach of winter. Both build their nests on the ground, breed in April, and play around the farm yard or over gravelly soil. The titlark belongs to the family MotacilUdae. They flock hither in tens of thousands during spring and often remain until fall. The scarlet tanager, or Pyrangaruhra, is a common visitor. The Summer red- bii'd, lutherto referred to as a recent explorer of the North, is very rarely seen here. The Bohemian wax-wing, or Ampelis garrulus, is a recent and rare visitor. The cherry bird, or Carolina wax-wing, breeds here in August and September. They feed upon apples, cherries and berries, but are not numerous enough to cause any great anxiety to the pomologist. The Familij Hirundinidae comprise the barn swallow, tlie wliite-bellied swal- low, the eave swallow, the sand swallow and the purple martin. These birds de- stroy myriads of winged insects, and make them their principal food. The swallow, though not so showy as her gaudy neighbors, confers more real benefit upon the people than any other member of the bird tribe. Tlie Family Vireonidae comprises the red-eyed vireo, brotherly-love vireo, or Vireo philadelphicus, warbling vireo, yellow-throated vireo, solitary vireo and white- eyed vireo. They feed chiefly on insects, dwell in the forests, and seldom as they come to town, are in a hurr}^ to return to their rustic homes. The great northern shrike, or Collurio borealis, sometimes remains here to breed, but is not such a permanent settler as the loggerhead shrike, which makes its home liere the year round. The wliite-rumped shrike is seen here during the summer months. They are very quarrelsome among themselves, and savage toward other birds. They impale their victims on thorns and leave them there until driven by hunger to eat them. Tiie Family Corvidae is becoming extinct, or at least very uncommon here. Daring the present year the few which visited left suddenly, contrary to all prece- dent. These birds are omniverous, and comprise among others the raven, crow and blue jay. Their evil ways are almost compensated for by their good qualities, and some are inclined to believe that the benefits they confer are far in excess of the damage they do. The Family Fringillidae is the most extensive known in the States of the Union. It is graminivorous, except during the breeding season, when it feeds itself and young on insects. The rose-breasted grosbeak is the only member of the Lk HISTORY OF :macomb county. family which feeds upon the potato bug. The white-crowned sparrow's food is the grape-vine flea-beetle ; the fox-sparrow and chewink search out hybernating insects and snails ; the English sparrow, a recent immigrant, feeds on seeds ; the purple finch and crossbills feed on oily seeds and the seeds of pine cones. The names of the varied representatives of this tribe, are : The pine grosbeak, purple finch, white-winged crossbill, red crossbill, red-poll linnet, mealy red-poll, pine linnet, goldfinch, snow bunting, Lapland longspur. Savanna sparrow, bay- winged bunting, yellow-winged sparrow, Henslow's, Lincoln's, swamp, song, chip- ping, field, clay-colored, white-throated, white-crowned, fox, and English sparrows. The latter bird was introduced here in 187o-'-4. The blue-bird, martin, swallow, and other sparrows have to fly before the approach of their legions. The lark, finch, black-throated bunting, rose-breasted gi-osbeak, the indigo bird and the Towhee bunting, or chewink, are not so destructive as the English sparrow ; they have their uses ; but it is likely that when the peopjle realize the importance of the destruction of the imported sparrow, the whole family will fall with that branch. The Family Icteridae. — The bobolink, cow-bird, red-winged black-bird, meadow lark, rusty grackle, crow black-bird, Baltimore and orchard orioles belong to this family. The cow-bird destroys the eggs and young of stranger birds. The oriole feeds on hairy caterpillars during the season of breeding ; this bird is of service in the orchard, and for this service she accepts the first small fruits and other luxuries of the garden. The other members of the family may be termed gregarious ; they feed on the seeds of weeds, oats, wheat, corn, and on flies and insects. The Tyrannidae Family subsist almost altogether on flies, which they pursue and capture in the most open places. The pewee and king-bird pursue their victims in the light of day, and even should it escape for a time, it eventually falls before the lance of its pursuer. The family comprises the king-bird, wood pewee, phcebe bird, together with a half-dozen fl3'-catchers, variously named. The Caprimidgidae Family comprises the whippoorwill, or Antrostomus vociferous, which is a common summer resident here, and the night-hawk, another well-known summer bird. They are given to " jay-hawking," and select the night for seeking their prey. Then thousands of grasshoppers, moths, beetles, winged insects and flies become their prey. The chimney swallow captures its prey upon the wing in a similar manner ; but it belongs to the Cypselidae family. The Alcedinidae. — The only representative of this family in the county is said to be the belted king-fisher, which comes here in summer to spend the fishing season. If it does not at once succeed in catching one of the finny tribe, it is capable of ab- staining until success crowns its efforts. The Troehilidae. — This family is well represented here by the humming-bird. i) fy HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. This is an animated cluster of emeralds and rubies, which comes to delight the people in May, and continues with them until September. The only member of the CucuUdce residing here during the Summer months is the black-billed cuckoo, which comes to visit the woods and orchards of the State in the middle of June, and remains until harvest time. The Picadae Family, as represented here, is composed of seven species of wood- pecker, known as the downy, the hairy, the Arctic black-back, the yellow-bellied, red-headed, and golden-winged. The family subsist on timber insects, fruit, berries .and green corn. T)ie yellow-bellied woodpecker is very destructive to apple trees ; he sucks the sap of trees in some parts of the Union, but owing to the lengtli of winter in nortlieastern Michigan, he has had no time to do much mischief liere. The Strigidae Family comprises the barn owl, great horned owl, long-eared owl, short-eared owl, snow owl, hawk owl, sparrow owl, and Acadian owl. A few of these are very common residents here, the last named is an immigrant which settled here in 1879. All form tlie nocturnal branch of the raptorial species, and select for their prey rats, mice, fish, frogs, chickens, Ijirds of all kinds, and sometimes young pigs. Tliey have their uses. The Falconidae Family is comparatively extensive, and is fully represented here. It includes the marsh hawk, white-tailed kite, sharp-shinned hawk, goshawk. Cooper's hawk, pigeon hawk, sparrow hawk, red-tailed hawk, red-shouldered hawk, broad-winged hawk, Swainson's hawk, rough-legged hawk, the fish-hawk, and the bald eagle. They are birds of prey which select day-time for carrying on their operations. The fish-hawk will eat only fish. The bald eagle's favorite food is carrion and fish. When his taste leans toward fish, he generally makes a descent upon the fish-hawk. The turkey buzzard, or CatJiartes awra, is common in the county during July and August. They are entirely carnivorous, and come here after the period of in- cubation has been passed in the Southern States. The Family Meliagradae is represented here by the wild turkey. This bird was well known here in olden times, but has now almost ceased to be a resident. The Family Tetraonidae is peculiarly one of game birds. It includes tlie par- tridge or ruffed grouse, the quail and the prairie chicken. The quail is a common resident of the county, and appears to attain its greatest size here. These birds subsist on the various grains, seeds, berries, buds, grapes and chestnuts. They form a family of large and beautiful birds, but incapable of being thoroughly domesticated. Tlie Family Oolumhidae includes the wild pigeon and Carolina dove. The latter resides here during the greater portion of the year. The pigeon is thorough- *^ s r- HISTORY OF ilACOMB COUNTY. ly graminivorous in its tastes, and in this respect diffei's from tlie family Tetraon- idae. Tlie Family Fhalarojyodidae comprises the northern phalarope and Wilson's phalarope, two migrants which build their nests here at long intervals. The Family Charadridae, or the plover tribe, is represented here by the kill- deer, semipalmated, piping, golden and black-bellied plovers. They feed upon mollusks, water insects, grasshoppers, beetles, etc. This family is inferior in size to its European kindred. The Family Ardeidae includes the great bittern or Indian hen, the little bit- tern, the great blue, great white, green and night herons. These birds are summer residents, with the exception of the night heron, which dwells here the year round. The Family Gruidae, represented here by the sandhill crane and the whoop- ing crane. Neither of these birds breed here, and they may be set down as common stragglers or " tramps." The Family Calymhidae is very small. Only two representatives are found here, viz.: the common loon, well known for many years, and the black-throated loon, a recent visitor. To form an idea of the quickness of this unwieldy bird one must make an attempt to capture him alive, or even shoot him. During travels in the Northwest (1879 — 80), the writer found three specimens of the family living quietly in a lake-side nest, and left them undisturbed. Shakespeare's cream-faced loon was found there. The Rail tribe is comparatively well known here. It includes the Carolina and Virginia rails ; the Florida gallinule and the coot, all common summer birds. The rare summer visitors of the tribe comprise the black, yellow, king and clapper rails. The Grebe tribe, or family podicipidaj, comprises the horned grebe, the pied- billed grebe as common residents ; and the red-necked and red eared grebe which come here at intervals. The Family Anatidae is perhaps the best known and most useful of the feath- ered race. It comprises the goose, duck, widgeon, teal and merganser. The birds of the tribe common to the county are the brant and Canada goose, the mallard, black, pin-tail, gad wall, wood, big black-head, little black-head, ring-necked, poach- ard, canvas-back, golden-eye, butter-ball, long-tailed, Labrador, ruddy and fish ducks, the red-breasted merganser, the hooded merganser, American widgeon, green-winged teal, blue-winged teal, and the shoveller teal. The Family Scolopacidae includes the woodcock, American snipe, red-breasted snipe, upland plover, long-billed curlew, stilt sandpiper, semipalmated, least, pectoral and red-backed sandpipers, Wilst, greater yellow legs, lesser yellow legs and solitary, spotted and buff-breasted sandpipers. All these birds are common nv^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. here. They are all " waders," and subsist on aquatic insects, grass-hoppers, mollusks, crustaceans, etc. The Family Laridae comprises all the terns and gulls known in the temperate zone of our continent. The birds of the tribe, common to Macomb County, are the herring gull, the ringed-billed, the laughing, and the Bonaparte gulls. The fork- tail gull is an uncommon visitor. The terns best known here, include the Arctic, Marsh, Firster's, Wilson's, the little, and the black tern. The German Stork made his appearance here in 1879, and again in 1880. MAMMALIA. Among the many papers on this subject presented to the writer, there is one specially applicable prepared by J. S. Tibbits. It does not mention the New York and brown bats, the shrew, and moles which were once known here, yet it deals fully with the larger mammalia, known to the first settlers of the districts border- ing on Lake St. Clair. The contributor states : — " Most of the wild animals com- mon to the State were found in great numbers by the early settlers of this county, and the descendants of Nimrod and Esau found abundant material upon which to exercise their favorite pursuit. The animals mostly to be found here were tlie deer, bear, wolf, lynx, wild cat, fox, coon, badger, fishei", porcupine, woodchuck, rabbit, mink, and weasel. The skunk and rat did not make their appearance in the rural districts for nearly ten years after the first settlements were made. They were both as great curiosities to me then as tlie mermaid would be now. My first experi- ence with a skunk was a sad, though I think a profitable one. A neighbor, having an open cellar wall, ascertained that a skunk had taken refuge in the wall, and lie offered me ten cents to kill and skin him. Being anxious to gratify ray curiosity to see a skunk, and my ambition to earn an honest penny, I readily undertook the job. Ascertaining the locality of the animal, I proceeded with a sharpened stick to dislodge him. Getting down on my knees, I peered into tlie hole and gave him a sharp punch with my stick. He immediately resorted to iiis usual mode of defense, and discharged a full battery square in my face. I retreated in good order, though in very bad odor, and have wisley concluded ever since to let every man skin his own skunks. The birds common in these early days were the eagle, hawk, turkey-buzzard, raven, owl, crane, turkey, partridge, duck, wild goose, and a variety of the smaller birds. Tlie crow, like the skunk and rat, did not make its appearance till a number of years after the first settlements were made. The turkej^-buzzard, so common in those early days, is seldom or never seen now. This bird resembles the wild turkey more nearly than any other bird, though by no means so large. It is not a bird of prey, but, like the raven, lives on carrion. It is a powerful bird on the wing, and V^ i. -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. soars to great heights, sailing seemingly for hours without a movement of the wings. The quills are very valuable for writing purposes, and the possession of one was considered a treasure, inasmuch as with careful usage one would last through a school term of three or four months. Tlie wild turkey was very common, and vast flocks of several hundred were frequently to be met with. The usual mode of hunting them was for two or three persons to proceed cautiously througli the woods till they came upon a flock, then suddenly fire at random amongst them, the object being to scatter them in all direc- tions. When thus scattered they will invariably return to the same spot to get to- gether again, the old ones coming first to call their young together. The hunters, hid in some secluded place, with their " turkey calls " ready for use, would wait patiently for the return of the old birds. These turkey-calls consist of the hollow bone of the turkey's wing, and, in the mouth of an experienced hunter, can be made to exactly imitate the piping sound of the mother bird when calling her brood together. Soon the maternal notes of the old birds are heard, and the hunters respond with their " calls," luring them on to certain destruction. After the old birds are killed, the young ones fall an easy prey to the unerring aim of the skillful marksman. The flesh of the wild turkey is esteemed a great luxury, and one of the most delicious meals I think 1 ever ate was made from steak cut from the breast of a j'oung turkey, fried in butter, and partaken after a hard day's hunt, in which a companion and myself killed seven large fine birds. The wild turkey is sometimes caught in pens made of poles, some five or six feet in height, and covered over the to^) to prevent their escape. A covered pas- sage-way is made under the pen large enough for the turkeys to crawl through. Corn or other grain is scattered in the passage-way and inside the pen. The un- suspecting birds, seeing the grain, commence picking it up, and thus one after another crawl through the hole into the pen. " Once in, forever in," for they never think of putting their heads down to crawl out again. Deer were also very abundant, and scarcely a day passed but more or less of them were seen in and about the clearings. But little skill was required in killing them, the principal qualification being a steady nerve. During the hot days in the summer, when the mosquitos and the gnats were troublesome, the deer would resort to the streams and ponds of water during the night to get rid of their tor- mentors. Here they would fall an easy prey to the hunter, who, in his canoe, with a torch at the bow, would row noiselessly about. The deer, seeing the light, would remain as it were entranced, presenting to the unerring aim of the hunter Iwo small bright globes of light, between which the fatal bullet was sure to be lodged. Another mode of hunting the deer, which frequently occasioned rare sport, was by watching for them on their " run-ways," and shooting them down as they passed. i \ ' 163 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. One or two persons were stationed on tlie " run-way," wliile others with the hounds would scour the woods to scare up tlie deer. Whenever one was started it would invariably make for the " run-way," the hounds and the men or boys following in hot pursuit. Rarely, indeed, was it the case that he was successful in running the gauntlet, but usually fell a victim to his rutldess pursuers. A laughable incident occurred at one of these hunts which is too good to be passed by unnoticed. A young man came from an Eastern city to visit his country cousins at the West. Having never seen a deer, and being very anxious to engage in a hunt before his return, it was soon arranged to have one. Proceeding to the forest, the young man was stationed on the " run-way," with strict instructions to shoot the deer when he passed. The boys, with their hounds and guns, commenced scouring the woods. Soon the deep baying of the hounds was heard, denoting that the game had been started. Nearer and nearer came the pursuer and the pursued. Suddenly a fine buck made his appearance, with his noble antlers laid back upon his shoulders and his white tail aloft in the air. On he sped past the affrighted youth, who stooH. with his rifle cocked, his eyes and mouth wide open, the embodiment of wonder and astonishment. Hard upon the heels of the deer came the dogs, and soon the boys, who, seeing their cousin in this ludicrous situation, asked in amazement, " Why he did not shoot the buck ?" " Buck !" said he, " I haven't seen any buck. I only saw the devil coming down the hill with a rocking-chair on his head and his white handkerchief sticking out behind." Wolvcs and bears were more numerous than agreeable. They were very destructive to the few flocks of sheep and herds of swine then in the county. They were caught in traps and in dead-falls, and some- times wolves were inveigled into the folds with the sheep, and captured in that way. A large pen was made of poles, and so constructed that it was narrowed up at the top, leaving an opening only a few feet square. Tliis afforded an easy ingress to the hungry wolf, but an effectual barrier to his escape. He would thus be found in the morning, having done no harm, and looking very "sheepish," indeed. A novel mode of trapping the bear was sometimes adopted which proved suc- cessful. A hallow tree was selected into which a hole was cut of a triangular shape, with the acute angle at the lower side. The hole was made some seven or eight feet from the ground, and just large enough for bruiu to squeeze his head through. Inside of the tree, some two or three feet below the hole, was suspended a piece of meat. The bear, scenting the food, would climb up the tree, and, in his efforts to get at the meat, would get hung in the acute angle of the hole, from which it was impossible to extricate himself. Occasionally a lynx was seen in the swamps in the western part of the county, but they were extremely shy, and it was rare indeed that one was killed. Tlie porcupine was more common ; and they proved very troublesome to the hunters" l\^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. dogs, which would frequently return from the chase at night with their mouths full of tlieir sharp quills. It is supposed by many that the hedgehog and porcupine are identical, but this is a mistake. The only point of resemblance is in their coat of armor, which consists of long sharp-pointed quills. Whenever these animals are attacked they double themselves up into a ball, and thus present a formidable defense. Their quills are easily detached, but I think it is a mistaken idea that they have the power of throwing off their quills, as some suppose. The hedgehog is a native of the old world, is small in size, and carnivorous ; whereas the porcu- pine is a native of the new world, is about the size of the woodchuck, and lives on roots, vegetables, and wild fruits. The badger and tlie fisher were occasionally seen, but they were by no means common. Most of these wild animals, like the aborigines of the country, have receded before the march of civilization and improvement, and but few of them can now be found within tlie limits of the county. A soft-shell turtle was caught in Washington in the Summer of 1881. It has been said that a few of these creatures were seen in tlie county previously, but this of 1881 is the first of which there is any record. Early on the morning of Jan. 14, 1882, an ermine was caught in the cellar of Edwin Starkweather's house. This is supposed to be the first of that species found in this portion of Michigan. THE FLORA OF THE COUNTY Comprise almost all the orders known in the Northern States. Of tlie 130 orders represented in Michigan, fully 107 are common in tlie country bordering on the mouth of the Clinton River. The represented genera within Macomb are estimated at 370, comprising no less than 850 species. New and beautiful flowers are added annually to the pioneer garden beds of the valley ; wild flowers appear and fade ; many beautiful colors, well remembered by the old settlers, have disappeared within the last decade, and thus one of the most beautful features of Nature is undergoing marked changes. METEOROLOGICAL. THE BIG SNOWS. The traditions of the Ciiippeways and Wj'andots point out the years 1755 and 1775 as the Winters of the great snows. Those severe storms, which swept over the Peninsula within two decades, destroyed great numbers of forest animals, the bones of which in after years literally encumbered the wilderness. Within the pioneer period the snow oT 1822-3 was the heaviest. It fell to a depth of four feet on the level, and was accompanied with such an icy current, that HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. large numbers of deer, wolf, and bear perished before its withering advance. In 1830-1 the snow storms set in early in November, and continued throughout the mouth, destroying the wild animals in large numbers, and inflicting many hard- ships on the Indians and pioneers. In the month of August, 1831, a severe irost set in, which occasioned many serious troubles and disappointments. THE BLACK DAYS. On the morning of Sunday, November 8, 1819, the sun rose upon a cloudy sky, which assumed, as the light grew upon it, a strange greenish tint, varying in places to an inky blackness. After a sliort time the whole sky became terribly dark, dense black clouds filled the atmospliere, and those changes were followed by a down-pour of rain, which appeared to be sometliing of the nature of soap-suds, and which was found to have deposited after settling a substance resembling soot. The atmosphere assumed its usual form that afternoon, and the following day was dry and frosty. On the morning of Tuesday 10th, heavy clouds again appeared, changed rapidly from a deep green to a pitchy black, and the sun. when seen occa- sionally through them, was sometimes of a dark brown, or an unearthly yellow color, and again bright orange or blood red. The clouds constantly deepened in color and density, and later on a heavy vapor seemed to descend to tlie earth, the day became as dark as night, and the gloom increased or diminished most fitfully. The French traders looked on the phenomenon with a peculiar curiosity ; while the Indians were actually alarmed. The more sensible concluded that the Western pine woods were alilaze, others that the recently explored prairies were burning, wliile others stated that a volcanic eruption must be in progress. The Indians quoted the prophecy that one day the Peninsula would be destroyed by an earth- quake, while others looked upon the signs, as signaling the close of this world. About the middle of the afternoon a great body of clouds seemed to rush sud- denly across the country, and immediately everytliing was hidden in appalling darkness. A pause and hush succeeded for a moment, and then a most glaring flash of electricity flamed over tlie land — next the thunder seemed to shake the very earth to its center. Another pause followed, and then fell a slight shower of rain similar to that which introduced the phenomenon two days previously. After this siiower the day grew brighter, but an hour later it was as dark as ever. An- other rush of clouds, and another flash of lightning introduced the climax of the scene. The sky above and around was as black as ink ; but right in one spot, in mid air above the Indian village, the lightning danced for some minutes in a fairy circle, then rushed eastward, and was not seen again. The darkest hour had come and gone. The gloom gradually subsided and gave place to dawn, the people grew less fearful, the real night came on, and when next morning dawned the elements were at peace, and the world seemed as natural as before. *^^ J"" *> HISTORY OF MAC'OjMR COUNTY. TORNADO 1835. Perhajjis the best remembered and most extraordinary phenomenon was that which the people of the northeastern counties witnessed in 1835. On Christmas day of that year an excejationally heavy fall of snow covered the ground, which was followed on the 26th by a mist, and this was succeeded in turn by a drizzlino- rain. The rain ceased suddenly, the clouds lowered, grew dark, and assumed such appearances as would lead the spectator to conclude that this globe was aljout to collapse. The storm king at length broke loose, swooped down from the North- west in black night, uprooting trees, sweeping everything in his track, and bringing with him such a current of icy air that man and beast, not then in shelter, were frozen to death. This storm was as sudden asit was phenomenal. It is well remem- bered by the old settlers, and forms for them a mark on the page of time. THE METEOE. The meteor seen November 1, 1857, passing southward, proved to be a most remarkable one. Its journey was accompanied by a sharp, rumbling sound like thunder. THE COMET. This strange visitor, belonging to that numerous but erratic family whose movements are so carefully noted by astronomers, and the time of whose entrances and exits is a matter of mathematical certaint)', appeared to the people of this county, June 30, 1861. Whatever may have been its attributes and peculiarities one thing is certain, that it has had no rivals in the comet line. Its sudden debut at that time was the cause of much speculation among men of letters as well as the people in general. It was first visible in a northwesterly direction, when it appeared like a bright star. It attracted but little attention at first, it being sup- posed to be a lamp attached to a kite ; but directly a train of light shot up, which gradually increased in length until it passed the zenith. The nucleus of the comet when viewed through a glass, presented a very clear and sharply-defined outline, shining with the brilliancy of a star of the first magnitude. Its motion was in an easterly direction, and exceedingly rapid. The train of light extended beyond the constellation, Lyra, and the center of its extremity was directly over the star Vega. Its length extended over the immense distance of 100°, being 30" longer than the comet of 1843, which extended over a space of only 70°. The comet of 1881 remained with us for weeks, and disappeared from the view of citizens of this county, a short time after a portion of its tail separated from the nucleus and main train. It will be remembered as affording much subject for gossip during the latter part of the summer of 1881. V" HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ECLIPSE OF THE MOON, 1881. One of tlio most sublime astronomical events of 1881 — a total eclipse of the moon — occurred Sunday morning June 12. Tiie moon appeared above the horizon at about 8:20 p. m., on tlie 11th, in its usual brilliancy. When about two and one- half hours high, it received the first contact with the penumbra of light shadow of the earth upon its eastern limb, which became slightly dim, and a loss of lunar light followed as the moon entered the penumbra. Fifty-six minutes then elapsed without further change in its appearance, while traversing the partial shadow of the earth ; but wlien the umbra or dark shadow of our planet was reached, the east- ern limb of the moon again darkened, suddenly, almost to invisibility. The circu- lar shape of the earth's shadow was distinctly seen when passing over the face of the moon. At 12:38 A. M., June 12, the moon was wholly within the umbra, and the total eclipse commenced. It continued in darkness for an hour or so, when all was licrht a " ihL HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. cated in the abduction of the Finch child, a saying without any foundation what- ever beyond the fact that the Indian loved the boy, and seemed determined to adopt him. Those Indians were generally peaceful, and were present at almost all the bees of the olden time, not to labor by any means, but to run pony races, and trade with the Americans. Wittaniss was one of the sub-chiefs of the Huron Indians so early as 1776. He was a devoted attache of the British commandants of Detroit, and shared with his brother Indians and British soldiery in all the dastardly acts which marked the great effort to sustain the reign of tyranny and persecution on this continent. This cowardly red-skin and his band made many attempts on the life of Richard Connor some yeai's later. The American pioneer was compelled to be always c-n his guard against the treachery of those savages. After the i^urchase of the Moravian village by Askins and Ancram, the latter appointed \Yittaniss caretaker. In his new office, the Indian chief essayed to act the Irish land agent, and accordingly tried to evict Connor ; but the new settler frustrated all his designs, treated him to a severe beating, and otherwise made life so hideous for the malicious savage, that he was glad to seek refuge in the grave a day or so after the British power was for ever broken in the United States. Keneobe, of Romeo, was present on the treaty ground at Saginaw in Septem- ber, 1819. The harsh statements made regarding his connection with the abduc- tion of the Finch boy have long since been proven without foundation. In 1827 Keneobe moved into Canada, stayed some time there, and returned to give assu- rances that the reports concerning him were without foundation. He was a savage of good parts, and an earnest friend of the American settlers of Northern Macomb. An equally bad Indian, bearing a similar name, succeeded Wittaniss, senior. The circumstances which surrounded this fellow urged him to adopt a policy of conciliation towards tlie American settlers, which policy was carried out. The last Wittaniss was an old man when he left the county in 1830. Tipsikaw was the athlete of the band near Romeo. He was a powerful savage, well built, and, it is said, capable of running down wolves, bears, and, in some instances, deer. While liunting in the neighborhood of Almont he dislocated his shoulder. Dr. Gleason was called to his aid. All the doctor's physical power was not suflScient to replace the dislocated bone, so he tied the arm of the warrior to a tree, and then directed him to draw his body forward. This plan was success- ful, and Tipsikaw was again ready to resume the chase. This Indian left the county in 1837 or 1838. In 1874 he revisited his old hunt grounds, and was found weeping by one of the early settlers opposite the site of his former village. Tonadoganow was the head chief of the Otchipwe nation. This honor be- 5.-^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. longed to him on account of his debating powers, acute understanding, and great prowess in the hunt. He was ugly in every sense. He wore only a hunting shirt from April until September, and this hung loosely from his hunch-back. This In- dian was accustomed to make periodical visits to the bands in Macomb County, was a great factor in the negotiation of two of the treaties referred to in tliis chapter, and well known to the first French and American settlers of Mt. Clemens and Romeo. Okemawkeketo was chief of the tribe for years previous to the reign of Tona- doganow. He received from the hereditary chief, Miscobenasa, power to administer the office of chief. Old Misco and Okemawkeketo were noble savages, and well- known to the pioneers of tliis county. Notaquoto, a short, ugly, powerful savage was well known to all the early set- tlers. To give an idea of this Indian, Wm. J. Tucker relates that a few Indian ponies happened to stray into Sterling township, where they were stabled by Jim Bruce. This settler was unaware of the danger of such a proceeding, and his mur- der for the act was only averted by tiie timely interference of C. G. Cady, then resid- ing at his present house in Sterling. Mr. Cady was returning from church, when he met the Indian. Asking him where he was going, the savage pla3'ed with the tomahawk and replied that he was going to see Jim Bruce. " He has my horses," said Notaquoto, " and I will murder him." Cady prevailed upon the Indian to wait, while he himself went to Bruce's. He advised Bruce to set the animals at large, which advice was taken, and Notaquoto returned to his reserve with his property. THE EAGLE CHIEF. The following verses, written by J. E. Day in 1860, refer to the visit of an Indian to this district, who in his childhood called it home: The Autumn sun fades slowly from the sky, And dimly shines his parting light, Across the clearing shadows swiftly fly. The harbingers of coming night. The forest warblers seek their nightly rest, The cricket pipes his evening lay. While here and there a few dim stars appear, , As if to haste the setting sun away. The place in beauty and in silence sleeps — No dissonance disturbs the scene ; But dimly 'neath the moon there comes a form Of stately step, of haughty mien, His stately tread, his light, elastic step. His form which age has slightly [bent. His swarthy cheek and ornamented breast Bespeak the Indian lineament. "71 Jfe* HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Why stands he there so stern, cold and still, Whose deeds have challenged men's belief — The setting sun of Sonago's daring race, Powontonamo — " Eagle Chief ? " He lifts his eyes in silence and despair, That much their ancient fire impart. As mem'ry sweeping o'er him but displays, In broken, but unconquered heart. Thirty long years have passed away since last. He visited the land he stands on now ; It is a spot of earth well known to him. Though furrowed by the white man's plow, And changed, alas ! to him, how sadly changed ; For buried 'neath its surface lie The only offspring of the Eagle Chief. And his young bride — the Sunny Eye. He gazed upon the mountain's shaded brow ; The clouds that floated o'er his head, The river and the trees his youth had known, Though leafless now and dark and dead. These, still, had left the old familiar look — O'er all the rest a change had crept. He thought of this, and as the night came on He bowed his warrior head and wept. ''The white man's ax" he said, "has been here too. The oak I planted in my youthful pride, And watched long years with manhood's care, And the sweet vine that climbed its side, Have felt the blow, and withered much too soon. My bride I claimed beneath its shade, And 'neath it our young babes have gamboled oft, And 'neath it their short lives were laid. " Down yonder stream the Indian's light canoe Would shoot, like wild bird on the wing, And yonder mountain side would echo back. The war cry of our Council ring. But all is changed. The white man's power has drove Us from our home to slowly die ; And now this oak and vine are emblems fit Of Eagle Chief and Sunny Eye." What wonder that the Eagle's bosom swelled, And manhood's tears ran o'er his eheek, As memory brought before him all the Past, His plans, his wishes, all a wreck. -(^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. But mid his grief his pride and anger rose, To his dark eye the light had come, He strewed the broken arrows o'er the grave, And then the Eagle Chief was gone. Fisher, a half-breed, who married a sister of Francis Macorapte, committed suicide about 1852. It appears he made a cruel husband, so that Macompte took his wife from liim, and presented him with an English rifle, as better suited to liim than a wife. Fisher and the rifle lived quietly together for some years, when he returned to the Salt River Reserve, and there shot himself through the heart. About the same time a dog feast was held by the Indians on the Tucker farm. Neome, the chief of tlie largest division of the Chippewas, occupied and a.ssumed to control the southern portion of the tribal domain. Tiie Flint River, with its northern afflueiats, was left a little north of the border in full Indian possession by the Treaty of 1807. It was called by the savages Pewonunhening, or tlie River of the Flint, and by the early French traders La Pierre ; Ihe latter also called the ford a few rods below the present Flint City bridge Grand Traverse, vr\\\\e to the village in the neighborhood of the ford the Indians gave the name Mus-eu-ta-wa-ingh, which translated means the open lilain burned over. In point of geographical location, the chief Neome and his powerful band stood on the very threshold of the trail leading to the Northwest. To any one standing at Detroit and looking northerly to the land lying west of the Lake and River St. Clair, it was plain that Neome stood indeed a lion in the path unless well disposed toward the American settlers. The old chief was honest and simple-minded ; evincing but little of the craft and cunning of his race ; sincere in his nature ; by no means astute ; firm in his friendships ; easy to be persuaded by any benefactor who should appeal to his Indian sense of gratitude ; harmless and kind-hearted. In stature he was short and heavily molded. With his own people he was a chief of patriarchal goodness, and his name was never mentioned by his people except with a certain veneration, and in more recent years with a traditionary sorrow, more impressive in its mournful simplicity than a labored epitaph. Keshkaivko. — In April, 1825, the Saginaw savage — Kesh-kaw-ko — killed a Huron warrior at Detroit, on the spot now forming the center of the D. & M. R. R. depot. The dead Indian was taken to a blacksmith's shop, then occupying the site of the Russell House, where the coroner, Benjamin VVoodwortli, held an inquest. Kesh-kaw-ko and his son were interned in the old fort, after the jury declared the older savage guilty, and the coroner sent him to await trial ; a squaw brought the chief some hemlock, which he drank eagerly, and died. His sou, who was no party to the deed, escaped. He sought a trail homewards by the Clinton River, ihL^ HISTORY OF MAC0:MB COUXTY. was recognized by some of the Hurons, and pursued almost to the camping ground of his tribe. This Chippewa desperado, and his son Chemick, were among the principal British allies of the War of 1812. Both were known to the pioneers of Macomb, for in tliat quarter of the Peninsula those ruffians, with their followers from the Saginaw, attacked men, women and children indiscriminately. They did not enter into any battles — their warfare being only against the defenceless or unwary. This well-known Indian, a nephew of Pontiac, and once the head chief of the Otchipwe nation, was born near Knagg's Station on the Shiawassee, about the year 1763. The earliest account of him states that lie went forth on the war-path in 1793. In the Legends of the Northwest by Judge Littlejohn, the old chief is intro- duced in 1803. Okemos took a prominent part in the battle of Sandusky, which won for him the name of the greatest warrior and the chief of his tribe. It appears that himself, his cousin Man-i-to-oorh-way, with sixteen other warriors enlisted under the British flag, formed a scouting party in search of American scalps, and ultimately reached the British rendezvous at Sandusky. Speaking of this period, the old scalp-taker said : " One morning while lying in ambush near a road lately cut for the passage of the American army and supply wagons, we saw twenty cav- alry men approaching Us. Our ambush was located on a slight ridge, with brush directly in our front. We immediately decided to attack the Americans although they out-numbered us. Our plan was first to fire and cripple them, and then make a dash with tlie tomahawk. We waited until they came so near that we could count the buttons on their coats, when firing commenced. The cavalrymen with drawn sabres immediately charged upon the Indians. The plumes of the cavalry men looked like a flock of a thousand pigeons just hovering for a lighting. Myself and my cousin fought side by side, loading and firing, while dodging from one cover to another. In less than ten minutes after the firing begun the sound of a bugle was heard, and casting our eyes in the direction of the sound we saw the roads and woods filled with cavalry. The Indians were immediately surrounded, and every man cut down. All were left for dead upon the field. Myself and my cousin had our skulls cloven, and our bodies gashed in a fearful manner. The cavalrymen before leaving the field, in order to be sure life was extinct, would lean forward from their horses, and pierce the breasts of the Indians even into their lungs. The last I remember is, that after emptying one saddle, and springing toward another soldier, with clubbed rifle raised to strike, my head felt as if pierced with a red-hot iron, and I went down from a heavy sabre cut. All knowledge ceased from this time until many moons afterward, when I found myself nursed by the squaws of :|^ HISTORY OF iMACOMB COUNTY. friends who had found me where I fell two or three days after the engagement. The squaws thought all were dead ; but upon moving the bodies of myself and Manitocorhoay, signs of life appeared, and we were taken to a place of safety where we were nursed until restored to partial health." Okemos and his cousin never took part in a battle since tliat time having satis- fied themselves that they were wrong then. Shortly after his recovery he asked Colonel Gabriel Godfro^s father of Richard Godfroy of Grand Rapids, to intercede for him with General Cass, which resulted in a treaty between tlie United States and himself and other chiefs — a treaty faith- fully observed. In 1837, the small-pox and other causes tended to scatter the band near Knagg's Station, where they were located. Previous to this time he was ac- customed to wear a blanket-coat with belt, steel pipe, hatchet, tomahawk, and a long, English liunting knife. He painted his cheeks and forehead with vermillion, wore a shawl around his head a la Turc and leggings. The old scalp-taker for the English died in his wig-wam a few miles from Lansing, and was buried at Shim- nicon, in Ionia County, December 5, 1858. A LEGEND OP CUSICK LAKE. That as beautiful a spot as Cusick Lake has remained as long as it has, with- out its appropriate legend, is somewliat curious. That it was a place greatly ad- mired and frequented by the red man iseertain. The beautiful banks densely covered as they once were, with forest trees, before vandalism had done it work on them, could not have failed to attract and please the children of nature. Over on the island under the murmuring pine and hemlock in the "moon of leaves," the scalp- locked warrior wliispered sweet nothings in the ear of his dusky maid and boasted of liis prowess in the chase and the field. To Miss Hayner belongs the honor of bringing tlie poem to liglit, and of preserving this incident in the history of the county. Day into night had ahnost grown, And all was still and silent and lone, And the long night shadows began to break. Across the surface of Cusick Lake ; When out of the dark and shady wood, A maid moved out, and silent stood. And gazed across to the other bank, Where the willows grew so thick and rank. That morn her father, a hunter bold, Had left his daughter— Edith Gold, While he should go to a distant fort. To tell the men of a faint report, Of how the Indians late that night. After the moon had sank from sight, Would creep out in the deepest shade. And on the fort make a wild, wild raid. The hunter, as he left that morn, Told his daughter not to mourn. While he was gone to the fort to warn. He said that ere the sun sank low. He should have warned them of the foe; And when upon her ears should fall. Her father's well-known signal call. She must launch the birch canoe. And meet him where the willow grew. But the sunset hour had come and pissed. And the twilight rays were fading fast; At length it grew so dark and late, yu 1 I I A C k. -J , 1? ^ "oT*^ ^ "l HISTORY OP MACOJIB COUNTY. 181 r She went to the bank, to watch and wait ; All harshly on the still night air. She looked away to the other side. A moment she let her oars droop. And still she looked, and looking, sighed. For she knows 'tis the Indians' wild war whoop The darkness hovered closer round. That sets the echoes all in chase The shadows thickened on the ground. Around that lone and silent place. The moon came up with silvery light. But now she seizes oar again. And gazed upon that lonely sight ; With doubled strength and giddy brain There in the edge of the forest shade. She sends the little birch canoe With anxious look, stood the woodland miid ; Fairly flying onward, through Her hair all streaming to the night ; The waters of the placid lake. Her face all pale and gleaming while Hark ! a cry from the willow's shade, Is lifted to the arching sky, " Edith, be quick !" it said to the maid ; While she besought her God on high "On, on, brave girl! one effort more. To shield her father on his way, And you will touch on the island shore." And lead him from where dangers lay. All round 'tis still as silent death. Naught is stirred by a single breath, But hark ! was it, was that a sound, That stirred the still night air around? She gathers all her strength, She throws it on the oar. But see ! it breaks, it breaks, And she's not yet at shore. She gasps for breath, she peers across The hunter tried, but all in vain. To where the breeze makes the willows toss ; His daughter and the boat to gain. Is it all a fancy, or does she see Their savage foes soon seized and bound. A form in the shade of the waving tree? No mercy at their hands they found ; Quickly she turned and made way to And when the sun rose o'er the hill, The place where lay the birch canoe. There hunters found them lying still — Then came the well-known signal cry, No motion, groan, or faintest breath. Now to the rescue she must fly ; But stiff and cold in silent death. She takes her place, she seizes oar. Their white friends made a double grave And swiftly pushes from the shore. In which to lay the fair and brave. The water eddies round the boat, Upon the island a lonely mound. The lilies swiftly past her float, That marks the spot, may still be found. The little pine wood point is passed, Many a time have mirth and song The trees and banks receding fast, Mingled and floated the trees among. Her boat is far out in the lake. 'Neath which the hunter, brave and bold, When a wild, blood.curdling yell doth break Sleeps with his daughter, Edith Gold. EARLY TRADERS A ND INTERPETERS. Henry Connor, or Wah-be-sken-dip, was superior to all the traders of that period in disposition and manner. He was 1 man possessing great muscular strength, yet gentle as a child, and only physically p owerful where justice should be enforced or some important point carried. He was a faithful interpreter between the Indian counselors and United States commissionc rs during the treaty negotiations. After the treaty of 1819, he entered on a trader" 3 life, and continued to the close to merit the confidence and esteem of the savag 2S, Frenchmen, and Americans. Connor was present at the deatli of Tecumseh, October 5, 1813, when James Whitty encountered the great Indian and killed hi m. Whitty and Gen. Johnson, he stated, ^ k 1-^ ^ a r- "> ' e) ^/ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. attacked the warrior simultaneously ; but tlie former began and ended that act in the battle of the Thames. Henry Nelson, another Indian trader known to the old settlers of Macomb, removed from the Huron to the Saginaw district in 1821, and thence with the In- dians to Isabella County, where he died a few years ago. The St Martins were an old and respectable family. Tlie first of the name who came to America was Adhemar Sienr de St. Martin. He settled in Quebec and held the office of Royal Notary as early as 1660. One of his grand -children came to Detroit in 1740. In April, 1750, is recorded a grant of land (a portion of the now Cass farm) to Jean Baptiste Labutte dit St. Martin. It was his son who became interpreter of the Huron language, and who figured conspicuously during the Pontiac conspiracy in 1763. His services were highly appreciated by Gladwyn, who in his sweeping denunciation of the inhabitants during the siege, always excepts his interpreter, St. Martin. In 1770 he married Marianne, the second daughter of Robert Navarre (Tonton, the Writer, as he was called, to dis- tinguish him from his son Robert, whose sobriquet was Robishe, the Speaker). At the marriage of St. Martin and Marianne Navarre, de Bellestre, the last Frencli commander of Fort Pontchartrain, was present. His family history was closely woven in the destiny of this fort of La Mothe Cadillac. De Tonty and another De Bellistre, uncles of his, had been among its first commanders. It was a melancholy irony of fate, that he should be obliged to resign to the English the post which his ancestors had struggled so nobly to retain. De Bellestre organized the first militia in this part of the country, and gave the command to his brother-in-law, Alexis de Ruisseaux, who had married a Godfrey. St. Martin died a few years after his marriage, leaving a young widow and three children — one boy and two girls. The Tucker family is referred to in the pioneer history of the county. In the same chapter the Connors aie dealt with. Jean Provencal, or Arvishtoia, appointed Indian blacksmith by Gen. Cass, possessed many good qualities which endeared him to the whites as well as to the Indians. William Tucker, and other old residents of Macomb, remember him well, aand substantiate what has been said of him. Edivard Campau, or Now-o-ke-shick, lost an arm from the accidental discharge of his rifle, while hunting in this county. Notwithstanding the rude, surgical operation, which onl}' the medicine man of that time could perform, he survived, and continued among the most active and popular trappers of this district, until his journey to the Northwest. Gabriel Godfrey, known as Menissid, was a trader from the lower Huron country. He was one of the family to whom was deeded the lands where Ypsilanti now stands. His visits to the upper Huron or Clinton were few, j'et his acquaint- ik^ HISTORY OF 5IACOMB COUNTY. ance among the French and American pioneers of Macomb was extensive. Rich- ard Godfrey, his son, now dwells at Grand Rapids in this State. Archibald Lyons, was, like many of the white inhabitants of the country bordering on Lake St. Clair, engaged in trapping. In 1818 he left the district, now known as Macomb and St. Glair counties, for the Saginaw valley, where he married the beauty of the tribe — Ka-ze-zhe-ah-be-no-qua. This woman was a French half-breed, peculiarly superior to all around her, highly intelligent, and in possession of principles which could not sanction a wrong. Lyons, while skatino- down the Saginaw River, in 1821, to play for a dancing party, fell through the ice, and was never seen again. After the death of her husband, the widowed Ka-ze- zhe-ah-be-no-qua married Antoine Peltier, who moved from Harrison Township to Lower Saginaw. Francois Tremble, grandfather of the Trembles referred to in this section of the work, was well known from Montreal to Detroit and the Riviere Aux Hurons so early as 1782. Ten j-ears later, 1792, he visited the Saginaw Indians, which proved to be his first and last exploratory trip. It appears this adventurous Frenchman was drowned while ilying far away from an Indian camp. The story of his death states, that he made a spear for an Indian to be used in killing muskrats; another Indian came forward to beg a similar favor, and for him Tremble made still a better spear-head. Indian No. 1 grew jealous, abused the good hunter, and ultimately stabbed him in the back. Retiring to his boat he set sail for his home on Lake St. Clair, but never reached the place. It is supposed he was knocked overboard by the boom of his boat, and was drowned in the waters of Lake Huron. Captain Joseph F. Marsac was born near Detroit on Christmas day, 1793, and was known from his native place to Fort St. Joseph or Gratiot and thence to Mich- ilimackinac. Marsac was the happiest model of the Franco -American — genial as man could be, he endeared himself to all around him — to all, with whom he came in contact. During the Black Hawk War excitement he was one of the first to organize a military company and take the field with the rank of captain. Captain Leon Snay, a hunter and trajjper of great repute, belonged to the better class of French traders, and held the military commission of captain. Like Marsac, he was well known to all the old American settlers of Macomb as well as to tlie Indians and his own people. Peter G-ruette, Francois Corbin, John Harson, with other traders, hunters, trappers, and interpreters, who established temporary posts on the Clinton, Flint, Shiawassee, Black River, etc., made this county a rendezvous, and won the respect of the American pioneers. Harvey Williams of Detroit, now of Saginaw, one of the few survivors of the Detroit settlers of 1818, in his journey to Saginaw in 1822, with supplies for the HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. troops stationed there, had to ford the Clinton River at five different jioints. The Indians and first American settlers of Macomb knew Uncle Harvey well. Though not a trader in the full sense of the term his dealings with the savages as well as with the civilized inhabitants was extensive and honorable. Dunois, or Du Nor, was one of the first and best known interpreters under American rule. His order to ihe Indians was a law. It is related that upon one occasion he visited the house of John Tucker, and asked him to tell the chief of the Salt River band to meet him at the Tucker House on Friday night. Anowi- sickau, brother of Francis Macompte, met him as appointed, and both went into the forest in the darkness of that winter's night. This visit resulted in finding a U. S. cavalry horse stolen from Detroit. Leon St. Greorge, born at Montreal, Canada, in 1774, came to Michigan in his youth and made a settlement between Detroit and the Clinton or Riviere Aux Hurons. This French-Canadian afterward removed to Detroit, and cleared the land where the city hall stands as well as many acres in the vicinity. When the war of 1812 broke out, St. George joined the American troops, and fought through it to its close. After the close of the campaign he became a trader among the Hurons and Chippewas, and was well known to the pioneers of Macomb County. His death took place in 1880. Oliver Williams settled at Detroit in 1807, where he engaged in mercantile life, and become one of the largest dealers then in the Peninsula, bringing at one time from Boston a stock of goods valued at $6-1,000. In 1811, the sloop Friends' Grood Will was built for him, which was cajotured by the British and called The Little Belt. Referring to this $64,000 matter, Mr. C. G. Cady states positively that when he arrived at Detroit, he could carry all the merchandise it contained to Mt. Clemens. Captain John Farley of the United States Artillery was among the early visi- tors to Mt. Clemens. Michel Medor, Joseph Benoit, Leon and Louis Tremble, whose grandfather is referred to in this chapter, were among the traders known to the Indians, French, and Americans of Macomb County previous to»and for years after its organi- zation. Benjamin Uushway was born at Detroit in 1809, and died at Saginaw May 25, 1881. In 1832, he was appointed Indian blacksmith at Saginaw. He was known among the early settlers of Macomb, particularly among the French. Edivard McCarthy an Irish revolutionist of 1798, came to Detroit in 1829, passed some time near Mt. Clemens, and ultimately continued hi.s travels to the Northwest, where he died. Buret Le Paries, Dominique Snay, Louis Duprat, William Thebo, Joseph K^ HISTORY OF :\rACOMB COUA'TY. Alloir, Antoine Tremble, John Tremble, Francois G. Tremble, William J. Tucker, were among the children of the county when it was organized. Whittimore and James Knaggs, brothers, of French-Canadian or French- English descent, were among the early white inhabitants of the Huron Country, and if friendships, dealings and periodical stays in the neighborhood of the Reviere aux Hurons could bring the title, they were among the first white settlers of Macomb County. Judge Witherell, in referring to those Frenchmen, says : " Capt. Knaggs was a firm and unflinching patriot in times when patriotism was in demand, during the War of 1812. He was one of the Indian interpreters, spoke freely six or seven of their languages, together with French and English, and exercised great influ- ence over many warrior tribes. On the surrender of Detroit to the enemy, he was ordered by the British Commandant to leave the Territory, and did so, of course, but joined the first corps of United States troops that advanced toward the frontier. He acted as guide to the division under Gen. Winchester, and was present at the bloody defeat in the valley of the Raisin. The British Indians discovered him after the surrender and determined to kill him. There liappened to be present an Indian whom Knaggs had defended in former years, who resolved to save the pale- face at every hazard; but the savages would not listen to him. Nothing daunted, liowever, the brave red-warrior placed himself between Knaggs and his foes, and succeeded in keeping them off for some time. The savages pressed closer, and as a dernier resort the friendly Indian seized Knaggs round the waist, kept his own body between the white man and his enemies, and so prevented the repeated blows of tomahawk and war-club from taking effect upon the head of Winchester's French guide. This mode of defence continued until both Knaggs and the Indian sought refuge among a number of horses which stood harnessed close by. Heie Knaggs was enabled to avoid the blows aimed at his head, until a British officer, not so savage as his Indian allies, interposed, and saved the guide from a cruel death." Knaggs survived this terrible trial for many years, and rendered good service to the United in the negotiation of Indian treaties. James Knaggs was present at the death of Tecumseh, and was considered one of the most unflinciiing and honorable supporters of the American troops. A member of the Avei-y family of Monroe County, Mich., bears tiie highest testimony to the Knaggs Brothers. Jaeoh Smith, or Wah-be-sins, settled with his parents in Northern Ohio, whence he pushed forward to the Detroit and Huron district, where he remained some years. During the rambles of the Young Swan, he won the friendship of the Hurons and Otchipwes, and as his intercourse with them became more extensive, he entered into all their manners and customs, sympathized with them, and claimed in return their earnest friendship. After some years passed among the Indians of the Clinton or Huron River, he moved to Flint, where he died of disease in 1825. Baptiste !> "V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Cochois, or Nickaniss, was the only white friend present at his death ; Annemekins, the Indian boy whom he adopted, was the only red-man who witnessed the dying struggles of this popular trader. To Smith is due the rescue of the Boyers of Mount Clemens. Patrice Reaume, or Wemetigoji, was a native of Quebec. For a period of eight years he traded among the Indians of the Clinton or Huron and the Raisin districts, where he was well and favorably known. Ultimately he was appointed factor for the American Fur Company at the post near Pontiac, and subsequently at the Tittabawassee and Saginaw. Louis De Quindre, named Missabos, was a friend of Reaume, and, like him, a trader. He, too, was known to the pioneers of Macomb County, where he made his home for some years. Jacob G-radroot, or Graveraet, husband of the daughter of the fierce Keskawko, was a German, who settled for a while at Albany, N. Y. Moving West, he settled at Detroit; moved to Harrison township in Macomb, and thence to what is now called Bay County. Louis Bemifait, or Wagash, was one of the most favorably known and genial men in the Michigan of 1800-1820. He was much younger than Smith or Reaume, was a friend of each and all of his fellow-traders, and being so, was the great peacemaker in the traders' circle ; his calm, gentle and sound reasoning always prevailed. Barney Canvpau, a nephew of Louis and Joseph Campau, better known as Oshkinawe, was well fitted for the life of a trader or hunter. He was honest in all his dealings with the savages, and on this account they stj'led him Young Man, and ac(][uiesced in all his propositions. DISTINGUISHED EARLY SETTLERS. Among the pioneers of Michigan best known to the earl}'^ settlers of Macomb, the first was, undoubtedly, Lewis Cass. The first Chief Justice, A. B. Woodward, and Judge Witherell, were equally well known ; while to the first French settlers of this county, all the members of the Campeau familj' were linked by innumerable interchanges of service. Gen. Lewis Cass, successor of the inglorious Hull, in the governorship of the Territory of Michigan, 1813, held his high oiSce until appointed a member of the United States Cabinet, as Secretary of War in 1831. In 1836 he received the port- folio of minister to France, which office lie filled until 1842. In January, 1845 he was elected member of the United States Senate. Throughout his public life, from his efforts to combat Hull's treachery in 1812 to the close of his career, he was one of the first citizens of the Union. His death brought mourning not only rf* ^ HISTORY OF jMACOMB COUNTY. into the homes of the Michigan people, but also into the villages of the Otchipwes, Pottawatomies, and Ottawas, whose admiration he won during the earlier years of his service in Micliigan. Lewis Cass, born at Exeter, N. H., October 9, 1782, died at Detroit, Mich., June 17, 18G6. General Cass was known to the Indians, French and Americans from the establishment of the territory forward. The services which he rendered this State particularly can never be over-estimated. Rev. Gabriel Richards, of the Order of St. Sulpice, was born at Saint?■. HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. and possibly would not for many years afterwards, had not this abduction of the white settlers of Macomb incited one, at least of the traders to venture into the den of savages. The enterprise was undertaken by Jacob Smith, the trader of tlie Flint, and resulted successfully. The Boyer family was rescued not only from the most foul bondage, but also from death itself, which was to be meted out to them in a few days, had they not been rescued by the intrepid trader. The par- ticulars of this abduction are set forth in the following statement: Some time before the actual commencement of any settlement at Mount Cle- mens, occurred an incident worthy of mention here. A vast camp of Indians had collected for some purpose at the present site of East Saginaw ; in going bj' this settlement on their way to this camp an Indian liad captured a little boy and girl named Boyer from along the river near the old Edward Tucker farm, and had carried them away. All search in the vicinity proving vain, and suspicion falling upon some Indians which had passed on their way to Saginaw, a brave and stalwart trapper named Smith, set out alone through the dark woods and over the vast country that intervenes, to rescue the boy and girl. Arriving at the Indian camp he was recognized as a friendly interpreter; after days of dallying and shrewd negotiations, started joyfully for home, with the little waifs, where he arrived in due time to gladden a mother's aching heart and a father's sadness with the sight of the loved ones. The boy Boyer, since grown to be an aged man, lived until quite recently, to our personal knowledge, near Swan Creek ; but to the day of his death the sight of an Indian would appal him and arouse fears which no effort could over- come. "The little story just related serves to give an idea of the means of travel, and manner of life of our first settlers. There was a period of thirty years of this following of trails and paddling of canoes before the project of the turn-pike was thought of. Those were years of ceaseless watchfulness, of constant alarm, of occasional bloodshed, and daily battle witli those privations incident upon frontier life. But they were years of enterprise, of determined effort, and finally of suc- cess in the planting of a flourishing settlement." THE LOST CHILD. One of the true characteristics of the Indian in the earlier settlement of the West was the abduction and adoption of white children. We have had to record as a part of the history of the early settlement of each of the counties at least one case of child stealing; nor does Macomb County lack an incident of the kind. We give the case as detailed by Mrs. Bailey, of Romeo, a short time previous to her death. On the last day of March, 1828, Alanson Finch, a four-year-old son of Albert -» — ^t^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Finch, one of the pioneers of Washington Township, was stolen by the Indians. Tlie child, together with an elder brother, was returning home from the sugar bush, when one suggested to the other the idea of trying who could reach home first by two separate routes. The elder one said he would go across Mr. Bailey's field, and the younger across that of their father. Tliey started, the distance to the house by either way being but about a quarter of a mile. The elder child reached home safely and was anxiously interrogated by his mother as to the whereabouts of his little bro- ther. He told the circumstances of their separate journeys home, and closed by saying that he had given his brother the shortest way, and anticipated finding him at home. Search was immediately instituted, and after many futile efforts to discover the lost one by his friends and the immediate neighbors, the alarm spread through all the settlements in the County, and the entire male portion of them turned out to a man, and scoured the woods in every direction ; but their charitable intentions and endeavors proved unavailing, and after many days they desisted. The child was never found. Suspicion rested upon an Indian called Kanobe, who had taken a remarkable interest in the child for many months previous to its disappearance. He would go to Mr. Finch's house, and, taking the child upon his knee, would teach him the In- dian language ere the little one could scarcely prattle the mother tongue. This suspicion was strengthened by the fact that Kanobe left the settlement simulta- neously with the abduction or loss of the child. Returning, however, he solemnly assured Mr. Bailey that neither he nor any of the Indians abducted the child. In later years the skull of a boj' was found in the neighborhood, which skull is now in possession of Dr. S. L. Andrews. It corresponds with such an one as would be- long to the lost boy. Some sixteen years after the child was stolen, a person of about twenty years of age came to Romeo and claimed to be Alanson Finch. He told a very plausible story about having been brought up by an Indian, by whom he was told that he had been stolen in his childhood, etc. But when he came to be identified by the Baileys and others, who had known the missing child, he utterly failed in the most prominent points of his claim. He finally left the place, not without leaving some credulous enough to suppose tliat he was the genuine Alanson Finch, and not the impostor that he really was. Further than this, the affair is involved in the usual myste- rious surroundings of similar cases. The same maternal sufferings were endured by the fond mother at the loss of her darling ; the same heroic endeavors were made to recover the lost one ; and the same surmises were indulged in tliat have characterized all such instances since the white man first became the antagonist of the treacherous Indian. And thus the 'matter rests until the final moment, when all secrets shall be made known, all mysteries solved. Many are apt to attribute ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the abduction to the fact that the Finch boys were supposed to have taken some Indian ponies. In retaliation the Indians are said to have stolen the boy. THE INDIANS' KAID. In the year 1812, while Elisha Harrington was occupying what is known as the Harrington farm, the Chippewas made a raid on the settlement. Driving into the village, whooping and flourishing their weapons, the savages dismounted, tying tlieir horses to the trees of the old orchard at Frederick. Of course the Harring- tons fled. The Indians in undisturbed possession gave themselves up to plunder and rapine, feasting and debauchery. They burned down the barns, the fences, and other improvements. The surrender of the traitorous Hull at Detroit to the British and their savage allies suggested this sudden foray. Elated with that vic- tory, in which they claimed an equal share of ylory with the British, they moved simultaneously upon all the settlements in the district of Detroit, in precisely the same manner as they did on the old settlement at Frederick. It was a sad time for the American settlers. Added to the humiliation of that disgraceful and infamous and treacherous action of Hull, were the dangers of savage forays. Many families fled to Detroit for safety, and among the number was that of Elisha Harrington, fleeing for protection to the very center of the arch-enemy who prompted the In- dians to take those inhuman measures. The old orchard, where tlie savages secured their horses, may still be seen at Frederick, and the gnarled and ancient trees yet stand, bearing the marks of the gnawing teeth of those wild ponies, which browsed there, while their wilder mas- ters were indulging in rapine and murder. In 1817, Elislia Harrington returned to the home from which he was forced to flee, only to find it in possession of a dozen of Canadians. On stating his case those men moved to the present site of Utica village, where they settled. INDIANS ON THE TRAIL OF AN AMERICAN. The spirit Ijreathed into the Indians of the Wj'andot district by tiieir British masters, from 1774 totlie period when the British troops were driven from this land, was pregnant with danger to the American frontiersman, and even more so to him who Iiappened to dwell within tlie lines of those who essayed to enslave us. This spirit is portrayed in one of the stories of the past, related by Edgar Weeks, and founded on facts elicited by him from the best authorities. It appears that one of the settlers, located east of the present city of Mt. Clemens, supposed to be a member of the Tuckar family, had offended the Indians in tiiat neighborhood, which offense created much disaffection among the Indians, and drew down upon him their hatred. For days and weeks lie followed his daily avocations with the full knowledge that the malignant eye of some forest demon watched all his move- - ® -±. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ments and waited an opportunity to carry out their designs toward him. For this reason he was accustomed to carry his well-kept rifle on his shoulder, always ready for any emergency — alwa3's prepared to meet his foe. Notwithstanding the com- mission which the Indians received from the British, to take the scalp of every American who fell into their hands, it is believed a special order was given the chiefs to respect the lives and properties of the Tuckar and Connor families ; the former on account of services rendered by one of them in the Pontiac affair, the other on account of his usefulness as interpreter, politician, and trader. Therefore the Indians not only feared tlie man himself, but lived in greater dread of the law as propounded at Fort La Pontchairn in this connection. They dared not take the life of Tuckar ; but rather conspired to abduct him to the Sagenong, or great camp of the tiibe, retain him in captivity, and expose him to those savage tests — those excesses of inhumanity, which the conquerors of the .Sauks inflicted on enemies or imaginary enemies who fell into their hands. With the expulsion of the Britisli, and the rise of the white man to his natural position, the demoniac enemies of Tuckar sunk their passions in their interest, and evinced a most friendly disposition toward this pioneer. VISIT TO THE INDIAN VILLAGE. Previous to the departure of the Hurons from Macomb Count}', it was certainly worth one's while to visit one of their villages. A Frenchman who visited them in 1808 or 1810 described their villages on the Clinton at that time. He says : " I remember one fine afternoon about ten years ago, accompanying an old Indian trader thither. Seated in a light canoe, and each armed with a paddle we started from the mouth of the river for the ostensible purpose of bartering with the Indians for furs, etc. For my part I was perfectly delighted with the idea, as I never had an opportunity hitherto of seeing the Indians at home, at least during the Summer season. The river was sufficiently agitated to cause our tiny boat to rock dreamily, and as we sped onwards the rich wavelets leaped and sported against our canoe's prow and sides, like sportive kittens, ever and anon greeting our faces with a damp paw, that was by no means unpleasant. On, on we sped, now under the shadow of the green woods, now by the fringed, rich border of the clearings, or by the grass- covered marsh. We could see from a bend in the river the Indian village, and hear the wild, joyous shouts of the dusky juveniles as they pursued their uncouth sports and games. As we approached their camp what a busy and exhilarating scene was presented to our view ! I clapped my hands in the exuberance of my spirits, for never before had I witnessed a scene so full of real, unaffected natural happiness as there greeted my senses. My companion did not appear to share in my enthusiasm, owing, doubtless, to the fact that he was accustomed to such scenes. Little Indian boys and girls could be seen prowling around like little HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Cupids — some wrestling, some shooting with tiny bows and arrows, some paddling their toy canoes, wliile others sported in the waters of the river like so many am- phibia, each striving to excel the other in the manner and demonstration of its enjoyment. Superannuated Indians and squaws sat by the tent-doors, looking on with a quiet, demure pleasure, or arranging some toy or trinket for a favorite little toddler, while the more efficient were engaged in various occupations. Oh ! how I longed for an artist's skill, that I might sketch the wild and picturesque scene. Here, thought I, is human nature in its free, untrammeled state. Care seemed to be a stranger to those children of Nature ; no thought of sorrow seemed to engross their minds ; and the world, with all its vicissitudes and vexations, was allowed to pass along unnoticed by them. Buoyancy of spirit was a striking feature in their char- acter. As we drew our canoe out upon the beach, the Indians came forward to greet us, and with a hearty shake of the hand, wished us a cordial bon jour. Tlie dusky urchins left their sports to take a full survey of the visitors ; wliich having done, they returned co their games with a yelp and a bound. Situated upon tlie greenest and most beautiful portion of the camp ground wore a number of white and neat looking tents, whicli were closed, and isolated from the dingv, smoky tepees of the village. The trader, who seemed a sort of privileged character, was entirely at home ; while I, considering myself among strangers, clung to him, and followed him wherever he went, not venturing to throw myself upon my own responsibility. I was therefore pleased when I saw him start toward the white tents, for I was curious to know what they contained. Drawing aside the canvas, he entered without ceremony, I, of course, following- after. Seated upon beautiful mats of colored rushes, whicli served as carpets and divans, were some three or four good-looking squaws, very neatly and even richly attired in the fanciful style of the native, busily engaged in embroidering and orna- menting moccasins, broad-cloth leggings, and blankets with variegated beads and poi'cupine quills. Everything around evinced the utmost order, neatness and taste. No bustling nichee or dirty urchin was allowed the freedom of those apparently consecrated tents; but all was quiet and calm within ; and if converse were carried on it was in that calm, soft, musical tone so peculiar to them. So, so, thought I, liere we have a sort of aristocracy — a set of exclusives, and a specimen of high life among the natives ; yet it was just that kind of high life in many respects, after which their white sisters might take pattern. No idle gossipping or scandal was indulged in ; they quietly plied their needles, and kept their counsels to them- selves. If they had occasion to visit their neighbors' tents it was done quietly and pleasantly, after which business was resumed. This description of the Indian villages on the Reviere Aux Hurons, or Clinton ^1 -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. is based upon fact. Thougli the Wyandot or Huron is now far away from his olden land, his wife, or sister, or mother may look back with pride to their settle- ments by Lake St. Clair, and in charity wish that the new Americans there will be as happy their fathers were. MANNERS AND CUSTOMS. The art of hunting not only supplied the Indian with food, but, like that of war, was a means of gratifying his love for distinction. The male children, as soon as they acquired sufficient age and strength, were furnished with a bow and arrow and taught to shoot birds and other small game. Success in killing a large quad- ruped required years of careful study and practice, and the art was as sedulously inculcated in the minds of the rising generation as are the elements of reading, writing and arithmetic in the common schools of civilized communities. The mazes of the forest and the dense, tall grass of the prairies were the best fields for the exercise of the hunter's skill. No feet could be impressed in the yielding soil but that the tracks were the object of the most searching scrutiny, and revealed at a glance the animal that made them, the direction it was pursuing, and the time that had elapsed since it had passed. In a forest country he selected the valleys, because they were most frequently the resort of game. The most easily taken, perhaps, of all the animals of the chase was the deer. It is endowed with a curi- osity which prompts it to stop in its flight and look back at the approaching hunter, who always avails himself of this opportunity to let fly the fatal arrow. Their general councils were composed of the chiefs and old men. When in council, they usually sat in concenti'ic circles around the speaker, and each indi- vidual, notwithstanding what rankled within, preserved an exterior as immovable as if cast in bronze. Before commencing business a person appeared with the sacred pipe, and another with fire to kindle it. After being lighted it was first presented to heaven, secondly to the earth, thirdly to the presiding spirit, and lastly the several counselors, each of whom took a whiff. These formalities were observed with as close exactness as state etiquette in civilized courts. The dwellings of the Indians Avere of the simplest and rudest character. On some pleasant spot by the bank of a river, or near an ever-running sjiring, they raised their groups of wigwams, constructed of the baric of trees, and easily taken down and removed to another spot. The dwelling places of the chiefs were some- times more spacious, and constructed with greater care, but of the same materials. Skins taken in the chase served them for repose. Though principally dependent upon hunting and fishing, the uncertain supply from those sources led them to cul- tivate small patches of corn. Every family did everything necessary within itself, commerce, or an interchange of articles, being almost unknown to them. In cases of dispute and dissension, each Indian relied upon himself for retaliation. Blood 13 riV HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. for blood was the rule, and the relatives of tlie slain man were bound to obtain bloody revenge for his death. This principle gave rise, as a matter of course, to innumerable bitter feuds, and wars of extermination where such were possible. War, indeed, rather than peace, was the Indian's glory and delight, — war, not con- ducted as civilization, but war where individual skill, endurance, gallantry and cruelty were prime requisites. For such a purpose as revenge the Indian would make great sacrifices, and display a patience and perseverance truly heroic ; but when the excitement was over, he sank back into a listless, unoccupied, well-nigh useless savage. During the intervals of his more exciting pursuits, the Indian occupied his time in decorating his person with all the refinement of paint and feathers, and in the manufacture of his arms and of canoes. These were con- structed of bark, and so light that they could easily be carried on the shoulder from stream to stream. His amusements were the war-dance, athletic games, the narra- tion of his exploits, and listening to the oratory of the chiefs ; but during long periods of such a pei'iod he remained in a state of torpor, gazing listlessly upon the trees of the forests and the clouds that sailed above them ; and this vacancy im- printed an habitual gravity, and even melancholy, upon his general deportment. The main labor and drudgery of Indian communities fell upon the women. The planting, tending and gathering of the crops, making mats and baskets, carry- ing burdens — in fact, all things of the kind were performed by them, thus making their condition but little better tiian that of slaves. Marriage was merely a matter of bargain and sale, the husband giving presents to the father of the bride. In general they had but few children. They were subjected to many and severe attacks of sickness, and at times famine and pestilence swept away whole tribes. CHAPTER XII. THE FRENCH PIONEERS. The Griffin was finished Aug. 4, 1679, and her sails set, a trial trip made, and the name she bore bestowed upon her by Father Hennepin. On the fifth, five small cannon were placed in position. The seventh was the day appointed for entering upon that voyage over tlie G-itchi Gomee or great inland seas. The morning arrived ; the sun shone forth, as it were, over a sea of gold ; a favor- ing breeze played upon the waters ; the cataract of Niagara, six miles below, reduced its roar to music ; while from La Salle's new fortress the song of the Te Demu swelled upon the morning air. The sails were set, Robert De La Salle, commander of the Griffin, Father Louis Hennepin, historian and chaplain, with the ^1 il^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. pilot, and .a number of hunters and trappers, were embarked ; tlie cables, which kept the little vessel fast, were unloosed, and that voyage toward the setting sun entered upon. Three days after setting out the vessel was anchored out opposite Teuchsagron- die, a Huron village then occupying the site of the present city of Detroit. From this point to the head of the Saint Claire River, many Indian villages were found to exist, all of them unacquainted with the white man, save that small knowledge of him which they might have gained from the Jesuit fathers. Seven 3rears after the Crriffin succeeded in battling with the fierce current which then swept past tlie present site of Fort Gratiot, M. du Lhut caused the position to be garrisoned and a strongly fortified trading post to be erected. This was com- pleted in the Fall of 1686, and the name of Fort Saint Joseph conferred upon it; but its possession was so opposed to the ideas of French economy, that in July, 1688, the garrison received orders to evacuate the post, and to report at Michili- mackinac. On July 21, 1701, M. de la Motte Cadillac, Capts. Tonti, Chacornacle and Duque, in command of fift}^ regular troops, arrived at Detroit. The expedition was accompanied by a Recollet chaplain and a Jesuit father, who had come as a mis- sionary priest, together with fifty trappers, traders and hunters. Before the close of August, 1701, the first fort erected in Michigan, if we except Du Lhut's fortified trading post at the head of the Saint Claire, and that at the mouth of the Saint Joseph, was a reality. This occupied the ground extending from the Joseph Campau homestead to Shelby, and thence to Woodbridge Street, a point now removed from the river bank, but which at that time would represent the head of the bank itself. The position was called Fort Pontchartrain. Within a few years, 1703, thirty Hurons from Michilimackinac became settlers at Detroit. Between 1701 and September, 1703, the settlement was further strengthened by bands of Ontawa-Sinagoes, Miamis,Kiskakons and Loups,all flocking to Fort Pontchartrain, to witness the magnificence of La Motte Cadillac and his command. Previous to 1706 the number of enemies made for himself by Cadillac among his own countrymen brought many and serious troubles into the very heart of the French posts at Detroit and at Michilimackinac. During the troubles at Detroit, Rev. Father Constantino and Jean La Riviere were stabbed by the Onta- was, during their circumvallation of the fort, which continued forty days, until they raised the siege. In 1707, Jean La Blanc, second chief of the Ontawas, with Le Brochet, Meyaouka, Sakima, Kiuonge, Meaninan, Menekoumak, and another chief visited the Governor at Montreal, and offered to make restitution ; but this officer ordered them to report to Cadillac. The deputation returned to Detroit Aug. 6, 1707, 'K. HISTORY OF ilACOJIB COUNTY. when the Commandant Cadillac addressed the Ontawas, Hurons, Miamis, and Kiskakons in turn ; the Council was in session four days, but at the close the Indians agreed to deliver Le Pesant, the great disturber, into the hands of the French. He was handed over to the garrison, but unfortunately received a full pardon from Cadillac. This created a want of confidence in the French among the Miamis, Hurons, and Iroquois, resulted in the killing of three Frenchmen, and created much disaffection in every Indian village. In September, 1708, there were only twenty-nine inhabitants of Detroit who were the actual owners of lots and houses within the Stockade. Of the entire number of acres surveyed at that time — 353 roods in toto — those twenty-nine free- holders owned only forty-six roods, the Hurons 150 roods, and the Chevalier de Cadillac 157 roods. The entire number of Frenchmen at the post then was sixty- three, of whom thirty-four were traders, who sold brandy, ammunition and trinkets in that and the neighboring Indian towns. During the war between France and England, which terminated in 1713, trouble after trouble surrounded Detroit. In 1712 Outagamies and Mascoutins laid siege to Fort Pontchartrain, then in charge of M. Du Buisson, with thirty soldiers. The church and other buildings outside the stockade were pulled down, lest the besiegers would set fire to the pile with a view of burning the fort itself. The circumvallation of the post and hourly assaults on it, were kept up for a period of thirty days, when the Indian allies of the French arrived from their hunting expeditions, both Hurons and Miamis, drove the Outagamies and Mascoutins to their entrenchments, and confined them there for nineteen days, until in the dai'kness of night they withdrew to Presque Isle, twelve miles above Detroit. Thither the Hurons and Miamis pursued them, and forced a capitulation which resulted in the massacre of all the men of both tribes, and the captivity of their wives and chil- dren. The Outagamies and Mascoutins who were not actually killed on the island, were brought to Detroit, where the Hurons continued to destroy four, five and six per day until the last of these warriors who laid siege to the post was no more. The massacre resulted in the death of 800 men, women and children belonging to the besieging tribes at the hands of the Hurons and Miamis. The decade closing in 1721 was one which tried the souls of the French in- habitants of Detroit. The sale of brandy and other abuses were prohibited and a great moral change effected in the manners, customs, and habits of the white garri- son and settlers. A council of the Hurons, Ottawas, and Pottawatomies was held near the fort June 7, 1721, under Captain Tonti, then commandant. The great Indian Sastarexy of the Huron tribe was the principal speaker, and the results obtained were of a comparatively conciliating character, so much so that by the year 1725, the Outagamie savages acknowledged the French King in precisely the J' Lb>^ IIISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. same measure as did the other allies of the French. About this period also the log- house, known as St. Anne's Cliurch was built, new barracks erected, about forty- five dwelling-houses brought into existence, and the new stockade with bastions and block-houses raised. The circular road or Chemin du ronde was laid out, and numerous improvements made in the vicinity of the Government House. In 1746, the old French War may be said to renew itself ; but not until 1749 did the contest with the English soldiers take any regular form : — A decade later the French power in Canada was destroyed, and in 1760, all the French possessions, from Lake Michigan to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, were in the hands of the conquer- ing Normans and Anglo-Saxons. Captain Bellestre, then commandant at Detroit, surrendered to Major Robert Rogers, in October, 1760. In 1762, the famous Indian Pontiac called a council of the tribes at La Reviere a V Ecorse, near Detroit, at which Council the Ottawas, Chippewas, and Potta- watomies of Grand, Saginaw, Clinton, Black, and St. Joseph Rivers, were present, together with the Indians of Detroit, and bands of Delawares, Iroquois, Illinois, and Senecas. Minavavana, head chief of the Ojibwas, adopted a plan similar to that of Pontiac, and succeeded in destroying the soldiers of the English garrison at Miclillimackinac . Pontiac's strategy failed at Detroit. DETROIT IN 176-3. The historian Bancroft, referring to Detroit as it appeared to the settlers of 1763, just previous to Pontiac's military enterprise, says: — "Of all the inland settlements, Detroit was the largest and most esteemed. The deep majestic river, more than a half mile broad, carrying its vast flood calmly between its straight and well-defined banks, imparted a grandeur to a country wliose rising grounds and meadows, plains festooned with prolific wild-vines, woodlands, brooks, and foun- tains were so mingled together that nothing was left to desire. The climate was mild and the air salubrious. Good land abounded, yielding maize, wheat, and every vegetable. The forests were natural parks stocked with buffalo, deer, quail, partridge, and wild turkev. Water fowl of delicious flavor hovered along its streams, which streams also yielded to the angler a large quantity of fish, particu- larly white fish. There every luxury of the table might be enjoyed at the sole ex- pense of labor. This cheerful region attracted both the barbarian and the child of civilization the French had so occupied both banks of the river, that their numbers were rated so high as 2,500, of whom 500 were liable to aad able for military service— repre- senting 300 or 400 French families. However an enumeration made in 1764 points out just sufficient white men there to form three military companies ; while four years later, the census of the place, places the entire population at 572. The -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. French dwelt on farms which were about three or four acres wide on the river front, and eighty acres deep. The fort, then under Major Gladwyn, did not vary much from that known in the days of French dominion. Close by, Catherine, the Pocahontas of Detroit, lived. She who informed Gladwyn of the intentions of the Indians, she, it was, who related to William Tuckar, one of the soldiers at the fort, the story of Pontiac, and made him acquainted with the designs of that Indian Chieftain, and to her is due, in full measure, the averting of that terrible doom which hung so heavily over the English garrison of Detroit May 6, 1763. The death of Major Campbell at the hands of an Indian, whose uncle had been killed by the English at Michilimackinac, the sixty days' siege, the capture of the English supply convoy within sight of the fort, and the round of duty imposed upon the soldiers are all cliaractei'istic of that time. William Tuckar, one of whose descendants has taken a deep interest in the historv of Macomb, states: — " I was a sentinel on the ramparts, catching a few hours' sleep, with my clothes on and a gun by my side, for sixty days and nights." Dur- ing the last day of July and the first of August, 1763, Captain Dalzell's force was surprised near Maloche's house, and lost seventy men killed and forty wounded. For some years after this affair, Detroit was free from Indian assaults, treaties of peace were negotiated, aud everything resumed that happy standard reached under the French. Now, however, the echoes of The Revolution were heard at Detroit; Major Le Noult, a Frenchman in the English service, built Fort le Noult, in 1778, in anticipation of an American siege, and this name the new fortress bore until 1812, when the name Fort Shelly was conferred on it. Soon the American Generals, St. Clair, Anthony Wayne, Harmar, and the soldiers of the revolution came to claim the Northwest territory as organized by Congress in 1787. The treaty of Green- ville negotiated August, 1795, with the Indians, conveyed Detroit and the entire Northwest to the United States, and one year later. Captain Porter, in command of a company of United States troops, entered Detroit, and placed the Stars and Stripes and Fleur de Lis, where the English flag so recently floated. Previously the British garrison evacuated the post, after committing many acts of the lowest description, and placed it in possession of an old African, with whom the keys were subsequently found. From this period until 1805, the settlement of Detroit and the lake shore gradually advanced, which the fire of 1805 did not retard. In 1806 Tecumseh and EUshwatawa at the head of the Indian confederacy threatened Detroit and the settlements along the lake and Reviere aux Hurons or Clinton ; but the treaty of 1807 between that enigmatical governor, Hull, and the Ottawas, Chippewas, Potta- ^. ^±=±: ^ ^t^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. watomies and Wyandots, was effectual in allaying excitement and in conferring a spirit of confidence on the settlers. The war against the British, declared by Congress, June 18, 1812, was unfor- tunate for the Northwest in many respects, as there nothing was in readiness to meet the well-organized British ti-oops. All this resulted in the scandalous, if not treacherous, surrender of Hull. General Harrison's command eventually took pos- session of Detroit ; Col. Lewis Cass was commissioned Governor, and under his able administration, Michigan entered upon that political, social and commercial course which led her to her present greatness. THE PIONEER LAND BUYERS OF MACOMB. This is a most important portion of the history of Macomb County, and indeed one well worthy the attention of every citizen of this State, since most of the names mentioned were household words in the homes of the American pioneers from Michiliraackinac to Saginaw, to Detroit, to Grand Rapids, to Chicago, to Mil- waukee, back to the St. Joe river, up the Elkhart and the Kankankee, down to the old post of Vincennes. It is impossible to calculate the results of settlement here by those early French, American and Franco-American pioneers; but it is within our power to learn who they were, and the very location of their humble cabins. Before entering on the history of their times and settlement, let us first inquire into the origin of the names given to their locations. The first and most prominent name is la Riviere aux Hurons. The village of the Hurons was near Detroit. The name Huron, derived from the French, Hure, a wild boar, was applied to this tribe of Indians by the first French missionaries, for the reason that their hair sprung from the head in bristles a la porcupine. The French called them Hurons, but among the Indian tribes they were known as Wyandots, or Onendats. St. Clair and Sinclair. — In tiie year 1765 Patrick Sinclair, an Irish ofiBcer in the service of Great Britain, and commandant of Fort Sinclair, purchased 3,789 acres of land on tiie river above Lake St. Clair, and after him the river was named The Sinclair. In a report made January 17, 1806, by Augustus Woodward, to the Secretary of the Treasury, it is said that this ofQcer was a distinct character — dif- fering physically and morally from St. Clair of the French service. The latter was a grand-son of O'Brien, Lord Clare, who, after the treaty of Limerick, entered the French army. In his honor the lake at the mouth of the Clinton was named. The claim of Sinclair remained in his possession seventeen years, utilizing the large pine-timber, and deriving heavy profits. The rivers, creeks, and points of land were named in accord with some phys- ical characteristic, or otherwise in honor of one of the first settlers in the neigh- borhood. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. squatters' claims. Ill 1782 there were nineteen settlers living adjacent to tliis tract, a year later, twenty settlers located on Lake St. Clair, near the mouth of the Huron. In 1788 twenty settlements were made on the river Au.v Hurons, or Clinton ; in 1790 a few more settlers located at Pointe au Tremble. In 1793 ten families located lands on the Huron of Lake St. Glair, or Clinton. Seven years later four families joined the settlement. Six families joined the settlers at the head of the lake ; while the Salt Springs began to attract the attention of the people from the mouth of the Huron to the river St. Clair. In 1801, one settler located at these springs, and he was soon joined by others. In 1797, no less than thirty families located lands along the banks of La Riviere au Laif, or Milk River, and northwards to the Riviere aux Hurons. Those settlers founded their claims on actual settlement and improvement without any further title. Of this class there were about 400 on the borders of Lake St. Clair, rivers Huron, Ecorces, Rouge, and Raisin. In the succeeding review of claims, presented by the land-holders of Macomb, or the Oivil District of Huron, as the territory constituting the county of Macomb in 1818, was called, it will be observed that the result of the examination before the Board is not given in the greater number of cases. Now such a course was made unnecessary by the fact that almost in every instance the claimant's title was proved to the satisfaction of the Land Commissioners, who ordered a record to be made of such titles in the Land Office at Detroit, and subsequently recom- mended the issue of United States patents. The report of this board was made in 1810-11, and patents were granted in the year 1812, and years immediately suc- ceeding. Although Claim twenty-six seems to be connected in some manner with this county, there is no records presented to enable the writer to notice it in this con- nection. Therefore, ignoring that number, he begins the review with Claim 129. 129.— James Connor claimed the tract of land on the north bank of the Clinton, containing 510 acres, of which thirteen and three-quarter acres fronted on the river, extending back forty acres, and bounded on the west by William Tuckar's land. Henry Connor's testimony before the Land Board was to the effect that the claimant had possession, and began to improve the property before July 1, 179(3, since which time he has been in possession of the land. This formed Claim 129, which was granted, June, 1808. 130. — Joseph Campeau, Claim 130, was granted on the same date. The tract is on the south bank of the Aux Hurons, contains 640 acres, bounded in front by the river, in rear by Lake St. Clair, on one side by the land of Laurente Maure, and on the other by a second tract entered by him. Bapciste Coniparet and Henry Connor testified tb.at Joseph Campeau was in possession of this tract previous to July 1, 1796. ^0 -l^ HISTORY OF JIACOMB COUNTY. Campeau's fourth and fifth, Claim No. 133, containing 640 acres, was purchased from Louis Maure. This was bounded in front bj the river Huron, on the east by Jacques Loson's land, on the west by the land of Hyacinthe Deaitre, and in the rear by the lake. Claims 131 and 132 were his also. 134. — Joseph Campeau claim, 134, of 640 acres, is bounded in front by the river, in rear by the lake, on the west north-west by Louis Petit's lands, and on the east by a tract claimed by Joseph Campeau. Henry Connor testified in this case, that the land so described was purchased from Jean Baptiste Connellier previous to July 1, 1796. 135. — The Joseph Campeau claim, 135, is located south of th3 Riviere aux Surons, or Clinton, bounded in front by the river, extending to the lake between Pierre Phenix's land on one side, and Antoine Peltier's land on the other. Henry Connor testified that this tract was in possession of the claimant, and that a house was erected thereon previous to July 1, 1796, which house was then standing (1808). 136. — James Connor, in his letter to the Land Boaid, June 13, 1808, claimed 640 acres on the north side of the Huron, it being sixteen acres river front, forty acres in depth, bounded on the east by the Chatron farm, and in the rear and on the west by unlocated lands. Baptiste Comparet proved that previous to July, 1796, James Connor was in possession, that there was a cabin erected, and two or three acres of land cultivated and fenced before he, Comparet, left La Riviere aux Hurons in 1804. 137. — Richard Connor. The widow and heirs of Richard Connor applied to the Board to have their title to 600 acres on the south side of the Huron confirmed. Baptiste Comparet gave proof that the deceased Richard Connor was in possession of the land and premises previous to July 1796, up to 1804, when he left the dis- trict. Augustin Langdon deposed that the family of the deceased occupied the holding since 1801. Another tract, fifteen acres in front and forty acres in depth, of 600 acres, commencing at a place called Deer Lick, and bounded in rear, on the east and west by unlocated lands, was shown to be in possession of Richard Connor previous to July, 1796. 139. — Henry Connor claimed 480 acres on the north side of the Huron, bound- ed in front by the river, east by Christian Clemens' farm, and west and rear by wild lands. Comparet stated that William Dawson was the owner of this tract previous to July 1796, and remained so until its sale to Richard Connor, deceased. 140. — Joseph Robertjean's claim regarded eighty-one arpens of land on the north side of the Huron, bounded in front by the river, in the rear by Lake St. Clair, on one side by the lands of the late Alexis Peltier, and on the other side by the lands of Robert Robertjean. Comparet witnessed that Robertjean was in posses- ^fv 203 HISTORY OF IVIACOMB COUNTY. sion of such tract previous to 1796, aud Christian Clemens proved the claimant's possession in the year 1799. 141. — Christian Clemens' claim for 500 acres, beginniiig at the high bank of the Huron, and running down this bank about fourteen acres, to a small run or marsh then emptying into the river, running north forty acres; bounded in front by the Huron, on one side by Henry Connor's lands, on the other by the tract of James Abbott, and in rear by unlocated lands. Comparet's evidence was that John Conner was the owner of this tract previous to July 1796, who permitted Natlian Williams and Jared Brooks to build a still house on the premises about 1797 or 1798. In 1801 John and Richard Connor sold the tract to Christian Clemens. 144. — John Tuckar's claim. No. 144, was bounded in front by the Huron, in rear by Lake St. Clair, above by James Connor's lands, and below by Edward Tuckar's, bequeathed to the claimant by his father, the pioneer, William Tuckar. Comparet and Wm. McScott, proved possession previous to July, 1796. 156.— Edward Tuckar's land was bounded in front by the river, in rear by the lake, above by John Tuckar's farm, and below by Michael Tremble's land, which was also a bequest of the late Wm. Tuckar. 146. — William Tuckar claimed a tract bounded south by the river Huron, east by Francois St. Obin'sland, north by the lake, and west by Wm. Tuckar's (senior), original farm, afterwards in possession of the widow Tuckar. 147. — Catherine Tuckar claimed, in trust for her sons, Jacob and Charles, 640 acres, bounded in front by the river, in rear by the lake, below by claim 146, of William Tuckar, proved to be in possession of Wm. Tuckar, deceased, previous to July, 1796. 148. — Phillis Peltier's claim, 480 acres, bounded in front by the lake, in rear by hunting grounds, below by Nicholas Chapaton's farm, and above by a creek or coulee, called ventre de hoeuf. Jean Baptiste Pare proved occupation by Peltier fifteen years pi'evious to 1808. 149. — Jean Baptiste Pare claimed a tract bounded in front by the lake, in rear by Indian lands, above by Joseph Dube's farm and below by Louis Laforge's claim. Phillis Peltier proved that fifteen years previous to June, 1808, one Cayet was owner of this tract. He sold to Francois Dupre who in turn sold to Pare. Dupre confirmed this statement. 150. — Francois St. Obins tract northeast side of the Huron, containing about 640 acres, bounded in front by the river, in rear by the lake, above by William Tuckar's farm, and below by Michael Tremble's lands, was known to be in pos- session of Louis St. Obin, father of Francois, many years previous to July, 1796. Christian Clemens and B. Comparet were tlie witnesses. 154. — Claim No. 151, by the same party, of 640 acres bounded in front by the HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. river, ia rear by the lake, east by Chapaton's lands, and west by those of Jacques Loson, was originally settled by Michel Comparet, who sold to Louis Bandin, aud he in turn to St. Obin. Christian Clemens also proved continuous possession since 1800. 157. — Francois Ambroise's 140 acres, on the northwest side of Lake St. Clair, bounded in front by the lake, in rear by Indian grounds, on the north by Bazile Crequi's claim, and on the lower side by that of Jean Baptiste Vernier, dit Ladou- ceur, was settled by Etienne Duchesne in 1795, who built a small house thereon ; he sold his interest to Michel Duchesne, who in turn sold out to Ambroise. 156. — Jean Baptiste Vernier, dit Ladouceur, claimed 240 acres, bounded in front by the lake, in rear by non-ceded lands, on the northeast by Pierre Bon- liomme's farm, and on the southwest by the lands of Laurent Griffard. Possession was proven and title granted. 199. — Francois Ambrois Tremble claimed 140 acres fronting on Lake St. Clair, between the lands of Bazile Crequi and J. Bte. Vernier, originally settled by Etienne Duchesne, who presented them to Michel Ducliesne, who sold to Tremble. 16.3. — J. Bte. Nantay claimed 200 arpens fronting on the lake, between the lands of Phillis Peltier and Pierre Lanoue, possessed by him fourteen years pi-evious to June 18, 1808. 207. — Laurent Maure claimed 200 arpens fronting on the Huron, extending back to the lake between the farms of Jos. Robertson and Jos. Campeau, in his possession some years previous to 1796. A certificate of title was granted to him in 1809, and a patent issued in 1811. 162. — Jean Marsac's claim, bounded in front by the lake, in rear by Indian lands, northeast by Charles Chovin's farm, and southwest by Louis Leduc's dit Perez, claim, containing 160 acres, French measurement, was confirmed June 20, 1808. 16.3. — Jean Baptiste Nantay claimed 200 acres bounded in front by the lake, in rear by non-ceded lands, above by Phillis Peltier's farm, and below by that of Pierre Lanoue. 164. — Joseph Mitresse, dit Sansfacon, claimed 360 arpens, French measurement, bounded in front by the lake, in rear by Indian lands, above by Baptiste Ble's farm, and below by Charles Chovin's claim, was in possession of Nicholas Patenande previous to 1796. He sold to Autoine Cecille six arpens in front, who, in turn, sold to Sansfacon. Pierre Laparle owned three arpens in front, which he gave to Louis Champagne, and which he in turn sold to the claimant. 165. — Joseph Dube claimed 120 arpens, bounded in front by the lake, in rear by the hunting grounds, on one side by Baptiste Pierre's farm, and on the other by by that of Pierre Lanoue. This property was in possession of Nicholas Value pre- M'^ HISTORY OP MACO^MB COUNTY. vious to July, 1796, aud continued so until sold to Charles Cliovin, who transferred it to Dube. 1G7. — Joseph Rowe claimed 240 arpens, bounded in front by the river Huron, in rear by Indian grounds, on the west by Bazile Laforge's farm, and on the east by tliat of Pierre Phenix. This property was proven by Louis Campeau to be in the possession of A. N. Petit, before and after 1796, until he sold to the present claimant. 168. — Louis Campeau, the pioneer of Saginaw and Kent Counties, was among the first land owners in Macomb. In 1808, he claimed 280 arpens bounded in front by the Huron, in rear by non-ceded lands, west by the Joseph Campeau claim, and east by B. Laforge's farm. 170. — Jean B. Vernier, dit Ladouceur, claimed 200 arpens bounded in front by Lake St. Clair, in rear by non-ceded lands, northeast by Francois Ambroise's farm, and southwest by that of Nicholas Patenande. Alexis Coquillard heard Robert Thomas acknowledge himself as tenant to Jean B. Nantay. 172. — John Askin, Jr., claimed 625 acres, bounded in front by the river Huron in rear and on one side by the United States lands, and on the other by the Christian Clemens' property. Harry Tuckar, witness for the claimant, proved that one Descoteaux improved and cultivated the lands, by order of, and for the claimant, previous to July, 1796,; that the claimant had a house built some time after Descoteaux went there, and that afterwards Christian Clemens tenanted the premises, cultivated the lands, erected fences, and continued to improve the property until 1808. Mr. Clemens substantiated this statement, and a title was granted. 173. — James Abbott claimed 630 acres, bounded in front by the river, in rear by United States lands, above by a buttonwood tree — one acre above a small creek and below by unlocated lands. Edward Hezell built a house on this claim, and raised two crops previous to 1796. Hezell sold his interest to James Abbott, (father of the claimant) deceased, since which time up to 1808 Christian Clemens improved and cultivated the lands, paying to the claimant an annual rent from 1799 to 1808. 174. — Jacob Thomas' widow and heirs claimed a tract at L'ance Creuse of 160 arpens, bounded in front by the lake, in rear by non-ceded lands, on one side by Baptiste Nantay's farm, and on the other by that of Jean Baptiste Dube, all prop- erty in possession of Jacob Thomas previous to 1796. 175. — Louis Petit's tract of 120 arpens was bounded in front by the river Huron, in rear by non-ceded lands, on one side by P. Phenix's farm, and on the other by tliat of Joseph Campeau. One Connellier was in possession previous to 1796, and continued owner until he sold out to L. Petit, May 8, 1797. HISTORY OF .^lACOMB COUXTY. 20-". 176. — Pierre Phenix claimed 240 arpens, bounded in front by the Huron, in rear by n. c. lands, on one side by Joseph Rowe's farm, and on the other by that of Joseph Campeau. This territory was partly in possession of one Lapaline and one Provost. The former sold to Natliau Williams, who sold to Joseph Bonvouloir, who sold to Joseph Cherbonneau, from whom Phenix purchased. 183. — Laurent Griffard claimed 120 arpens fronting on Lake St. Clair, extend- ing backwards to the n. c. lands, to the J. B. Vernier farm on the northeast, and to the Henry St. Bernard farm on the southwest. Louis Monet testified that Griffard was in possession of this land in 1788. 184. — Jacques AUard's 120 arpens fronting on the lake, bounded by the Indian grounds in the rear, Bte. Celeron's farm on one side and Louis Griffard's on the other was settled by the claimant several years previous to 1796, as shown in the evidence of Charles Poupard. 192. — Meldrum and Park claimed 630 acres, bounded northeast by the river Lassaliue, southwest by other lands of the claimants, in front by the lake, and in rear by other claims. This land was tenanted by Antoiue N. Petit previous to 1796, who rented it from M. and P. One Durrocher rented it for one year, and Dupre for two one-half years subsequently. 193. — Another tract of 630 acres, bouud southwest by Riviere aux Vases, northeast and rear by other lauds of Meldrum and Park, and in front by the lake, was first rented, in 1795, by Baptiste Letoiirneau. Louis Barret and Denocher then rented the place. Francis Berian lived there for thi'ee years and one Dupre for two years. 194. — Michel Tremble claimed a tract on the Huron, bounded iu front by the river, in rear by the lake, above by F. Saint Obin's farm, and below b\' R. Robert- jean. Nicholas Chapaton was in possession of this property previous to 1796. 195. — The second claim of Tremble related to lands bounded in front by the Huron, in rear by n. c. land, above by Edward Tuckar's farm, and below by the property of the widow and heirs of William Tuckar, deceased. Henry Tuckar was the owner of those lands before and after 1796, until he sold to Christian Clemens, from whom Tremble jDurchased them. 196. — Jacob Hill's heirs claimed 240 acres fronting on the river Saint Clair, between the farms of George Meldrum and Joseph Bassinet, of which land Jacob Hill was in possession previous to 1796, as proven by Ignace Champagne. 197. — Another tract between the farms of George Meldrum and Alexander Harrow, fronting on the river Saint Clair, was also claimed. 207. — Laurent Maure claimed 200 arpens fronting on the river Huron, extend- ing back to the lake, between the farms of Joseph Robert and Joseph Campeau, of which he was owner previous to 1796. W\^=i^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 213. — Nicholas Chapaton's claim, founded on a deed given by the Indians — Vouista nance and Nanguy — dated Detroit, May, 1795, contained about 160 acres. The area was disputed, and the evidence before the Board was so contradictory that the commissioners rejected the claim. The description points out that this claim fronted on Lake Saint Clair, and extended back to the n. c. grounds, between the lands of Phillis Peltier and Jean Bte. Nantay. 219. — Pierre Griffard claimed 160 arpens fronting on Lake Saint Clair, between the farms of Joseph Griffard and J. B. N. Petit. His possession previous to 1796 being proved by J. B. Nantay, the claim was allowed. Isadora Morain settled on claim 221, in 1795 ; but during his absence Pierre Champagne took and held forcible possession for one year from 1796, afterward one Gorslet lived on it, whose widow sold the claim to Bte. Allsin, who was in posses- sion July, 1808. This land fronted on the lake, between the lands of Michel Duchesne and Bte. A. Tremble, and measured 120 arpens. 222. — Antoine Reneau purchased from William Forsyth 120 arpens fronting on the lake between the claims of Joseph Campeau and Pierre Tremble, May 3, 1806. The location was known as Pointe Guinolet, originally settled by Francois Ble, who sold to William Forsytli. 228 — by Louis Reneau, comprising 120 arpens, fronted on Lake Saint Clair, between the lands of Louis Grift'ard and Francois Bonhomme, was ceded. 224 — by -Jacques Allard, Jr., containing 120 arpens, fronted on the lake between the lands of Colas Rivard and Jacques Allard, Senr. This land was originally settled by J. Bte. Dumas who transferred it to Bte. Celeron, who sold to Jacques Allard in 1807. 225 — by Michel Duchesne, containing 120 arpens. fronted on the lake, between the lands of Bte. Lapierre and Bte. Petit. Louis Thibault was the original grantee, who sold to F. Bernard, who sold to J. B. Comparet, Jr., who in turn sold his in- terest to Duchesne. 220 — by Joseph Robertjean, containing 630 arpens, fronted on the Huron be- tween the lands of Joseph Rowe and James Abbott, was settled in 1795 by John Loveless, who sold to the claimant in 1798. Christian Clemens testified that Robertjean cultivated a portion of the claim since 1801. 231 — by Alexander Grant, containing 639 acres, fronting on Lake Saint Clair, between the claims of William Forsyth and Gregor McGi-egor, was, as stated by J. Bte. Campeau or Penish, to possession of grant previous to July, 1796. Louis Chapaton's (claim 338) land, 120 arpens in area, fronted on the Huron, extended to the lake between the farms of F. Saint Obin and Louis Maure. Seraphin Leson testified that such land was in possession of Joseph Campeau pre- vious to July, 1796, who disposed of his interest therein to Chapaton. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 239. — Jean Bte. Marsac claimed 120 arpens fronting on the lake at Grosse Point, between the farms of Pierre Yax and Charles Goniin, in possession of Joseph Serre, and previous to July, 1796. 240. — Marsac also claimed 120 arpens fronting on tlie lake between Capt. Fleming's and Francis Tremble's holdings, originally settled by Louis Billon ; dit resperance, and conveyed by him to Marsac, Aug. 17, 1801. 242. — Robert Robertjean claimed forty-five arpens, fronting on the Huron, ex- tending to the lake, and lying between the lands of Joseph Robertjean and Michel Tremble, in his possession previous to 1796. 243. — Jean Marie Beaubien's claim of 640 acres fronting on the river Saint Clair, between the lands of Meldrum and Park and those of the negro, Harry Sanders, was allowed. 249. — Francois Bonhomme or Bonome claimed 200 arpens fronting on the lake at Pointe a Guinolet, between the lands of J. Bte. Vernier and Louis Reneau, Sr., which was in his possession previous to July, 1796. 250. — Nicholas Patenaude, Jr., claimed 160 arpens at L'ance Crease, on the lake shore, between the farms of Vernier or Ladouceur and Bte. Socier, occupied by Francois Ambroise Tremble previous to 1796. 261. — Jean Baptiste Creque's widow and heirs claimed forty arpens fronting on the lake, between the holdings of Meldrum and Park and Joseph Allair, which land was in their possession previous to July, 1796. 262. — Meldrum and Park claimed eighty arpens fronting on Lake Saint Clair, between 261 and that of Nicholas Patenaude. 236. — William Connor claimed 600 acres fronting on the Huron, between the lands of John Askin, Jr., and James Connor, improved in 1794 by William Connor and his sons, and now claimed by James Connor. 272. — William Robertson's heirs claimed 300 acres fronting on the lake be- tween H. St. Bernard's and Francois Tremble's farms— land purchased originally by Wm. Groesbeck from the Indians, and deeded by him to the deceased William Robertson January 15, 1796. Groesbeck made the first improvements here so early as 1780 through his tenants who remained there until 1785, when George Baker contracted to buy the land. Baker remained on it many years, but made no payments. Baker being content to inform him that L'Esperance would pay the £100 due on it. In 1805, Groesbeck found the land vacant, and with the per- mission of J. Bte. Marsac and Wm. Robertson's agent, both claimants, he went to live on his old property, where he lived up to 1808 without paying rent to any party. L'Esperance stated to the Board August 18, 1808, that he purchased from Jacob Baker the tract in question and sold it to J. Bte. Marsac, for a plantation, on the British side of the Detroit River. 5 "V A__^ HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. 273. — Nicholas Patenaude, Sr., bought twentj-fuur arpens fronting on Lake St. Chiir, between the Robinson and Martin and the JVIeldrum and Park properties, in 1778, and claimed to have improved such lands so early as 1758. 276.— Julien Fortou claimed 160 arpens fronting on the lake, between the farms of Pierre Ambroise and Gabriel Reneau. Seraphin Leson testified that Forton held possession of this tract previous to 1796. 277. — Charles Chovin claimed 220 arpens fronting on the lake between the lands of Jos. Saiisfacou and J. Bte. Marsac, which he located previous to 1796 ; he also claimed a tract (278) containing 110 arpens fronting on the lake, between the farms of J. Bte. Lapierre and Etienne Sieur, also possessed by him previous to 1796. 316. — Louis Leduc claimed 120 arpens fronting on the lake between the claim of Panaclia and that of Francois Duchesne at L'ance Creuse, in possession of one Champagne previous to 1796, transferred to Jean Sunare, and by him to Le Due. 389. — Joseph Campeau claimed, as the grantee of Louis Maure, a tract of land fronting on the Huron, extending to Lake St. Clair, and lying between the lands of Louis Chapoton, Sr., and another claim of Joseph Campeau. Louis Maure pos- sessed those lands previous to 1796, and continued in their possession until the execution of the deed, September 10, 1808, to Joseph Campau. 320. — Jean Bte. St. Laurent claimed 120 arpens fiouting on the lake between the holdings of Baptiste A. Tremble and Francois A. Tremble. Gabriel Reneau was the possessor of these lands previous to 1796, and continued so until the transfer of the property to his brother Louis ; who sold to Bazile Crequi from whom J. B. St. Laurent purchased July 15, 1808. 343. — Pierre Yax claimed 480 arpens at la Pointe Aux Crapaux, fronting on Lake St. Clair, in his possession previous to and since the year 1796. 502. — Rene Marsac's title to 80 arpens, fronting on Lake St. Clair, and lying between the lands of Francois Marsac and Nicholas Patenaude, was confirmed De- cember 14, 1808. 505. — Jean Bte. Petit claimed 160 arpens at L'ance Creuse, fronting the lake, and lying between the lands of Michel Duchesne and Mr. Bellinger. F. St. Ber- nard was the possessor of this tract in 1796 ; he sold to Louis Petit Clair, who sold in turn to Louis Maure, and he sold to J. Bte. Petit. 513. — Louis Laforge, possessor of a tract of 150 arpens, fronting the lake at L'Ance Creuse, between the farms of J. Bte. Pare and Baptiste Dube, was con- firmed in his title. Mr. Cady states that this pioneer was a centenarian, and re- mained on his old homestead until ten or twelve years ago. 541. — James Connor and Christian Clemens, associate owners of a tract of land situate on the north side of the river Huron, containing 640 acres, fronting on the 9 ^ -4* HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. river, and lying between the lands of Peter Douman on the east, and John Connor on the west, claimed a title thereto on account of possession, occupancy, and im- provement, previous to and since 1796. Henry Connor testified that John Chartion was possessor of those lands for five years previous to 1796, when he sold to tlie claimants. They cultivated six acres of ground, built a house, and planted an or- chard previous to December, 1808. The claimants exhibited a deed made by Henry Tuckar March 4, 1808. 512. — Christian Clemens claimed 640 acres south of and fronting on tlie Huron, next above the land of .James Abbott. James Connor testified that a long period prior to 1796, Edward Hazel took possession of the tract, and held it until the sale to James Abbott, and he in turn was the owner until the sale to his son — James Abbott, Jr., under whom Mr. Clemens went into possession. 544. — Joseph Campeau claimed eighty arpens fronting on the lake, between the lands of Thomas Tremble and Etienne Duchesne; at Point a Guinolette, originally in possession of Pierre Duchesne. In 1808 twenty arpens were culti- vated, and a house erected. 545. — Joseph Campeau claimed a tract on the south side of the Huron, three arpens of which fronted on the river, extending in depth to Lac St. Clair, between the claims of Louis Campeau and Louis Maure. Michel Duchesne proved occu- pancy by the claimant previous, and since 1796. In 1808 thirty arpens were under cultivation. 546. — Henry Connor claimed 640 acres on the north side of tlie Huron, front- ing on the river, and running up the main river sixteen acres. James Connor testified that, several years prior to 1796, he saw the claimant ploughing the land, and when returning from the Indian Country in 1804, a house was erected, and the claimant was engaged in making other improvements. Francis Guy's testimony was substantiatory. 559 — Israel Ruland claimed 640 acres lying on the south and north sides of Salt River, of which thirty-two acres fronted on the south bank of the river, and extended backwards twenty-two acres between the lands deeded to him September 29 (also claimed by Meldrum and Park) ; while five acres fronted on the north bank, extending back twenty acres, between the lands of George Meldrum on the east, and the wild lands on the west and north. Previous to 1796, N. Petit and A. Prevot were living on those lands as tenants of Meldrum and Park. They evacu- ated the place in 1797 when John Bte. Nantay took possession for tlie claimant. In 1802 he saw John Lagord, Pierre Champagne and Joseph Socier on the premises. During his first stay there were old houses. He aided in building new houses, cleared three or four acres, and made and enclosed a garden. John Lagord also repaired an old house and built two new ones for the plaintiff. 14 rfv^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUN'IY. 564. — Jean Baptiste Rivard claimed 240 arpens, bounded in front by the lake, northeast by Jean Crequi's former claim, southwest by the land of Joseph Socier, and in the rear by the unlocated lands. 565. — Etienne Socier claimed 160 arpens fronting on the lake, betvveenn the lands of Jean Bte. Lapeer, and J. Bte. A. Tremble. Joseph Laforet was in posses- sion of this tract previous to 1796, he sold to Bte. Cochois in July 1796, who exchanged with Ignace Sene, who in a few months after sold to Henry Campeau, who in turn sold to J. A. Tremble. Tremble sold to Amable Latour, from whom it passed into the hands of Socier in 1804. 566. — Jean Bte. Ambroise Tremble claimed 160 arpens fronting on Lake St Clair, between claim 565 and the lands of Bte. Celleron. Ignace Send had posses- sion previous to 1796, who sold to Cochois, who in turn sold to Tremble. 576. — Jean Bte. Sen<3 claimed 252 arpens fronting Lac St. Clair, between the lands of Jacques Alliard and Louis Reneau. This tract was owned by Louis Grif- fard, Jr., previous to 1796, aud continued iu his possession until he sold to Sene December 23, 1808. 577. — Henry St. Bernard claimed 120 arpens fronting on the lake, between the lands of Laurent Griffard and Julian Campeau. Capt. William Fleming was the owner previous to 1796, and subsec^uently until he sold to Joseph Elliar, from whom the claimant purchased September 12, 1808. 584. — Alex. EUair's widow claimed 120 arpens fronting on the lake between the lands of George McGregor and Madame Crequi by virtue of possession, etc., previous to 1796. The widow's name was Josette Galinion. 585. — Joseph Socier claimed 120 arpens fronting on the lake between the lands of Bte. Rivard and John Litle, by virtue of occupation and improvement since 1788. 599. — James Abbott's legal heirs claimed 640 acres fronting on Lac Saint Clair, between Duchesne's land on the south and southwest, and the unlocated lands on the north and northwest, on account of improvements made previous to 1796. 601. — Bte. Dubay claimed a tract of land fronting on the lake, between the claims of Louis Laforge and Simon Landri, originally settled by Joseph Garand, purchased by Seraphin Leson, who sold to the claimant in 1802. 602. — Alexis Dubay claimed 160 arpens at L'ance Creuse, extending from the lake between the lands of Simon Landri and Michel Comparet, settled previously to 1796 by Dubay Pere, Vv-ho sold to Alexis in 1802. 603. — Cecille Campeau's heirs claimed 640 acres fronting on the Huron, be- tween the lands of Joseph Campeau and Michel Comparet, extending to the lake front. Cecille was the widow of Thomas Williams, and at the period immediately preceding her demise was the wife of Jacques Leson. "t HISTORY OF MACOJIB COUNTY. 604. — Joseph Campeau claimed the land fronting on the Huron, between his own lands above and those of F. Saint Obin below, by virtue of possession, occu- pancy and improvement made by Thomas Edwards and Jacques Leson previous to 1796. Leson sold this tract to Josej)!! Campeau, but Mrs. Leson refused to sign tlie deed. In this state the claim was allowed to rest for some time until finally ad- justed. 605. — Pierre Mavet's heirs claimed 160 arpens fronting on Lake Saint Clair, between the lands of Bte. Chovin and Jean Louis Tremble, settled previous to 1796 by the deceased Pierre. 610. — John Connor claimed 640 acres on the North Branch of the Huron, ex- tending from the north bank of the river along the James Connor claim on the east, and bounded by unlocated lands on the north and rear. Henry Connor proved possession previous to 1796. In 1797 John Connor went into the Indian country, leaving the land and imprbvements in care of the witness. Julian Campeau claimed (611) 120 arpens fronting on Lake Saint Clair, be- tween the lands of Henry Saint Bernard and Jean Baptiste Marsac, of which Capt. William Fleming was the first owner. He sold to Joseph Elliar, and he, in turn, to Julian Campeau, Sept. 10, 1808. 613. — Francois Marsac claimed a tract on Tremble's Creek, bounded in front by the creek, originally settled by Andrew Baker, who sold it to John Litle May 7, 1796, from whom it was purchased in 1801, by Marsac, was allowed, 614 — granted to Capt. Marsac. This land was in possession of Pierre Yax, pre- vious to 1796, and until he sold it to his sou Francois Yax, who disposed of it to Marsac Feb. 18, 1808. This claim was bounded in front by Swan Creek, and on all other sides by wild land. 616. — Nicholas Campeau claimed three tracts in one farm fronting on the Huron and extending to Lake Saint Clair, between the claims of Joseph Campeau. John Tuckar proved that those lands were in possession of N. Value, Augustin Charon and A. Leboeuf previous to and after the year 1796. 624. — Gaget Tremble claimed a tract of land, possessed previous to 1796 by Maison and Antoiue Larabelle, who sold to the claimant Feb. 4, 1801, their in- terests therein. The tract comprises 600 arpens fronting Lake Saint Clair, and extend- ing northwards to Milk River, between the Joseph Campeau claim and the wild lands. In 1808, 200 arpens were under cultivation. 625. — Pierre Duchesne claimed a tract of land southwest of L'ance Creuse, bounded on the northeast by Jacques Alli^rd's former claim, on the southwest by the Long Meadow, in front by Lac Saint Clair, and in rear by unlocated lands, in virtue of his possession thereof, before July, 1796. 626. — Christian Clemens claimed 280 arpens fronting on the Huron, between HISTORY OF MAC0JI15 COUNTY. unlocated lands in rear, the claim of John Askin, Jr., ou one side, and claimant's land on the other. John Askin, Jr., was the owner of the land in 1796. 627. — Pierre Yax claimed 480 arpens fronting on Lake St. Clair, extending back to the nnlocated lands along Francois JVIarsac's claim on the south, at the wild lands on the north, wliich he continued to cultivate from 1796 down to 1808. 628. — Margaret Conner, widow of Richard Connor, claimed for herself and cliildren, a tract one mile south of the River Huron fronting on a small creek called Big Run, which for several years prior to 1796 was improved annually by the de- ceased Richard Connor and herself. 630. — Baptiste Socier claimed 210 arpens fronting on Lake St. Clair above the lands of Nicholas Patenaude, belonging to Jos. Garand in 1796 and subsequently sold to Socier. 631. — Francois Ambroise Tremble claimed 120 arpens at Pointe Guinolet fronting on the lake between tlie lands at Benj. Marsac and Francis Forton, in liis possession previous to and since 1796. 638. — Joseph Campeau (8th) claimed a tract fronting on the Huron, between the claims of Pierre Phenix by virtue of possession and improvement previous to 1796. 650. — Pierre Tremble claimed a tract of land at Pointe Guinolet, fronting on the lake, and running along the northeast side of Antoine Reneau's claim, bounded on the southwest by Julian Forton's farm. 656. — Nicholas Rivard claimed a tract fronting the lake between Bte. Celleron and Louis Tremble's land. 657. — Gabriel Reneau claimed one arpen fronting on the lake at Point Guino- let, running back forty arpens, between the lands of Julian Forton and Nicholas Rivard, transferred from Colos Rivard, the owner in 1796. 692. — Abraham Fournier claimed a tract bounded on the northeast by Widow Ambroise Tremble's land, on the southwest by Rene Marsac's, in front by the lake, running back forty arpens, to the non-ceded lauds, all in possession of the deceased husband previous to 1796. 693. — William Connor claimed 600 acres on the north side of the Huron, bounded on the upper side by John Askin, Jr.'s, claim, on the other by that of John Connor, in front by the river, and in rear by the unlocated lands, whicli tract was taken possession of two years before the Americans took possession of the country. 695. — Ambroise Tremble's widow and heirs claimed the homestead on which the husband and father lived since 1774, until he died in 1805. 668. — John Askin, for Wm. Ancram, claimed a tract of land on the Huron, which claim was .supported by Robert Dowler, who said that in the year 1786, he HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. rented from Askin a part of this tract, and cultivated near sixteen acres thereof during the succeeding two years. John Cornwall lived there sometime before 1788 as agent for Askin. Forty acres were under cultivation by tenants of Askin, and there were a number of cabins erected on the lands by the Moravian ministers and Indians. 736. — Was granted to Joseph Laurent, 1810, by a certificate of the Board of Land Commissioners. Aaron Greely surveyed all those claims, reported to the U. S. Land Depart- ment, and the General Government issued patents, in 1812, on the streno-th of certificates of title issued by the Land Board of Detroit 1808-1810. INDIAN RESERVATIONS. The following review refers to the patentees of lands reserved to the Indians in the treaties, and held by them until their purchase immediately after the treaty of Detroit. A few hundred acres of those lands are outside the couuty line, yet considered in the county records. LA RIVIERE ATJ VASES AND MACONEE RESERVES. Francis Yax -59.79 acres, Sec. 13, T. 3 north, R. 14 east; May 13, 1839. William Darrell, .5.33 " Sec. 14, T. 3 north, R. 14 east ; Leon C. Rivard, 74.30 " Sec. 23, James H. Cook, 79.40 " " " " " Jonathan Kearsley, 65.35 " " " " " Paul cir. Cayen, 20.13 " " " " « " 55.26 " " " " « Jonathan Kearsley, 17.90 " " " " « James H. Cook, 48.00 " " " " » Joseph Socier, 78.32 " Sec. 24, " " " Francis Yax, 13.80 " " " " " William Darrell, 56.60 " " " ' " » Lauring B. Migner, 31.64 " Sec. 26, " " " Francois Yax, 30.61 " Sec. 28, " " " Lansing B. Migner, 88.70 " Sec. 29, " " " Jonathan Kearsley, 33.35 "" " " " Oct. 18, 1841. John B. Socier, 56.00 " " " " Jan. 2, 1844. Jonathan Kearsley, 7.06 " Sec. 32, " " May 14, 1839. 38.07 " Sec. 33, T. 3, west, R. 14, east ; The patentees of the United States lands of this county, who were settlers here or became settlers here after purchase, will be regarded in the pages devoted to township history. a>\\ HISTORY OF MACOMB COITNTY. CHAPTER XIII. THE MORAVIANS. By what power tyranny is allowed to exist is one of the mysteries. Europe before the Reformation was a continent of tyrannies — since the Reformation it has changed the petty tyrant for the powerful one ; and is to-day ground down beneath a more terrible — a more exacting — a more pernicious oppression than ever existed to mark the pages of its olden history. Instead of a few hundred Moravians, a few hundred Puritans, a few hundred Catholics flying from evil laws, as in olden times, we have tens of thousands, aye hundreds of thousands, looking westward across the Atlantic to these States with longing eyes, and sending messages of hope to reach friends here before they die. Great numbers have come, are coming, and doubtless may continue to come ; but the power that drives them from their old homes is*a mysterious one. Tyranny forced the Moravians to seek the encourage- ment of tyrants in 1749. It was willingly extended, and thirty-two years later the same false friend murdered one hundred of those who sought and obtained his dangerous patronage. SETTLEMENT OF THE MORAVIAN SUSPECTS. The English at Detroit suspected that a certain settlement of pious Moravians on the Muskingum River were sympathizers with the Americans, called a conference of the tribes at Niagara, and urged the fierce Iroquois to destroy the Moravian Indians, the name given to the few redmen who had up to that period been con- verted by the Moravian missionaries; but the Iroquois chiefs failed to see where such a massacre would benefit themselves, and were content to send a message to the Ottawas and Otchipwes, requesting them to make a houilU of the Moravian Indians on tiie Muskingum. The Moravian missionaries arrived at Detroit in 1781, when the Indians held a war council in presence of those missionaries and De Peyster, the commandant. The Indian chief, known as Capt. Pike, told De Peyster, that the English might kill the Americans if they wished — they had raised the quarrel among themselves, and they who should fight it out. The English had set him on the Americans just as the hunter sets his dog on the game ; but the Indian would play the dog's part no longer. Kishkawko and another warrior stood by the side of the British commandant. The foimer carried a hickory cane about four feet long, ornamented or rather strung with the scalps of Americans, together with a tomahawk presented to him by De ^\>. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. of Montreal in Lower Canada. The deed of conveyance bears date June 28, 1796. MORAVIANISM. The history of the Moravians begins in 1457, long years before Lutlier's Reformation. Toward the close of the iifteenth centiny there were over 200 Moravian churches in Moravia and Bohemia, when a Moravian Bible was published and studied. Passing over three centuries of the history of this religious society, during which time it died out in its cradle, we learn of its revival in 1749 under the auspices of the British Parliament. That body acknowledged Moravianism a part of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and further enacted that every encourage- ment should be given to its followers to settle in the British colonies of Nortli America. The Moravians came and established their missions along the frontier, the most important of which was that in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, at Muskingum. Here 100 missionaries and disciples were killed in 1781, under the auspices of the British Government, ostensibly on account of outrages and murders charged against them, but in reality on account of the sympathy which they exhibited towards the New Republic, and under orders of British ofScers. The survivors of the massacre came to Detroit in 1781, thence moved to the village on the Huron, which they named Neiv Qnadenlmtten. MORAVIAN MARRIAGES. While waiting for one of those most uncertain conveyances, known as a Grrand Trunk Train, one morning John E. Day pointed out the site of the ancient village of New Gnadenhutten to the writer and Judge Avery, of N. Y. The latter related the story of Moravian marriages, and, in fact, had time to review the history of the United States before that Grrand Trunk Train arrived. The Moravians never selected a wife — never had a chance to do so, for the reason that one of the articles of their faith pointed out distinctly that God was the great designer, and to Him the Moravian should trust the choice of a wife. The manner in which their God made the selection was crude indeed. One of the principal missionaries brought forth a cylindrical tin case, something similar to that which is used in lottery affairs at the present time. In this lie placed bark or paper slips, with the names of all male candidates for matrimonial honors. Another missionary brought forth a similar tin case, in whicli he placed tickets each bearing the name of one marriageable girl of the settlement. Missionary No. 1 gave his lottery tickets a thorough shaking, then opened the little door and took out the ticket which he first touched, the name on which he read aloud, and then presented the ticket to the members of his audience who were thenceforth witnesses. This first act played, missionary No. 2 gave the lottery case containing the tickets bearing the female names, a shaking precisely as -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. thorough as that given in the former instance, and withdrawing a ticket, called out the name, presented it to the persons near him, and called them to witness the genuineness of tlie transaction. This closed the second act of the drama. The third act was the religious ceremony of matrimony and the proclamation of the nuptials; the fourth was the wedding banquet, enlivened by hymns, gunshots, and congratulatory speeches, and the fifth and last act of the play was a quiet, evi- dently happy life until death separated the strangers who were made man and wife in the third act. MORAVIAN MAISTNERS, HABITS AND CUSTOMS. The habits of those people and even of their Indian converts were as peculiar as the manners were quiet and unassuming. Their customs were even stranger than their habits. Economy was practiced to such an extent, that even they were sparing in the use of language. In the midst of plenty they were accustomed to deny themselves food, and proclaimed many fast days throughout the year. Their tastes for agriculture were not so marked as their love for horticulture, but both gave way to the prevailing passion for mechanical work. They clothed themselves in the plainest fashion, yet seemed always at home under all circumstances. Cool and calculating, and even usurious when chance offered, they were slow to betray their feelings. They formed a community of such a peculiar character, that once seen they could never be forgotten. THE MORAVIAN VILLAGE. This village was located where in later j'ears was the farm of Elisha Harring- ton, round the site of the residence of tliat pioneer. As described by Mr. Harrington, this center of Moravianisiu on this continent, comprised thirty one-story log-houses — fifteen on each side of a laneway forming tlie nucleus of what the day-dreams of Huckenwelder pointed out would be the main street of a large and prosperous town. In the center of one of those rows was the Moravian temple, differing very little in external appearance from the dwellings of the worshipers, Ijuilt as much for defense against the bellicose Otchipwes, as for shelter from climatic extremes. Here this tribe remained some years, but the Otchipwes, whose more warlike natures made them the terror of all the neighboring tribes, became jealous of the Moravians, hating them because they had abandoned the war-path, and the nomadic life of their forefathers. They hated them because their religion was full of mys- tery or appeared so to the savages of the Chippewa nation. The Moravians knew full well how deep was the hatred, which their scalp-taking neighbors entertained toward civilization, and her children, of their feelings toward any Indians who pro- fessed friendship for the American, and this knowledge tended to render their stay here as disagreeable as it was dangerous. It is no wonder to learn of their emigra- 't^ :}i}i HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tion. They scattered — some returning to Muskingum, otliers effecting a settle- ment near the scene of Proctor's defeat, on tlie Thames River in Canada; but before the persecuted people left their village on the banks of the Huron, fourteen mem- bers of their colony died, and were buried at Frederick, where their graves were made between what are now known as the Harrington and Stephen's farms. The old Moravian village at Frederick has passed into the Past. It is as if it had never been. One relic alone remains. Years ago Elisha Harrington, realizing the fact that the time would come, when such a relic would possess no inconsider- able interest to the antiquarian, dug up and j^reserved a piece of the timber, which formed a part of one of those buildings. The following paper on this subject, read by the Rev. B. H. Bissell, now at Armada, before the Mount Clemens Lyceum, March 23, 1858, and introduced by Judge Eldridge subsequently in his sketches is a valuable addition to Moravian his- tory. " In 1781, all the missionaries laboring at their different stations on the Musk- ingum, in Ohio, were taken prisoners and brought before Col. De Pe3'ster, at Detroit, charged with acting in concert with the United States troops at Pittsburgh. Early in July, 1782, several of the Indians who had been connected with the mis- sion arrived at Detroit with some white brethren, among whom were Richard Connor and his family. Having obtained permission from the Chippewas in their behalf, De Peyster advised the Moravians to settle on the Clinton (then known as the Huron) River, and to bring their Indians there. He furnished them a vessel and provisions, and such utensils as they needed, together with two milch cows and some horses, and his lady also made them several useful presents. On the 20th of July, 1782, Zeisberger and Jungman, with their families, and Edwards and Jung, single missionaries, set out with nineteen Indians from Detroit, and arrived at their new home on the Clinton River the next evening. They named it New Gnaden- hutten, in remembrance of their old home on the Muskingum. Some more of their dispersed converts now gathered to them, and a flourishing settlement was in prospect. . . . The commandant at Detroit had made arrangements with the Indians that this settlement at Frederick should continue until peace was restored between Great Britain and the United States. They remaining after this event, the Chippewas, on whose lands the mission was located, became jealous of them, and on the 20th of April, 1786, the whole was abandoned with the intention of returning to Ohio. Mr. Connor being advanced in years preferred to remain, and this made it a center for other settlers. Richard Connor located upon what is known as the Wells Farm, now owned by Messrs. Campbell and Sackett. The Moravian mission was located on the opposite side of the river, near the present residence of Mr. Henry Harrington. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. This spot had evidently been the site of an ancient Indian village. A few- years afterwards, in sinking a cellar for a dwelling there, the excavators exhumed a large number of bones, the remains of the dead buried there. After^ the establishment of this settlement at Frederick, and before the departure of the missionaries in the spring of 1874, Mr. William moved with his family into the county and located a home at about the spot where Mr. Charles Tucker now resides. Of these two first American settlers we naturally love to in- quire. From whence they came, and why, would be subjects of interest had their lives been even those of quiet, ordinary vanguards of civilization in peaceful times." THE GERMAN IMMIGRATION OP 1845. The extensive German immigration of 1845 brought to Michigan a number of Franconians and Bavarians, who felt tliemselves oppressed at home. Those under the advice of Pastor Loche resolved to emigrate to the United States, there to follow the profession of the Lutheran creed, and to essay the conversion of the Indians. Within a few years the first colony of fifteen, succeeding in attracting five times that number to our land, and of the second and third bodies of immi- grants a few settled in Macomb County, the greater number locating in Saginaw. The immigration of 1849, the result of an attempt made by the people to cast away the tyrant, marked the history of that year. The Revolutionists sought refuge in tlie United States, not a few of them finding a home of liberty in this county. The German immigration of later days brought us Pomeranians and Mecklenburghers, Belgians and Hollanders. CHAPTER XIV. PIONEER HISTORY. A period of time bordering on a century has passed away since the American pioneer first appeared in this county. Those years have been pregnant with changes — social, political, even physical change. The visitor of to-day, ignorant of the past history of Macomb, could scarcely realize the fact, that within ninety- seven years, a population, approximating 35,000 grew up, where, toward the close of the Eighteenth Century, a few bands of aborigines, with a few French and American trappers, hunters and fishermen existed. The population has not onlj' grown to its present number, but also in wealth, refinement and all these char- acteristics, which mark the older counties, of tlie Eastern States. Schools, churches, palatial dwellings, extensive marts, busy mills, cultivated fields now occupy the HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. village sites and hunting grounds of the Otchipwes ; while p people endowed with tlie highest faculties occupy the domain of the Otchipwes themselves. There are but few left of the old landmarks, still a smaller number of the old settlers. Civilization and its demands have conspired to raze almost every monument of the red man — to obliterate almost every trace of his occupancy ; while on the other liand Old Time placed his heavy hand upon many of the pioneers, driving them, as it were, awa}^ from the old homestead to the promised land beyond the grave. Previous to 1781 the white inliabitants were all Frenchmen or French Canadians and the numerous French trappers and hunters who made the banks of the North- ern Huron their headquarters. During the year 1781 the first American settler set •his foot upon the soil, and built for himself the rude hut, which was the model of pioneer dwellings in the State. The treaty which conveyed the land in tlie neigh- borhood of Detroit to the National Government drew attention to this portion of the ceded Indian territory, and attracted a few more settlers. Tlie fur traders intro- duced themselves, found a land teeming with milk and honey, and settled in it, so far as such men settle, while yet all Michigan, save that portion of the peninsula around Detroit, was a wilderness. Succeeding tliem a stream of Americans I^oured in, and in the course of a dozen years, it was found that many of the Amer- icans who came as visitors, located here, and built their homes in the beautiful wilderness. It is not strange that among the pioneers and old settlers of a county, a deep- seated and sincere friendship should spring up, to grow and strengthen with their advancing years. The incidents peculiar to life in a new country, the trials and hardsliips, privations and destitutions, are well calculated to test, not only the physical powers of endurance, but also the moral, kindly, generous attributes of true manhood and womanhood. Then are the times which try men's souls, and bring to the surface all that may be in them of good or evil. As a rule, there is an equality of conditions that can not recognize distinction of class — all occupy a com- mon level, and as a consequence a fraternal feeling grows into existence that is as lasting as the lives of the old settlers, and, in a great number of instances, as the lives of their children. In such a community there is a hospitality, a kindness, a benevolence, and high above all, a charity, unknown and unpracticed among the older, richer, and more densely populated settlements, just in the same manner, perhaps, as there was a higher faith animating the early Christians, than that which marks the Christian people of the present day. The very nature of the surroundings of those pioneers taught them to feel each other's woe — to share in each other's joy, and live in com- munal integrity. An injury or a wrong may be ignored with profit to the evil-doer and his victim ; but a kind, generous, charitable act is never to be forgotten — the ^ 4 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. memory of old associations and kind acts must for ever remain green. Raven locks may bleach in the summer sun, and whiten through the cold of winter; round cheeks may become sunken and hollow ; the fire of intellect may fade from the eye ; the brow may become wrinkled with care and age, and the erect form may bow under tlie weight of accumulated years ; but the true friends of long ago must be remembered so long as memory itself lives. As a general rule the men and women who first settled this land were bold, fearless, self-reliant and industrious. In these respects no matter from what part of the world those old settlers came, there was a similarity of character. In birth, educa- tion, language and religion there were differences; but such differences did not interfere with harmony; in fact, they soon vanished, became lost by association, and a common interest united all. In pioneer life there are always incidents of peculiar interest, not only to the pioneers themselves, but also to posterity. It is a matter much to be regretted that the old settlers of Macomb did not begin at an earlier date to organize tliemselves into an association, for even tlie record of reminiscences related at tlie meetings of such an association liave a direct bearing upon history, and serve to add to tlie literature of the Republic's first century the history of every community. Aside from the liistoric importance of such re-unions, they serve to enliven and cement old friendsliips, and renew old memories that might liave been interrupted by the innovations of progress. It is well that even now they have realized the import- ance of organization. SOCIETY OF 1871. At a meeting of pioneers held at Romeo Hall, Sept. 5, 1871, to organize a pioneer society, William F. Abbott was elected chairman, and Aaron B. Rawles, secretary. On motion of A. E. Leete, a resolution was adopted to form the Romeo Historical Society. A committee of five was appointed to draft a Constitution and By-Laws, as follows : Albert E. Leete, Dexter Mussey, C. Bearing, H. O. Ladd and J. E. Day. This committee reported a series of six articles for the govern- ment of the society, which report was adopted. The meeting then proceeded to elect officers, with the following result: President, Albert E. Leete ; Vice-Presi- dent, John E. Day; Secretary and Treasurer, William F. Abbott; Historian, Horatio O. Ladd. This society continued in existence for some time, but ultimately ceased to exist. ORGANIZATION OF THE COUNTY PIONEERS. At tlie earnest request of many citizens of Macomb County, anxious to collect incidents and biographical sketches of early settlements and settlers, and place on record some of the early history of the county, a meeting was called at Washington Village, March 22, 1881. Owing to the severity of the weather and condition of HISTORY OF MACOMR COUNTY. the roads, the pioneer element was not so largely represented as it would otherwise have l)een. The meeting was called to order b}^ W. A. Wales, when Mr. Wales was elected chairman and Stephen B. Cannon, secretai-y. Pi-ayer was offered by Rev. John Cannon. Loren Andrus, H. Rose, Rev. John C!annon, Calvin G. White, Thomas Brabb, H. N. Miller, Niles Giddings. C. M. Bates, addressed the people on the subject of organization. This meeting was entirely favorable to the enterprise, a committee of three was appointed to draft a Constitution and set of By-Laws. A committee was named to recommend names of persons for permanent officers of the society, another committee ou music, and still another to arrange for a future meeting of the jiioneers. Committee No. 1 was comnosed of Stephen B. Cannon, Loren Andrus and N. H. Miller. No. 2 comin-ised N. H. Miller, Allen Pearsall and Timotliy Lockwood. No. 3 was represented by Byron Norton. No. 4, by Loi-en Andrus, Stephen B. Cannon, Mrs. Loren Andrus, Mrs. Thomas Brabb and Mrs. William A. Stone. Loren Andrus moved that the Rev. Edward Davis be requested to deliver the inaugural address before the first regular meeting of the association. THE FIEST REGULAR MEETING Was held May 26, 1881. The Committee on Constitution and By-Laws reported, which report was accepted on motion made by John E. Day. The Committee on Permanent Officers was directed to reconsider report, which order was followed by the recommendation of Chauncey G. Cady for president ; Williard A. Wales, treasurer, and John E. Day, secretary. The following-named gentlemen were appointed Vice-Presidents : O. G. Burgess, Richmond ; Hiram Barrows, Armada ; Dexter Mussey, Bruce ; Jolni A. Tinsman, Washington ; Zelotis Stone, Ray ; John Dryer, Lenox; C. H ,oker, Chesterfield; Horace H. Cady, Macomb; John Keeler, Shelby ; Charles Hutchins, Stirling ; Edgar Weeks, Clinton ; William Tuckei', Harrison ; John Cumings, Erin ; John Beebe, Warren. At this meeting over 400 persons were present; the History of Washtenaiv County^ introduced and edited by M. A. Leeson, was presented by Mr. Lorenzo Davis, son of Rev. J. E. Davis, of Macoinb County, a representative citizen of Washtenaw. > An executive committee, composed of Stephen B. Cannon,"Martin ■Buzzell, and Perry M. Bentley, was elected. C. Harlow Green read a paper on tiie early schools, of the churches and pastors of Macomb County. The Secretary, John E. Day, spoke in support of Rev. Mr. Davis' paper, and on the importance of securing not only a history of events connected with the HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. county, but also a biographical sketch of each of the old settlers. His remarks were fully concurred in. The address of welcome delivered by the centenarian, Rev. J. E. Davis, of Macomb Township, was a remarkably able paper, very full and instructive, and one which was received most enthusiastically by tlie people. The second meeting of the society was held at Gray's Opera House, Romeo, September 7, 1881. This reunion was one of the most important ever held by the pioneers of any county in the Union, made so by the historic excellence of the dis- courses delivered. Dexter Mussey spoke on the local history of Romeo, Judge .James B. Eldridge on the organization in Macomb County. J. E. Day read Nathaniel Carter's paper on his settlement in the County. Mr. Day also read a poem by James Lawson, the writer being then at Point St. Ignace, engaged in the examination of public lands. Tiie first temperance movement in the county was ably treated by the secretary ; while S. H. Ewell dealt with tlie first election, on the Temperance Ticket, held at Romeo. The president, C. G. Cady, H. A. Cady, Elisha Calkins, Oran Freeman, Thos. Stalker, and Josejah Chubb were among the speakers and story-tellers. The third reunion of the society was held within the Congregational Ciiurch, Armada Village, December 28, 1881. C. G. Cady presided with John E. Day, secretary. This, the writer is inclined to think, was one of the most agreeable reunions ever participated in. It was organized at the instance of the secretary and was complete in every particular — social and literary. Rev. H. N. Bissell delivered a discourse on the early History of Macomb. The young ladies, who added so mxich to the success of the meeting, were partially rewarded by witnessing the excitement, which one of their practical jokes drew forth. They helped the old ' people to tea, cream and salt — they enjoyed the luxury of doing good, and were particularly amused to witness the wry faces which their senior friends assumed when the joke was discovered. A paper was read by Perrin C. Goodell, on Earlij Times in Armada. Messrs. Ewell and Davis, accompanied on the organ by Miss Owen, rendered the song — Tlie Old Musician and his Havp, very effectively. Mr. H. O. Brown, representing the writer of the County History, laid before the meeting a plan of the proposed history. His address was well received. L. D. Owen read a paper on early times in Shelby; the president recited a number of his experiences of early settlement. Edgar Weeks dealt with the history of the Press of Macomb County; Oran Free- man related a few unvarnished tales ; an historical committee was appointed to aid the general historian in the correction or revision of the general history, and a vote of thanks passed to the people of Armada, as well as to the genial pres- ident. 224 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. CHAETEB MEMBERS. Chauncey G. Cady, born in Ofcsego County, N. Y., August 20, 1803, settled in Clinton Township, at Mount Clemens, October 20, 1820, elected president of the Macomb County Pioneer Association in 1881. M. I. Cady, born in Onondaga County, N. Y., December 19, 1820. Moved to Oakland, and located in Warren Township, Macomb Co., in 1832. John E. Day, son of Erastus Day, Jr., was born in Armada Township, January 11, 1838, is now a resident of Richmond Township, and secretary of the Pioneer Society of Macomb County. John Cannon, born at Salem, Mass., September 21, 1808, moved to Saratoga, N. Y., thence to Washtenaw Co., Mich., and in 1831, located on Section 3, Shelby Township, where he has been minister of the Christian Church since 1831. Calvin G. White, born at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., July 10, 1803, moved to West- ern New York in 1817, and to Armada Township, May 16, 1831. S. H. Davis and his wife, S. M. Davis, born in Genesee County, N. Y., Septembei' 13, 1813, settled in Washington Township at Romeo, June 15, 1813. Robert Warner. See biographical sketch. Arad Freeman was. born at Pompey, N. Y., February 28, 1815, moved to On- tario County, N. Y., and thence to Ray Township, Macomb County, June 3, 1824. Peter J. Lerich, born in Warren County, N. J., May 20, 1810, settled in Shelby, May 29, 1835. Sarah F. Lerich was born in Warren County, N. J., December, 4, 1817, settled in Shelby, May 29, 1835. John Gass was born in Green County, N. Y., 1808, moved to Ray Township in 1830, where he settled on Section 29. Samuel H. Ewell, born at Romeo, now Middlebury, Genesee Co., N. Y., January 3, 1819, moved to Bruce Township, May 28, 1836. Martin Buzzell, born in Canada East, May 16, moved to Western New York in 1817, and to Bruce Township, July 1831. Julia A. Buzzell, born in Canada, November 11, 1824, moved to Washington TownshiiJ, October 6, 1844. Stephen B. Cannon, born in Washtenaw County, Mich., September 30, 1832, settled in Washington Township, Macomb County, January, 1834. Hiram W. Miller, was born at Hampton, Washington Co., N. J., November 26, 1814, moved to Genesee County, N. Y., and thence to Washington Township, this County, June, 1822. E. D. Hamblin, was born at Windsor, Vt., January 16, 1809 ; moved to Mon- roe County, N. Y., and thence to Macomb County, Mich., June 1, 1826. lliu HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. MEMBERS ENROLLED SINCE ORGANIZATION. O. D. Thompson, born at Wellport, N. Y., December 23, 1835; settled at Romeo, November, 1858. Principal of Romeo Higli School. William L. Dicken, born in Ray Township, Macomb County, October 8, 1833, County Clerk, January 1, 1879. Charles Tackles, born in Macomb County, November '22, 1827. Elected County Treasurer, and entered on duties of that office, January 1, 1879. Joseph Chubb, born at Pittsford, Monroe Co., N. Y., April 5, 1822, moved into Ray Township, Macomb County, May, 1825, was admitted an Attorney-at-Law in 1862 by the Washtenaw Circuit Court. Henry Connor, born in Macomb County, October 25, 1818, grandson of the pioneer, Richard O'Connor. He has been proprietor of the hotel at Mount Clemens for the last thirtj'-five years. James B. Eldridge, born in Macomb County, November 25, 1836 ; elected Judge of Probate in 1876, and entered on duties of that office, January 1, 1877. Robert J. Crawford, born in Macomb County, September 1, 1858. Calvin Davis, born in Macomb County, July 27, 1832. George A. Waterbury, born at St. Clair, St. Clair County, August 11, 1847 ; moved to Sanilac in 1848; to Romeo, Jidy, 1873, now proprietor and editor of the Romeo Observer, and possessor of a fine collection of antiquities and minerals. Erastus Day, born iu Otsego County, N. Y., October 15, 1808 ; moved into Canada, 1812, and to Lima, N. Y., in 1824; thence to Bruce Township, Macomb County, December, 182G. He was for fifty years a captain of State Militia, and is a survivor of the Toledo War. jV rs. Betsey Day was born at Burlington, Otsego Co., N. Y., October 17, 1813''; moved to Chautauqua County, N. Y., in 1816, to Erie County, Pa., in 1826, and thence to Macomb County, Mich., iu 1835. This lady was the pioneer school teacher of Armada Township. Julia Seeley, born in Lindon Township, Vt., January 11, 1808; moved to Oneida County, N. Y., thence to Onondaga, thence to Niagara and lastly to Michigan, in 1831. She is the daughter of Joseph Thurston. William Inwood, born at Dunkinfield, Southampton, England, February 28, 1791. Came to Washington Township, Macomb County, May 22, 1837. Dexter Mussey, born at Worcester, Mass., January 12, 1811 ; moved to Lowell, Mass., in 1832, and to Romeo, Mich., in 1837. He was speaker of the House of Representatives. Grace N. Owen, born in Genesee County, N. Y., November 12, 1824 ; moved to Shelby Township, June 18, 1825. Charles Andrews, born at Putney, Vt, August 28, 1820; moved to West 15 V ■+• HISTORY OF :\1AC0M1! COUNTY. Bloomfield in 1829, to Mindon, N. Y., in 1830, to Pittsford, N. Y., in 1832, to Armada in 1840. State Senator from 1828 to 1870. Horace H. Cady, born at Hadley, Windham Co., Conn., February 20, 1801, moved to Batavia, Genesee Co., N. Y., and thence to Mount Clemens, May 24, 1821. Mr. Cady hiis been a member of the Legislature for many years; Deliverance S. Priest, boi'n at Bennington, Vt., August 7, 1814, moved to Western New York in 1819, thence to Ray Township, Macomb County, in 1838. John N. Selliek, born at Middlebury, Wyoming Co., N. Y., February 17, 1808 ; moved to Avon, Livingstone Co., in 1814, and thence to Romeo, Midi., i.i March, 1837. J. W. AUor, born in Jefferson County, N. Y., Aug. 19, 1837, came to Chester- field, Macomb Co., October 23, 1852. Oran Freeman was born in Onondago County, N. Y., June 14, 1818 ; moved to Ontario, N. Y., and thence to Ray Township, June 1, 1824. George W. Garvin was born in Washington Township, Macomb County, August 26, 1835, now a resident of Ray Townsliip. George W. Gass, born in Green County, N. Y., May 1, 1813, came to Ray Township, October 3, 1836. Ljdia Bailey, born at Romeo in 1834, daughter of Asahel Bailey, still resides at Romeo. Luthe'' Procter was born at Armada in 1830. Mrs. Luther Procter, daughter of A. W. Stirling, was born at Romeo in 1836. Nathaniel Carter, born at Leominster, Mass., February 20, 1806 ; settled in Armada Township, September 10, 1831. Edmund Gould, born in Onondaga County, N. Y., June 14, 1817; moved to Ontario County, N. Y., and thence to Bruce Township, June 1, 1823. Wilson Cronk, born in Rensselaer County, N. Y., March 22, 1822 ; moved to Otsego County, thence to Monroe County, N. Y., and lastly to Ray Township, December 20, 1854. Julia A. Cronk was born in Erie County, N. Y., January 23, 1828 ; moved thence to Cattaraugus County, N. Y., and again to Ray, February 21, 1855. Philip Cudworth was born at Richmond, Ontario Co., N. Y., March 30, 1811 ; located on Section 33 of Armada, October, 1835. Stephen H. Fitch,, born in Columbia County. N. Y., July 17, 1807, moved to Ontario County, N. Y., in 1824 ; thence to Cattaraugus County, 1828, and to Romeo, May 2, 1831. Mrs. Phcebe Waterman, daughter of Mr. Stroup, was born in Seneca County, N. Y., April 27, 1815 ; removed to Yates County, N. Y., and thence to Ray, Macomb Co., Mich., in May, 1827. [^s -14* HISTORY OF MACOilB COUNTY. Mrs. Chloe Steward, wife of N. Carter, born in Vermont, April 13, 1815, moved to New York State, and thence to Ray, in 1B29. Mrs. Joseph Crissman, formerly Miss Elizabeth Snover, was born in Warren County, N. J., July, 1806, came to Bokland June 1, 1832. Wallace Westbrook, born in Sussex County, N. Y., April 16, 1824, moved to Ontario County, N. Y., thence to Bruce Township, October 15, 1848. Daniel Miller, born in Madison County, N. Y., February 18, 1798, moved to Genesee County, thence to Washington Township, 1822. He was a soldier of the War of 1812-14. Jesse Bishop, born at Richmond, N. Y., May 24, 1303, moved to Monroe County, N. Y., and came to Bruce Township, Macomb Co., August 14, 1831. Ebenezer Brooks, born at Putney, Vt., January 15, 1809 ; moved into Massa- chusetts in 1818, thence to Lenox, Macomb County, April, 1834. Mrs. C. D. Brooks settled here with her husband. Josiah T. Robinson, born in Otsego County, N. Y., January 2, 1807 ; moved into Onondaga County, thence to Monroe, next to Orleans County, and lastly settled in Clinton Township, May 18, 1831. Major Webster, born in Monroe County, N. Y., August 29, 1801, moved to Ray Township, June 1, 1826. Michael Bowmann was born in New York State in 1786. Edmund L. Goff was born in Monroe County, N. Y., January 6, 1817 ; came to Washington, December 20, 1838. Lucy Goff was born in Oakland County, N. Y., May 8, 1823; came to Shelby, Macomb Co., March, 1830. G. W. Phillips, was born at Lima, Livingston Co., N. Y., July 17, 1829, came to Armada, August, 1831. He has been president of the State Board of Agricul- ture from 1870 to 1872 ; member of the Board for twelve years, and president of the M. Co. Ag. Society for eight years. H. T. Bancroft, born in Niagara County, N. Y., April 8, 1827, moved to Armada, Mich., July 14, 1839. L. D. Owen, born in Genesee County, N. Y., August 16, 1815 ; came to Shelby, July 3, 1825. Mrs. G. W. Phillips, born at Romeo, December 6, 1828, daughter of A. W. Sterling. Daniel Flagler, born at Albany, N. Y., May 14, 1814, moved into Richmond Township, Macomb County, October, 1836. Alex. H. Shelp, born in Orange County, N. Y., January 8, 1820 ; settled at Mount Clemens, October 17, 1843, and at Romeo, August 17, 1846. G. H. Cannon, was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., December 30, 1826, moved HISTORY OF :\IACOMl} COUNTY. to Washtenaw in 1833, and to Bruce Township in 1835. Mr. Cannon has been engaged in the Public Land Survey sevice since 1849. He has contributed not a little to the geological and archteological history of this State. Amos Finch, born in Macomb County, July 10, 1836. Native. E. F. Siblej', born at Brighton, N. Y., November 29, 1827; settled in Armada Township, October, 1835. Hiram Barrows, born at Wyoming, N. Y., in 1824 ; moved westward to Wis- consin in 1842 ; came to Michigan five years later, and settled in Ray Township in May, 1847. Mr. Barrows has served the Union in the War of 1861-5. Mrs. Anna A. Pettibone, born in Wyoming County, N. Y. ; came to Michigan witli her husband in 1845. Mrs. Pierce, formerly May Lvisk, was born iu Monroe Count3s N. Y., January 10, 1810 ; came to Washington Township, July 3, 1848. Mrs. Geo. (Simmons) Carter, Rev. Thomas Stalker, Elisha Calkins, and J. L. Starkweather, are among the members of the Society. Anna Finch (Smith) born in Richmond Township, September 24, 1846, removed to Shiawassee County in 1861, returned to Armada in 1867. Native. Nathan Hurd was born in Canada, August 7, 1825 ; settled in Macomb County in 1834. Mrs. H. N. Bissell (Elizabeth Hubbard), was born at Bolton, Conn., February 25, 1820, and moved to Mount Clemens in 1854. Rev. H. N. Bissell, born at East Wiusor, Conn., June 2, 1816, moved to Milan, Ohio in 1835, and to Macomb County in 1854. Perrin C. Goodeli, born in Monroe County, N. Y., July 2, 1817, settled iu Armada Township, May 17, 1831. H. N. Richards, hovn at Wethersfield, N. Y., January 2, 1820, settled in Lenox Townslup, November 15, 1842. G. H. Stuart, born at West Bloomfield, N. Y., October 20, 1813, settled in Richmond Township, in May, 1842. Setli Davis, born in Richmond Township, July 13, 1840, moved into Armada Township in 1873. John E. Barringer, born in Ontario County, N. Y., July 16, 1841, settled in Armada Township, November 4, 1862. S3'rena (Smith) Flagler, is one of the old settlers of the county, and a member of tlie Society. W. G. Anderson, born in Otsego County, N. Y., May 22, 1817, moved to Mazara County in 1821, and thence to Macomb County, May 22, 1831. William E. Preston, born at Eastford, Conn., June 20, 1822, moved to Chau- tauqua County in 1854, and to Macomb County in 1865. r '-^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Lavinia E. P. Preston (Leonard), was born at Woodstock, Conn., June 19, 1824, moved eastward in 1846, and to Armada in 1865. James Flower, born in Delaware County, N. Y., October 18, 1810, moved to Genesee County, N. Y., in 1828, to Washtenaw County, Mich., in 1832, and to Armada Townshij) in 1835. Josejih Weller, born in Chesterfield Townshij), July 4, 1831. Native. Newman Freeman was born in Washington Township, April 27, 1832; settled in Armada Township in 1844. Native. Mary Freeman (Frost) was born in Armada Township, July 28, 1839. Native. Sajlie A. Aldricli (Finch) was born at Richmond, Ontario Co., N. Y., June 9, 1818, settled at Armada in 1828. James Banister, born at Gainesville, Wyoming Co., N. Y., March 27, 1827, moved to Ontario County, N. Y., thence to Armada, June, 1855. Charlotte Day (Smith), born at Aurelius, Cayuga Co., N. Y., March 27, 1827, moved to Ontario County, N. Y., and thence to Armada, 1855. Jane (Butterfield) Pomeroy, Linott Butterfield, Mary E. (Corbin) Sibley, Charles A. Lathrop, Rachel A. (Young) Lathrop, and Mrs. A. C. Bennett, are among the members of the Society. W. D. Pettibone, born in Wyoming County, N. Y., July 24, 1834, settled in Michigan, at Armada, July 4, 1845. John Hicks, born at Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y., October 15, 1803, settled in Richmond Township, October 16, 1836. Bert C. Preston was born in Armada Township, January 2, 1 859. Native. Elisha D. Lathrop was born in Armada Township, December 25, 1839. Native. Caleb Miller was born in Orleans County, N. Y., October 21, 1814. Geo. N. Carter born in Armada Township, Macomb County, March 1, 1834. S. H. Corbyn, of Plainfield, Mich., an old settler of the county, was admitted a member of the Society. PIONEER REMINISCENCES. In the following pages extracts from the records, belonging to the Pioneer Association, are given, together with iriany stories, characteristic of pioneer life, collected from otlier sources. Tiie sketches of the O'Connor, or Connor, and the Tucker families are taken from papers on the early history of the county by Judge Eldredge. THE O'CONNOR FAMILY. About the year 1744, during an out-break in Ireland, when the times were turbulent there, and the beauties of the new world were somewhat known to the people of that country, two young Irishmen, some sixteen or eighteen 3'ears old, brothers, secretly boarded a vessel about leaving one of the ports for America, and ^ M\ HISTORY OF JIAC05IB COUNTY. hid themselves among the freight, until the vessel was well at sea. They were named Richard and John O'Connor. Upon their arrival here, or soon after, they separated, and Richard working to the West, finally arrived at the place now called Painesville, Ohio, where by in- dustry and perseverance, he acquired what in those days was considered quite a propert}'. He remained at that point for a number of years, married there, and engaged in the business of trading — mainly with the Indians. The maiden name of the lady he married was Myers. O'Connor had, while doing business with the Indians, learned of the fact that they had a white girl in their tribe as prisoner. He immediately opened negotiations for her purchase, and finally succeeded in acquiring title. He paid in dicker what was then considered as $200. Many in our day would undoubtedly consider this a good bargain, for most of our young men indirectly pay a larger sum than this in divers costly methods of testifying regard. Gifts, treats, balls, and rides, and for a wife that proves to be a burden, instead of a help-meet. Miss Myers, who was thus redeemed from captivity, was taken by the Indians during one of their raids upon the defenceless frontiers of the Colonies. When taken she was about four years old. Her father, when he discovered the approach of' the Indians, hid tlie children and attempted to flee for succor. He was living upon the Monongahela River, in the State of Maryland. He swam the river and as he ascended the opposite bank was shot dead. The Indians, in searching for plun- der, approached so near the secreted cliildren that one of them could not refrain from an exclamation of fear. They were discovered and taken. Two of them were subsequently recaptured fi-om the Indians. The third was kept and brought up by them as a slave, until she was bought from her captors by her future husband. Richard O'Connor with his wife remained at Painesville until some time dur- ing the Revolutionary War, when in one of the many expeditions organized and set on foot by the British against the defenceless out-posts of the Colonies, the whole family were taken prisoners by the Chippewas. The family then consisted of Mr. O'Connor, his wife, and tliree or four children. As to the number of children born before theii' captui'e, there are different accounts. From one of the grandchildren we learn that there were five, John, William, James, Henry, and Susanna. The family were ruthlessly stripped of all property, and were not allowed to retain even a kettle for which Mrs. O'Connor prayed that her captors miglit assign to them. They were compelled to travel on foot, when the Chippewas retreated to their home, which was situated on the Huron of Lake St. Clair (now the Clinton). In this weary march Mr. O'Connor first bore one tlien another of his sons in liis arms, and the mother bore continually upon her back after the manner in which HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the tribe in which she had so long been kept prior to her mai-riage, carried their burdens. It was late in the fall, and the feet of the little ones suffered severely. James, particularly, had his feet cut by the hard frozen ground and for miles marked his foot-steps with blood. He had a wiry, enduring frame, and the manliness he dis- played in the weary tramp, attracted the admiration of one of the Chippewa chiefs, and when the journey's end was reached this chief claimed and took James as his special property. After their arrival here the boys were separated from the family and scattered among the various tribes. Thus it was each one in after years spoke a different dialect of the Indian language. The father, mother, and youngest child if there were but four, were kept together. Soon afterward, within a few years, the Moravians were located by order or advice of the Commandant at Detroit, upon the Huron, at Frederick. Immediately upon their arrival, the family were one by one redeemed. First, Mr. O'Connor, his wife, and youngest child; then the bo3's John, Henry, and William; James was not so soon redeemed. The chief who had adopted him was otherwise childless, and for a time refused to deliver him up, but gave to Mr. O'Connor the privilege of visiting his son at the home of his Indian father, at stated periods. The chief learned to love James very much, and he took particular pride in his manlj' bearing and the vigor he displayed at all times. He was accustomed to dress the then lad in the war-paint and feathers of a young chieftain, and to teach him the various arts in which the Indiaii took pleasure. The boy thus acquired the habits and manners of the youth of his tribe, and learned to love them and the life he then seemed destined to lead. He, to some extent, forgot his past life and its associa- tions, and even learned to despise, and regarded with fear, his own parents. So strong was this feeling with him that upon the announcement that his white father was coming he would flee into the woods and conceal himself in the thickets like a frightened fawn, and would reappear only at the call of his Indian father. When finally his white father did prevail upon the chief to surrender the child lie had to be confined like a prisoner for a number of days to prevent his return to the wilds again. The songs and caresses of the mother aided by the sports of the brothers finally overcame his desire to return to the tent of the chieftain, and Mr. O'Connor again !iad about him his whole family. This was accomplished after the time that the Moravians took their departure from the county. It is claimed that the desire of the mother to remain near her child was one of the main reasons why O'Connor did not accompany the Mission, with which he had become connected. Mr. O'Connor remained upon the spot he liad chosen for a home, on the farm now known as the " Velt's farm" about one and a half miles west of Mt. Clemens. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. He was accustomed to till in his way tlie vai-ious spots along the river, that were left clear, by Nature, or had been cleared by the Indians. One of these spots was known as the " Macoanee Meadows," and afterwards known as the Moe-place. In our former article we abstracted from the paper of the Rev. Mr. Bissel, a portion thereof in which it was asserted that Mr. Richard O'Conner came to tlie county with tlie Moravians Zeisberger-Jungmau and others in 1783. We have gathered tlie facts we have above written from one of the Jescendants of Mr. O'Connor, and do not undertake to determine which version, the Rev. Mr. Bissel's or the one we have given, is the true one, though we incline to accept the family tradition as above set forth, as the more reliable. Mr. Bissel, in speaking further of Mr. O'Connor and his family, says : — " Though we have not the precise date of Mr. O'Connor's arrival, yet he was there with his wife and four sons James, John, William, and Henry, in 1783. De- cember 16 of that year, his youngest child, Susanna, afterwards wife of Elisha Har- rington was born, and was baptized by the Moravian Missionary the 21st. She was, probably, the first child born in this county of parents speaking the English lan- guage. She died in 1848, aged sixty-five years." This Mr. Richard O'Connor was the ancestor of those families who now are known as Connors or Conners. They have Yankeefied their name by dropping the O'. He was undoubtedly the first white man speaking English who attempted the erection of a home within the limits of this county. He died here on the 17th of April, 1808. His life was an eventful one. It may have been a boyish freak that led to his departure for this country from that land which never reared a for- getful son. Often, as he was borne over the ocean, must he naturally have regretted the stej) he had taken. The many trials of his manhood through which he must have passed ere he reached and while he resided in Ohio, could they be faithfully recorded would make an interesting histor)'. The manner in which he commenced his wooing, his sub- sequent capture, the dispersion of his family, his persistent and untiring efforts to rescue his children, his final location so far in the wilderness, away from society and civilization, in fine his whole life is a fitter foundation for a romance than it is for a plain, unvarnished historical article, written solely as this is to rescue from oblivion sometliing of the history of those who first came to this county. THE TXTCKAR FAMILY. During the French war, and about the year 1753, the Chippewas, who inhab- ited this section of the State, became engaged in one of the raids so frequent in those days, upon the settlements in Virginia. They surprised a family of Virginians ensxaaed in harvesting wheat near Stoverstown in that State. The head of the ' ^5 hH. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. family was ruthlessly shot down, and two boys seized as prisoners, and brought to the homes of the tribe. The boys were named Joseph and William Tuckar. Wil- liam was then about eleven years old, Joseph was some years older. These boys were retained as prisoners until near of age, when they, under the influence of the British, were allowed to visit their childhood's home. They had, however, during their captivity, been treated with considerable kindness, and had learned to love the life in the woods. They remained in Virginia but a short time, and returned to the post at Detroit where they entered the employ of traders. They soon en- gaged in the business themselves. They received supplies of goods from the traders at the post, and visited the different abiding places and camps of the Indians, relying mainly for transportation upon the canoe. The elder brother, Joseph Tuckar, it is believed, was lost on one of these trips. He, with a comrade, had gone on a trading expedition to an island in the northern part of Lake Huron, where a tribe of friendly Indians with whom he was acquainted was accustomed to dwell. The tribe was abseut on a hunting expedi- tion to the mainland, and remained away a number of weeks. Upon returning they found in one of the cabins the goods which formed the supplies of the traders, and the full equipage thereof. Sometime afterward they found upon another island a short distance off, the bleached remains of two whites, one of which they recognized as Joseph Tuckar by a peculiar, large brooch he was accustomed to wear. It was presumed that having arrived in the camp of the tribe they sought to visit, and finding the Indians absent, they haol with their boat alone, gone to the neighboring island in search of the tribe, and that the boat had, while the traders were searching the island, floated off and left them no means of escape. They had evidently starved, which is the report of the tribe, as given to William Tuckar, and so friendly were these Indians to Joseph and bis brother there is little reason to disbelieve it. The outbreak of Pontiac's conspiracy in 1763 found the younger brother, William Tuckar, in the employ of the English commandant. Major Gladwin, at Detroit. To William Tuckar alone, was the garrison at that place indebted for the dis- covery of Pontiac's intentions, and the consequent saving of the post. The tribe by which he had for years been held a captive, was engaged in the enterprise of which the famous Indian chieftain was the leader. He had, according to Indian custom, been adopted into one of the leading families of the tribe, and to the younger members thereof was like a brother. He was intending to go upon a hunting expedition from the fort for a few days, and on the day before the out- break, was visiting the family in which he had been kept during his captivity, who were tented upon this side of the river, and but a short distance from the fort. While there he made known his intentions as to the sporting trip he was about to HISTORY OF JIACOMB COUNTY. take, and solicited the company of one of his young Indian brothers. This was re- fused. He also, while there, made known to the family that early in the morn he was going to the general camp of the Indians across the river to get some moccasins that were being made for him by a squaw famous for her skill in that line. As he left the camp to go to the fort, his Indian sister secretly followed him beyond hearing of her family, and with anxious countenance, besought him not to go across the river, but to start at once upon his hunting trip, and she tendered to liim some moccasins she had made, in order to enable him to go prepai"ed, witliout visiting the other side of the river. William's perfect knowledge of the Indian character at once suggested to him that there was some terrible reason for her anxiety, and he besought her to make it known. Her sisterly affection for him finally prompted her to disclose to him fully what she had learned as to the intent of Pontiac. The position of her family had enabled her to become conversant with all the details of the plan so soon to be executed upon the devoted garrison. Mr. Tuckar immediately returned to the fort and informed the commandant of the post of what he had learned. Measures were taken to defeat the nefarious designs of the wily chief. The success of these measures, and the overthrow of Pontiac, are matters of general history, and pertain not particularly to that of this county. It is more than probable that the facts here set forth as to William Tuckar's discovery of the plot of Pontiac, are the only foundation for the romantic statement as to the Indian girl, Catherine, betraying her tribe out of simple admiration for Major Gladwin, who had been but a short time at the post, and even could not speak the Indian language, that have generally been accepted as history. So prone are imaginative historians to accredit tlie performance of any notable deed solely to persons in high life, that one does not wonder at the ease with which the facts connected with Tuckar's discovery of the plot, have been woven into quite a romance, of which Gladwin is the pretended hero. William Tuckar was the first person about the garrison who learned of the deep-laid scheme of Pontiac. He alone conveyed the intelligence to Major Gladwin. Both Lanman and Sheldon, in their histories of the State mention Mr. Tuckar as a soldier in the garrison, and accredit him with having been apprised as above stated, of the conspiracy; but for the sake of ornamental romance, it is claimed that Gladwin was also on the same day apprised by his dusky, smoky sweetheart to the same effect. During the struggle of the garrison to save themselves from destruction, Mr. Tuckar, although reall}' a non-combatant, did the duty of a soldier, and for sixty days and nights, was almost steadily on guard. During that time his gun was out HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. of his hands but for a moment at a time. Fully aware of the nature of the enemas he, of all the garrison, best knew the necessitj' of constant watchfulness. After the overthrow of Pontiac and the restoration of comparative peace, Mr. Tuckar returned to Virgijiia, and married at Stover's Town, August 8, 1773, Catherine Hezel. After his marriage he returned to Detroit, and lived there until the Revolutionary war commenced. During that struggle he was employed as an interpreter by the English officers in their intercourse with the Indians. He de- clined to take the position of a combatant on their side in the struggle. His ability to speak the Indian language of the various tribes made his services of impor- tance. Prior to the commencement of the struggle upon the part of the colonies for Independence, Tuckar had been chiefly engaged in trading expeditions among the Indians, at times acting simplj' as interpreter for other traders. In all his intercourse with the Indians he acted the part of an honest, upright man. This, together with the fact that he was by reason of his importance as an interpretor of many Indian dialects, enabled him to exercise large influence. He never hesitated to use this in many cases of attempted frauds upon those with whom he had spent his earlier years. He came to be justly regarded as an especial friend of the savage. As a reward for his kindness the chiefs of the Chippewas on the 22d of September, A. D. 1780, acting for their whole tribe, executed to him a deed in the name of their people, of a large tract of land nearly all lying between the River Huron, of Lake St. Clair, and the Riviere Aux Vase, extending back from the lake some sixty miles. This deed is written upon parchment, in beauti- ful handwriting, and was drawn by one T. Williams at Detroit, who certifies there- on, as a Justice of the Peace, that the several chiefs whose names are attached to said deed, did make the characters purporting to be made by them, and that the same was their free act and deed. The chiefs signed it by drawing in ink, their respective "totems," one being a turtle, another a crow, and the others similar symbols, and is now in possession of the Tuckar family. Not being signed by the British Governor of Canada, it was not regarded as any proof of title by the United States upon their assuming control of the countrJ^ and Mr. Tuckar was thus left in the same position as the French settlers upon the lake and Mr. Richard Connor, entirely dependent upon the liber- alitj' of the new Republic. Mr. Tuckar had procured the execution of the deed by the Indians, for the purpose of making him a permanent home, a sufficient distance from the growing settlements to allow him to pass his life in the enjoyment of those pursuits so con- genial to him, and to leave hunting, trapping and fur-trading undisturbed by the bustle of life in populated communities, and yet sufficiently near a post of import- r, ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. iiiice to give his home the position of comparative security from distant marautling tribes. During his cai:)tivity he had undoubtedly admired the great beauty of the country lying upon the Huron. In a state of nature but few sections of the country jiresented greater attractions to such a man. The fertility of the soil, the great al)undance of game, the loveliness of the situation, its great rural beauty were suffi- cient attractions. But added to this the spot he had determined to locate npon was a favorite one with the Indians, almost steadily it was their camping ground. On and near that spot their traditions told them, many sanguinary battles between the Chippewas and their enemies had been fought, years before the eye of the white men had seen the country of the great lakes. Mr. Tuckar partook somewhat of this veneration and love for the spot, and when at the establishment of peace between the United States and the British Gov- ernment, the growth of his family demandetl the establishment of a fixed home, he immediately prepared to remove them. He arrived with his family in the spring of 1784, and selected as a site for his dwelling a spot but little distance from what was evidently an old Indian fort used in the days of the struggle for possession of tliis country between the Chippeways and the Sauks. The remains of this fort as they appeared at his arrival consisted of an embank- ment and corresponding ditch on the outside, sweeping from the bank of the stream around about one and a half or two acres of ground, to the bank again, making nearly a complete circle. The opening being directly at the river bank. Outside of this were the evidences that the soil had been cultivated and that the Indian had for a time raised his maize there. Within it were found many bits of broken pot- tery of a peculiar character. There were other similar remains of what must have been rude forts on the bank of the Huron on the lands subsequently and even to this day owned by the descendants of William Tuckar. CHRISTIAN CLEMENS. Christian Clemens, the pioneer settler of Mt. Clemens, was born in Montgom- ery or Bucks County, Pa., Jan. 30, 1768. He resided on the Pennsylvanian homestead until twenty-seven years old, the while giving his entire attention to agriculture. In 1795 he came to Detroit, where he engaged in the manufacture of leather. Within a short time after his arrival he bought a tract of land on the Rouge River, and laid down those precedents which were so extensively followed by those who came after him to settle in the wilderness. Mr. Clemens made his home at Detroit until 1798, when he removed to the Huron River or Clinton. Here he purchased a tract of land ; the same referred to in the chapter on the French pioneers. The first dwelling house was built by him on, or close by, the HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. site of the present red brick store of Miller, the shoemaker, on Front street. Subsequently he built a distillery on the bank of tlie river, below the present flouring mill, on the soutli bank, just below the new iron bridge ; also a still-house just east of the Fleumer Mill. He built a dwelling-house on the site of George M. Crocker's present residence. He carried on a trading store here at an early day, and founded the village of Mt. Clemens u\ 1818. He has held the positions of Militia Colonel, Chief -Justice of County Court, Judge of Probate, etc. The relation which Judge Clemens bore to Macomb County, and more particularly to Mt. Clemens, was so intimate, that his name must necessarily be closel}^ associated with the general historj' of the county. No matter what chapter we take up, his name is found therein, and for this reason we are inclined to refer the reader to the general history, so that the part taken by the judge in building up the county may be truly estimated. His death occurred at Mt. Clemens, Aug. 25, 1844; his funeral was truly a representative one. CHRISTIAN CLEMENS IN A BRITISH DUNGEON. Wherever the British flag floated, there was the prison for the people — not for the criminals. Immediately after the suri-ender of Hull, Christian Clemens, then a leading man in the territory, was captured by the British, carried to Detroit, and confined within the old fort as a political prisoner, just as the British of to-day are doing beyond the Atlantic, and would do here had not their power been crushed forever, at least on this continent. His captivity continued until the very day before the American soldiers re-captured the position. It must be con- ceded, however, that this pioneer of Macomb was not subjected to extreme harsh treatment. During the last few days of liis captivity, he was allowed to ramble round within the stockade, under the surveillance of Lieuts. Clemens and Watson, two officers of the garrison. A friendship sprung up between Lieut. Clemens and his prisoner, and the former often accompanied the judge on short visits to his family, then living near the fort. It was a common thing for the judge to scale the stockade, and make a visit to his wife and children, with whom he would pass away the evening, and return at a given hour to his quarters within the fort. For some time this procedure was followed by the pioneer of Mt. Clemens unknown to his jailors. At length the prisoner was reported missing, and a detachment ordered out to search for him. The officer in charge of the troops found the judge at his house, quietly smoking his pipe, and enjoying the society of liis family. The soldiers seized him, and hurried him back to the fort, without afford- ing him any time to snatch his cap, but instead of placing him in his old quarters, they cast him into the old jail, which then occupied a site across the present Jefferson Avenue from the Michigan Exchange. Here he was rigorously confined HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. and subjected to many hardships, until released on parole, the day before Ameri- can courage and honor were avenged, and Hull's true character exposed. After tlie pursuit and complete defeat of the British and Indians on the Thames River in Canada, Oct. 5, 1813, Lieuts. Clemens and Watson were found among the prisoners, and brought back to Detroit. Finding themselves near the home of their former prisoner, they asked permission to visit him, which request the American General granted, and the two jailers were sooil within the hospitable home, among tiie welcome guests of Judge Clemens. During Mr. Clemens' imprisonment under the British, Maj. Muir, the com- mandant, compelled him to supply himself with food, to be his own cook, and pay even for other necessaries of life, which even the Indians were accustomed to give to their captives gratis. How different was the treatment of prisoners by the United States authorities, soldiers, and citizens, may be realized from the greeting wWch awaited the former warders of Judge Clemens after they fell into the hands of the Americans. DISTINGUISHED VISITANT. The datices were given at the house of Judge Clemens or at the Cady House. In fact tlie dancers made a home in every house. Gen. Cass, Col. Larned, Gen. Brown, Judge May, Col. Clarke, of Monroe ; Maj. Biddle, Ed. Brush, and other Statesmen and soldiers of early Michigan made the village a resort, and were in tlie habit of taking a striiig band of four performers witli them. Those well-known pioneers of the State, after spending some time at Mount Clemens, would pay a visit to Judge Connors, two miles west of the Clemens house, wliere the city ceme- tery now is. There those merry makers would pass several days, and return to Detroit fully satisfied that they had done justice to all the pleasure which the world offered them. CHASTISING A SAVAGE. In one of the pioneer sketches references are made to the Mount Clemens Dis- tillery. Here we shall deal with one of the most ardent admirers of that institu- tion among the savages of the district. It appears that Christian Clemens left the hamlet for Detroit, where he passed some days as a claimant himself, or a witness for otlier claimants, before the Board of Land Commissioners. During his absence a few members of tlie Otchipwe band or Witanniss Indians found out exactly where the precious whisky was stored, and determined to have a drink of it. Before the red men could carry out their plans in this direction the nabob of the Huron returned just at a moment wlien the naked Pachuk was helping himself to a deep, deep draught. The judge realized the situation in a moment, and seizing the old-time tongs, which lay on the hearth-stone close by, dealt the noble red man a blow, brought him to his knees, and was preparing a second edition of the iron lash, when HISTORY OF MACO:\[B COUNTY. the frightened savage turned a summerset, regained his feet, and fled, the while whooping and calling for vengeance. The pioneer settler made preparations for war, but his prudence was unnecessary, at least on that occasion ; for when next he saw that whisky-loving savage, he bore a haunch of venison as an offering of peace to his white chief and brother. The chronicler proceeds to state that the judge often related the story of that event, and always entertained the idea that the safety of himself and the members of his family depended on his decisive action at the moment. Such examples of Caucasian courage an.d prompt measures were common among the early Fi-ench pioneers, and were not wanting on the part of Americans. Of the first we have Louis Campeau, at Saginaw, in 1816, and at Grand Rapids in 1826-9 ; of the second we have Eleazer Jewett, at the Tittaba- wassee post of the American Fur Company in 1826, and Rix Robinson at Ada in Kent County in 1823. Those old settlers played the five acts in the drama of life. COL. JOHN STOCKTON. Col. John Stockton, one of the leading spirits of Michigan in early days, one of her oldest soldiers and large-hearted citizens, died at Mount Clemens, November 26, 1878. The deceased served as an officer in the war of 1812 and Colonel in the war of the rebellion. At the time of his death he was in the 88th year of his age. He came to Mount Clemens in its very earliest settlement. He married Mary Allen, a step-daughter of Judge Clemens, the founder and first settler of Mount Clemens. He is the last of those early settlers who has been identified with the • interests of the village during its entire history, and was the oldest resident if not the oldest person here. He was the first Clerk and Register of Deeds in the county, having served in that capacity just sixty-seven years ago, 1818. He was also the first Postmaster and Justice of the Peace of Mount Clemens. He was generous and hospitable to a fault, and has given to the destitute sufficient to have amassed a colossal fortune In the political, organic and military chapters of the general history, references are made to this pioneer. THOMAS ASHLEY. Thomas Ashley arrived at Mt. Clemens in May, 1820. He was a native of Win- dom. Conn., removing afterward to Batavia, Genesee Co., N. Y. About the year 1811 he became acquainted with the Cady family of Batavia Township. In 1820 he set out on his western journey, and arriving at Detroit, proceeded to Pontiac, and thence to Mt. Clemens, where he built the first entire frame structure erected in the village, if we except the frame addition to the Clemens House, built by Col. Stockton, and the little office of lawyer Ezra Prescott. In October, 1820, his fam- ily arrived from Genesee County, and entered at once on a life in the old log house, T^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. which then stood immediately in the rear of Henry Connor's stables, and the new Week's block. The family then comprised Mrs. Lucy Ashley, formerly Mrs. Lucy Cady, who married Mr. Ashlej' about 1810 ; her sons Henry and Chauncey G., and her daugh- ter Lucy Cad}'. Miss Lovinia Russell, afterwards Mrs. Ezekiel Allen, accompanied the family. In May, 1821, Horace H. Cady and his step-brother Alfred Ashley ar- rived. In 1821 the sons of Mrs. Ashley erected the old saw-mill on the North Branch two miles north of Mt. Clemens, better known as the Haskins mill. The family dwelt in the old loghouse until the erection of the frame building referred to above, in 1823 ^(the frame was put up in 1821), which stood opposite the new bank- ing house of Crocker and Ulrich, removed to give place to the bi'ick block. Ash- ley was a farmer and one of the early lawyers of the county. He was among the boys of the village of Mt. Clemens, and took part with them in all the merry meet- ings of the villagers, as well as in the more serious meetings of the business com- munity. CHAUNCEY G. CADY. Chauncey G. Cady, born in Otsego County, N. Y., Aug. 20, 1803, son of Joseph and Lucy (Hutchiiis) Cady, the former a native of Windom, Conn., and the latter of Killingsley, Conn., who removed to Otsego County N. Y. in 1801, settled with his parents in Buffalo, N. Y. in 1805 or 1806, tlience to Batavia Township, Gene- see Co., N. Y. in 1806 or 1807, and made that place his liome until 1820, when the * family moved into the Territory of Michigan. Joseph Cady left Buffalo on a land exploratory expedition in 1807, and not re- turning, he was traced to many prominent villages southwards, and ultimately found to have died at Cincinnati on his liomeward journey. Mrs. Lucy Cady married Thomas Ashley in 1810, came to Michigan with her husband and family in 1820, and died on the Cady liomestead in Sterling Townsliip, about 18.38 or 1839. Cliauncey G. attended the district scliools in his native State for about three years. Previously, at the age of six years, he was apprenticed to a farmer name. I Shubal Dunham, of Genesee County, with whom he stayed three years. In 180'J he returned to his home in Batavia, and for tlie three successive years labored on tiie farm during spring and harvest, and attended the scliools referred to during the winter. From 1814 to the date of his coming to Michigan, he assisted as clerk in a hotel, then kept by his step-father, Thomas Ashley. In 1820, as stated in the pio- neer record, he came to Mt. Clemens, and entered on that active life which has marked his residence here. In 1833 he moved to his original farm in Clinton and Sterling. He erected a house in each township ; that in Clinton lie sold about 1870 to J. & F. Pries, and holds the present residence in Sterling. In 1841 he took an nv C. G. CADY. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. active part in local politics, was elected Supervisor, and re-elected in 1845. In the latter year he was elected Representative to the Legislature, was declared elected by the R. B., and took his seat. A full reference is made to this election in the Political Chapter. In 1849 he was re-elected, and entered the Legislature of 1850-'l, being the second session held at Lansing. While Supervisor, he held the office of Justice of Peace for Clinton from 1841 to 1849. He was also elected Justice of Peace for Sterling in 1856 ; but on account of delay on the part of the town clerk in making returns, did not qualify. He was elected County Drain Com- missioner, and filled the duties of that peculiar office for six years without difficulty and in a manner satisfactory to the Supervisor's Board. Mr. Cady married Miss Catharine Gerty of Harrison Township in 1829, as given in the marriage record. This lady died Aug. 27, 1865, aged 52 years. He married Miss Mary J. Royce Oct. 22, 1867. Previous to 1826 he became a member of the Macomb County militia, under Gen. Stockton. He was paymaster of the command, ranked as major, and dis- charged at muster out of regiment in 1829. His militar}' outfit alone was present during the Toledo war, as he loaned it to Gen. Stockton. On the organization of the Pioneer Society in 1881, Mr. Cady was elected first President. He was mem- ber of the Convention which nominated Alpheus Felch for governor, vice John Barry ; also of State Convention in 1880 from'Macomb senatorial district, as well as of several County Conventions. Mr. Cady was an old Jackson Democrat up to 1854, when he joined the Republican party, and has proved a faithful earnest mem- ber of that party up to the present time. As a pioneer of Mt. Clemens, and an old resident of the county, full references are made to him in the histories of the county and city. To-day he is the senior living settler of Macomb County, and gives promise of being able to make the same proud statement at the beginning of the next century. WM. A. BURT. William Austin Burt was born at Worcester, Mass., June 13, 1792. He was the son of Alvin and Wealthy Burt, natives of Massachusetts, whose parents ar- rived in the American colonies in 1740. The grandparents, as well as parents, followed a seafaring life, and so their days were passed beside the Atlantic, until the western fever urged them away from the sea coast to seek a western home. Imme- diately after the birth of W. A. Burt, his family moved into Montgomery County, N. Y., where they remained eleven years, or until 1803. Montgomery County was then on the borders of civilization, so it is not surprising to learn that the youth of eleven summers was minus books, schools, and almost everything known in the old settlements. After the burning of Buffalo, December 30, 1813, a call was made for volun- i6 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. teers ; young Burt enrolled his name as a member of the New York militia (60 days men). With this command he moved into Canada. In 181-4 he served a second term with a three months' regiment. In the fall of that year lie formed a partner- ship with his father-in-law, Mr. Cole, as merchants. The partners did not succeed in business, so that W. A. Burt returned to the carpenter's bench, and in com- pany with John Allen, afterwards a settler of Bruce, engaged in mill-building. He entered upon his western journey at the outlet of ChautauquaLake, August 13, 1817. On the 24th he .reached Pittsburg; St. Louis, Mo., Sept. 19, and Detroit Oct. 26, 1817. He returned to his eastern home ; but came again to Michigan in 1822. On his return journey he made the hazardous venture of traveling 200 miles through the wilderness. At Detroit he had a true friend in Gen. Cass. Soon after be visited Oakland County, where he built a saw mill for Webster at Auburn. Here he was soon joined by John Allen, his brother-in-law. Before the mill was completed Webster died (being the first death in Oakland), yet Burt and Allen fulfilled their contract. After this those friends built a mill at Waterford. While engaged here, Burt visited Fletcher's survey party, and subsequently explored the country as far as the Moxie Settlement, now Romeo. In 1823 he purchased a tract of land in Washington township, and returned in the fall to Erie County, New York, from which locality he brought his family hither in the spring of 1824. Dur- ing the succeeding summer he erected the Taylor and Millard mills on Lower Stony Creek, and built a log house for himself on his land near that point. In 1825 he completed the Upper Stony Creek mill, or the Hersey mill, by placing in it a run of stone. That mill is now in operation, just over the line in Oakland County. Many other mills were built by Burt and Allen previous to 1826, including the concern for Alpheus Wadhams within six miles of Port Huron. W. A. Burt was elected a member of the Territorial Legislature in the fall of 1826. In 1828 he built the Dexter mills, referred to in the History of Washtenmv. During this time he discussed with Samuel Dexter the question of the utility of the masonic order. He was the originator of a masonic society at Stony Creek, being the third lodge formed in the Territory of Michigan. In 1831 he was elected County Surveyor, was appointed Associate Judge, April 24, 1833, and United States District Surveyor, November 23, 1833. He engaged in building the mills at the ancient village of Frederick, in 1833; but so soon as his appointment was made, he gave up the labor of a carpenter and mill- builder. His duties as United States Surveyor took him westward to the Missis- sippi. He ran the township lines where the city of Milwaukee now stands. He was appointed a Commissioner of Internal Improvement, April 3, 1838, and made the survey of the railroad to Saginaw. Pveviously he was the first surveyor of the old strap railroad from Detroit to Ypsilanti. fe* HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. He possessed some inventive genius, and produced an instrument by which he conveyed his thoughts to paper in printed form. He constructed a surveying instru- ment different from anything hitherto known. He cast aside the Polar Star, and made the Sun his objective point. The result of his nursing and inquiries was the Solar Compass, invented by him and made in the shop of W. J. Young, of Phil- adelphia. In the survey of the Northern Peninsula this compass was found to be a sine qua non. On September 19, 1844, Mr. Burt discovered iron ore at the jjlace now known as the Jackson iron mine. On the drowning of Dr. Houghton, Decem- ber 13, 1845, Mr. Burt and others were called upon to complete as far as possible the reports. In the summer of 1851 he visited Europe. In 1855 he wrote a treatise on the Solar Cornpass. He was engaged in the construction of the Equatorial Sextant, at Detroit, in 1858, when death summoned him away from his work, August 18, 1858. Mrs. Burt died a few years later, and both sleep in the cemetery of Mount Vernon. Regarding this settler it may be truly said, that he was one of this world's true noblemen. Honest, sincere, intellectual, he recommended himself to every one, winning the esteem of all with whom he associated. Mr. Burt's children are : John, Alvin, Austin, Wells, and William. Alvin Burt died in Wisconsin some years ago ; John, Austin and Wells reside at Detroit, William makes his home at Marquette. All these men are pioneers of the iron dis- tricts of the Peninsula, all are survej'ors, and to their desire to make a thorough exploi-ation of the Lake Superior country, the development of that portion of the Peninsula is mainly due. The labors of the survey were entered upon by Wm. A. Burt, in 1844. THE SETTLEMENT OF THE DARLINGS. In the year 1823, Sylvester Darling and' George Wilson with their families arrived at Detroit. There they secured the services of three sailors — owners of a canoe — who started to guide them on a voyage via Lake St. Clair to Mt. Clemens. One small sail was all the propelling power the small craft had at command. All went well until near their destination. It was nearly night, and they were very anxious to land before darkness set in ; but they were not to be so favored ; for when within a little more than an hour's sail from their port, an angry squall over- took them and they were driven helplessly before it. Like a feather their sail was torn from the mast, the men caught it before it was carried overboard, and refas- tened it to the mast with a clothes' line and held the bottom with their hands — no easy task in the face of a November gale. All through the hours of that memorable night the men took turns in holding the sail, for there were no oars aboard the frail craft. The women and the little children cowered in one end of the boat under the slight protection of an old awning, but the driving rain soon penetrated their ^rr HISTORY OF JIACOMB COUNTY. place of refuge, and they were in a pitiful condition indeed. Who can picture the despair that overtook them : impenetrable darkness surrounded them, and they were driving on to an unknown fate. One of the sailors overcome by fear, crouched in the bottom of the boat, refusing to save himself or his fellow voyagers. The angry waves boiled and hissed round them, lashed into fury by the fierce storm. They knew not in what direction they were going, only that they were being driven away from the point they wished to gain. Thus the long night passed, and day began to dawn. The shore was close at hand, but tlie waves were breaking upon it with such fury they could not dare to land. There they cast anchor, ex- pecting every moment the waves to engulf them ; but toward night the waters calmed sufficiently for them to land. No signs of habitation could be seen ; they were apparently on the border of the Canadian wilderness. There they built a fire, dried their wet clothing, and cooked a little provisions for a much required meal. A brush-hut was next built to offer shelter to them from the cold winds which still continued to blow. On the afternoon of the next day they dared ven- ture out on the waters ; but after two hours battle with the winds, they weie forced backward to the wild shore where tlie previous night was passed. Here the party remained four days until the storm subsided, wlien they made an attempt to go forward on their journey. This time the voyage was successful, and it is believed no travelers were ever more joyful than were those who escaped all the dangers of that tempestuous voyage from Detroit to Mt. Clemens. After two days passed at Mount Clemens, the party proceeded to Shelby. Not having any houses built, they entered an old log hut on the Wilcox Place, there to wait until some better building could be erected. It was a wretched place, small, and open to the weather on all sides, and, to use Mrs. Darling's own expression. You might throw a dog through the roof anywhere. In this hut a little child was born — a Darling, while Mrs. Wilson eared for her own babe not yet two months old. Here the Wilson and Darling families remained for six weeks, and just as one of Michigan's fiercest winters was upon them they moved into snug log houses on their own lands, Mr. Wilson's land lying three-fourths of a mile south of Wash- ington, and Mr. Darling's one mile farther to the south. Of the heads of these families, Mrs. Darling alone is left, and the children who encountered the perils of that voyage with their parents are old gray-headed people. CORBYN REMINISCENCES. S. H. Corbyn, a pioneer of Armada and Richmond Townships, writing to the Secretary' of the Pioneer Society of Macomb, in December, 1881, from his home at Plainwell, Mich., states: Alfred Goodell and I came from Detroit together. Leav- ing him in Detroit, his eldest son and myself pushed ahead, and reached our destina- ^1 fc^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tion a day or two ahead of him. The first cabin we built was on his side of the road. After this I built one for m3'self, and also framed a small barn, which was subsequently sold to Elijah Burke. Mr. Corbyn recites many of the events men- tioned in the Goodell reminiscences. He refers to the diiScnlty of tracing survey lines at this time. " When I was looking to locate my land," he says, " I started at the northwest corner of Section 36, and tried to trace the line to where the village of Armada now is. I could find the line as far as the timber went; but before I had gone a mile it opened into brush land and open plains. Having nothing but a po6ket compass to guide me, I could not find the section corners south of that place, nor the quarter stake, where the village now is, and gave it up, not dreaming of the possibilities of the future — never thinking of what that sea of brush might be converted into. At that time I was not such an adept at tracing lines as I after- wards became; for, for years, I accompanied land-lookers, traced lines, pointed out section corners nearl}^ all over the town of Richmond and in Columbus Township, gave them their numbers, which numbers they secreted in their pockets until they could reach the Detroit Land Office. Land hunters at that time were jealous, or rather suspicious of each other ; and so each made an effort to reach the office first, lest his competitor might outwit him in purchasing. CARTER REMINISCENCES. Nathaniel Carter left Massachusetts for Michigan, August 24, 1831. At the close of the third week of the journey he found his friend Holman located in the wilderness four miles northeast of Romeo. His reminiscences of settlement portray many of the scenes of the olden time, and are on that .account valuable. He says : At this time the east half of Armada and what is now Richmond belonged to Saint Clair County. There were only two families in the east half of Armada, viz., Leonard Lee and Alfred Goodell. The highways were yet in the future, their pliice being- represented by sled paths among the trees. The first thing to be done was to select a farm, so we started northward through the brush and open land to the old fort, which was a circular bank or ridge eight or ten feet high from the bottom of the exterior ditch. The walls enclosed about an acre of Ian* , with an opening toward the North Brauch. Near by were the bones of a very large race of people. There was an old oak tree about eighteen inches in diameter growing on the top of this fort. From this point we started for the southeast to find Hol- man's brother, Levi Holman's location. He showed us through the woods, which were then covered with trees so large as to make the Yankees feel a little discour- aged. We found a small stream called Coon Creek, running through Section 31, Richmond, near Leonard Lee's and Levi Holman's farms. We selected two eighty- acre lots on Section 34, paid $200, and received in due time President Jackson's V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. deed. Romeo theu contained one frame and three log houses, and a small one- story frame store, built on the corner of Main and Saint Clair Streets, by N. T. Taylor. The land between the Curtiss farm and the village was nearly all taken up, and much of it was occupied. The ague attacked one member of the family and created some surprise. Ebenezer Brooks and wife came next. A short time after settlement a man was heard shouting in the wilderness, Mr. Curtiss went forth with his rifle. The hooting continued until the lost man saw his rescuer advancing. So overpowered with joy was he that he could scarcely express himself. He started the morning previous to come from the road north to the Hoxie trail ; but got lost. He had a good pocket compass, yet he strayed away, became lost, and at the moment he was discovered was twenty-four hours without food. This man's name was Truesdell Nickols. A sudden turn of affairs urged Carter to enter the market. There he made application for a Stewart, and sealed the contract so strongly that it is good yet. After furnishing his log-house, he began to think about building a saw-mill. There was but one neai-er than Stoney Creek, and that was Noah Webster's. His was the next built in order of time. Since that time he sawed timber for twelve saw-mills and three grist mills, all erected within a radius of three-one-half miles of the Carter farm, all run by water power, and the greater number of them gone out of use. In 1832-3, the season of alternate rain and frost, the grain crops were destroyed. The settlers endured many privations, some were reduced almost to starvation. Flour was 'f 16 per barrel, and pork, #30. Asa Holman organized the first Sunday School in the Town of Armada, within a log-house on the corner of his farm. John Proctor and Job Howell built the first frame houses in the township ; Norman Perry and N. Carter soon fol- lowed the example, and the era of frame buildings was introduced. DANIEL W. day's REMINISCENCES. In April, 1827, my father, Erastus Day, started from the town of Lima, Liv- ingston County, in the State of New York, with teams and went to Pittsford in the same county, where, in company with Capt. Gad Chamberlain and some four other families, they chartered a canal-boiit on the Erie Canal, which had been finished about two years, to Buffalo. It being early in the season, no boats had as yet left for Detroit, but two steamers were lying at the wharf anxious for lading, and as there were five or six families of us, with household goods, etc., the masters of the vessels were vei'y anxious and began to bid for the load, when the master of the Steamer Superior, Capt. Sherman, proposed to take us to Detroit gratis if we would go with him ; so, as a matter of course, we all piled on, and after a stormy passage (all that were on ^^~^ >^, HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. board being sick except the crew, my father, and Capt. Chamberlain) we arrived at Detroit. We stayed there until Sunday morning, Capt. Chamberlain in the meantime having purchased some two or three yoke of oxen and father two cows with tlieir calves, which he bought for twenty-five dollars. On Sunda}' morning quite a debate arose as to whether we should lay over until Monday, or start at once, Capt. Chamberlin being opposed to traveling on the Sabbath, (which was right,) but other counsels prevailed, and about ten o'clock, (he oxen having been hitched up, we launched out upon that great sea of mud and water toward Royal Oak, being kept partially out of the mud by a railroad with the rails all laid cross- wise, and oh ! what a road was there, my countrymen ! It was almost impossible to keep right side up and out of the mud and water. Between Detroit and Royal Oak we stopped at a place called Mother Handsome's, whose real name was Chapin, where we had dinner. The next place, after passing Royal Oak, was then called Hamilton's, afterward Piety Hill, and now Birmingham. It was then com- posed of one log house, which was the tavern. At that time there was no road direct from Royal Oak to Rochester, consequently we were obliged to go by Ham- ilton's, where we stayed Sunday night, if memory serves me right, and the next day brought up at Horatio Nye's, in the township of Bruce, Macomb County. That day, my father, myself, and Levi, the youngest brother, traveled on ahead of the teams, and missing our way, went to where Romeo now stands, then called Indian village, Gideon Gates, post-master. I think there were at that time, four log houses within the bounds of Romeo as it now is. As is related above, we stopped at Nye's, about two miles west of Romeo, where we stayed a few days and then moved into a log shanty about twelve by fourteen, and covered with oak shakes, where we lived, or rather stayed, some six or eight weeks and planted a crop of corn and potatoes. In the meantime, father had purchased eighty acres of timber land about two miles northeast of Romeo, and on the fifth day of July, 1827, we went to the new farm to prepare logs for a house, which was raised in a few days with becoming ceremonies, and after covering it with elm bark, la3dng a part of a floor of hewn bass-wood logs, and cutting out the logs, and leaving the holes for doors and windows, we quietly moved into it without any fire-place or chimney except a hole in the roof for the smoke to escape through. I recollect of mother telling one morning that she saw some large animal jump out through the hole left for a window during the night. Hardly a night passed but we could hear wolves howling in different directions. I remember at one time of hearing them howl about eighty or one hundred rods from the house. Very soon the hogs put in an appearance at the house minus two very fine pigs which were never seen afterward. At another time, as two of my brothers started from home, they encountered two bears in close proximity to the hog-pen wherein were five or six fine porkers. On 3 Tis:' HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. another occasion, while all hands were engaged in chopping, we heard a hog set up a terrible squeak, when we all started for the scene of battle, where we found a long-legged brown bear leading a hog off by the nape of the neck, and as there was not a rifle in the company, bruin made good his escape after having bitten Mr. Porker so badly that he afterward died. While living at home and going to school, a little incident occurred that might be worth relating. Whilst wandering about in the woods one Saturday, I discovered a large basswood log partially rotted away, in the hollow of which I thought wolves slept. I went and borrowed a trap and set it, but it was not a success, as they went in all directions except in the trap. One very cold morning I went to my trap, and not finding anj-thing in it, I turned about and went directly home, and as I stepped into the door I heard them howl, and going back found that they were not over ten rods behind me, as I saw the tracks of two of them as they turned from the road into the woods and left on sus- picion. As to religious matters, the first sermon I heard in Romeo was by the Rev. Abel Warren, of sainted memory, who moved into that part of the country in 1824. He preached in warm weather in Albert Finch's barn on the farm now known as the Ewell farm. This was in the spring of 1827. Rev. Isaac Ruggles was the first Congregational minister that ever preached in Romeo, which was in 1829. In the spring of 1828, all the people turned out, and that was not a great many, and hewed the timber, gave lumber and shingles, and built a frame school-house on land owned by Asahel Bailey, which answered the purpose of school-house and church. The first school was taught by Gideon Gates, and Alanson Fincli, who was supposed afterward to have been carried off by the Indians, went to scliool. He was missed at night, and many of the neighbors searched in the woods all night and tiie next day. It was estimated that some four or five hundred men were scouring the woods far and near, but no trace of him was found, and it was with- out doubt the means of bringing the old people in sorrow to the grave. REMINISCENCES OF JOHN D. HOLLAND. Referring to the emigration of the Holland family from New York, May 20, 1829, John D. Holland writes : We started from the town of Mendon, in the county of Monroe, State of New York (had prayers in the morning offered by Brother Schuyler, a connection of Gen. Schuyler of Albany), we pursued our journey to or near Batavia, where we stayed the first night, and that night it was frosty and cold, the morning following, I tliink the ground was a little frozen. Pursued our course to Buffalo got on board a small schooner called the Dread of Huron, John Haskins captain. Came to San- dusky City in about three days from Buffalo, staid there some three or four days, found tliere an old man by the name of Rogers, who was taken prisoner of war in ^ « r fe^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the Revolution with my father, out of the sloop Randolph, a sloop of sixteen guus, about the year 1780. The old men appeared glad to see each other. My father and myself got on board a small boat and came to Detroit in about two days I should judge. Detroit was then small, the old Fort Hull surrendered was then garrisoned by United States soldiers. Maj. Jonathan Kearsley and John Biddle then acted as land agents, or they gave duplicates to the applicants at the United States Land OflBce. Staid near Detroit a number of days. Came to Washington to look laud about the 20th of June, went to Detroit and received a duplicate for the east half of the north-east quarter of section twenty-two in that town, about the 26th or 7th of June, 1823, and at tluit time there was in Washington Barna Miller, Joseph Miller, Elon Andrus,. Lazarus Green, Zebulum Hayden and Aaron Stone, and pei'haps Solomon Wales with families ; liivewise Freeborn Heley and Jol> Hoxie with families. Milton Nye's familj^ absent, Ezra B. Throop, Alvin Nye, Marcus Nye, Daniel Smith, young men, and Alexander Tackles a widower, these were the only inhabitants then living in the township of Washington. Romeo was then called Indian Village. Asahel Bailey and Chauncy Bailey with families then lived in Bruce, and Michael Tromley, they were the only inhabitants in Bruce, except Indians, unless Shartkey, (Chartier), then lived near Tromley. What a change do I see to-day, I can see from my window three good churches, an academy, a village containing perhaps 2,000 inhabitants, but alas, reflection tells me that almost all the former inhabitants have passed through the gates of death, and are with us no more. Freeborn Hel'ey was the first white man who died in Washington that we have any knowledge of, he died in August, 1825. But who can count the number that has fallen in Washington since that day. Elias Pattee came and preached in Washington about the last of August 1823, a class was formed in Washington of six members, viz: John D. Holland leader, Elon Andrews, Nancy Andrews, Polly Greene, Aurilla Miller and Laura Miller. James Thornington was tlie first settler in Washington, he came into the town, as near as can be ascertained in the month of February 1819, ami settled on the farm now owned and occupied by George Wilson. The first physician that settled in Washington was Lyman T. Jenny, then came Dr. Dennis Cooley, a constant pliysi- cian many years. The first frame barn was built by Zebulum Hayden in the spring of 1824, the first frame house was built by Edward Arnold in the fall of 1825. The first school was kept by Dr. Lyman T. Jenny. The first township meeting was held near John D. Holland's in April 1827, the first Supervisor was John S. Axford, the first Township Clerk was John D. Holland. The great rain Iiappened the 18th and 19th of June, 1825. The first saw mill was built by John Proctor, the first grist mill built by Wilks L. Stuart and Edwin Wilcox. The first merchant, and perhaps -\' 200 HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. the first founder of the merchants' establishment or business in Romeo, was Nathan Terry Taylor. The first religious meeting was held in a log shanty owned and oc- cupied by Albert Finch, very near the house Hall Ewell now lives in, in June 1824. The first Postoffice established in tlie village of Romeo, I think about the autumn of 1825, was called Indian Village Postoffice, Gideon Gates was Post-master. Who acted as Post-master in the township of Washington, I am not sure but think it was Otis Lamb, office established not far from the time it was established in Indian Vil- lage. The townships of Washington and Bruce were joined as one township for several years. The first saw mill built in Bruce was that liy Leander Tromley, some time before the mill erected by John Proctor. The first blacksmith in Wash- ington was John Bennett. The first white child born in Bruce was a daughter of Cliauncy Bailey. There was an Indian tribe living near Lakeville, Macomps was their chief. Gen.- John Stockton came to Mt. Clemens at an early day, and I presume can give as much information relative to former times as any one in Macomb County. SKETCHES OF EARLY SETTLEMENT IN SHELBY, BY L. D. OWEN. When I was a lad, between nine and ten years of age, my father, Abijah Owen, then living in the State of New York, Genessee Co., conceived the idea of emigrating to the West. Some of his townsmen, among whom were Calvin Davis, Elon and Russel Andrus, Joseph and Daniel Miller, Elder Abel Warren, and some others, had gone a year or two previous. From the very flattering accounts received from them as to the natural advantages to be enjoyed in this new country, he resolved to move thither, and sold what little property he had in that country. In the latter part of the month of June, 1825, he started with his family of five children and their mother for the far-famed territory of Michigan. At this time no such thing as a railroad had been projected, neither had there any canals been brought into use ; for be it known Clinton's big ditch, or the Erie Canal, was not completed till September of that year. Then, of coui-se, our only mode of trans- portation from starting point to Buffalo, was by lumber wagon. At Buffalo we embarked on board the only steamboat then on Lake Erie, and the second one that had ever navigated its waters, the " Superior." After a passage of five days, calling at all the intermediate ports, we landed on terra firma at Detroit. I well remember how fine was the weather. Not a ripple disturbed the placid blue waters of that noble lake. Immediately on landing, we fell in with a teamster by the name of Jack Hamlin, whose business it was to transport immigrants into this country. A turnpike had then been constructed, commencing at the river bank, and running for a distance of four miles in a northerly direction, which, subsequent^, was completed by the ^ s r" iK. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. United States as a militaiy road to Saginaw Ray. When leaving this four-mile turnpike, we entered upon a single wagon track, meandering through brush, seek- ing the most eligible ground, and guided Ijy blazed trees through forests. After two days' weary journey, we arrived at our destined haven at the house of uncle Calvin Davis, in the township of Shelby. Then it was that pioneer life began to dawn upon us. The first step was to locate an eighty acre lot of land, and no delay was necessary in making a selection, there being a vacant lot adjoining my uncle's. No objection could be entertained to securing a neighbor no more than half a mile distant, in a wilderness country. The lialf mile to my uncle's I thought quite too far to go for fire, when often in the summer time ours had gone out during the night. Lucifer matches in those days were not dreamed of ; some people had a tinder box with flint and steel from which they could start a fire. As soon as my father had secured his land, wheat harvest being then ready, he thought it more important to secure some of the needful, than to commence the erection of a domicile, and his first labor was performed for one, Judge Thurston, in the western part of Washington Township ; raking and binding at six shillings per day ; but from the paucity of the wheat fields here then, harvest time was of short duration, so he soon commenced the building of a log house. I remember hearing him say, after paying for his land, he had but seven dollars in money left, so by the time he had procured the necessary whisky to carry on his raising, doubtless, that was gone. Could buildings be raised in those days without whisky ? One might just as well undertake to bury a corpse without digging a grave. It was quite apparent now that no time should be lost in preparing a family shelter, as an emergency of a domestic character was known to exist, that, except with nomadic tribes, called for more tlian ordinary care, so not many days elapsed before logs were got together and shakes rove out of oak for a roof, and from some source he obtained some second-hand lumber, of various widtlis and thickness, for an upper and under floor. Soon we were ushered into our new domocile, and in a few days my mother gave birth to another child, Martha B., now Mrs. Cox, of Franklin, Oakland Co. The first year we lived without a cow — T can remember often diet- ing on roast potatoes and salt — but the next summer my father vrent down to his uncle Raskin's, living a few miles from Mt. Clemens, and brought home a cow, saying his uncle gave her to him. Then we children felt gleeful and happy — no more potatoes and salt ; we could luxuriate not only on potatoes and milk, but liread and milk also. Prosperity often is of short duration, for when we had had Old Bob a year or so, there suddenly appeared without previous notice, two young men with orders to drive away the cow. Some of the younger children cried to see Old Boh driven away. She merited that sobriquet from her semi-caudal appendage, which I suppose some ferocious canine had made a little too free with. ;^ ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Now a spell came over our dreams, potatoes and salt haunted our minds. Not only that, but we were strongly suspected of being fatherless, for he was among the missing also. While he was gone mother wanted to make some cucumber pickles, and whisky was about the only ingredient then used for that purpose, so I was sent to Mr. Burlingham's still for some of the critter, hnt when Burlingham learned tliat father was gone, and we did not know where, I could not get the whisky, although two shillings jjer gallon was all it was worth. I don't remember now of ever seeing two shillings in money up to that time. But the darkest hour is said to be just before day; so in the course of six weeks my father returned, driving with him two good cows, which he had paid for with his labor, on the farm owned by Gen. Cass, whose tenant was father's cousin. I tell you we boys threw up our hats then though I am not sure we had any. Yes, I do remember of making one for myself about that time out of straw ; but if I remember right it was a rude specimen. The farm above alluded to is now about one-half the city of Detroit, unless the city extends far beyond it in a westerly direction. I, however, know that it was a large farm, for the next summer, after father got the cows, I was permitted to go there to play with the cousins and remain three weeks, riding the ponies after the cows every night. Three weeks had passed, so one Sunday niorning I shouldered my pack, about twenty pounds of dried peas, beside other traps, and started afoot and alone for home. The four- mile turnpike alluded to, was traversed, after which was brush and timber almost the entire distance of thirty miles, but I made port and had considerable ambition left. I should hate to undertake that walk now in a day. I was twelve or thirteen years old at this time. If my memory serves me there was but one brick building in tlie city at that time and that, it seems to me, was only one and a half stories high. There stands a dwelling now on Jefferson avenue, not far from Woodward, that was there then. The first team we had in this country was grown from calves dropped the same spring of our arrival, hence my father had no facilities for work- ing his land, though yearly he would endeavor to get two or three acres broke, either by making a bee or changing work, with some of the neighbors ; those calves were bought of Elder Warren in the fall after they were a year old and my brother and I broke them that winter, and snailed up the most of our fire wood at this time. I made the 3'oke and bows, putting in a wooden staple of bent hick- ory, with a crotched limb forming a hook for the staple, and a short piece of chain at the rear end. I would hitch to a small draft and drag it to the house. I can remember taking motlier two and a half miles to meeting with those steers attached to an ox sled, over a trail covered only with about an inch of snow. My brother and I done j^retty much the entire work done at home for the first four or fire ;%* HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. years ; while father worked out by the clay. We split mostly all the rails that was used during that time, and also laid them into fences. Judging from recollection as to the length of time we had been in this country I should say it was in the spring of 1826 or '27, that our neighborhood became rife with rumors that a boy was lost in the northern part of the county. I well re- member that, when we were all at Town meeting about the first of April, there came a courier, heralding the sad news that Mr. Finch's boy, in the Hoxie settle- ment, was lost, and that the father desired help to look him up. My father started the next day, and I suppose all the neighbors did also start to search for the miss- ing one. If I remember aright he was gone about a week ; but they did not find the boy, and he never was found either dead or alive, and the grievance of the heart-stricken parents bore so heavily upon them, that their natures soon gave way, and both went down to an untimely grave, mourning the loss of their boy. Now the time occurred that I first saw Romeo, tlien the Hoxie Settlement; so when we had lived here long enough to have raised a little corn, a corn basket was needed, and none was known to be made nearer to us tiian the Hoxie settlement, so my brother and I, respectively ten and twelve years old, started for Romeo on foot, and procured a basket of one old Mr. Washburn. A frame house, I remember, was then being erected just behind a little oak tree, by one John B. HoUister, then our County Surveyor, and that same little oak tree is now standing in front of Mrs. Nelly Gray's residence. I remember that when we got started for home the elements portended a thunder shower. We had been taught that to be in the woods at such a time was very dangerous. Soon we were overtaken by Esq. Lester, of Utica, on horseback, and to keep up with him was our aim ; therefore when his horse trotted, we trotted; but occasionally his horse would walk and then we could recuperate our wind. We heard him tell some one on the way that those were the smartest boys he ever saw, as they kept up with his}horse all the way. In due time we reached home in safety. The advantages for schooling in the neighborhood where we lived were poorer than in some other. The fourth town was then comparatively a thickly settled neigliborhood, for within a mile from each other tliere were Geo. Hanscom, Geo. Willson, Dan'l and Jas. Miller, Elon Andrews, John Bennett, — Burlingham, Otis Lamb, and perhaps some others. When I would visit their school, I found the pu- pils much farther advanced in the rudimental branches than with us. Immediately after our arrival here, I commenced going one and a half miles to school, but with- in a month I was attacked with the ague and lay prostrate with it all that winter. A portion of one winter I remember going two and a half miles to a male teacher, Ellas Scott. It was then I began to learn to write, and I think I wrote one or two HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. love letters to a girl who was some years older than I was, who is now Mrs. Alvah Arnold. The last winter I remained at home, we had a school only one and a fourth miles away, taught by Miss Laura Hopkins, sister of the late Cyrus Hopkins, the veteran bell ringer of Romeo. This was in the winter of 1830-31, but my duties at home never alloweti me to attend school very regular. In June, 1831, I left home and engaged as clerk to P. & G. Leech, of Utica, who had recently come in and bought the mill property there, and also inaugurated a store. The following winter I attended a three months' school, taught by one P. B. Thurston, who subsequently became Judge of Probate for the County, and held the office a great number of years. He was counted a very worthy man and an efficient County officer. One little incident I will make mention of as occurring with some of my earliest experience after leaving liome, to show the fortitude that may be cherished, and is far more often displayed in a new country than an older one, and is probably engendered by the rudeness of a pioneer life. Early the fol- lowing spring I was sent by my employers to Mt. Clemens to collect a small account; when arriving at the North Branch I found that the bridge had been swept away, but a man with a canoe was there to ferry me across. I was directed to put the saddle in the canoe, and swim the horse ahead of us, and so save us the labor of paddling. The halter or bridle was too short to allow the horse to get be- yond the reach of the canoe, hence he was much frightened at the frequent contact with it it. The stream having extended far beyond its natural banks covered a flat of more shallow water. At this point the horse struck bottom, and made such powerful strides as to drag me from the canoe through the shallows to dry land. Now why did I not let go '/ Because I feared the horse would give me the slip and be a greater hardship to recover him than to be drawn through the water, so I stuck to him and went on, made the collection in silver coin — about twenty-five dollars, and that weight of specie in my pantaloon pockets while on horseback, ap- peared to be a far greater annoyance than tlie wet clothes." Mr. Owen paid a brilliant tribute to the deceased Abel Warren, and concluded his paper with a very apt reference to the pioneers of Macomb. The following poetical comparison of the Past and the Present was written by J. E. Day, in 1874. It is a very faithful review, and must be of special interest in connection with this chapter : In days gone by our dames and sires, Free from that pride which wealth inspires, With zeal which coming days will bless. Performed their toils in home-spun dress. The rustle of a sill^ The matron's costume, clean and bright, Was home-spun linen, blue and white, Whose scanty folds were held in place, By linen string about the waist, . Whose tidy pleats were kept in check By linen kerchief at the neck. Her feet were shod with heavy shoes, Made less for beauty than for use, Her bonnet, too, it may be said — Was on and not behind her head. His pants were tow and woolen mix't, In colors which her skill had fix't ; And made with all the house-wife's care, Not for adornment but to wear. His frock was made of heavy tow ; Came to the knees, or just below. Supplying place of coat or vest. Like charity, concealed the rest. Uncouth in gait, or form, or looks. Untaught was he, in lore of books ; Unskilled was he, in ways to please ; Untaught in all the arts of ease ; Yet he was wise in all his toil, He knew the secrets of the soil ; He knew where best to plant his corn. He could presage the coming storm ; He knew where wild fruits grew the best ; He knew where wild birds built their nest ; And large his heart — the poor confes't. The kindly feeling of the breast. Yet we confess they had their pride, Though leaving much to virtue's side ; 'Twas his the glitt'ring ax to wield. Or daily plow the willing field. And many a rood of fertile land Confessed the power of his hand. And while he daily swung the ax. Her pride was in her field of flax ; And in her bright, well scoured room, And in her spinning-wheel and loom, And in her knots of woolen yarn. Ready to make the new or darn. For hung in festoons 'round the room, Where trophies of her wheel and loom. And still was heard, for days to come. The spinning-wheel's familiar hum. And as her sturdy urchins grew, ' Twas all the music that they knew. ' Tis well remembered sound to me, 'Tis music of utility. The houses which they lived in, too, No rules of architecture knew, The unhewn trunks of trees supplied. Material to form its sides. Laid up each other's ends across. And chinked between, with mud and moss. On these were poles, set up to take, A roof composed of " shanty shake." Two doors it had, a front and rear, A window on each side appears, And in one end — the other graced, A huge, old-fashioned. " fire-place," Whose fervent heat had often told. Expulsion to the winter's cold. And whose reflected, cheerful light. Oft changed to day the winter's night. What fun to sit on winter days, Before that open fire-place. And see within the embers glow. Intricate fancies come and go. Or hear the crackling fagots sing The music of the Fire King, What feasts we children used to share, Acorns and chestnuts, wasted there. Or when more sumptuous feasts invite. The dancing pop-corn brown and white. How oft I've thought with childish joy. When I should cease to be a boy. When I should reach maturer life And mingle in its joys and strife. That time has come, and taught the boy. Anticipation has the greater joy. The hearth was stones, large, smooth and flat. And in the corner lay a mat. On which, before the blazing log, Reposed the drowsy hunting dog. And in the corner used to stand The bake-kettle, and frying-pan. . The chimney-flue (for want of bricks) Was made of plastered mud, and sticks, The floor was made of bass-wood slabs. Split out and laid with ax and adze. The only jack-plane that it knew Was friction of the heel and toe. The only carpet at command Was daily made of soap and sand. b^ 256 HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. The door was large, and wide, and hung Which under our fond mother's care. On wooden hinges, creaked as it swung, Weekly were enacted there. Which we small youngsters hail'd as great We knew when came the grand array And vainly tried to imitate. For Tuesday was the baking day. No plated knob, no shining latch, Long years have come, and swiftly passed. Was there the eye to catch, Since Tuesday's fare was tasted last. But if you would admittance beg And we may eat of viands rare. The handle was a hickory peg. And sumptuous entertainments share. Hard by a string of wild deer's hide. Partake of all that warms or cheers. The place of thumb-piece well supplied; May live to see an hundred years. Not always there as you might see. Yet ne'er will taste such pies, or cake. It filled the place of lock and key. As that old oven used to bake. For safety it was just the thing. You'd only to pull in the string. Within that arch we'd often look. And think, how in the holy book, Outside, a few steps from the door. With the bass-wood branches arched o'er, Where pig-weeds grew so tall and grand. The old brick oven used to stand. Upborn on rugged pillars three. In rude uncultured masonry. And underneath we used to keep Our treasures rare, in many a heap. We sometimes heard our father read. How three jasl men of holy deed. Were cast into an oven hot. And yet the flames had harmed them not. We wondered much, yet failed to see I low such strange story true could be. .\nd comforting each other, said. That we were glad that king was dead. It oft has been my childish care. Oh, childhood ' fraught with joy and pain. The needed oven-wood to prepare. Thy years will never come again ; Four honest armfuls, fine and dry. The joys of youth no more we see, E'er I could taste of cake or pie. Save in the light of memory. Our mother then would place these sticks Yet let us keep, as best we may. Within the solid arch of bricks. These visions of the by-gone day. In order so the flames might crawl. And think how in the times far back With easy access through them all. We've wandered from the narrow track. And having fired gave no concern The path our infant feet have trod, But let the crackling contents burn. Forgetful of our father.s' God. Just twenty minutes by the clock. Let's find once more the hopes, the fears. The fire was out, the oven hot. And fervency of early years. And, having scraped the ashes thin. And mingle with life's sterner truth The pastry ready to go in. The "everlasting flowers" of youth. Each loaf with skillful care was laid Upon the fire-shovel's blade, And with a firm and steady hand, In farthest corner made to stand. The loaves were placed in first of all And ranged against the outer wall. And then within this outside ring, In order ranged the smaller things, The walls threw out their ready heat The baking process was complete. Between the oven and the road. Beside the path the well-curb stood. On tip-toe raised, we used to peep Into the dark mysterious deep. And think how one poor foolish elf. Not long before, had drowned herself. Above the curb, the "sweep" was swung, On which a cedar pole was hung. With skill contrived, a strap and nail Arranged to take the oaken pail. Sweet mem'ries hover round my heart, On further end a block of wood. Of mysteries in the baking art. To keep the even balance good. K ^ , 1 jy (B t^ j <^ >^* •^ a, ' 8] HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 257 r- What joy 'twould be to-night to share Could suit our varied wants so well. The very best of liquor there. Or form a play-house with such skill. Such places in its holes to creep, Beside the well, on either hand, Such chance to play at hide and seek, Large branching elm trees used to stand ; Such room our many games to play. And from the lowest, largest limb Or jump upon the springing hay. With ropes and bark we made a swine;. We knew of every place where best And there, on days when out of school, The cunning hen could hide her nest ; And when the sultry sun grew cool, What joyous shout and sparkling eyes. Such joyous pastimes oft we had When her shrill voice proclaims the prize. As makes the heart of childhood glad. With hasty step and merry din Yet, sometimes, ere the play was done, We took the glistening treasures in. Would sadly pause to think of one Whose tired feet had left the way Down on a corner of the street. In which we trod, one Summer day Where four right-angled highways meet. Had gone to find the thither shore A few steps distant from the road, Where childish griefs could come no more. The little, old, log school-house stood ; And roam at will the happy fields Where, in the days long since gone by. Which unmolested pleasure yields. We youngsters used to meet and try To con our various lessons o'er. Not dead to us, we thought that when The foretaste of a world of lore. Some days had passed, he'd come again ; The walls were low and washed with white, And sometimes in the heat of game Four wide, low windows gave it light We would forget and speak his name ; No " patent stove " the building graced. And then, in hushed and solemn way. But a large, wide, stone-built fire-place. Would sit us down, forgetting play. Whose fervent glow and steady heat And every day his merry plays, His golden hair, his gentle ways. Toasted our lieads and froze our feet. Long desks along the walls were fixed ; His ringing laugh, the clothes he wore. No passage-ways were seen betwixt. Came back upon us o'er and o'er. The seats, pine slabs, with iron-wood pegs, Oh, Mem'ry ! Never weary with the past, Which answered in the place of legs. Thy joys be mine while time shall last ; While "beating up" the lesson's track And when time's latest course has run. We to the teacher turned our back. Thy deathless life has only just begun. At recitation, or when school was out. We'd only just to face about. Back from the house, not many rods. The />Dys could easy make the change. Were barn and sheds, built up of logs. But for the gir/s 'twas passing strange. Whose ample floor and well-filled bay The little urchins seated there We thought were just the place for play. Seemed high upborne into the air. On one side were the stalls, where stood From which their small feet dangled o'er The meek eyed cattle, fat and good ; In vain desire to reach the floor. The other was the ample bay, Well-filled with nicely-salted hay. I mind me well how fared the school A row of boxes placed above, ■ When under certain schoolma'am's rule. Sheltered a flock of rattling doves ; How oft for switches we would go. And outside, underneath the eaves. How oft the chalk-mark forced to toe, Were swallows' nests of mud and leaves. How oft the open palm extend And feel the walnut "rule" descend. Not all the arts which poets sing. And yet, what varied fun we took . Not all the lore which ages bring, 17 When she was busy with her book ; u •7 c r- ■ -% e) V ! ■ «^ y AJ^ — ^ 208 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. dians to have it ; if he died before the time to plant corn, his women, who were with him, would come for the packs. Bailey showed him where he could place the provisions in the upper room of the house. Then Macompte knelt and prayed over his venison, making the sign of the cross. They said their farewells, and went away. The following spring the squaws came for the venison. Macompte was dead. The younger squaw cried bitterly — her grief was most pathetic ; the elder only laughed at her ; that laugh was nearly as affecting, but it told its own story. THE DEER OF PKOVIDENCE. During the trying year of the Michigan Narrows, tiie people who settled in the northwest part of Armada, suffered in common with the immigrants of that time located throiigliout Michigan. Ira Phillips with his family, then resided near the Day Homestead in Armada Township. The provisions of the settlers were almost consumed before any definite preparations were made to replenish their stores, so that many of them were driven to experience most terrible anxieties, if not actual want. At length the worst fears of the people were realized. There was notliing to feed the many hungry mouths, except that which a small piece of ripening wheat on the Taylor farm jjromised. The settlers watched this field become golden under the summer sun ; but the necessity of the time prompted them to outdo nature herself; and so they cut down the semi-ripened wheat, let it hay in swaths, and turning it day after day before the sun, succeeded in drying the grain. This much accomplislied the wheat was thrashed, and the grain distributed among the waiting neighbors. One of the farmers loaded his wagon with the grist sacks of the people, and went forth to the mill at Stoney Creek, via the blazed trail, expecting to return on Friday night, or at furthest on Saturday morning. An accident, however, set all his plans at nought. Mrs. Ira Phillips, who relates the incident, states that the messenger was exjjected to return by Friday night, or Saturday morning at the farthest. Friday niglit came, yet no tidings of him was heard. All through the following Saturday anxious eyes looked forward along the trail ; anxious ears listened for the rumbling noise of the pioneer wagon. Tlie last morsel of food was eaten, his arrival alone could dissipate the darkening cloud which hung over the people, could avert the horrors of starvation. But yet no tidings of him who went to mill were heard. When the sun arose on the Sabbath morning, Mrs. Phillips arranged her house as usual, then lapsed into that silent mood which precedes despair. She took a seat before the open door, where she was soon joined by her two little boys, each clamoring for something to eat. The woman wept ; she thought to bury her face in her hands, and thus hide her sorrows from the youths, but the trickling tears told their young hearts that mother's heart was bowed with anguish, that fears for her little ones were upper- ,L HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. most in her mind. The occasion was full of instruction ; the boys ceased repining, and played, as was their wont under brighter circumstances, but their merry gambols appeared rather artful than natural. The parents saw and noted all this, and felt doubly sorrowful. At this moment, when the woman's heart beat slowest, she summoned courage to look forth into the forest, when to her joy she beheld a deer standing quietly opposite the open door. She turned to her husband, saying in a subdued tone, " Ira look ! " The man raised his weary V)ody from the chair, took down the fowling piece from its place, fired, and the most beautiful of forest animals lay dead in his track. This appearance of the deer at that moment, and the ease with which the hunter killed him, seemed to partake of some supernatural character. Providence directed the proceedings, and loaned a new spirit to the pioneer parents and their little ones. Later in the day the messenger returned from the mill with the grist ; the darkest hour was with the past, and where gaunt famine threatened on the morning of that Sabbath, peace and plenty shed their rays in the evening. The story was related to the writer by E. F. Sibley, of Armada. THE POLITICAL TURN-COAT. During the campaign of 1844, James Parker was expected to vote the Free Soil ticket in the local elections. He promised James Thurston to vote in accord- ance with iiis wishes, wliich were decidedly those of James G Birney, the Presi- dential candidate. On the day of election, Parker voted for Henry Clay, contrary to the expectations of his friends. On returning to his home that night, one of his sons got hold of his coat, turned it completely, and then placed it on the hook where the old man was accustomed to liaug it. Next morning the owner put on this coat hurriedly, and went to work. After a little time he noticed the change, and, asking his family what was the matter, was informed that he came home in that style from Romeo the night previous, and that he must have his coat turned during the election. The old man saw the point, very j^Iainly. Shortly after this a poem appeared on the subject from the pen of Joseph Thurston, each stanza of which ended with the telling line, When he got home his coat was turned. inwood's bear hunting. It is related of Uncle William Inwood, that on one occasion, while traveling through the wilderness accompanied by a few neighbors, he roused a bear fi'om her lair. The animal had two cubs in charge, and was not at all disposed to seek a quarrel with her enemies ; so to Inwood's great relief slie sought refuge in a large tree and remained there surveying the new settlers of her old domain, determined only to guard her cubs. After a little while this old settler and his friends became sufficiently cool to take in the situation. The party was unprovided with a gun ; HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. but to meet this want one of them ran toward his home with the object of procuring one. On his way he shouted vociferously, and succeeded in getting out all the lai'ge and small boys of the settlement. They left him to look after the gun, and were soon at the scene of action. Tiiere they found Mr. Inwood, the bear, and Mr. In- wood's comrades. The big boy arrived with the gun. Uncle Inwood took the responsibility of charging the destructive weapon ; but in his hurry beat down the bullet first, and then learned for the first time that there was no powder. He des- patched the big boy for powder ; the messenger was faithful ; the powder was brought, a charge was placed in the gun, and everything made ready for an assault on the position lield by the bear. Mr. Inwood took deliberate aim, pulled the trig- ger; and wondered "why the animal didn't go off." He forgot all about the first bullet. However on being reminded of the fact that he had hitherto beaten a bullet into the rifle, he cast the piece away as useless, and prepared to i-eturn to his home. " Not yet. Uncle Inwood," said one of the boys, " you were saying just awhile ago if the powder was not brought quickly you would climb into the tree and have a tustle with the bear jjourself." "Now Uncle Inwood," said another, "you must carry out your promise. You said if the boy didn't come quickly with the powder, you would climb into the tree and knock the bear down." Mr. Inwood could not tolerate the taunting of the Washington boys any longer, so he began to ascend the tree. In a little while he approached Bruin. The latter growled, just allowed Uncle Inwood to see his teeth, and in another little while the gallant forester began to descend that tree with lightning rapidity. On reaching firm earth he saw the boys make sundry grimaces. " Why," said one of them, "I thought you would knuckle down to Bruin." " Ah" responded Uncle Inwood, " I'll go 'ome fur my hold jacket first." The boys and neighbors saw the joke, and were so occu- pied in attentions to him who was retreating in such good order, that they per- mitted Bruin to elope with her cubs unharmed. A BEAR IN BRUCE. A year after the settlement of the Killam family in Bruce, P. C. Killam was engaged on his land near Tremble Mountain, when he saw a large brown bear ap- proaching. The farmer called his dogs, and with the assistance of Harvey Reed succeeded in treeing the animal. Ira Killam was then sent for the rifle. During his absence Bruin seemed to understand the designs of his new neighbors, and made an effort to escape, but owing to the steepness of the hill, he was unable to make headway against the dogs, and less against the continued stoning to which he was subjected by the men. Three times the king of the Michigan wilderness descended only to be met by blows and bites, and driven back to his refuge in the tree. The rifle was brought forward at length, and the sufferings of Bruin were ended forever. 4>t HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. NOAH WEBSTER AJSfD THE BEAR. In the year 1826 or there about Noah Webster was living at " The Branch " as the place since known as "Gray's mill" was called and run a saw mill. Mrs. Web- ster one day drove a bear up a tree on the flats near the mill and watched him till her husband and some of the neighbors came to her relief. They then built a fire about the foot of the tree to keep Bruin from coming down upon them too suddenly. Webster had a gun of the flint lock kind and the flint was of no use as it would not strike fire. But the gun was produced and loaded, and Mr. Webster aimed it at the bear, and when he said "ready " some one touched it off with a fire-brand. Four or five shots were thus discharged which severely wounded the game but did not bring him down. Then Mr. Webster ran to the clearing, climbed on a stump and shouted "A bear!" "A bear!" The neighbors heard and thought he said " a fire !" " a fire ! " and that the gun had been firing as an alarm, so tliey ran with pails all out of breath to extinguish the flames. Reuben R. Smith came up with two pails, and they laughed at him for coming to kill a bear with a pail in each hand but he looked long and sharply up the tree and exclaimed " Yes he is up there I can see his tail hanging down!" Among the rest who came to put out the fire was a hunter who brought along his gun and tlie wounded bear was soon brought down and skinned, and his meat went in chunks around the neighborhood for the comfort of those who were out of meat. While dressing it they often asked Reuben " where that part was which he saw hanging down," to which he had little to say. The country was soon cleared up, and bears, wolves and Indians sought the more unsettled regions, but this little incident is kept in the memories of those still liv- ing who participated in it, as a remembrance of the brave days of old. pinch's wolf hunting. A hunter named Finch caught a wolf in a trap on what was known as the Thurston Fort, and for some reason desired to take him home alive. The wolf was extremely quiet and docile, yet he secured his head and jaws with strips of bark, winding it over and over again until the animal's head resembled that of a prize fighter after a star engagement. He removed the traps, tied the wolf to a small pole, and started for the clearing. When he came in sight of the open fields the wolf refused to be led in this way ; the bands about his head showed alarming signs of inconstancy, and his teeth began to chatter in a most sociable as well as sugges- tive way. With his eyes fixed on the wolf and pushing on the pole to keep him at a respectable distance, the hunter and his captive went round and round, with the pole between them, eying each other very suspiciously. At last the bands gave way and the wolf took his leave in the most informal manner. -V -^ HISTORT OF MACOMB COUNTY. THE TBAGIC END OP A WOLF. Erastus Day, one of the first settlers in the eastern part of Armada, was also one of the first to take sheep to that part ; having a few sheep to increase as his cleared acres increased. He kept them in a stockade, made of palings, close by the barns ; but one night he forgot to enclose them in the yard. That night a wolf se- lected three of the best for his own use. Ira Phillips killed this wolf shortly after, and with tlie l)Ounty purchased a silk dress for Mrs. Phillips. AN ORDERLY RETREAT. Luke Fisher, who had settled in the northern part of Bruce, started home from Romeo, just at dusk, carrying a piece of meat given by some friend. Think- ing he should be waited upon by wolfish company, he halted to cut a stout green stick. Before long he heard the well-known whine in his rear, which announced the approach of his company, and accelerated his speed. He grasped his stick more firmly and sped on. The wolves gained rapidly, and were soon so near that he could hear their steps upon the leaves and the gnash of their teeth. Turning upon them he would shout and flourish his stick in their faces, thus checking their course, and then turn and press on toward home. He increased his speed, held the meat, and when he reached his cabin-door they were just at his heels. The wolves of this locality were very small and seldom did any damage save in the most cowardly manner. A few sheep and now and then a hog would be abducted when it could be done in a sneakish way, but the human arm and the human voice kept them in a wholesome fear. MAKING SUGAR AMONG THE WOLVES. William Baker, who moved into the Townsliip of Ray, in 1828, tapped several hundred maple trees the following spring, and commenced tlie work of sugar- making. There soon followed a remarkable flow of sap, and as no help was at hand. Baker, in gathering in the sap by day, and boiling by night, soon became exhausted to such an extent, that he declared he could stand it no longer, as he could not keep awake, and the sap must go to waste. Mrs. Baker says, " I will go and boil one night, and let you sleep." Baker would not consent at first, but at last said, " You may go and boil till midnight if you will take James for comj^any." James was their son, then five years of age. The woman took the boy and going to the maple forest began operations. James soon fell asleep, when Mrs. Baker laid him on a blanket beneath a tree and continued the work ; soon after dark the wolves began to appear about the boiling-place ; their soft feet could be heard pattering upon the leaves ; their eyes shining in the darkness, and the chatter of their teeth sounding upon the still night air. The brave woman kept on her work of replenishing the fires and keeping a sharp eye, lest the ferocious brutes should :±. HISTORY OF MAC05IB COUNTY. dart in and seize the sleeping child. To avert this she kept the long-handled dip- per in the boiling sap, ready to "sprinkle them with a hot shower-bath, if they should come too near. This continued for an hour or two when the pack disap- peared and came no more. THE YELLOW CAT OF RICHMOND. Alex. Beebe, of Richmond, was much annoyed, in the olden time, by a num- ber of cats, which were accustomed to assemble round his premises. One night he determined to annihilate the whole tribe, and, accordingly armed himself with a rifle. He crept noiselessly towards the cats' meeting-place, fired, and returned to his room with the consolatory information, that he had given the old yellow cat " Hail Columbia." Next morning Mrs. Beebe went forth to collect the culinary utensils, when to her surprise she found a large hole in the bright brass kettle. After a thoughtiul examination, she went into the house, and broached the subject to Alexander, when the following dialogue took place : — 3Irs. B. — Look here. Alec. Look at the brass kettle, with these holes in it ! Alec. — How came that kettle all smashed to pieces ? That kettle cost two dollars ! Mrs. B. — You tell — I don't know nothing about it ! Alec. — Where did it sit ? Mrs. B. — Out in the yard, not far from the house. Alec — (Cutely). — Did you see anything of the okl yellow cat lying there? Mrs. B. — No, and I think there has been none lying there. Alec. — Then I must have taken that brass kettle for that yellow cat. Mrs. B. — Of course you must, and you never in the night knew the difference between a yellow cat and a brass kettle. In this manner the yellow cat of Richmond escaped. In this quiet, sincere style, the old people of Macomb acknowledged their little errors. THE BUILDING OP THE SHIP " HARRIET." The following account of the first lake boat built at Mount Clemens, which was built by Isaac Russ for Christian Clemens in 1820-2, was prepared by Edgar Weeks from facts furnished to him by old settlers. Where stands Mr. Golby's present residence, stood in those days a log house, and the same remark is true of Czizek's residence. On the road or then open lot, between those log houses, the stocks were put up and the ship was built. After a considerable time spent in building, the boat was ready for the launch, when lo ! it had never suggested itself to the minds of the builders that it was a long distance to the river, and that there was a precipitous bank at the foot of that street. Nothing daunted, however, every man and Indian for miles around, who owned a yoke of oxen or a pony, was HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. summoned to assist at the launch ; long ways were constructed, six yoke of oxen and twenty-four horses attached, and the ship moved toward the river. It was impossible to launch her at the foot of that street, so around the corner of the Flumer store they attempted to go, but alas, the boat slipped off the ways, and was almost hopelessly stuck in the sand. But this disaster only nerved the spirits of the builders. With fresh vigor they set to work ; all the soft-soap tubs of the vil- lage were emptied, and the contents brought into requisition. Again the vessel, after prodigies of patience and strength had been exhausted, was placed upon her ways; she slipped arouud the corner, the cattle strained and tugged, the men cheered, and the Indians looked on with no little awe. The shij) finally reached the destined launching place — at tlie foot of Market Street — the last soft soap of the village was called into requisition, and the vast hulk glided into the river. Instead of righting and swinging to her place, however, her prow was stuck in the mud at the bottom of the stream. After a little the vessel was got out, however, and with due ceremony was christened the Harriet, in honor of our respected townswoman, now Mrs. Harriet Lee. This vessel soon afterwards made a trip up the lakes to Mackinac and the Sault Saint Marie, whereupon a strange adventure befell her and those on board. The ship was freighted with a number of private troops and officers who were aware of the tedious trip before them. -We infer from the sequel some one got drunk, also extremely careless. At any rate the compass fell overboard and sank to the liottom of the lake ! The boat was then some fifty miles up Lake Huron. The captain, McPherson, was a good navigator, but did not dare to risk the voyage without a compass. After inducing a passing vessel to hang out a liglit for him at night and permit him to trail along in its wake, the Harriet was sailed hull down so soon and left so far in tiie rear, that the captain announced his intention of coming to anchor immediately and going ashore. Spite of protestations this he did. Pro- curing a pony of some Indians, he started alone, overland through wood and thicket, and came to Detroit, where he obtained another compass. Taking passage in another vessel he rejoined his own, still at anchor in Lake Huron, hoxed his compass in the nautical and actual sense of the term, weighed anchor, and prosecuted his voyage to a successful issue. JACOB A. CRAWFORD AND THE SPECULATOR. Shortly after this pioneer located his first eighty acres in Ray Township, and erected his log house thereon, he received a visit from a land speculator. This shark was all business, aud relying upon his own energy was not shy to make known to Mr. Crawford his business to this district. He asked the pioneer to accompany liim through the lands adjacent, to which the latter consented. He had rr? ox HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the double object in view of taking the land shark through the lowland or marshes on the eighty adjoining his own, so that Mr. Speculator would not covet the little property, particularly as it was the settler's desire to acquire it for himself. The journey was accomplished, when, to the surprise of Mr. Crawford and his wife, the man from Detroit stated that he would purchase all the land in the immediate neighborhood including the very acres on which Mr. Crawford had set his thoughts. The old settler remonstrated : " Why, Mr. Speculator," said he, "you don't intend to buy the next eighty. I want that." " Oh, that's all right, Mr. Crawford," said the traveler, " but you must re- member the old motto of Uncle Samuel — '■first here, first served.' " This brought a cloud to the settler's face for a moment, which gave place to a look of resignation. Conversation grew dull, and the speculator signified his desLre to go to rest. After the shark retired, Crawford remarked to his wife : " I'll take an hour's rest, and then start for Detroit to outwit our visitor." " Why," said the woman, " that man has a smart pony, and you have only oxen. If he finds you are gone he will overtake and outwit you." " I'll start to-night on foot and reach the Detroit Land Office before him," replied the settler. This resolution made, he took one hour's sleep, rose quietly, and started on foot for Detroit. He proceeded expeditiously until a point south of Mt. Clemens was reached, where he sprained his ankle. Unconquered by fatigue and this acci- dent, he cut down two saplings which he used as crutches and pushed forward on his journey. The next day, while within six miles of Detroit, near a tavern, then located on the trail, he saw a horseman coming after him. He knew him to be no other than his friend, the speculator. Entering the forest, he allowed his guest of the former night to pass, then casting away his crutches he pushed forward to De- troit, saw that the horseman was in the tavern, and taking an unfrequented path, passed the house unnoticed. The denouement was happy in the extreme. The settler reached the Land Office, purchased the much prized eighty, together with eighty acres more for his cousin, David Crawford, paid the amount claimed, re- ceived his certificate, and was in the act of leaving the office, when the speculator entered. After an interchange of salutations, Crawford remarked : " Mr. Specu- lator, you remember Uncle Samuel's motto — first here, first served.'' The Detroit man remembered it. LEISURE HOURS IN PIONEER TIMES. Public disputations and random discussions on election days were warmly en- gaged in by the older men sometimes till they became quite personal. Among the younger ones, feats of physical strength and agility drew the crowds ; com- petitive running, wi-estling, jumping, etc., were the order of the day, and the vic- tors were held in honor by admiring friends. Such days availed for the transaction ^ AJ^— ^ : ^ "JJ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. of all sorts of business, and superseded the old time fairs of England and our trades rooms, gold rooms, Ijoards of trade and chambers of commerce. Buying, selling, swapping, and trafficlcing of all sorts were in order. Everybody gave heed to the advantages wliieh township gatherings offered. Bent on having a good time, the services of good story-tellers were always in requisition, and all sorts of merriment found place. The story of Squire Tackles and old John Soules affords demonstration of all this. It was in the early times when Bruce was yet unnamed and joined with Wash- ington, then called the Fourth Town, men were gathered from great distances. These two men were there and in their respective districts were noted for their inherent aversion to all sorts of physical exertion, a characteristic evident to their friends and frankly acknowledged by themselves. At length a mirthful discussion sprang up as to which was the lazier of the two. The conflict ended as such matters frequently do, in betting. But who should determine? It was finally agreed that each should tell his own story, and the one who established himself as the lazier man, should have the stakes. By lot it fell to Soules to tell his storj' first. He did it, and did it well. It seemed as though no chance remained for Tackles. Tiie crowd awaited his effort in breathless silence. Finally he slowly drew himself up, in an indolent sitting position, looked languidly and solemnly around upon the gazing crowd, then lifted, witii great effort, one foot upon the other knee, and finally spoke in a lazy, drawling accent, thus : " I'd rather lose the stakes than tell how lazy I am!" and again he lapsed into insensibility, while all the witnesses shouted long and loud and voted him the victor. NUPTIAL FEASTS IN EARLY TIMES. The festivities attendant on the union of two souls in pioneer days, formed a great attraction. There was no distinction of classes, and very little of fortune, which led to marriages from the first impressions of that queer idea called love. The family establishment cost but a little labor — nothing more. The festivities generally took place at the house of the bride, and to her was given the privilege of selecting the Justice of Peace or clergyman whom she wished to officiate. The wedding engaged the attention of the whole neighborhood. Old and young, within a radius of many miles, enjoyed an immense time. On the morning of the wedding day, the groom and his intimate friends assembled at the housej,of ^his fatlier, and after due preparation set out for the home of his girl. This journey was sometimes made on horseback, and sometimes on the old time carts of the earl}- settlers. It was always a merry tour, made so by the bottle which cheers for a little time, and then inebriates. On reaching the house of the bride, the marriage ceremony was performed, and then the dinner or supper was served. After this 0 ' ® . "^-^^^ ^=^ k. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. meal, the dancing commenced, which was allowed to continue just so long as anyone desired to step jauntily about to the music of the disti'ict violinist. The figures of the dance were three or four handed reels, or square sets and jigs. So far the whole proceedings were, in the language of our modern aesthetic girls, too utterly utter. The commencement was always a square four, followed by what pioneers called jigging — that is, two of the four would single out for a jig, and their exam- ple followed by the remaining couple. The jigs were often characterized by what was called the cutting out, that is, when either of the parties became tired of the dance, on intimating a desire to retire, his place was supplied by one of the company, without interrupting the dance for a moment. In this way the reel was continued until the musician himself was exhausted. About nine or ten o'clock in the evening, a deputation of young ladies abducted the bride, as it were, and placed lier in her little bed. In accomplishing this they had usually to ascend a ladder from the kitchen to the upper floor. Here in this simple pioneer bridal chamber the young simple-hearted girl was put to bed by her enthusiastic friends. This done a deputation of young men escorted the groom to the same apartment, and placed him snugly by the side of his bride. Meantime the dance continued. If seats were scarce, which was generally the case, every young man when not engaged in the dance, was obliged to offer his lap as a seat for one of the girls — an offer sure to be accepted. During the night's festivities spirits were freely used, but seldom to great excess. Tlie infair was held on the following evening, when the same order of exercise was observed. EVENING VISITS. The evening visits were matters long to be remembered. The chores of the day performed, it was common for tlie farmer to yoke his cattle, hitch them . to a sleigh, and drive the whole family over the snow covered land to the fireside of some well-known friend many miles distant. Perhaps by agreement several families met, and then were there such chattering of politics, of live stock affairs, of tradings made or prospective, in fact of the past, present and future. There were all those interesting matters of household care and labor as held the mothers in breathless, but rapid conversation. The shying and blushing of the older girls, because some boys, just about as hig were there ; the nervous pinching of fingers and pulling of coat tails, told plainly that big boys too were ill at ease ; boys and girls were bashful, blushing creatures in those olden days. In the back room how the little folks did play blind- man's-buff, how they were joined by their seniors, and how the game went on until supper was announced at about the hour before midnight. Such setting out of all the substantials would be a sight to-day. Then came the sauces of all sorts, the -® V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. pies and cakes, and cookies, and honey, till all cried enough. Then came the counter invitations, the good-bys and leave-takings, after every and all approved styles. This performed the guests started for home to enjoy sleepiness and slight headaches the next day. Those were good old times. Social life at that day was eminently sincere. LUMBERING IN EARLY DAYS. Life in the lumber woods is, perhaps, the most peculiar feature connected with the lumber trade. Although lumbering operations virtually ceased in Macoml) County so early as the pioneer times, it is well to revert in these pages, to that period in the county's history, when its forests disappeared befoi-e the shanty-man s ax, when the very tree which added grace to the wilderness, was sent forward on its course of utility. The first party of shanty-men usually went out in November. So soon as frost set in, the men located a site for their shanty, as nearly as possible, in the center of the lot upon which their winter's labors were to be carried on, always taking care to select a dry knoll in the immediate vicinity of a spring, lake, or brook. Here they constructed a log-house, and cut a road to the nearest stream on which the logs were to be floated down. This log-house was sufficiently large to accommo- date from ten to twenty men. In the center of this rude dwelling a raised fire- place was built, under the apex of the roof, which apex let out the smoke, and let in the sunlight and the rain. The work of log-cutting began so soon as the road was completed, and the ground hard enough to haul the logs — usually early in December — and continued until the ice broke up in spring. The choppers began work at dawn of day, and continued until the sun went down, after which the hardy foresters sped to their log-house, eat a rude and hearty meal, smoked their pipes, played euchre, related stories, and sometimes organized a quadrille party — the evening's entertainment continuing until about nine o'clock, when all retired to well-earned sleep. Seldom or never was intoxicating drink introduced, as the trader was never allowed to bring in whisky, and when smuggled the men had no money to pay for it, as their contract was to be paid at the close of their engage- ment, the employer supplying food and other necessaries in the interim. The deli- cacies of their table consisted of wild game, which the shanty-men themselves might kill. The morale of the men was equally as good as that of the average rover; they were very far from being saints ; yet they possessed many good qualities, which compensated for the want of a few. They were gregarious in their habits ; in cutting trees they went in pairs, and few of them were willing to live in separate huts or away from the camp. They slept along the sloping side of the log-house with their heads toward the walls, and their feet toward the great fire, which was kept burning continually. As a rule those sons of the forest dispensed with pray- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ers and preaching, and scarcely were aware of the Sabbath. A few had books, but the taste for reading was not by any means general, as their spare time was devoted to mending clothes, sharpening axes, with the few amusements already referred to. The men were always healthy and full of animal spirit, seldom required medical aid, or needed any of the medicine which the employer provided in cases of illness. With the growth of the industry the condition of the shanty man has much improved. He of to-day is morally superior to him of the past, and physically his equal. SEASONS OF SICKNESS. Among the numerous troubles which the pioneers and old settlers of Macomb had to encounter was the common ague, generated by miasms arising from the low lands along the shore of the lake, and from the decaying vegetable matter in the swales of the interior and along the Reviere aux Hurons. This disease, known also as the chills and fever, formed, as it were, a stumbling-block in the way of progress, and one of the great arguments presented by the traders against the settlement of the district by the American pioneers. The disease was a terror to the people who did make a settlement here. In the fall of the year every one was ill — every one shook, not hands as now ; but the very soul seemed to tremble under the effects of the malady. Respecting neither rich nor poor, it entered summarily into the sys- tem of the settlers, and became part and parcel of their existence — all looked pale and jrellow as if frost-bitten. It was not literally contagious ; but owing to the diffusion of the terrible miasma, it was virtually a most disagreeable, if not dangei"- ous, epidemic. The noxious exhalations of the lake shore and inland swamps continued to be inhaled or aljsorbed from day to day, until the whole body became charged with it as with electricity, and then the shock came. This shock was a regular shake — a terrific shake, with a fixed beginning and ending, coming on each day or alternate day with an appalling regularity. After the shake came the fever, and this last phase of the disease was even more dreaded than the first. It was a burning hot fever lasting for hours. When you had the chill you could not become warm, and when you had the fever you could not get cool — it was simply a change of terrific extremes. Tliis disease was despotic in every respect. If a wedding occurred in the family circle, it was sure to attack a few, if not all, of those participating in the festivities. The funeral processionists shook, as they marched to some sequestered spot to bury their dead friend. The ague common had no respect for Sunday or holidays. Whether the people were engaged in the saci-ed, profane, or ridiculous, ague came forward to the attack, and generally succeeded in prostrating its victims. After the fever subsided you felt as if you were some months in the Confed- w inSTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. erate hotels, known as Andersonville and Libhy prisons, or as if you came within the influence of some wandering planet — not killed outright, but so demoralized that life seemed a burden. A feeling of languor, stupidity, and soreness took possession of the body — the soul herself was sad, and the sufferer was driven to ask himself the question : — What did God send me here for, anyway? Your back was out of fix, your appetite crazy, your head ached, and your e3'es glared. You did not care a straw for yourself or other people, or even for the dogs, which looked on you sympathetically. The sun did not shine as it used to, — it looked too sickly by half, — and the moon, bless your soul ! — the sufferer never ven- tured to look at hira — but rather wished for the dissolution of himself, the sun, moon, earth, and stars. DEATH OF AL ANSON CHURCH. Early in the history of Macomb County a man by the name of Austin Day settled in the northwest portion of Armada township, and cleared a farm of 125 acres of land. He was a man of fair intelligence and steady habits, and for many years kept his own " shantee" and had but little intercourse with the neighbors by whom he was surrounded. In his dealings he soon began to exhibit signs of aberra- tion of mind, which grew into insanity. This waS at first noticeable in his ideas of religion. He believed that he was surrounded by evil spirits which at times led him astray, and caused him to seek public confessions by posting by the roadside such notices as the following : " I Austin Day, confess that I have sinned b}' again mingling with evil spirits." " Show pity Lord — oh Lord ! forgive, Let a repenting rebel live." He would at times manifest symptoms of a bad temper, especially toward his cattle and horses, and sometimes threatening those with whom he had dealings. Later he became possessed witli the notion that all the State of Michigan, and other States, had been deeded to him and would call upon different settlers to give up the deeds which tiiey had stolen, and in many instances warned farmers to remove from their homes as he wished to occupy them, before a set date. Impressed with this idea of ownership, he refused to pay his taxes, and allowed his stock to be levied upon and sold by the collector. He also had serious difficulties with persons who did for him any work, and bills of this kind had to be collected by the aid of law. His threats at length began to be noticed in the neighborhood, and men began to say he was not a safe man to be at large. He was often heard to say that he would be doing God service if he should kill such or such a one. Living about two miles off, was a man named Alanson Church, who made it a part of his business to dig wells for the farmers of the place, and had windlass, tubs, and other tools adapted 1) 1^ ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. to tliat purpose. Mr. Day, needing to deepen and restone a well at his house, bor- rowed the tools of Church to do the work, with such help as he could hire. These tools he kept for some weeks, and did not find any one to help him about the work. At length Church, having begun to dig a well on the adjoining farm of Erastus Day, needed the tools and procured the team and a hired man of Mr. Day, to aid him in getting them. On reaching the place and applying for the tools, Austin Day refused to give them up, stating that Church owed him a certain amount, and he was keeping the tools till that should be paid. Hot words followed, and Austin who had his gun, pointed it at Church and pulled the trigger, but the cap did not explode. Austin then retired into the house, and Church followed him, saying to the hired man " we must take away his gun." He went to the door and pushed it open, when Austin met him, having put a new cap, and fired, the ball taking effect in Church's breast, and passing through the lungs. Church staggered but did not fall. The man had run down the road in fright, leaving the team which Austin un- hitched and started after him. Church started after the team, falling and rising again ever}' few rods. The man seeing there was no danger soon returned and helped Church on the wagon and drove to Erastus Day's where he soon died. Austin at once began to fortify himself in his house and to provide against arrest. Two constables were procured from Romeo, and after a severe struggle he was overcome. During the melee Mr. Eggleston, one of the constables, caught hold of Austin's gun which he held in his hands, and fired it off, the contents unfortunately, taking effect in the arm of John P. Smith, his comrade, entering at the wrist and plowing its way to the elbow. This mishap came near being disastrous to the two men, as Day was a heavy and powerful man. He was, however, soon overcome and bound and taken to the county jail. At the next session of court he had his trial) was pronounced insane and was sent to the New York State Asylum, where he died in 1876. The crime was committed in 1864. Mr. Day was married early in life and had one child. He was a native of New York. A PIONEEK LAWYER. Alex. OTveefe, mentioned among the names of the pioneer lawyers, of Macoml), was one of these erratic genii who are met at long intervals. He arrived at Detroit about the year 1819, chuck full of Anglo-Irish law, and still more replete in Celtic wit. From a scrap in possession of the writer, it is learned that he was a man possessing a very liberal education, a tliorough-hred lawyer, and a stranger to tem- perance. His drinking bouts were frequent — often continuing for weeks. He be- came acquainted with Judge Bunce, referred to in the pioneer reminiscences, and through the judge's influence was elected Pros. Attorney of St. Clair Co. While visiting Mr. Bunce, on one occasion, he expressed a wish to represent St. Clair in ^ ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the Legislative Council. He stated publicly that the judge was favorable to his- candidature, a statement doubted by the leading men of the county. Shortly after this O'Keefe visited St. Clair, and introduced the object of his visit by saying, that he had resolved to abstain entirely from drink, and vt^ould make the county his home. Very few believed the counsellor. " Relying upon this reformation, and my own abilities, I come to offer myself as a candidate to represent vSt. Clair in our Legislative Council," continued O'Keefe. " Very good," replied one of the persons addressed, " I am glad to hear of your proposed reformation, and as to your abilities, no one who has known you or met you can doubt them. Come and make your home among us for one year, — give us proof of your reformation, and there is not the least doubt of obtaining the support of the people. To be candid. Counsellor, I must insist on one year's reformation before I can give you my support." O'Keefe heard the language of common sense in silence, then grew angry and roared at his friendly advisor, — Sir, I wish you to know that I was educated at two of the best seminaries in England, and I was bred at the Irish Bar, and sir, I can write your governor down." Then there was silence for a moment, until James Wolverton remarked, " Counsellor, you remind me of the calf which sucked two cows." " Indeed, what of that, sir," responded O'Keefe. " Nothing in particular," said Wolverton," only it is said the more he sucked, the larger he grew." O'Keefe admired the witticism, and then settled down to discuss the subject calmly, and after going into the merits of Judge Bunce's friendship, wic lawyer said — " well, boys, I shall cast myself upon the mercy of the Lord." In the case of the Fort Gratiot murder, O'Keefe drew up the bill against the soldier cliarged with the offense. He practiced in the courts of Macomb and St. Clair un- til the year 1830. CHESTERFIELD IN EARLY DAYS. Fabien Jean was one of the earliest settlers along the shore of Lake St. Clair, in the Township of Chesterfield. He settled on the present homestead before the State was admitted into the Union as a State. The road at that time was a mere trail following the shore from Detroit to Fort Gratiot, through heavy timbered land. Mr. Jean's home was open to all, at all hours of the day and night; to this day there are no locks to the doors. White men of redskins were at all times received with a cordial welcome. Many are the incidents that pertained to pioneer life in which he participated, connected with the Indians, as his land joined the Indian Reserva- tion on tlie N. W. On one occasion some twelve or fifteen Indians came to the house all more or less under the influence of liquor. They demanded of liim more wliisky. He said no ; that they had had enough ; that they were too noisy. The Indians said that they would have it if they had to kill him. He said to them that he was ready to die, and that they would all die too ; that the great Lord would V^" — ^ :iL HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. take care of him, and that the great devil would take them. Taking a brand of fire fiom the chimney, and pointing to a powder keg, saying, This is a keg of pow- der, I will drop the fire into it and it will blow us all up, me to the great Lord, you to the great devil, who will keep you in a great fire ; they all exclaimed, do not do it ; we will go away. So they did. To show the disadvantages that the pioneer had to contend with, Jean related some of the trips that had to be made. To obtain groceries and clothing it was nec- essary for the pioneer to go to Pontiac or Detroit. It will be remembered that Pontiac was formerly in this county, that at that time a man by the name of Clem- ens kept a few articles for sale, at what is now the city of Mt. Clemens; for the tootliache one had to go to Detroit to have it extracted. In 1842 Mr. Jean died. The funeral procession left the house in canoes, and conve3'ed the corpse to the burying ground on the Clinton River, there being no wagon-road at that time. Another incident with the Indians, was that about dark eight or ten Indians came to the house and wanted to stay all night. They were most all intoxicated and Mr. Jean was afraid that they might do some mischief during the night, so he prepared a place for them to sleep on tlie bank of a creek near by, taking care to have them all lie side by side. After they fell into a deep sleep, he took a cord and fastened all their legs together, so that if one awoke he would wake the rest and make a noise, which would warn him at the house. All went well until morning ; one on awaking, finding himself fast, commenced to yell. Soon Mr. Jean was at the scene and told them that it was he that tied them together, that he done it to save their lives, that he was afraid that some of them" might roll or get into the creek while intoxicated and get drowned, and the rest could not help. They said that it was good in him to care for them in that way. Hunting and fishing was in its glory in those days. Tlie hunter could get a deer or two almost any forenoon : once in a while a bear and a wolf. They have all receded before the sound of the pioneer's ax. MARRIAGE RECORD OF EARLY DAYS. The first marriage in the county among the American settlers may be said to be that of Richard Connor and the Indian captive — the daughter of Myers of Mary- land— whose father was killed by the savages on the Monongahela River in 1775, and herself with the other children carried into the wilderness of the West. This Richard Connor is supposed to have made a temporary settlement in Macomb so early as 1781, and shortly after married this child of the Indian camp. For many years succeeding this event, marriages were as scarce as the white settlers were few. The record of marriages since the organization of the county shows that fc HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. matrimony enjoyed a rare popularity throngliont ; though at intervals seasons of absolute dullness prevailed. This was particularly the case in 1836-7-8-9, when the financial crisis appeared to cast a peculiar gloom over every household, and even quench the fire of love in young and old. In 1840, our boys and girls re- covered from the fear or cowardice, which the panic years engendered, and hence- forth took courage to make the great venture of life. In many cases drink, ex- ti'avagance and folly have led to the dissolution of unions that gave high promises. However, when the great numbers of marriage contracts which have been faithfully carried out are compared with the small number of infelicitous marriages, there is every reason for congratulation on the part of the people. There are many peculiar, if not ludicrous, reminiscences associated with the matrimonial affairs of this as well as other counties in Michigan. In olden times men and women were not so precise in expression as are the people of our day, — they were not cute enough to avoid words and deeds which might afford subject for gossip to the village wags. High hopes, that burn like stars sublime, wei'e sup- posed to possess the heart of every lover, when the moment arrived for him to deposit a dollar-and-a-half with the county clerk, in payment for a public permit to marry the girl of his choice. He feels that he is sure of possessing the loveliest of her sex, and that in a few more days earth will not be big enough to contain the happiness of himself and his fair partner. Sometimes, however, he learns the point of the old French proverb : " Entre le main et la bouohe souvent se perd la soupe." A young man, who fondly imagined the pinnacle of happiness was about being reached, took out a marriage license on Christmas Day long, long ago. What subse- quently happened, how and why his hopes were shattered, how grief played upon his heart, and how his life became a burden, are set forth in the following wail, — the untutored eloquence of sorrow : — " To the County Clerk, Sir : — I will send you the license that you gave me to get married with and stat that I was not married for this reason, because the girl, whose name is on the paper went back on me because she could get annother feller his name ■ ■ send them so that you can give him a license for her but bee sure and get your fee for so doin. No more at present but believe me Yours most hart-broken levi. A score of letters equally ridiculous mark the early times in this county — all bearing testimony to broken hearts and false loves. In this history it would be impracticable to give a full record of matrimonial events ; however we will make mention of many of such happy unions effected between the date of the county's organization and 1838, arranging the list in the order of time. ^> IIISTOUY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 'lil^ Niimes of Contracting Parties. Date. Bv Wliom Married. John Warren— Mila Freeman. - Dec. 31, 1818.. Gideon Gates, J. P. Freeborn Moshier— Mary Cooper Oct. 16, 1S18 Gideon Gates, J. P. Cyreus A. Chipman— Mary Lanson. - Sept. 28, 1818 Gideon Gates, J. P. Sylvester Fincli— Almeda Webster..- June 4, 1818 ..Gideon Gates, J. P. A. McDougal— Eliza McGregor.. July 22, l8ig John K. Smith, J. P. Charles Stewart— Eliza Peck 1819. John K. Smith, J. P. John Rencillow— Barbara French Aug. 4, 1819 John K. Smith, J. P. Silas Miller— Agnes McDonald Dec. 23, 1S19 John K. Smitii, J. P. Baptiste Maure— Felici Geneau .Jan. 30, 182 1 Ph. Janvier, priest. Ezekiel Allen— Genevieve Russell .Dec. 2, 1S21 John Stockton, J. P. Joseph Geard— Marie Reine Pettit Nov. 10, 1S21 Ph. Janvier, priest. William Swift— Nancy Stanley Feb. 10, 1822.. John Stockton, J. P. Thomas Fowler— Mahaly Mou. Feb. 11, 1S22 John Stockton, J. P. John Miller— Harriet Gould... Jan. 9, 1S24 John Stockton, J. P. Alfred Ashley — Euphemia Atwood Jan. 24, 1S25 Henry Closson, J. P. Baptiste Blait— Felice Sene Feb. 14, 1825 L. Dejean, priest. Hyacmthe Charthier— Monique Boyd Feb. 8, 1825.. L. Dejean, priest. Tabor Willcox— Lucy P. Torrence .May 2, 1825 John Stockton, J. P. Hiram Atwood — Fanny Maria Cook May 30, 1825 Henry Closson, J. P. Silas Halsey— LucyCady.. May i, 1825 ..Henry Closson, J. P. Horace H. Cady — Susanna Connor June 9, 1825 John Stockton, J. P. Byrum Guerin— Mary Rowe ...June 10, 1825 ...John Stockton, J. P. Jean B.tpliste Maure — Eleanor Thebeau April 18, 1825 L. Dejean, priest. Smith H. Yancey— Mary Connor. July ig, 1S25 Henry Closson, J. P. JohnF. Cronk— Mary McCall Sept. 5, 1825 ..Elisha Harrington, J. P. Zephaniah Cambell— Betsey Smith Feb. 19, 1S27 Joseph Lester, J. P. Amasa Messenger— Sarah Squires ..March ii, 1S27. Joseph Lester, J. P. Richard Butler— Abigail Hayes.. Aug. I, 1827 John James, preacher. George Lee— Harriet Clemens .March 11, 1828 G. H. Caston, preacher. Ale.-cander Arnold— Wealthy Nichols ..Jan. 19, 1828... William Runnells, preacher. Daniel B. Nichols — Electa Lockwood. ..Feb. 15, 1828 .William Runnells. preacher. Washburne Blackmore- Lucy Hiskins. Dec. 25, 1827... James C. Edgerley, J. P. Syl. F. .\twood— Eliza Hill Feb. 22, 1829.- James C. Edgerley, J. P. Darius Lampson— Sarah Ann Connor April i, 1829 G. H. Caston, preacher, John Price— Rosannah Chandler April 19, 1829 Noah Webster, J. P. German Burges— Victoire Joilett Sept. 29, 1829 Harvey Cook, J. P. Joseph La Force — Archange Trombley... Oct. 30, 1S29 Robert P. Lewis, J. P. Valorous Maynard — Martha Ru,s Nov. 26, 1829 ..James C. Edgerley, J. P. Chauncy G. Cady— Catherine M. Gerty Nov. 12. 1829. flarvey Cook, J. P. George Price— Loreno Scott Dec. 27, 1829 Solomon Wales, J. P. Alfred Bachellor— Ladama Messenger. ...Jan. 21, 1830 ..Almon Mack, J. P. Luman Squiers— Rebecca Arnold Jan. 21, 1S30 Almon Mack, J. P. Milton H. Webster— Eliza Sessions. Jan. 8, 1S30 Noah Webster, J. P. Thomas Willett— Fanny Debater ...Jan. 2, 1S30 .Ezekiel Allen, J. P. Hiram Willcox — Jerusha Andrus Feb. 10, 1830. ..Curtiss Goodard, P. E. Rev. William T. Snow — Electa Chamberlin Feb. 17, 1830 Curtiss Goodard, P. E. Ethan Squiers— Lovina Huntley Feb. 23, 1830 A. Mack, J. P. Ezra B. Throop— Harriet Finch May 8, 1825 Gideon Gates, J. P. Alvin Nye — Lydia Price ...Jan. 29, 1826 Gideon Gates, J. P. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. )^. Names of Contracting Parties. Date. By Whom Married. William Nicholas — Betsy Sammons Sept. 17, 1826 Gideon Gates, J. P. Richard Elliott — Mary A. Hovey Jan. 14, i827.._ Gideon Gates, J. P. James Starkweather — Roxey Lesley Sept. 16. 1827 Gideon Gates, J. P. Benjamin Kittredge— Ester Moore. Jan. 24, 1827 Gideon Gates, J. P. Jonathan Johnson — Mary B. Marshall - July 20, 1828 Harvey Cook, J. P. Charles Mather — Abigail Haskins March i, 1830 Job C. Smith, J. P. Josiah A. Hamblin — Mary Ann King _ June 28, 1830 Noah Webster, J. P. William Canfield — Ann Clemens. May 13, 1830 Azra Brown, preacher. David Bolten — Lydia Inman April 21, 1830 John Norton, preacher. Seymour Arnold — Lydia Townsend ..April 18, 1830 John Norton, preacher. John D. Holland — Clarissa Hopkins Dec. 31, 182S Smith Weeks, preacher. Alva Arnold — Louisa Ruby..- June 3, 1S30 A. Mack, J. P. Ebenezer D. Mather — Lucy P. Willcox June 13, 1830 Job C. Smith. J. P. Jonas G. Cook— Eliza Osgood Aug. iS, 1831 Job C. Smith, J. P. Hiram Squires — Matilda Fowler Nov. 25, 1830 ._ Solomon Wales, J. P. Levi F. Tuttle— Susan Davis _.Mar. 28, 1831 Harvey Cook, J. P. Samuel H. Giles— Harriet Covell - April 6, 1831 Richard Butler, J. P. Alex. Atkins — Eliza D. Lewis.. June 29, 183 1 Richard Butler, J. P. Elisha Webster — Harriet Thompson Jan. 26, 183 1 Noah Webster, J. P. Apollo A. Fuller — Mary Howard Feb. 6, 183 1 Noah Webster, J. P. ElishaRice — Clarissa Haskins Jan. 16, 1831 Harvey Cook, J. P. Elijah Bacheller — Eunice Wales.. Jan. 27, 1831 Otis Lamb, J. P. James Collins — Anne Wells ....Dec. I, 1830 ..Alex Tackles, J. P. Mr. Bozeas — Felice Blait... June 30, 1831 Richard Butler, J. P. Capt. James C. Allen — Elizabeth Hayes ..Mar. i, 1S31 Arza Brome, M. G. John F. Hamlin — Laura Andrus Mar. 29, 183 1 Arza Brome, M. G. J. B. Sancea — Margt. Beaubien Feb. 15, 183 1 F. N. Badin, Priest. John Stewart — Emily Barber June 25, 1 83 1 B. N. Freeman. Samuel Boughton — Susanna Smith Aug. 23. I S3 1 John Stead, J. P. Nathan Rogers — Emeline Dudley Oct. 17, 1830 Abel Warren, M. G. Mathias Graves — Rosilla Ruby June 2, 183 1 Abel Warren, M. G. Charles Tubbs — Rachael Arnold April 10, 1831 Solomon Wales, J. P. Wm. C. Bolamin — Nancy Ellison Feb. 13, 1832 Abel Warren, M. G. Philo Gopt — Susanna Arnold Aug. 4, 1 831... Abel Warren, M. G. Tiel Brainard — Mary Brainard Nov. 27, 1831 ...Alex. Tackles, J. P. Nathan Rogers — Eliza Anne Parker Feb. 13, 1832 Abel Warren, M. G. Robert P. Eldredge — Louisa Crittenden .Oct. — , 1831 Richard Butler, J. P. James A. Wing — Juliana Lawson Sept. 22, 183 1 Abel Warren, M, G. James Allen — Lucinda Townsend Dee. 25, 1831 John Norton, M. G. Joseph Aldrich — Caroline Parker July 3, 1832 Noah Webster, J. P. — Thorp — Mary Jane Nicholls Jan. 22, 1 83 1 Abel Warren, M. G. Jonah Richardson — Rhoda Granger Jan. 12, 1832 Richard Butler, J. P. Caleb Carpenter — Matilda Freeman Nov. 14, 1831 L. Shaw, M. G. Henry Porter — Susan Stone Dec. 8, 1831 L. Shaw, M. G. Amon Baker— Eleanor Hopkins Dec. 13, 1 83 1 L. Shaw, M. G. Wm. Roy — Ann Connor May 25, 1832 Solomon Wales, J. P. Geo. Twell— Louisa Dudley Mar. 3, 1832.. Solomon Wales, J. P. Philander Ewell— Lydia Wells Oct. 13, 1S31 Solomon Wales, J. P. Wm. Arnold — Mary Squiers July 5,1831 .Solomon Wales, J. P. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Names ot Contracting Parties. Date. By Wliom Married. Isaac Hoard— Delilah Price _.. May 13, 1S32 Otis Lamb, J. P. Jolin Nicholas— Nancy Scratrton ._ May 13, 1832. Otis Lamb, J. P. Reus. Hollock—Phile Draper June 16, 1833 Noah Webster, J. P, John Nicholas— Louise Trevallian .- April 15, 1833..- Abel Warren, M. G. Payne K. Leech — Matilda Fuller _ April 25, 1833 Abel Warren, M. G. Zemrie Curtis— Amanda Locke - Nov. 11, 1833 _..Abel Warren, M. G. James P. Hooker— Thar. Allen Nov. 6, 1833 'Solomon Wales, J. P. Harley Brainard — Martha Leech May iS, 1833 Calvin Davis, J. P. Alonzo D. Youmans — Julia Ann Tubbs... Aug. 16, 1833 _ Wells Waring, J. P. Heil Preston — Lydia Goffman Sept. 29, 1833. -.Calvin Davis, J. P. Charles Chamberlain — Caroline Knapp Aug. g, 1S32 Calvin Davis, J. P. Nathaniel Garvin — Lydia Junman _.Nov. 20, 1S33 Abel Warren, M. G. Bingham Tubbs — Ruth A. Sorel Jan. 24, 1833 Abel Warren, M. G. Westley Hinman — Alice M. Connel _. July 10, 1S33 Elisha L. Atkins, J. P. H. Perkins— Sarah Ann Meek- - Nov. 28, 1S33 Richard Butler, J. P. James Williams— Delia Ann Cook Oct. 14, 1842.- Harvey Cook, J. P. Erastus Day— Catherine Smith Feb. 3, 1S33 L. Shaw, M. G. Wm. M. Leech — Clarissa Brainard.-- May 22, 1833 Calvin Davis, J. P. Hiram Atwood— Aurelia Ann Douglass July 7. iS33 Richard Butler, J. P. Sidney S. Hawkins— Elizabeth Clemens April 23, 1833. Henry Coldager, M. G. George Stead— Nancy Scott... .- March 16, 1S33 Solomon Wales, J. P. Robert Warren— Lois Wells Feb. 14, 1833.- Abel Warren, M. G. George Preastly — Sylvania Hoard -. Dec. 10, 1832 Calvin Davis, J. P. Anson Rawley— Susan Becroft- -- April 17, 1833 .-.Noah Webster, J. P. John Fairchild — Lucy C. Herriman April 9, 1833 Richard Butler, J. P. James C. Chase — Rachel Butterlield. Jan. 26, 1833 Richaid Butler, J. P. Hambleton Miller— Elizabeth Parks May 5,1833 -Abel Warren, J. P. Stephen Castle — Susan D. Shaw Mar. 13, 1S32 Alexander Tackles, J. P. H. M. Hopkins— Polly Price Oct. 3, 1832 -Alexander Tackles, J. P. Alvin Cleland— Harriet M. Wales. Dec. 5, 1832 Alexander Tackles, J. P. Otis W. Colton— Martha Fairchild Aug. 8, 1833 Harvey Cook, J. P. John M. Crawford— Polly Miller Aug. 19, 1.832 Noah Webster, J. P. James P. Keeler— Annie Arlanhand ..Oct. 30, 1833 Abel Warren, M. G. George Adair— Rebecca Madison Aug. 26, 1833.. .Abel Warren, M. G Lester Lamles—Lorina Phelps .July 2, 1833 W. Waring, J. P. Cornelius Bivens— Olive Tingley June 17, 1832 .Richard Butler, J. P. Alexander Atkins— Eliza D. Lewis May 29, 1831 Richard butler, J. P. George Stroup— Hannah Conklin Sept. 12, 1833 .Richard Butler, J. P. From February, 1834, to May, 1838, a period extending over four year, there were only 151 marriages effected in the county, as shown by the records. In dealing with those matrimonial events, it will be merely necessary to give the names of the contracting parties: William Allen to Pembina Scott Samuel Axford Summers P. Adams— M. Prentiss P. Allen— M. Russell E. Auscom — E. Fay H. Beebe— S. J. Hill S. S. Baxter — S. Holeman T. Bloss— M. D. Cusick A. H. Barlley — M. Dixon D. Bennett— A. Wolf William Brown — E. Lacox T. Blakeley- E. Brayord S. Bams — E. Hovev T. Hubbard— T. S.' Weeks E. Howard — N. Bolien HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ll^ M. W. Harrington — Miss Farns- worth E. C. Harriman — P. Huks J. Hall— B. Dailey "C. S. Snover — M. Jersey I.. Sole— S. Scott C. Chapel — A. Valentine D. Crawford — L. Fair E. Cooley— H. Willis A. Chortier — R. Dunphin T. Cherry— M. More L. Collins — B. Hodgen D. Cooley — C. Andrus A. Cherry — M. Myers D. Conklin— S. A. Stewart A. Conklin— H. Witt J. Connu — M. A. Funder J. M. Combs— M. Still ]. Crittenden — M. Dudley L. M. Collins— M. McKoon S. Chattrick — L. Lee I.. Chatfield— E. Fi^shbough E. Crampton — P. More C. Emerson — T- Slioles T.J. Ewell— E. Lamb H. T. Fox— Mary Avery J. Flynn — E. Ingiaham A. A. Fuller— A. Shattuck O. Fields— C. Fi,h J. Frost- L. Aldrich G. C. Fletcher— E. G. Hough A. Farr— M. Carl G. W. Fish— M. Brown M.Goalpin — M. Bennett S. W. G. Gerill— D. Allen William Goodrich — A. Chambers A. Ga!;non — M, Pheni.x Zera Gray— L. West fall T. C. Gallup— M. McChesney Noble G. Gunn— Sarah Miller J. C, Hinks— M. Clark H. Haskins— M. Greenley Joseph Hinks — J. Clark N. R. Holdridge— H. Hudson S. J. C. High— M. A. Olds M E. D. Haml.lin— T. Smith D, D. E. Haser— R. A. Jennison T. P. C. Hart— E. Leonard B. S. L. Hill— M. Chapel S. H. Harvey — H. Russ J. Thomas Hubble — .S. Pooley C. M. Haines — B. Dusing J. M. Johnson— P. Baldwin C. J. James — E. Watkins E. D.Jacox — H. Spaulding H. T. M. Kirkham— M. Hart C. C. Lufkins — S. Goodale T. M. Ivingsbury — E. Abernathy N. K. Kittridge— E. Wells E. J. Lockwcod — J. Tweedle E. N. Keeler— M. J. Bates W P. Mitter— L. Ashley W A. T. Merril— J. High L. J. Milton — S. T. Herriman P. J. M. Millard— S. Brown P. L. P. Miller— S. M. Cram T. N. Moe— C. Higgins M. J. B. Marlel— Phillis Lablan A. H. Mann— P. Skinner H, G. Newbury— R. Butlerfield H, D. Norris — B. Carpenter J. A. T. Powell— S. A. Field O. A. Parker— M.- A. Ray R. J. Price— S. Bardnell E. T. H. Peek— D. Congar E. H. Pratt— A. Dice C. J. D. Perry— G. Welts M, G. W. Preston— S. Gofif S. E. Phelps— P. Arnold W A. W. Roger.-— D. Scott F. N. Rowley — M. Beagle T. N. Rowley— .-v. Aldrich J. T. Russ— H. Mitchell W B. Randall— B. Scott R. A. Rowley— B. GofF S. Spencer — E. Warner D. Shattuck— M. Briggs . Stone — L. McGregor Stroup — M. Keyes C. Snover — L. Phelps F. Skinner — M. Moore B. Spencer — D. Graves Selleck— S. Wells H. Sweet— S. A. Bennett Smith — M. Gales Spalding — F. Fish Thorrington — L. Brown , Thomas^L. Pratt Thompson — A. Mitchell J. Tubbs— H. Butterfield Tilloltson — P. Hurd B. Throop — E. Turrell Warner — M. Billings . Woodan — M. Bates . P. Wells— E. Ewell Winans — Jane Drake T. Walker— N. Gillett WoodUck— M. Finch Wood — S. Anderson . Wilber — T. Gregory Warner — E. Johnson , Wyncoop — A. Mitchell R. Witt — H. Brown Witney — E. Shepherd Wing — H. Crawford Wilson— T. .Seal Wentworth — E. Darling L. Walton — C. Stroup F. Witt— E. Brown , Winslow — M. Welts Wilson — L. Scott . G. Wilcox — M. Webster Wilcox — L. Hovey Wood — T, Case Whitney— C. Crittenden . Wylae — A. Beattie Wickoff— M. A. Orr The great majority of those early alliances were attended with the most happy results. In almost every instance, husband was devoted to wife and wife to hus- band: both were faithful to their country, and both traveled down life's course casting blessings along their paths. The old settlers of Macomb have, unlike the old settlers of the more recently organized counties of the State, made this county their home ; here they brought up their children, built their schools and churches, and actually reared up a commonwealth of their own, years before the western county of Kent was organized — even before the American pioneer set his foot in Washtenaw. A few of those old settlers still survive, and dwell in the land. Their children are here in numbers. Tlie traveler may readily distinguish them. Temperate in r&* l^ HISTORY OF j\IAt;OMB COUNTY. a high degree, they reflect the beauty of that virtue wliich makes amends for a hundred faults; they possess the physical characteristics of their honored pi-ogeni- tors, and still continue to follow in the walks of advancement which their fathers trod. MARKS FOR CATTLE IN OLDEN TIMES. Among the ancient customs of the early inhabitants, that of marking the cattle seems to the people of the present time as strange as the descriptions of those marks are ludicrous. The following specimens are taken from the records : — Charles Tucker's mark for cattle, hogs, sheep, etc., was a hole in the right ear and a slit in the left ear, a record of which was made March 11, 1822. The mark for Jacob Tucker's stock was, a slit in both ears, recorded April 1. 1822. Ebenezer Kittredge's cattle had " an under bit out of each ear," recorded April 1, 1822. Harvey Cook'.s mark was "a swallow's tail cut out of the right ear," a record of which was made April 16, 1822. The cattle, sheep and hogs of John Tucker zvere cropped on both ears, and a record of such mark made Feb. 22, 182.3. John Stockton's cattle, sheep, etc., etc., had a slit in the right ear, a mark recorded Feb. 22, 1823. Joseph Hayes' cattle had a hole in the right ear. Justus H. Barker's mark was a slit in the right ear, a square crop off the right ear, and the brand, J. H. B., recorded Dec. 2, 1823. The mark on Nathaniel Squire's cattle was a square crop off the left ear, a swallow's fork out of the right ear, with the brand, N. S. This was ijlaced on record Dec. 2, 1823. John Elliott's, senior, cattle were marked with a swallow's tail cut out of the left ear. Recorded April 30, 1824. Leander Trombley's mark was a half crop off the under part of the right ear, which mark was placed on record Sept. 13, 1826. Joseph Miller's cattle were known by a square crop off the right ear, which mark was published Feb. 7, 1827. John Bennett's mark was a swallow tail out of the left ear, not bj^ any means out of Mr. Bennett's left ear, notwithstanding what is implied in the records of Feb. 7, 1827. John Sawle's cattle were marked by a slit in both ears, and such mark was recorded Feb. 7,1827. Ezra Bellow's cattle were known by a half crop off the under part of the left HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ear. Benjamin Gould's stock were marked similarly under the right ear ; while Wm. Allen's mark was a square crop off the left ear. Solomon Wales adopted a square crop off right ear, and a half crop under part of the left ear. Daniel Miller's mark was simply a slit in the left ear, while that of Sardis Burlingham's cattle was simply a half crop off the upper part of the left ear. George Wilson's cattle had a square crop off the left ear, a slit in same ear, and a bit of under part of the right ear. Job Hoxie's stock were marked by a crop off the right ear, or a bit out of the under part of the same ear. Alvin Nye used a square crop on the right, and a slit in the left ear. Chauncey Throop adopted a square crop off the right, and a half crop under part of the same ear. Ezra B. Throop's registered mark was a square crop off the right, and a half crop off the upper part of same ear. Elon Andrus used a square crop off the right ear and a slit in the same. Russell Andrus' mark for his cattle was a square crop in the left ear, and a slit in the same. John Keeler's cattle had a bit out of upper side of the right, and under side of the left ear. Isaac Andrus' mark was simply a half crop off the upper part of the right ear. Lester Gidding's cattle had a hole in the right ear. Price B. Webster's cattle showed a swallow's tail cut out of the right ear. Jeremiah Lockwood's were known by a square crop off the left ear, and a half crop off the upper part of the right. Edward Arnold's stock was distinguished by a square crop off the right, and a half crop off the upper part of the left ear. Henry Moir's mark for his cattle was a hole through the right ear, and a bit out of the under part of the left ear. Lucretia Haskiu's cattle bore a square crop off the I'ight, and an under slit in the left ears. Richard Butler s cattle, sheep, and hogs wore a slit in the under part of each ear, and seemed to know all about it. PONTIAG AND ST. CLAIR MAIL ROUTES. In 1827, a mail route was established from Pontiac to Port Huron, stopping at Washington village, and this being the only of3Sce between the former place and Mt. Clemens, it necessarily served for a very large extent of country. Otis Lamb was the first post-master, and the mail bag was originally carried the entire dis- *^; HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tance by a man on foot, and afterward on horse-back for ten or twelve years, the mail carrier always remaining at Washington over night. Each letter cost the re- ceiver twenty-five ceuts, and such was the scarcity of money that a young man living there (now a wealthy resident of Oakland County) was obliged to leave a letter in the office for three months before he could by any means obtain the re- quired amount. In 1836, Dr. Dennis Cooley was appointed post-master, which position he held for twenty-three consecutive years, his own residence being the post-office for the greater part of that time. Shortly after his appointment, the mail was brought by stage from Detroit via Royal Oak and so continued until the completion of the G. T. R. R., when it was transferred to that road stopping oif at Utica Station, and a regular line of easy coaches, lumbering stages, or dilapidated buggies, were alternately the means of transit, the same being controlled by Ira Pearsall for very many years. This arrangement remained until the D. & B. C. R. R. was in running order when the nmil-bags and numerous passengers to and from Utica were accommodated by S. L. DeKay, his stages making regular trips between Utica and Romeo four times daily ; and through all these variations and the con- ditions of wind and weather we have known no such thing as a failure of first-class mail arrangements until July 18, 1879, when, for some unexplained reason, the route ceased altogether, and the large amount of mail matter for this place and Davis was left to the tender mercies of a chance carrier. The mail for Brooklyn was always received at Washington, they having had no separate office until 1876, when a tri-weekly route was established between that village and Washington, and an office established at Brooklyn under the name of Davis. TEMPEKANCE AND HOUSE KAISING. The following paper on the rise and progress of the temperance cause in Mal- comb County, not only contains a moral, but also much interesting and historical subject matter. The writer is secretary of the County Pioneer Society, a man wed- ded to the cause of temperance, and thoroughly conversant with men and events connected with the county. He says : " At the date of settlement of the central and northern township of Macomb, the use of intoxicants upon all noted occasions, and indeed upon the most common events of pioneer life, was held to be a necessity. Liquor was used as a cure for all diseases that assailed the system. At births, weddings, and deaths, its inspiring aid was sought. Prominent in the history of each new settlement were the bees, for the progress of work which one alone could not very well accomplish, such as loggings and raisings. At those bees whisky was free, and was to many the secret loadstone which attracted them to the place. Arriving at the place, if it were a logging, two expert hands chose sides, and select- ing the site and arranging the position of the heap, each led his men to the work. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. At the close of this work results were noted, and one side or other declared victors, not in the amount of whisky each had consumed, but in the number of log heaps each had erected. If it were a raising, for which they were called together, sides were chosen in the same way. Each party would take one end and a side of the structure, and proceed to roll the logs together in a lively fashion. At each corner a man was stationed, whose business it was to saw, trim, and shape the ends of the logs, so as to form the corner, and upon their skill and activity, depended largely the appearance of the house when completed. A man who could make a square plum corner in the least time was in demand. Occasionally a frame was to be raised, and men were invited from far and near, with the tacit understanding that whisky was to be an adjunct of the occasion. The timber used in construction was much larger than is used in similar structures now, and as no mechanical appliances were brought together in elevating it, a larger force was called together. Refreshments might be served or not at the option of the proprietor, but the liquor should be in sight, and near at hand. After the frame was erected, the men gathered in file upon the beam, and if a few drops of the contents of the jug remained, they were swallowed, and a name was called for. If a barn, it might be named the settlers' pride or the Queen of the settlement, if a house, the ladies' pride, ox family pride, and then the jug was hurled into the air, when the company dispersed. It soon came about that a feeling of antagonism to the use of whisky strength- ened by the occurrence of sundry accidents, the results of whisky, began to pre- vail, and very naturally as the sides were chosen, whisky was made the dividing 'point, and its friends, and the friends of temperance, were arrayed against each other. At a raising of a frame house, the two parties went up to put the plates in position, and in the zeal of the former not to be beaten by the temperance party, they lifted the plate over the posts, and let it drop on the ground below. One man whose hat was caved in, seized the jug and cast it into a well close by. At another time, a man whose leg was broken, was carried home two miles upon a door. Among the first raisings in the northern townships was that of Nathaniel Bennett's barn. The mechanic who worked upon the frame was a staunch temperance man, and wished that the raising of this barn should be accomplished without the aid of whisk}'. Bennett, although favorable to the cause of temperance, was fearful it would l)e a failure. The mechanic was so confident, however, that Bennett's ob- jections were overruled, and it was bruited round that the affair was to be of a temperate character. Both sides resolved to make this a test case, and men gath- ered from far and near to view the strife and see the fun. As fast as the forces reached the premises, they naturally divided into two armies. The temperance men soon went to work, and the liquor men sat upon the timbers, and stood in the way, offering obstacles. There was no scarcity of timber in those early days, and the ^^ l^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. great beams and plates of (^reeii timber sorely taxed the muscles as well as the patience of the workers. When, at length, the sills were in their places, and the bents put together, the liquor party came in a body and sat down upon the timbers directly in the way of further progress. It required the use of some threats, and a good deal of persuasive eloquence to move them, and a portion went off in a huff, while the remainder helped to put up the frame. A similar test case was held atUtica about the same time. A large store house was to be raised, and the mechanic was very fearful that it could not be done with- out whisky, but upon the promise of Payne K. Leach to assist with his mill hands and tackle box, the attempt was made and success won. In the township of Lenox, a like test was made some years later, resulting in favor of temperance. If the case were that of a man, wlio was himself temperate, and who dis- couraged the use of spirits on principle, little was said ; but if stinginess was the cause of it being withheld, sad work was often made of both timl^er and frames. Sometimes timber was carried back to the woods ; at other times a single bent would be setup, and all hands either go away or refuse to do more. At other times timbers would be united in all ways but the right one, and in each case the whisky should appear before the work would be completed. After those test cases had been tried, trial beesoi all kinds without the use of liquors were of frequent occurrence, and public sentiment in favor of abstinence grew in favor and strength. Organized action against intemperance was first taken at Romeo. In the year 1830, Deacon Rnger^s Pled;ie was circulated and gained a few names. Those who agreed to abstain from the use of wine and beer, and other alcoholic beverages, had a capital T prefixed to their names on the pledges, and were called T-T's or teeto- talers. At least one who signed Deacon Roger s Pledge has kept it for fifty-two years — Dr. HoUister, of Chicago. The effects of this pledge was soon visible in the community. One after another, old and young, spoke against the use of spirits, and arrayed themselves on the side of temperance. A farmer who had thought that haying could not be prosecuted witiiout liquor, sent his boy to the store at the corners with the little brown jug to get it filled. This was accomplished, the jug emptied, and sent to be refilled. Soon after a storm came up, and the father and the son left the field after hiding the jug. Upon their return the old man took up the pitcher to drink ; but before doing so, he paused and set it down. After a few minutes thought he emptied it upon the ground, and said. " My son let us never touch this stuff again as long as we live." The father kept this resolution, but the son is a drunkard to this day. And thus the leaven was at work. " Men thought, spoke, and acted." In a letter from Dexter Mussey to the Secretary of the Pioneer Society, under date April 7, 1881, that old settler states : ^^|a w- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. There was a Waslnnsrtonian Temperance society formed here as early as 1844, but accomplished but little. At a subsequent date the Sons of Temperance seemed to take the lead in some parts of this State and the west shore concluded to imitate the Sons of Temperance by liolding weekly meetings, or at least once in two weeks. This we did during one winter, 1848-9, but failed to keep up an interest or ac- complish much good. We then concluded to try the laws, and organized a division of eleven members, and after working hard for one year found ourselves with thirteen members, had received three, expelled one, dismissed one to join elsewhere. Then we commenced an aggressive course and soon had one hundred names and then for three or four years succeeded well, prosecuted the rum-sellers and all went on well until the Prohibitory law passed, and then all seemed to think the work completed and the Division dissolved and very little was done for the cause of temperance. After a time there was a lodge of Good Templars organized and went very well and with tolerable success for a time until it was turned into a political organization, when it shared the fate of all its predecessors. (^Died.') At still a subsequent date a Division of the Sons of Temperance was organized with tolerable success as to members, but not with much success in staying the tide of intemper- ance. This last organization is still in existence and is the only organization here which proposes to amend solely against the liquor business, and it is doing very little to what it ought to accomplish, the work it professes to have in hand. The present law has been enforced to a considerable extent, but not by the Sons of Temperance. There were fourteen prosecutions for violations of the law, and in every case with success. A RETROSPECT. My home ! the spirit of its love is breathing In every wind tliat plays across my track : — From its white walls, the very tendrils wreathing, Seem with soft links to draw the wanderer back. What a change has come over the land since they first saw it ? The metamor- phosis from the sickle and the cradle to the modern harvester is not more wondei'- ful than other changes which have been wrought ; and he who brings up sad re- membrances of a hard day's work, and a lumbago caused by the swinging of his cradle or scythe, smiles, when he thinks of that semi-barbarous period that could neither produce a harvester nor a mower, nor a sulky plow, nor any of these new machines, which make the practice of agriculture a luxury. To-day he mounts in- to the seat of one of these farm implements, as he would into his buggy, and with the assurance that, no matter what the condition of the grain or meadow, whether tangled, lodged, or leaning, he can master a quarter section of land more thoroughly and with grea'er economy than lie could have managed a five acre field a quarter of 'i^i 5 > HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. a century ago. The change is certainly material ! The old settlers realize it ; but yet they look back to the never forgotten past, when contentment waited upon the work of the old cradle, plow and spade, — to that time when the primitive character of all things insured primitive happiness. Then contentment reigned supreme, and con- tinued so to do until knowledge created ambitions, and those ambitions brought in their train, their numerous proverbial little troubles. CHAPTER XVI. ORGANIZATION. The third decade of the Nineteenth Century will ever be memorable as the era of emigration from the Eastern States, and the hunt after Western homes. During those years the people of the Original States rose to a full conception of the worth of the land, and the almost unbounded country which the toilers of the Revolution won for them. They resolved to direct their steps westward. Michigan was not forgotten. The country from the St. Joseph to the Grand River, along the valley of the southern Huron, and northwards still to the Saginaw — the home of the Otchipwes — was explored by them and settlements effected. Years before this, however, Macomb County was not only explored, settled ; but also organized. In 1818, three years after the organization of Wayne, and one year after the organi- zation of Monroe, Macomb County was erected by an act of the Territorial Legis- ative Council. For some years previous to 1818, the American and French pioneers built their log huts, and transformed portions of the forest into spots of pastoral beauty. Many acres were then fenced round, and the stacked harvest of the preceding year could be seen by the traveler. The country was then replete in beauty ; the singularly attractive monotony of the wild woods was varied by tracts of cultivated land, the homes of the settlers, and the villages of the aborigines. Solidarity of interests joined the pioneers in a bond of fraternity, the strength of which tended to render their loves and friendships lasting. Solidarity of inter- ests tauglit the pioneers to offer the hand of fellowship to their savage neighbors — the Otchipwes ; and solidarity of interests pointed out to them the results of seek- ing for the organization of the districts in which they lived into a little Republic. On the completion of the farm labors of 1817, those white inhabitants — those true foresters — did not seek repose ; but turning their attention away from manual labor, embraced mental work, to the end that their political condition might advance hand-in-hand with their social status. f> HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Before the spring-time called them to their fields again, they had established for themselves a county and a county government. The action of the Legislative Council, and the State Legislature in regard to the townships of Macomb, is reviewed in the following acts and summarization of acts : ST. CLAIR TOWNSHIP. The act of the Legislative Council, approved January .5, 1818, provided, that the district beginning at the opposite shore of the River Huron, including the shore, and running along tlie shore of Lake St. Clair, to tlie mouth of the river St. Clair, and along said river to Fort Gratiot, and extending in the rear as aforesaid, shall form one township, and be called the Township of St. Clair. MACOMB COUNTY ERECTED. A petition was presented to Gov. Cass, signed by a number of the inhabitants of tliis Territory, requesting that a new county may be laid out therein ; which was responded to as follows : — No'w Therefore, Believing that the establishment of such county will be conducive to the public interest, and to individual convenience, I do, by virtue of the authority in me vested by the ordinance of Congress, passed the 13th day of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, entitled " An ordinance for the government of the Territory of the United States northwest of the river Ohio," lay out that part of the said Territory included within the following boundaries, namely: beginning at the south- west corner of township number one, north of the base line (so called), thence along the Indian boundary line north, to the angle formed by the intersection of the line running to the White Rock upon Lake Huron ; thence with the last mentioned line to the boundary line between the United States and the British Province of Upper Canada ; thence with the said line southwardly to a point in Lake St. Clair due east from the place of beginning; thence due west to the eastern extremity of the said base line; and with the same to the place of beginning, into a separate county, to be called the county of Macomb. And I do hereby appoint William Brown, Henry J. Hunt, and Conrad Ten Eyck, Esquires, commission- ers for the purpose of examining the said county of Macomb, and of reporting to me where it is the most eligible site for establishing the seat of justice thereof. And I constitute the said county a district for the purposes required by the act entitled "An act to adjust the estates and affairs of deceased persons, estate and intestate, and for other purposes," passed the 19th day of January, one thousand eight hundred and eleven. In testimony whereof I have caused the Great Seal of the said Territory to be hereunto aflixed, and have signed the same with my hand. Given at Detroit this 15th day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighteen, and of the Independence of the United States of America the forty- second. LEWIS CASS. By the Governor; William Woodbridge, Secretary of Michigan Territory. LOCATING THE COUNTY SEAT. " Whereas William Brown, Henry J. Hunt, and Conrad Ten Eyck, the com- missioners appointed to ascertain the most eligible site for the seat of justice of the County of Macomb, have reported to me, that the Town of Mt. Clemens, recently 1^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. laid out upon the farm of Christian Clemens, Esq., in the said county, is the most eligible site for that purpose ; and whereas the said Christian Clemens, Esq., has conveyed for the use of said county, the lot of ground designated by the said com- missioners, and has given to the Treasurer of the said county, his obligation for the mon'ey, work, and materials required by them, towards the execution of the public building ; I do, therefore, in consideration of the premises, and by virtue of the anthorit}' by law in me vested, establish the seat of justice for the said County of Macomb, at the said Town of Mt. Clemens." This proclamation was signed by Lewis Cass, March 11, 1818. ORIGINAL TOWNSHIPS. A proclamation of the Governor issued April 8, 1818, divided Macomb into the following townships, viz : All that portion of the county soutli of a line drawn due west from the mouth of Swan Creek, to the Indian boundary line, shall form one township, and be known as the township of Huron ; all that portion which lies north of a line drawn due west from the mouth of Swan Creek, shall form one town- ship and be called St. Clair. Under the same proclamation all that portion of the town of Huron (whicli lies south of the base line) beginning at Forsyth's farm, including the farm, extending along the shore of Lake St. Clair to the River Huron, and west to the United States lands, was attached to the township of Hamtramck, in Wa)'ne County. Perry Township was estaljlished by the Act Jan. 12, 1819. It comprised the western sections of Macomb, all the unorganized territory north to the treaty line, and west to the meridian, north of the boundaries of Oakland. THE NAME HURON CHANGED TO CLINTON. An act approved July 17, 1821, declared that confusion, uncertainty, and incon- venience may frequently arise from the variety of rivers and places called Hui-on, and directed, for that reason, that the northern town of Macomb, which was estab- lished under the name of Huron, Aug. 12, 1818, should be called Vlintoii ; and the river running through said town into Lake St. Clair, commonly called the Huron, should be named Clinton. CHANGE OP BOUNDARY. The boundaries named in the Act establishing this county, Jan. 15, 1818, were changed in September, 1822, as shown in the following description : " Beginning on tlie boundary line between the United States and the Province of Upper Canada, where the northern boundary of the county of Wayne intersects the same ; thence with the said northern boundary, west, to the line between the eleventh and twelfth ranges, east of the principal meridian ; thence north to the HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. line between the townships numbered five and six, north of the base line ; thence east, to the line between the tliird and fourth sections of the fifth township north of the base line, in the thirteenth range, east of the principal meridian ; thence south to the southern boundary of the said township ; tlience east, to the line be- tween the fourteenth and fifteenth ranges, east of the principal meridian ; thence south to Lake St. Clair ; thence in a dii-ect line to the place of beginning. Given under my hand, at Detroit, this tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-two, and of the Independence of the United States the forty-seventh. LEW. CASS." ORGANIC SUMMARY. Macomb County formed a portion of Wayne, as organized in the days of the Northivest Territory. Old Wayne County comprised not only the Lower Peninsula, but also the strip of land along the western shores of Lake Michigan, and all west of that strip so far as explorers migiit jjenetrate. Robert F. Eldredge, in his paper styled "A Brief Outline of tlie History of Macomb Co.," saj-s : " It was estab- lished as a county in Michigan Territory in 1815. (Terr. Laws, Vol.1, p. 323.) It then included that part of Michigan to which tlie Indian title Jhad been extin- guislied. In 1805, the Territory of Michigan was constituted. On the 1st of July, 1805, the government of the Territory was organized at Detroit, by Gen. William Hull, as first governor. The Indian title to the lands of Macomb County was extinguished by the treaty of 1807. At that time the Pottawatoraies, the Ottawas, the Wyandots and the Chippewas ceded to the United States a tract of country bounded south by the Maumee Bay and River, north by the principal meridian, and on the northwest by a line running southwest from White Rock, cutting the said meridian at a point where an east and west line from the outlet of Lake Huron intersects the same. By a proclamation made by Lewis Cass, Jan. 15, 1818, all the land thus obtained from the Indians wliich lies north of the base line was formed into the county of Macomb, and William Brown, Henry J. Hunt and Conrad Ten E3^ck were appointed commissioners to ascertain the most eligible site for the seat of justice of such county. The county seat was established at Mt. Clemens by proclamation of March 11, 1818. May 4, following, the Legislative Council of the Territory granted $400 to the new county, to be expended in the erection of a court-house and jail. At this period Macomb comprised all the territory now form- ing the counties of St. Clair, Oakland, Livingstone, Genesee, Lapeer, large por- tions of Shiawassee, Ingham, Sanilac and Tuscola, together with the southeast corner of Huron, and a portion of the townships of Birch Run and Maple Grove, in Saginaw County. ^^ — »- ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ESTABLISHMENT OF TOWNSHIPS. The county was divided into townships by executive decree, published April 8, 1818. That portion of the county lying north of a line drawn due west from the mouth of Swan Creek was named St. Clair Township, while the portion south of such a line was called the township of Huron. The township of Harrison was laid off Aug. 12, 1818. The establishment of Oakland County, Jan. 12, 1819, was the first move in reducing the dominion of the settlers of Macomb ; yet the act did not come into effect until Jan. 1, 1823, so that, virtually, Macomb ruled Oakland for a term of four years after the establishment of that county. Perry Township was laid off Jan. 12, 1819. St. Clair County was established March 28, 1820. The township named stretched along the eastern boundary of Oakland, northwards to the Indian treatj/ line, and westward, south of that line, to the principal meridian, including what forms now the counties of Lapeer, Genesee, Shiawassee, and portions of Sanilac, Tuscola, Saginaw and Shiawassee. St. Clair County was organized May 8, 1820. Sept. 10, 1822, Gov. Cass' proclamation, establishing the boundaries of Macomb, was issued, which proclamation is given in this chapter. The principal river of the county was called the Huron until 1824, when the name was changed to Clinton by the act of July 17, 1824, and the name of Huron Township changed to Clinton Township. The act, appoved April 12, 1827, laid off the county into five townships, viz: — Harrison, Clinton, Shelby, Washington and Ray. In 1832 the act to extend the boundaries of Macomb was approved, when town 5 N. of R. 14. E., and the east half of T. 5, N. of R. 13 E., were added to the county and attached for govern- mental purposes to the town of Ray. March 9, 1833, the north half of Washington was formed into a new township to be called Bruce. April 22, 1833, town 5, N. of Ranges 13 and 14 E., were laid off under the name of Arrnadia. By the Act of March 7, 1834, Macomb Township was established, the boundaries of Ray were extended, and the town line between Clinton and Harrison straightened. March 17, 1835, town 2, N. of R. 12, E. was laid off as the township of Jefferson. Hickory and Grange townships were laid off March 11, 1837; Lenox was established March 20, 1837, and seven days previously the village of Mt. Clemens was incorporated. An Act approved March 6, 1838, authorized the organization of the town of Rich- mond, and under authority of the same act the name Jefferson was abolished, and the town called Sterling. The Act of April 2, 1838, ordered that sections 12, 13, 24, 25 and 36 of town 1 N. R. 13 E., be taken from Orange and added to Hickory, and also recognized the change of name from Hickory to Aba. Romeo was incor- porated as a village, March 9, 1838, and on the same date the village of Utica received authority to organize. The Act of March 26, 1839, changed the name Aha to Warren. On Feb. 16, 1842, the township of Macomb lost its eastern half. s ^ 300 HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. henceforth to be known as Chesterfield ; section 36 of Warren was ceded to Orange, and b}' an Act, approved March 9, 1843, the name of Orange gave place to that of Erin, by which name that picturesque division of the county continues to be known. MISCELLANEOUS ACTS. Under the act of Jan. 3, 1818, the inhabitants of that portion of Wayne County, comprehended within the limits of the District of Huron, as established by that act, and subsequently altered, should meet at the house of Christian Clem- ens, under the superintendence of Christian Clemens, Daniel Le Roy and Francois Labadie, to vote on the question of tiie organization of a General Assembly on the third Monday of February, 1818. On the 26th Feb. 1818, the Legislative Council decreed, that on the first Mon- day of February and the second Monday of July in every year the County Court for the County of Macomb should be held. Macomb County Court House. The Act of May 5, 1818, appropriated $400 towards the erection of a Court House and Gaol for Macomb County, to be ex- pended by the Justices of the Court of General (Quarter Sessions, and to be paid out of any moneys in the treasury, not otherwise appropriated. The Act of the Legislative Board, approved Aug. 26, 1819, directed that all wills, inventories of estates, returns of administrators or executors, bonds, decrees, orders, and all documents, etc., connected with Macomb County, should be trans- mitted at once to the County Register from the Register's office of Wayne. An Act of the Legislative Council was approved Aug. 4, 1824, authorizing Christian Clemens, Ellis Doty, Justice H. Barker, and those who may associate with them to erect a dam across Clinton River at the village of Mt. Clemens, with certain provisos, one of which was that the water should not be raised higher than three and one-half feet above low water mark. The county commissioners of Macomb, were authorized, under an Act approved Aug. 4, 1824, to make such addition to the tax roll for that year, as they should deem necessary to meet the expense of completing court house and gaol, such tax not to exceed one-fourth of one per cent, on the valuation of real and personal property. The construction of a territorial road from Mt. Clemens via\ Romeo, Lapeer, and Saginaw to the Sault de Ste. Marie was authorized March 4, 1831. The road from Detroit to Port Huron was laid off, under legislative authority. The Act approved April 12, 1827, authorized Nathaniel Millard, Jonathan HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Kearsley, Levi Cook, Cliarles Larned, Ellis Doty, John P. Slieldon, Christian Clem- rans, Alfed Ashley, Jacob Tucker, Ignace Morass, Joseph Hayes, and others who may associate with them, a company to remove obstructions from the Clinton River, and render it navigable from the village of Mt. Clemens to MacFs Lower 3Iill. This company as organized was known as the Clinton River Navigation Company. Sept. 3, 1827, the counties of Macomb and St. Clair were erected into one dis- trict, and authorized to elect one member of the Legislative Council. A second territorial road to the Clinton River from Detroit was authorized under the Act of June 23, 1828. This commenced at Detroit, continued by the Old French Church to a \)o'u\t on the Clinton River, betweeen Nathaniel Squire's and Enoch Huntley's farms in Macomb Count3\ William Meldrum and James Connor of Macomb, and William Little of Wayne were appointed commissioners. The Act of June 23, 1828 decreed that there should be a territorial road estab- lished, beginning at the northeast corner of Oakland County, and running thence south along the division line between Macomb to Oakland to the base line; thence continuing south until it intersects the turnpike leading from Detroit to Pontiac. Francis Cicot of Wayne, Alexander Faeles, of Macomb, and John Todd of Oakland were the commissioners appointed under the Act. The Clinton Steam Mill Company was organized at Mt. Clemens, under power granted in an Act approved March 2, 1831. This act points out that the capital stock was $20,000 in shares of 125 each. The subscriptions toward this stock were ordered to be opened at Detroit, the first Monday of Maj', 1831, under the superin- tendence of Lewis Cass, Jonathan Kearsley, James Abbott, Innis S. Wendell, John Palmer, and also at Mt. Clemens, under Christian Clemens, Alfred Ashley, J. M. Cummings, and Job C. Smith. An Act approved June 18, 1832, provided that within six months, it should be lawful for Antoine Dequindre, Barnabus Campau, Jacque Campau, Gabriel Cheine, Isidore Cheine, Rene Marsac, Isidore Morin, Dominique Reopelle, who feel ag- grieved by laying out the territorial road from the citj" of Detroit to the river Clin- ton so far as the Old French Church in the township of Hamtramck, to state their complaints to any Circuit or County Judge in writing, when three disinterested freeholders will be appointed to decide and assess damages. The Romeo and Mt. Clemens Railroad was incorporated under authority given in an Act, approved April 16, 1833, with Gad Chamberlain, Gideon Gates, Asahel Bailey, Lyman W. Gilbert, Azariah W. Sterling, Moses Freeman, Isaac Powell, Noah Webster, Reuben R. Smith, Norman Perry, Ansou Bristoll, James C. Allen, fe^ 303 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Joel Tucker, Wm. Canfield, Christopher Douglas, and N. T. Taylor. The capital stock was $150,000. Shelby Liberal Institute. — An Act to incorporate a society under this name was approved April 22, 1833, granting to Daniel W. Phelps, Peleg Ewell, Samuel Ax- ford, Samuel Adair, Samuel Ladd, Lyman T. Jenny, Daniel Hurston, John S. Axford, Joseph Lester, Luther R. Madison, John Stockton, and Calvin Davis, power to establish in the township of Shelby a literary institution, and appointing the men named trustees of such. Romeo Academy. — Under an Act approved Mai'ch 21, 1833, Gad. Cliamberlin, Nathaniel T. Taylor, Gideon Gates, Norman Perry, Noah Webster, Reuben R. Smith, Hiram Calkins, John S. Axford, Abel Warren, Asahel Bailey, John Ben- nett, James Starkweather, James Thompson, Azariah W. Steel, and William Abbott of Macomb County were constituted trustees of Romeo Academy, with power to establish such an institution for the education of youth. The Shelby and Detroit Railroad Company was authorized March 7, 1831, with Eurotas P. Hastings, Levi Cook, Shubael Couant, Gordon A. Leach, Daniel W. Phillips, Lyman T. Jenny, John S. Axford, Jacob A. Summers, and Peleg Ewell, commissioners under tlie direction of a majority of whom subscriptions to the amount of JflOOiOOO capital stock miglit be received. An Act of the Legislative Council of the Territory of Michigan, approved March 27, 1835, ordained, that the Supervisors of Macomb County, should, if they deem proper, discontinue all suits, pending in the Circuit Court, against Nathan B. Miller, John Elliott, James Meldrum, and Francis Dequindre, as sureties of William Meldrum, late treasurer of the county, and may release such bondsmen from all liabilities. Richard Butler for copying returns of the sheriif, containing 6,400 inhabitants at $3.00 per thousand, received $18,02, March 21, 1358. An Act approved March 27, 1835, authorized the inhabitants of Harrison and Clinton townships to erect a bridge over the Clinton River at or near the village of Mt. Clemens, under the superintendence of Christian Clemens and Antoine Chortier, and authorizing a tax to be levied on the people of these townships to meet the ex- penses of the work. The conditions imposed were a bridge 1-4 feet wide, with a draw in the center of not less than 36 feet, and to be considered a free bridge for ever. The Act to incorporate the Clinton Salt Works Company was approved April 3, 1838, giving authority to Robert S. Parks, Lawson S. Warner, Thomas B. Andrews, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ■^ Charles Hubbell, and Calvin C. Parks to form such a company and carry on the business. An Act for the relief of the township of Shelby was approved March 9, 1838, dealing with the former absconding collector of taxes, and enabling the new collector to receive the sums of money unpaid to the man reported as absconding. An Act appointing commissioners to establish State Roads was approved Feb. 28, 1838, directing that a State road from Mt. Clemens, by way of Crawford's Settlement in Macomb Tp; Chubb's Settlement in Ray Tp., to Flower's store in Armada, be laid out, and appointing Wm. Canfield, Stewart Taylor, and Azariah Prentiss, commissioners. COTTNTY OFFICERS PAST AND PRESENT. SHERIFFS. James Fulton 1818-22 William Meldrum. ..1S22-28 N. Nye 1828-30 Addison Chamberlain 1830-32 William Canfield 1S32-36 Abraham Freeland 1836-3S Calvin Davis 1 838-40 Amos B. Cooley 1 840-44 John G. Dixon _ 1 844-46 Varnum Lutkin 1 846-4S Milo SellecU .1848-50 Walter Porter 1850-52 Thonjas Colby _ 1852-56 Charles C. Lamb. 1856-60 Joseph Hubbard _ 1860-64 Geo. E. Adair 1864-66 Has well Church 1866-70 Frederick G. Kendrick 1870-74 Winfield S. Hathaway _ 1874-7S Louis Groesbeck 1878-80 T. W. Newton 1880-82 CLERKS. John Stockton 1818-25 Thomas Brandon 1 825-26 R. S. Rice 1826-28 R. P. Eldridge 1828-30 Richard Butler 1830-36 Amos Dalby 1836-46 Robert Thompson „ 1S46-48 Ira Stout 1848-50 Theron Cud worth __ 1850-52 John S. Fletcher 1852-54 Perrin Crawford .' 1854-56 John B. Ellsworth ..1856-58 Henry O. Smith 1858-64 James Whiting _ 1864-66 William M. Connor 1866-70 Charles S. Groesbeck 1870-78 William L. Dicken 1878-82 COUNTY REGISTRARS. John Stockton 1818-28 William Meldrum 1828-32 Rodney O. Cooley 1832-38 Amos Dalby ..1838-44 Henry Teats 1844-48 Robert H. Wallace 1848-52 John J. Traver 1852-56 Norton L. Miller 1856-60 Geo. W. French 1860-62 Thomas L. Sackett 1862-68 Alonzo M. Keeler 1868-70 Geo. W. Robinson 1S70-72 Alonzo M. Keeler ^. 1S72-74 Traugotte Longerhausen 1874-80 Judson S. Farrar 1880-82 JUDGES OF THE PROBATE COURT. Christian Clemens. .1818-36 Prescott B. Thurston 1S36-40 Porter Kibbee 1840-48 Prescott B. Thurston 1848-60 Isaac B. Gilbert 1 860-64 Henry O. Smith 1864-68 Thomas L. Sacket 1868-76 James B. Eldredge 1876-80 James B. Eldredge 18 rff- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. TREASURERS. Christian Clemens iSiS-27 John S. Axford 1827-32 H iram Calkins -. .1832-34 Horace H. Cady 1834-36 Rodney O. Cooley 1836-40 Henry M. Dodge 1840-42 Thomas M. Perry 1842-48 Allen P. Bentley 1848-52 Joshua B. Dickenson. 1852-56 Charles B. Matthews 1856-60 Edward C. Gallup 1860-62 Justus R. Crandall 1862-66 Josiah T. Robinson 1866-68 Joseph Hubbard 1868.70 Oliver Chapaton 1S70-78 Charles Tackels 1878-82 PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS. EzraB. Prescott 1S18-20 Geo. A. O'Keefe 1820-28 Alex. D. Frazer 1828-32 Robert P. Eldridge _ 1S32-34 Cornelius O'Flynn 1834-38 Dewitt C. Walker 1838-40 John J. Leonard 1840-42 I larleigh Carter 1 842-44 \Vm. T. Mitchell .1844-46 Andrew S. Robertson 1846-50 Giles Hubbard I S50-56 Richard Butler 1856-5S Giles Hubbard 1 858-60 Elisha F. Mead. ...1860-62 Thomas M. Crocker 1862-64 Giles Hubbard 1864-66 Edgar Weeks 1 866-70 James B. Eldredge. 1870-76 Geo. M. Crocker 1876-S0 Irving D. Hanscom iSSo-82 [Mr. Hanscom moved to Marquette in June, 1082.] COUNTY SURVEYORS. John B. HoUister 1830-32 William A. Burt 1S32-34 Ephraim Calkins. 1S34-36 Joel Manley 1836-42 Charles F. Mallory ...1842-50 Ludwig Wesolouski 1850-52 Geo. E. Adair 1S52-56 Addison P. Brewer 1856-60 Geo. H. Fenner 1860-62 Ludwig Wesolouski 1862-64 Oscar S. Burgess .1864-70 Geo. E. Adair 1870-72 Oscar S. Burgess 1872-74 Clarence Stephens .1874-76 George E.Adair... 1876-82 SUPERVISOR S BOARD. The first record of the Board is given under date July 17, 1827. Henry Taylor, John S. Axford, Josejjh Lester, Reuben R. Lester, Job C. Smith, super- visors, were present. One of the resolutions adopted at this meeting was that no bounty should be allowed for wolf or panther scalps in the future, and that 14 be allowed for scalps taken under the law. In October, 1827, the Board ordered that tliere should be raised for county purposes one-third of one per cent, upon all taxable property, which equal- ized would entail a tax upon Harrison, $80 ; on Clinton, 170 ; on Shelby, $50 ; Washington, i70 ; Ray, $28.37. The first record of the issue of county orders is dated October 15, 1827, and is as follows: " B. W. Freeman, for services rendered the United States versus Garret Vand der Pool, 93 cents ; Moses Freeman, in the same cause, $i ; Old David, for wolf scalps, $i ; William Olds, for services as constable and crier, $3.50 ; Robert Townsend, for wolf scalps, $4 ; Isaac Andrews, for services rendered County Com- |V1/^C0|^/1B COU^fT/.CO^j)^T HOUSL^ 1881-2, te^ HISTORY OP MAUOJIB COUNTY. missioners, $3.50; John S. Axford, for duties as late County Commissioner, io; Asa Huntley, #2; John S. Axt'ord, as Supervisor, $6 ; Joseph Lester, $6 for services as Supervisor ; Reuben R. Smith, for similar services, fO ; Job C. Smith, $4 ; Ezekiel Allen, late C^lounty Commissioner, io; Ephraim McCall, as Clerk of Super- visor's Board, $1.50 ; Henr}' Taylor, ■|!4, as Supervisor ; John S. Axford, for wolf scalps, $4. What changes have taken place since this record was made ! The old super- visors placed a quietus on the wolf hunters, exercised a false economy in every department of the public business of the county ; yet they were honorable men, and acted only in the spirit of the times. A few years later they were among the first to receive the teachings of the new immigrants from the Eastern States, and since 1835 may be said to equal in public enterprise tlie supervisors of the counties erected during that year. In the paper on county organization, prepared in 1868 by Edgar Weeks, the following account of proceedings is given : The County of Macomb was organized on the 18th day of Januaiy, in the year 1818. Prior to tliat date Macomb County was attached to the Judicial Dis- trict of Huron, and its limits embraced the present counties of Oakland, St. Clair, Lapeer, and several other more northern counties. The county seat was estab- lished at Mt. Clemens, where it has remained to this day. On the organization of tlie county, the governor, by commissions under the great seal of the territory, appointed the following officers. We give the names of the persons appointed, the dates of the appointments, and the titles of tlie offices : 1818, Jan. 20 — Christian Clemens, Chief Justice ; Daniel Leroy and V/illiam Thompson, Associate Justices; John Stockton Clerk of the Court of General and Quarter Sessions ; Conrad Tucker, Justice of the Peace ; Elisha Harrington, Justice of the Peace ; Ignace Morass, Coroner; John Connor, Constable ; Rufus Hatch, Justice of the Peace ; Feb. 9 — Daniel Leroy, Justice of the Peace ; Francis Labadie, Justice of the Peace ; John K. Smith, Justice of the Peace ; June 22 — John Connor and John B. Pettit, Commissioners ; Aug. 13 — James Robinson, Constable ; Benoit Tremble, Supervisor of Harrison ; Nov. 3 — Daniel LeRo}', Judge of Probate ; John Stockton, Register of Probate ; Dec. 12 — John Stockton, Justice of the Peace. 18PJ, Jan. 4 — Esra Prescott, Prosecuting Attorney. Up to the year 1827, the municipal powers of the county were exercised through a Board of County Commissioners, and at that time the county was territorially divided into five townships, named Harrison, Clinton, Shelby, Wash- ington and Ray. These townships were, geographicall}', made up quite differently from their present boundaries. We will not stop to describe more than our own town of Clinton as it then stood. In the old town of Harrison was then included IIISTOHY OF MACOMB COUNTY. a portion of what is now Clinton, and what now constitutes Chesterfield and Lenox. Clinton then comprised what is now Erin, Warren, Macomb and the balance of what is now Clinton, not then included in Harrison. The first election in this township was held at the Court House, in Mt. Clemens, and Job C. Smith was elected supervisor. The first supervisor of Har- rison was our old townsman, Dr. Henry Taylor, senior. The first session of the Board of Supervisors of this county, was held at Mt. Clemens, and Robert P. Eldredge was chosen as its clerk. The apportionment of the taxes of the year 1827, cast upon this town the burden of raising the sum of $70.00, while Harri- son was compelled to contribute $80.00, Shelby $50.00, Ray $"28.37, and Washing- ton $70.00, a total for all purposes in the county of $298.37. The next year the total amount of taxes raised in this county, was $525.59, of which amount Clinton raised $117.88. A resolution of the Board at this time, was to the effect that the improved lands of Clinton and Harrison be valued at two dollars per acre, while the same lands in the other towns were valued at eight dollars per acre. Events in the history of our county transpiring subsequent to the year 1827, are preserved in the records of the County Clerk's office, at the county seat, and to that repository of our county legislation the curious reader may at anytime resort, and assuage his curiosity, or satisfy his thirst after knowledge of matters which are interesting to the statistician, but which do not form an interesting feature for the general reader. They are facts which bear more intimately upon the physical, economical and industrial advancement made by the people of the county. CHAPTER XVII. POLITICAL HISTORY. The interest manifested in public affairs by the people of Macomb becomes evident from a review of the General. State and County elections, an account of which is given in this chapter. For many years the political battle was carried on between the Democrat and Whig, with victory almost always attending the former. As times moved onward, new ideas sprang into existence, varying, as it were, political life, and urging the old politicians to advance in the paths of reform. At {>ne time a tendency existed to cast away the tyranny oi party, and give an untram- meled vote for the man. This tendency grows stronger with years. While acknowledging the gi-eat benefits conferred upon the Republic by the two great parties that claim to be President-makers, yet great numbers of the people are dis- *C ® s^ ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. satisfied ; they can not overlook the magnitude of the abuses which have entwined themselves with the present system, and which contribute to lessen that great name once belonging to the greatest and most perfect of governments. The adherents of party in this county have not been silent when reform was needed. They have scanned the course of their representatives with jealous eye, and rewarded or punished just in such measure as justice poiutetli, securing thereby a fair representation in the council of the Republic as well as in that of the State. Nativeism, sectionalism, know-nothingism and demouism, or religio-political big- otr3% appear to be on the margin of the grave ; some of the vices are already buried, but enough remain to cause some little disunion, if not disaffection, and so live to destroy what would be otherwise a magnificent solidarity of public peace and prosperity. Mercy, justice and patriotism require every corner of this land for tenancy, so that sectionalism and all its concomitant vices must yield — must give place to what is good and noble, and let peace rule the Republic forever. During the first years of the county's history, party bigotry was not acknowl- edged, but convention and caucus were held, the same as now, to select a man, not to serve his own or his party's interest, but that of the people. The first set- tlers were attached to tlie Jacksonian political school, because they saw in the old General one who held the Constitution of the United States above all else. When, in 1832, South Carolina assumed the right to ignore the laws of the United States, and to oppose the collection of the revenue, Gen. Jackson, then President, acted with his usual decision, aud told the South Carolinians that the Union must be preserved. He sent United States troops into that State, instructed the revenue collector at Charleston to perform his duty, and notified John C. Calhoun that he would be arrested on the committal of the first overt act against the law. TJiis decisive action, together with the terms of his proclamation, cemented, as it were, all political parties under one leader. " The power to annul a law of the United States," he says, '"is incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly by the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized by its spirit, inconsistent with eveiy pi-inciple on which it is founded, and destructive to the great object for which it was formed. To say that any State may at pleasure secede from the Union, is to say that the United States are not a nation ; because it would be a solecism to contend that any part of the nation might dissolve its connection with the other part, to their injury or ruin, without committing any offence. * * * * The States severally have not retained their entire sovereignty. It has been shown that, in becoming parts of a nation, they surrendered many of their essential parts of sovereignty. The right to make treaties, declare war, levy taxes, exercise exclu- sive judicial and legislative powers, were all of them functions of sovereign power. The States, then, for all of these important purposes, were no longer sovereign. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. * *. * * The duty imposed on me by the Constitution, to take care that the laws l)e faitiifully executed, sliall be performed to the extent of the powers vested in me by law." In this manner President Jackson instructed tlie South Carolinians in the principles of federal government, and in this manner, also, did he notify them of the intentions of the United States in the event of their persisting in the violation of any of its laws. In those olden times a man was chosen on his merits, and entrusted with the true representation of the people in the Legislature as well as in the Supervisor's Court. A reference to the election returns will prove this statement precise in every particular. Years rolled on, and still party lines remained unobserved. In 1836 there was an apparent tendency to draw those lines closer ; but the effort was comparatively a weak one. Two years later, in 1838, the doctrine of abolition was received with evident marks of disapprobation in this county. In 1840 Abolition. and Liberty created some political excitement here ; but not sufficient to lead one to conclude that within a quarter of a century, this count}' would send forth thou- sands of private soldiers and officers to do battle for the principle, which it held so cheap in 1840. In 1841 James G. Birney was called from his quiet liome at Lower Saginaw to enter the political battlefield against Henry Clay on one ticket and James K. Polk on the other. Birney was enthusiastic, honest, and honorable. As a politician he lived before his time, and as a result did not occupy the Presidential Office. Ten j'ears later the greater number of those who followed the standard of the Liberty Party, acquiesced in the doctrine preached under the oaks at Jackson, and the " name and fame "' of the Sons of Liberty were henceforth embosomed in tliat party. Tlie American Party, organized immediately afterward, soon passed away. In this county, its impracticable, unjust, and unholy principles were stigmatized, and to the credit of the people, may it be said, entirely ignored. It was no more American in spirit, than was the Tea Tax and the other principles of its originators, which roused American manhood to cast off all connection with them. The contest between the humble Abraham Lincoln, and the noted Stephen A. Douglass, in 1860, was characteristically interesting. The result decided the fate of the slave-holding Southerners, and gave to the seventh decade of the nine- teenth century a nation of freemen — such an one as the Fathers of the Republic dreamed of — such an one as the world liad never hitherto known. In 1864 George B. McClellan opposed the great War President. The claims of the former were many and much appreciated ; but he who proclaimed the aboli- tion of slavery, from the highest seat in the Union, was destined to occupy that position, and would doubtless be elected and re-elected, had not the foul assassin snatched from him a life, then in the spring-time of its fame. ^^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Horatio Seymour, a refined, enlightened Statesman, was nominated by tlie Democratic Party in 1868. The fortunate Grant was nominated by the Republican Part}'. Notwithstanding all the high qualifications for that office, which Mr. Sey- mour possessed, the man who cast thousands upon thousands of the best blood of the North, against the columns of the slave-holders deserved to be, and was elected. It were well for the famous General, if his political life ended in 1872; but it was not so ordered, evidently, in the destiny of the Republic. In 1872 Gen. Grant was renominated, to oppose Charles O'Connor on the Demo- cratic, and Horace Greeley on the Liberal-Republican tickets ; but the services of the soldier were too well remembered, and so the epauleted Grant was returned to the White House for a second term. In 1876 Samuel J. Tilden representing the Democrats, and R. B. Hayes, the Republicans, sought the favors of the people. The memory of that contest is too fresh to require further reference. Mr. Hayes reached the White House, and held it for four years. Owing to his quiet administration, and the return of prosperity, his party lost little ground, although many said the disputes and uncertainties of that election would militate against Republican success in 1880. The elections of 1880 were, perhaps, the most enthusiastic of all expressions of the popular will. Then was Greek opposed to Greek ; Gen. Hancock won distinc- tion on the battle fields of the .South, — his service was magnificent. Gen. Garfield had some little military experience ; but what was wanting in this respect, was fully made up in his knowledge of public economy and practical knowledge of every-day life. He was elected ; but who could then dream, that the new President would fall beneath the blow of an assassin, while yet his Cabinet was unorganized? Almost before he entered on the duties of his high office, he fell at the hands of an American, and from this fall he never rallied, until death ended his terrible suffer- ings. His death placed the Republic in mourning throughout its length and breadth. Vice-President Arthur assumed the Presidential Chair, and under him the troubles in the Senate were smoothed down, and the Nation allowed to resume its ways of progress. Thi-oughout the various political campaigns, from 1818 to the present time, the citizens of Macomb, have, as a rule, given a popular vote. Previous to 185-4, the county was decidedly Democratic. From 1851 to 1870 it may be said to have given the Republicans a majority; and since 1870 to the present time political power is so equally balanced that representatives of both parties sliare the confidence of the people. A desire has existed and does exist, to witness the victory of virtue over vice, and so far as such a laudable desire could be effected, the people were re- warded in their contests. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. COUNTY ELECTIONS. In the following pages the results of the various elections, so far as this county is concerned, are given. It is not to be presumed, however, that majorities given for candidates for the United States Congress, or for officers of State resulted in their election. The vote received in this county alone is only given, to learn who was elected, reference must be made to the State History. The county officers elected in 1818, 1820, 1822, and 1824 are named in the Organic Chapter. The election returns, with the names of candidates before the people of this county for the honor of office, are given from 1825 to the present time. 1S25. Congress, 1S25.— Christian Clemens, 52 ; James Connor, 44; John Stockton, 63; Joseph Miller, 57. These returns were certified to by Chris- tian Clemens, Chief Justice of the County of Macomb; Elisha Harrington, Associate Justice of Macomb ; Thomas Ashley and Nathaniel Squiers, Commissioners ; and William Meldrum, Sheriff. Countv commissioners, 1S25. — John S. Axford, 30 ; Ezekiel Allen, 29 ; Joseph Hayes. 29. Treasurer, 1S25. — William M. Dannell, 10; Christian Clemens, 12. Coroner, 1823. — Harvey Cook, 22. Constables. 1825.— Daniel B. Webster, 24 ; Isaac Andrus, 27 ; Gideon Gates, 6. 1826. missioners, 1826. — Alexander Tackles . Davis VF, 14. 1S27. 1827. — Ray Township: John Biddle, 18; Austin E. Wing, 2 ; Benj. N. Truman, i. Clin- ton Township ; John Biddle, 31 ; Austin Wing, 6 ; Gabriel Richard, 7. Shelby Township : John Bid- dle, 15; Austin Wing, 26. Harrison Township: Gabriel Richard, -ai ; John Biddle, 9 ; Austin Wing, 45. Washington Township: John Biddle, 34; Austin E. Wing, 24. Member Legislative council, 1827. — Clinton: John Stockton d., 40; Wm. A.Burt w., 2; John K. Smith, I ; Shelby: John Stockton d., 15 ; Wm. A. Burt w, 17. Ray; Wm. A. Burt w, 16; John Stockton d, y. Washington: Wm. A. Burt w, 40; John Stockton d, 30. Harrison : John Stockton, 45. John Stockton received 139, and Wm. A.Burt 75 votes. County con d, 50 ; Calvi Cong} Com; 1829. — Harrison: Gabriel Richard, 89; John Biddle, 31 ; John R. Williams, 3. Wash- ington : Gabriel Richard, 13; John R. Williams, I; Christopher Arnold, i ; John Biddle, I. Clinton : John Biddle, Jg ; Gabriel Richard, 5; John R. Williams, I. Shelby: John Biddle, 37; Gabriel Richard, g. Ray : John Biddle, 35. Member Legislative council, i82g. — Harrison : John Stockton, 110; Wm. A. Burt, 13. Clinton: John Stockton, 14 ; Wm. A. Burt, 12. Shelby: John Stockton, 32; Wm. A. Burt w, 12. Washington: Wm. A. Burt, 73 ; John Stockton, 51. Desmond, St. Clair, Coltrellville: John Stockton, 83; Wm A. Burt, 97. Ray: Wm.A. Burt w, 29 ; John Stock- ton d, 5. County coroner, 1829. — Harvey Cook, Harrison, 32 ; Washington, 84 ; Clinton, 44 ; Ray, 29 ; Shel- by, 2. Countv Treasurer, 1S29. — Harrison: Ezekiel Al- len, 34 ; John S. .'Vxford, 4. Washington: Ezekiel Allen. iS ; John S. Axford, S3. Clinton: John S. Axford, 25 ; Ezekiel Allen, 39. Ray : Ezekiel Al- len. 4 ; John S. Axford, 26. Shelby, John S. Ax- ford, 23 ; Ezekiel Allen, 8. After the election of 1829, Mr. Burt became a Democrat, and observed the principles of that party ftntil his death in 1858. 1831. Congress, 1831. — Clinton : John R. Williams, 40; Sam. W. Dexter, 27 ; Austin E. Wing, 44. Ray : Austin E. Wing, i ; John F. Williams, 5 ; Sam. W. Dexter, 31. Washington: Sam. W. Dexter, 100; Austin E. Wing, 36 ; John R. Williams, 22. Harri- son : John R. Williams, 69; Austin E. Wing, 57 ; Sam W. Dexter, 3. Shelby : Sam. W. Dexter, 49 ; Austin E. Wing, 16; John R. Williams, 5. Member Legislative council, 1831. — -St. Clair John Stockton, 91 ; Alfred Ashley, 89. Washington Alfred Ashley, 122 ; John Stockton, 40. Clinton ^^ riv HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. t>L. John Stockton, 54; Alfred Ashley, 57. Ray: Al- fred Ashley, 41; John Stockton, 25. Harrison: Alfred Ashley, 10; John Stockton, 121. Shelby: Alfred Ashley, 49 ; John Stockton, 36. •1832. l't>/c- on expediency of State Government, October 22, 1832. — Ray Township 33 yes, 2 no; Shelby Township 43 yes, 27 no ; Harrison Township I yes, 60 no ; Washington Township 45 yes, 9 no. County Treasurer 1832. — Shelby; Hiram Calkins 49 ; Ezra B. Throop, ig. Ray : Ezra B. Throop, o; Hiram Calkins, 46. Harrison : Hiram Calkins, I ; Ezra B. Throop, 76. Washington : Ezra B. Throop, 19; Hiram Calkins, gg. Coroner, 1832.— Shelby : Anthony King, 28 ; Ray : 46; Harrison : 12 ; Washington : 43. 1833- Congress, 1833. — Austin E. Wing, 36 ; Wm. Wood- bridge, 220 ; Lucius Lyon, 259. Members Legislative council, 1833. — Ralph Wad- hams d, 249 ; John Stockton d, 402. 1835. Treasurer.— U. H. Cady d., 499; Syl. T. At- wood w., 278. Coroner. — Harvey Cook d., 497 ; Lyman T. Jenny, 260. Registrar. — John Stockton d., 487 ; Richard But- ler w, 271 ; Rodney O'Cooley, 12. 1S36. Probate Judge.— Vrescolt B. Thurston w, 288 ; Christian Clemens d, 146 ; Calvin Davis d, 201. Associate Judges. — Ebenezer Hall w, 164 ; Samuel S. Axford d, 550 ; Horace Stevens d, 487 ; Minot T. Lane, 78. Sheriff. — Abram Freeland d, 507 : Daniel Chand- ler w, 109 ; Orison Sheldon w, 18. County clerk. — Amos Dolby d, 447 ; Aaron Weeks w, 20; Prescott B. Thurston w, 119 ; Benj. M. Freeland d, 2. ' Registrar. — Amos Dolby d, 245 ; James Brown w, 107 ; G. W. Knapt d, 205 ; Gideon Gates w, 92 ; Prescott B. Thurston w, 9: Richard Butler w, i. Treasurer. — Rodney O. Cooley d, 516; Wm. A. Burt d, 5 ; Aaron Weeks w, 102. Coroners. — William Olds d, 635 ; Harry B. Teed d. 337 ; Benj. N. Freeman w, 79 ; Norman Perry w, 168. County surveyors. — Joel W. Manly d, 436 ; Wm. A. Burt d, 192. Presidential Electors. — David C. McKinstry, 397 ; Daniel Le Roy, ; Wm. H. Hoag, ; Wol- cott Lawrence, 44; William Draper ; Wm. H. Walsh, . Sci!ators.-]3.coh Summers d, 536 ; William Draper, w, 89 ; Thomas J. Drake w, 35 ; Randolph Manning d, 414 ; John Clarke d, 408. Representatives. — Isaac Munfore d, 679 ; Tinus S. Gilbert vv, 23S ; William Canfield d, 134 ; Ephraim Calkins d, 547 ; Alfred Goodell d, 28S. 1S37. Governof, 1S37. — Charles C. Trowbridge w, 633; Stevens T. Mason d, 426; Ed. D. Ellis — , 88. Lieutenant-Governor, 1837. — Daniel S. Bacon w, 607 ; Edward Mundy d, 421 ; John Biddle w, 138. Senafois, 1S37. — S. V. R. Trowbridge w, 617; Thomas J. Drake w, 629; Elijah F. Cook d, 469; John Barton d. 463. Representatives, 1S37. — Richard Butler vv, 6l6 ; Orison Sheldon w, 6o3 ; Caleb Wilber w, loi ; Minot T. Lane w, 602 ; Robert P. Eldredge d, 488 ; Ephraim Calkins d, 371 ; Alfred Goodell d, 472; Isaac J. Grovier d, 47 ; Calvin Davis d, 39 ; Alex- ander Tackles d, 42. Congress, 1837. — Isaac E. Crary d, 265 ; Heze- kiah G. Wells w, 275. 183S. Congress, 1S3S. — Isaac E. Crary d, 704; Heze- kiah G. Wells w, 610. State senators, 1S38. — Jacob Summers d, 677 ; Ebenezer B. Harrington d, 671 ; Reuben R. Smith w. 611 ; Ira Porter w, 623. Representatives, 1838. — Isaac J. Grovier d, 693 Samuel Axford d, 661 ; Alexander Tackles d, 678 Richard Butler w, 565 ; Henry R. Schetterly d, 590 Ornon Archer w, 536 ; Minot T. Lane w, 45 ; Hiram Sherman w, 3 ; James L. Conger w, 25. Sheriff', 1838. — Calvin Davis d, 706 ; Orson Shel- don w, 595 ; Henry M. Dodge d, I. County commissioners, 183S. — Sanford H. Corbin d, 692 ; Ephraim Calkins d, 720 ; Solomon Porter d, 673 ; Ebenezer Hall vv, 582 ; Payne K. Leech w, 611; Azariah W. Sterling w, 613; Capt. Bachelor, I ; Richard Butler, i. Registrar of Deeds, 1838. — Thomas R. Bourne w, 585 ; Amos Dalby d, 719. County clerk, 1S38. — Amos Dalby d, 745 ; Calvin S. Williams vv, 557. Coroners, 1S38. — William Lewis d, 696 ; Alfred ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Goodell d, 6S9 ; Isaac Russ w, 5gS ; Linus S. Gil- bert w, 601 ; Ebenezer Hall. i. County surveyor, 183S. — Joel W. Manley d, 7S5 ; Orrin Southwell. 4S0. County Treasuiet. Henry M. Dodge d, 689 ; Nor- man Perry w, 610. 1839- Governor, 1839. — William Woodbridge w, Soy ; Elon Farnsworth d, 7S6. Lieutenant-Governor, 1839. — James W. Gordon vv, 807; Thomas Fitzgerald d, 783. Senator, 1839.— Robert ^- Eldredge d, S19; Jus- tin Rice w, 735. Representatives, 1839. — Dewitt C. Walker d, 797 ; Samuel Axford d, 792 ; John Stockton d, 789 ; Azariah W. Sterling w, 762 ; Hiram Andrews w, 761 ; James L. Conger w, 723 ; Alexander D. Thurston d, i ; Dexter Mussey w, i ; P. B. Thurs- ton w, I ; Richard Butler w, 2; Ebenezer Hall w, 2; Dr. E. Hall w, I. County commissioners. 1839. — Ephraim Calkins d, S08; Payne K. Leach w, 718: R. Butler,, i. Constitutional Amemhnent, 1839. — For amend- ment, 266 ; against amendment, 453. Court-House Loan, 1S39. — For the loan, 242; against the loan, 1,024. 1840. PresiJcntial Electors, 1840. — Charles Moran d, Kinsley S.Bingham d, Charles E. Stuart d, :r24; Thomas J. Drake w, John Van Fo<;sen w, Hezekiali G. Wells w, 9S2. Congress, 1840. — Alpheus Felch d, H39 ; Jacob M. Howard w, 973; Asa Avers w, i ; Richard But- ler w, I ; Gardner D. Williams w, i. Senator, 1S40. — James L. Conger w, 9S5 ; Dewitt C. Walker w, 1121. Representatives, 1S40. — John Stockton d. 1156; Gurden C. Leech d, 1122; Josiah Lee d, 1128; Wm. Henry Warren w, 947; Hiram Andrews w. 973 ; Minot T. Lane w, 971. Sheriff, 1840 — Lyman B. Price d, 1137; .■\zariah W. Sterling w. 975. Judge of Probate, 1840.— Peter S. Palmer d, •1128 ; Prescott B. Thurston w, 982. Treasurer, :840. — Henry M. Dodge d, I150; Joseph Hubbard w, 963. Comity clerk, 1840. — Orson Sheldon w, 943; Anios Dalby d, 1163. County Registrar, 1840. — Orson Sheldon w, 942 ; Amos Dalby d, 1162. County Juilges, 1840. — Azariah Prentis d, 11 14; Hiron Hathaway d, 1139; Ebenezer Hall w, 974 ; Justin H. Butler w, 974. Coroners, 1840. — Daniel Shattuck d, 1140; Masin Harris d, 1 137; Solomon Lathrop w, 975; Valorous Maynard w, 972. Surveyors, 1S40. — Joel W. Manley d, 1168; Joseph Cole, 940. County commissioners. — Neil Gray d, 1:26; Wm. M. Willey, 976. 1S41. Governor, 1S4T. — John S. B.irry d, 1033 '. Thilo C. Fuller w, 660; Jnbez S. Fitch, 7. Lieutenant-Governor. 1840. — Origen D. Richard- son d, 1030; Edmund B. Bostwick w, 661. .Senators, 1841. — Jonathan Shearer d, I0I2 ; Ly- man Granger d, 1014 ; Joshiah Snow w, 678 ; Syl- vester Warner w. 663. Representatives, 1841. — Charles B. H. Fessenden d, 994; Hiron Hathaway d. 982; Richard Butler w, 705 ; Geo. Perkins w, 640. County commissioners, 1841. — Henry Teats d, 1027 ; Alfred Ashley w, 625. Jiiifye of Probate, 1S41, to fill Vacancy. — Pres- cott B. Thurston w, 425; Porter Kibbee d, 437; Charles B. H. Fessenden d, 237. 1842. Senators, 1842. — Jonathan Shearer d, 809; Neil Gr.ay, Sr., d, 775 ; John Biddle w. 635 ; Minot T. Lane w, 658 ; Harvey .S. Bradley w, 46 ; Neil Gray. 40. Representatives, 1 842. — Samuel Axford d, 846 Horace H. Cady d, 797 ; Richard Butler w, 692 Solomon Lathrop w, 605 ; Linus F. Gilbert f s, 33 Chauncey Church f s, 40. Sheriff, 1842.— .^mos B. Cooley d, 816: Joseph Hubbard w, 597 ; Thomas L. Sackett f s, 44. Treasurer, 1842, — Thomas M. Perry d, S05 ; Prescott B. Thurston w, 677 ; Humphrey Shaw, 40; Asa B. Ayres, i. Registrar of recti s. 1842. — Amos Dalby d, 954 Almerin Tinker w, 549 ; Norton L. Miller, 40. County clet k, 1842. — Amos Dalby d, 975; Norton S. Miller w, 56S. County Surveyor, 1S42. — Joel W. Manley d, 946 ; CoUatinus Day w, 573. County coroner, 1842. — Josiah Lee d, 8gi; Daniel HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 4A Shattuck d, Sgo ; Benj. T. Castle w. 6io; David Stone w, 606; John Sowle f s, 34; Samuel H. Miller f s, 40. 1843. Governor, 1843. — John S. Barry d, SSg; Zina Pitcher w, 594; James G. Birney f s, 72. Lieutenant-Governor, 1S43. — Origen D. Richard- son d, S72 ; James B. Larne w. 590 ; Luther F. Stevens, 71. Congress, 1843. — James B. Hunt d, S93 ; Thomas J. Drake w, 487; William Canfield f s, 66. Senators, 1843. — Lorenzo M. Mason d, 839; True P. Tucker w, 656. Con. Ret-ryor, 1850. — Harvey Mellen d, 998 ; Ludwig Wesolouski w, 1161. County coroners, 1850. — Ira Spencer d, 1207 ; David H. Brown d, 1252 ; William A. Edwards w, 904 ; Orson Ingoldsby w, 901. Constitutional Amendments, 1850. — For the Amendments, 1294 ; against, 582. Suffrage to colored Persons. 1S50.— For suffrage, 448 ; against, 1375. 1851. Governor, 1851. — Robert McClellan d, 776; Townsend E. Gridley w, 386. Lieutenant-Governor, 1S51. — Calvin Britain d, 774 ; George H. Hazleton w, 3S7 ; Gabriel Yates — 2. Circuit Judge, 1 85 1.— Joseph T. Copeland d, 1244 ; Moses Wisner w, 923 ; Origin D. Richardson d, 10. Regent of the University, 1851.— Charles H. Palmer d, 1413 : Marcus H. Miles w, 756. 1852. Presidential Electors, 1852. — John S. Barry d, 1634 ; Wm. McCauley d, 1635 ; John Stockton d, 1633 ; Daniel I. Campau d, 1S34 ; Salmon Sharpe d, 1096 ; Abraham Edwards d, 1634 ; John Owens w, 1058 ; George A. Coe w, 1059 ; Townsend E. Grid- ley d, 1060 ; Daniel S. Bacon w, 1059 ! Alex. H. Morrison w, 1060 ; Wm. M. Thompson w, 1060 ; Chester Gurney a, 509 ; Horace Hallock a, 509 ; S. B. Treadwell a, 509 ; Robert R. Beecher a, 509 ; Nathan M. Thomas a, =109 ; Dewitt C. Leach a, 509. Congress, 1852. — Hester L.Stevens d, 1631 ; Geo. Bradley w, 1 124 ; Ephraim Calkins a, 424. Senator, 1852. — John S. Smith d, 1590 ; Ira H; Butteifield w, 1176 ; Levi W. Stone a, 412. Governor, 1S52.— Robert McClellan d, 164S ; Zachariah Chandler w, iioo ; Isaac P. Christiancy a. 449- Lieutenant-Governor, 1852. — Andrew Parsons d, 1665 ; David S. Walbridge w, 918 ; Erastus Hussey a, 474- Secretary of state, 1S52. — William Graves d, 1656 ; Geo. E. Pomeroy w, 1069 ; Francis Denison a. 479- Auditor General, 1S52. — John .Swegles d, 1653 . Whitney Jones w, 1071 ; William Wheeler a, 419. State Treasurer, 1852. — Bernard C. Whittemore d, 1657 ; Sylvester Abel w, 1066 ; Silas M. Holmes a, 478. Attorney General, \?ic,z. — William Hale d, 1651; Nathaniel Bacon w, 1073 ; Hovey K. Clark a, 477. Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1852. — Francis W. Shearman d, 1654 ; Joseph Penney w, 1066 ; Upton T. Howe a, 482. Commissioner state Land Office, 1852. — Porter ~a "V 316 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Kibbee d, 1677; Jonathan R. White w, 1033; Nathan Power a, 482. Sfii/t- Board of Educai'uni, 1S52. — Isaac E. Ciavy, d, 1522 ; Gideon O. Whittemore d, 1520 ; Chauncy Toslyn d, 1522 ; Joseph R. Williams w, 965 ; Syl- vester Lamed w, 965 ; George Spencer, 79 ; James A. B. Stone, 441 ; Edwin B. Fairfield, 440 ; Enoch M. Bartlett, 441 ; Grove Spencer w. 884. Representatives, 1852. — Samuel P. Canfield d, 5 58 ; William Jenny w, 526 ; Arnold Hardwood w, i; Oliver Adams w, 500 ; Arnold Hardwood w, igg ; William Jenny w, 14 • L. I. Wicker a, 217 ; Wm. A. Burt d, 504 ; Hiram Calkin w, 281. Judge of Probate. 1852.— Harlehigh Carter d, 136S ; Prescott B. Thurston w, 1459 ; Robert Mc- Kay f s, 345. Cireuil court coiiitnissiouers. 1852. — Andrew S. Robertson d, 1645'; Prescott B. Thurston w. 1256. Coitntv sheriff — Thomas Goldy d, 1518; Tru- man R. Andrews w, 1162 ; James Alexander a, 437. County clerk, 1852.— John S. Fletcher d, 1654 ; Charles Andrews w, 1058 ; Carlton Sabin a, 428. Prosecuting Attorney, 1852. — Abner C. Smith d, 1434 : Giles Hubbard w, 1442. Ref^islrar of Deeds, 1852. — John T. Traver d, 1517; Robert Thompson w, 1214; Henry C. Ed- gerly a, 440. County Treasurer. 1852. — Joshua B. Dickenson d, 1660 ; Justus R. Crandall w, 1034 ; David Chandler a. 481. County surveyor, 1852. — George E. Adair d, 1446; Ludwig Wesaloiiski w, 1253 ; Austin Burt a. 467. County coroners. — Abraham Freeland d, 1624 ; David 11. Brown d, 1635 ; Jacob P. Davis w, 1056 ; Lewis Drake w, 1054 ; Herman Palmerlee a, 469 ; Ed. I. Wooley a, 468. 1S54. Governor, 1854, — John S. Barry d, 1509; Kings- ley S. Bingham r, 1349. Lieutenant-Governor 1854. — William A. Rich- mond d, 1500; Geo. A. Coe r, 1328. Secretary of state, 1S54.— William L. Bancroft d, 1500; John McKenny r, 1363. Auditoi General, 1&S4- — John Svvegles d, 1499; Whitney Jones r, 1365. State Treasurer, 1854. — Deraslus Hinman d,i4g6; Silas M. Holmes r, 1368. Attorney General, 1854.— Benj. T. H. Witheral d, 1479; Jacob M. Howard r, 1362. Sup. Pull. Instruction, 1S54. — Francis W. Shear- man d, 1497 ; Ira Mahew r, 1360. Cojnmissioner state Lands. 1854. — Allen Good- rich d, 1501; S. B. Treadwell r, 1364. State Board of Education, 1854. — Chauncey Jos- lyn d, 1499; John R. Kellogg r, 1366; Elijah H. Belcher d, 1498 ; Hiram L. Miller r, 1367. Congress, 1854. — Geo. W. Peck d, 1495; Moses Wisner r, 1 372. Senator, 1854. — Cortez P. Hooker d, 1429; Wm. Canfield r, 1416. Representatives, 1854. — Hiron Hathaway d, 628 ; Isaac Gilbert r, 439 ; John L. Beebe r, 12 ; Philander Ewell d, 512 ; John L. Bebee r, 309; Hiron Hath- away d, 13; Wm. A. Burt d, 324; Dexter Mussey r, 60S. Circuit court commissioners, 1S54. — Abner C. Smith d, 1595 ; Prescott B. Thurston w, 1448. Sheriff. 1854.— Thomas Golby d, 1472; Elisha Calkins r, 1 347. County clerk, 1854. — Perrin Crawford d, 1534; Alvin L. Gilbert r, 1324. Prosecuting Attorney, 1854. — Harlehigh Carter d, 1301 ; Giles Hubbard r, 1492. Registrar of Deeds. 1854. —John Traver d, 1524; John D. Standish r, 1311. County Treasurer, 1854. — Joshua B. Dickinson d, 14S7; Thomas L. Sackett r, 1344. County surveyor, 1854. — George E. Adair d 1492; Austin Burt r, 1363. County coroners. 1854. — Israel Curtiss d, 1492; D. H. Brown d, 1499; Herman Palmerlee r, 1367; Andred I. Heath r, 1368. 1S56. Presidential Electors. 1856. — Michael Shoemaker, d, 1,845; Jonathan ^- l'^i"g d, 1,846; Robert Crouse d, 1,846; David A. Noble d, 1,846; John C. Blan- chard d, 1,846 ; Dewitt C. Walker d, 1,844; F- C. Beaman r, 2,210; Harmon Chamberlain r, 2,210; Chauncy H. Miller r, 2,210; Oliver Johnson r, 2210; William H. Withey r, 2,210; William J. Drake r, 2,210; Rodney C. Paine, 30; Peter R. Adams, 30 ; H. W. Wells, 30 ; John V. Lyons, 30 ; Geo. W. Perkins, 30; Abram B. Covell. Congress, 1856.— Dewitt C. Leech r, 2,217 J Geo. W. Peck d, 1861. Represeritatives, 1856. — Thomas M. Crocker d, ^ HISTORY OF JIACOMB COUNTY. 667; Alonzo A. Goodman r, S27 ; William Brow- nell d, 610 ; Geo. Moorhouse r, 590 ; Dexter Mus- sey r. 866 ; Dewitt C. Walker d, 4S2. Governor, 1S56 — Kingsley S. Bingham r, 2,205 . Alpheus Felch d, 1,872. Lieutenant-Governor, 1856 — Geo. A. Coe r. 2.217; Edwin H. Lathrop d, 1,867. Secretary oj slate, 1856 — John McKenny r, 2,- 217; F. H. Steven.s d, 1867. Auditor General, 1856.^ — David B. Dennis d, 1,867; AY hltney Jones r, 2,215. Stale Treasurer, 1856.— Robert W. Davis d, 1,867; S. M. Holmes r, 2,215. Attorney General, \%^t>. — Amos Gould d, 1,864; Jacob M. Howard r, 2,215. Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1S56. — F. W. Shearman d, 1,864 ; Ira W. Mayhew r, 2,218. Commissioner state Land Office, 1856.-- Allen Goodrich d, 1,868 ; S. B. Treadwell" r, 2,213. Member state Board of Education, 1S56. — Daniel Blackman d, 1,862 ; George Willard r, 2,213. Senator, 1856. — William Canfield r, 2,293; Alon- zo M. Keeler d, 1,761. Circuit court commissioners, 1856. — Harlehigh Carter d, 1,780; Eli^ha F. Mead r, 2,281. Sheriff, 1856.— Robert S. Campbell d. 1870; Charles G. Lamb r, 2,202. County clerk, 1856. — Julius Rottman d, 1,848 ; John B.Ellsworth r, 2,221. Prosecuting Attorney, 1856. — Andrew S. Robert- son d, i,8gi ; Richard Butler r, 2,l6S. Registrar of Deeds, 1S56. — Sanford M. Stone d, 1869; Norton L. Miller r, 2,208. Judge of Probate, 1856.— PhiloTillson d, 1,789; Prescott B. Thurston r, 2,268. County Treasurer, 1856. — Robert Teats d, 1,862; Charles B. Matthews r, 2,214. County surveyor, 1856. — Ludwig Wesalouski d, i,g8S ; Addison P. Brewer r, 2,192. County coroners, 1856. — Henry O. Taylor d, 1,871 ; John Milton d, 1,869 ! Chauncey G. Cady r, 2,206; Herman Palmerlee r, 2,200. 1857- Chief jFustice supreme court, 1 85 7. — George Martin r, 1,291; Samuel T. Dougl.iss d, 1,169. Associate Justices, 1857. — Isaac P. Christiancy r, 1,292 ; James V. Campbell r, 1,292 ; Randolph Manning r, 1,296; Warner Wing d, I,i6g; Abner Pratt d, 1,152 ; David Johnson d, 1,154. Circuit Judge, 1857. — Sanford M. Green r, 2,410; Harlehigh Carter d, i. Regents of the University, iZ^l.-'G^o. W. Peck r, 1,287; James B. Eldridge d, 1,176. Governor, 1858. — Moses Wisner r, 1,791 ; Charles E. Stewart d, 1,629. Lieutenant-Governor, 1S5S. — Edmund B. Fair- field r, 1,818 ; Geo. C. Munroe d, 1,622. Secretary of stale. 1858.— Nelson G. Isbell r. 1,807; Jonathan P. King d, 1,625. Auditor General, 1S58. — Daniel L. Case r, i.Sog ; John J. Adams d, 1,622. State Treasurer, 1858. — John McKinney r, 1, 812; Edward Carter d, 1,620. Attorney General, 1858. — Jacob M. Howard r, 1,809: J.G.Sutherland d, 1,622. Superintendent Public Instruction, 1S58. — John M. Gregory r, 1,813; Dan. C. Jacokes d, 1,617. Commissioner state Land Office, 1858. — James W. Sanborn r, 1,806 ; John Ball d, 1,622. State Board of Education, 1858.— Wittier J. Bax- ter r, 1,810; Andrew N. Moore d, 1.622. Congress, I S5S.— Robert W. Davis d. 1,622 ; DeWitt C. Leach r, i,8ii. Senator, 1858.— William Canfield r, I.813 ; Wil- liam Brownell d, 1,598. Representatives, 1858. — Robert Thompson r, 734; Geo. F.Stewart d, 597 ; Henry L. Reeves d, 597 ; Geo. Bolam r, 42S ; Dexier Mussey r, 687 ; Har- vey Mellen d, 35S. Circuit court commissioner, 1858. — Elisha F. Meade r, 1,819; Harlehigh Carter d, 1,590. County sheriff, 1858. — Charles C. Lamb r, 1.824 ; James P. St. John d, 1,593. County clerk, 1858. — Henry O. Smith r, 1,820 ; John A. Fletcher d, 1,596. Prosecuting Attorney, 1858. — Giles Hubbard r, 1,844; Andrew S. Robertson d, 1,569. Registrar of Deeds, 1S5S.— Norton L. Miller r, 1,867; Jackson Freeman d, 1,554. County Treasurer, 185S. — Charles B. Matthews r, 1,827; Justin R. Crandall d, 1,593. County surveyor, 1858. — Addison P. Brewer r, 1,813; John Mellen d, 1, 616. County coroners, 1858. — .\aron B. Rawles r, 1,907 ; Robert D. Smith r, 1,919; Henry O. Taylor d, 1,623 ; George Chandler d, 1,618. V HISTORY OF MAC0M15 COUNTY. tiL 1859. Chief yusticc superior court, 1859. — George Martin r, 1,932; Alpheus Felch d, 1,671. 1S60. Presidential Electors, i860.— H. G. Wells r, Riifus Homer, Geoige W. Lee. Ed. Donah, Rhylota Hay- den, Augustus Coburn, 2,534 ; George W. Peck d, Charles E. Stewart, Augustus Weideman, Stephen G. Clerk, P. H. Hodenpyl, Andrew S. Robertson, 2,166 ; Jacob Beeson, Robert P. Eldridge, Barnabas Case, Peter Morey, 15 ; W.V.Morrison, II ; R. W. Adams, 15; H. P. Bridge, 14; J. R. Jones, 15; George Warner, 15; Charles E. Niles. 14; John Cooper, 15 ; Henry H. Treadway, 14. Congress, 1S60. — Rowland E. Trowbridge r, 2,537; Edward H. Thompson d, 2,197. Governor, 1S60. — Austin Blair r, 2,523; John S. Barry d, 2,213. Lieutenant-Governor, 1S60. — James Birney r, 2,527; William M. Fenton d, 2,212. ► Seoetary of state, i860. — James B. Porter, 2,534 ; William Francis, 2,210. Auditor General, 1S60. — Langford G. Berry, 2.535 ; Henry Penoyer d, 2,209. State Treasurer, i860. — John Owen r, 2,532 ; Elon Farnsworth d, 2,207. Attorney General, 1S60. — Charles Upton r, 2,532; Chauncey Joslyn d, 2,211. Superintendent Public Imtruction, 1S60. — John M. Gregory r, 2,539; Francis W. Shearman d, 2,201. Commissioner state Land OJJice, i860. — Samuel S. Lacey r, 2,533; Samuel L. Smith d, 2,210. Member state Board Education, i860. — Edwin Willett r, 2,532; John V. Lyon d, 2,210. Senator, 1S60. — Ira H. Butterfield r, 2,516; Geo. H. Stuart d, 2,210. Representatives, i860. — Thomas M. Wilson r, S89 . Joshua B. Dickenson d, 862 ; Payne K. Leach r, 630; William Brownell d, 820; De.xter Mussey f, 943; Joshua W. Davis d, 559; Charles Mal- lary, 3. Sheriff, i860. — Joseph Hubbard r, 2,449; John L. Benjamin d, 2,274. County Treasurer, 1S60. — Edward C. Gallup r, 2,474; Jacob Hitchler d, 2,225. Registrar of Deeds, 1S60. — George W. French r, 2,480; Justus R. Crandall d, 2,225. County clerk, 1S60. — Menry O. Smith r, 2,537; William H. Clark, Jr. d, 2,200. Judge of Probate, i860.— Isaac B. Gilbert r, 2,466; John Stockton d, 2,262. Prosecuting Attorney, i860. — Elisha F. Mead r, 2,544; Harlehigh Carter d, 2,169. Circuit court commissioners, i860. — Samuel S. Gale r, 2,538; Seth K. Schetterly d, 2,205. County surveyor, 1S60, — George H. Freeman r, 2.49S ; Milton Nye d, 2,251. County coroners, iZbo. — Aaron B. Rawles r, 2,530 ; Chauncey G. Cady r, 2,530; John B. St. John d, 2,101 ; Joshua B. Dickenson d, 2;205 ; James B St. John, 106. State Laivs, 1S60. — To amend banking law, yes, 1,760; to amend banking law, no, 295; legislative sessions law, yes, 1,607 ; legislative sessions law, no, 421; Sec. 2, Art. 18, con., yes, 1,734; Sec. 2, Art. 18, con., no, 6g. 1861. Associate Justices S. C, 1861. — Randolph Man- ning r, 1641 ; Charles I. Walker d, iioi. 1S62. Congress, I'&iii. — Augustus C. Baldwin d, 1794; Rowland E. Trowbridge r, 1911. Governor, 1862. — Austin Blair r, 1903 ; Byron G. Stout d, igo6. Lieutenant-Governor, 1862. — Charles S. May r, 1895 ; Henry S. Ripley d, 1825. Secretary of state, 1 862. — James B. Porter r, 1 893; Wm. R. Montgomery d, 1924. Auditor General, 1862. — Emil Anneke r, 1899; Rodney C. Payne d, 1922. State Treasurer, 1862. — John Owen r, 1884 ; Charles C. Trowbridge d, 1925. Attorney General, 1862.— Albert Williams r, 1895; John T. Holmes d, 1924. Commissioner state Land Office, 1862. — Samuel S. Lacey r, igo8 ; Charles F. Herman d, 1914. Superintendent Public Lnstruction, i86j. — John M. Gregory r, 1898 ; Thomas H. Sinex d, 1918. Member state Board Education, 1862. — Edward Dorsch r, 1896; Daniel E. Brown d, 1923. Senators, 1S62. ^Andrew S.Robertson d, 192S ; Ira H. Butterfield r, 1884. Representatives, 1862. — James B. Eldredge d, 720; Geo. B. Van Eps r, 6S2 ; Charles S. Groesbeck d, 734 ; A. W. Aldrich r, 407 ; Charles F. Mallary r, 817; John H. Brabbd, 417. ^-. >>, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 319 Liiw and constitutional Ameniimints, 1S62. — Banking, Yes, 343 — No, 10 ; Removals from Office, Yes, 213 — No, 4 ; Regents of University, Yes, 343 — No, I ; Election in Upper Peninsula, Yes, 353 — No, I ; Constitutional Amendments, Yes, 341 — No. 16. Sheriff, 1S62.— Joseph Hubbard r, 1927; William Summers d, 1888. County clerk, 1S62. — Henry O. Smith r, 1927; Edwin R. Bentley d, 1SS5. Registrar of Deeds, 1S62. — Thomas L. Sackett r, 193S ; Wm. H. Clark, Jr. d, 1873. County Treasurer, 1862. — Edward C. Galhip r, 1595 ; Justus R. Crandall d, 1915. Prosecuting Attorney, 1862. — Elisha F. Mead r, 1S60 ; Thomas M. Crocker d, 1945. Circuit court commissioners, 1S62. — Samuel S. Gala r, 1S86; Joseph Chubb r, 1S92 ; Harlehigh Carter d, 1914 ; Seth K. Schetterly d, 1927. County Surveyor, 1862. — Geo. H. Cannon r, iSSS; Ludwig Wesalouski d, 1923. County coroners, 1862. — Aaron B. Rawles r, 1S92, Joshua Dickenson r, 189S; John Moorehouse d. 1596 ; George Mead d, 1921. 1863. Associate Justices, 1S63. — James V. Campbell r, 1S19 ; David Johnson d, 2006. Regents of University, 1S63. — Henry C. Knight r, 1812; Thomas D. Gilbert r, 1S14 ; Edward C. Walker r, 1S07 ; J. E. Johnson r, 1814 ; Geo. W. Mead r, 1S14 ; James A. Sweezey r, 1S12; Alvah Sweetzer r, 1S13 ; Thomas J. Joslyn r, 1814; Oliver C. Comstock d, 2012 ; Wm. A. Moore d, 2015 ; Zina Pitcher d, 201S ; Nathaniel A. Balch d, 201 1 ; Charles H. Richmond d, 2011; Adam L. Roof d, 201 1 ; Elijah F. Burt d, 201 1; Joseph Coulter d, 20U. Circuit Judge, :863. — Sanford M.Green d. 2004; Zephaniah B. Knight r, 1838; Robert P. Eldredge d, 5. 1S64. Presidential Electors, lit^. — Samuel T. Douglass d, 2177 ; Rix Robinson d, 2177; Henry Hart d, 2177; Royal T. Twombley d, 2177; D. Darwin Hughes d, 2177; John Lewis d, 2177 ; Michael C. Crofoot d, 2177 ; Richard Edwards d, 2177 ; Robert E. Beecher r, 2041 ; Thomas D. Gilbert r, 2041 ; Frederick Waldorf r, 2041 ; Marsh Giddings r, 2041; Christian Eberbach r, 2041 ; Perry Hannah r, 2041 ; Omar D. Conger r, 2041 ; Geo. W. Peck r, 2041. Congress, 1864. — Augustus C. Baldwin d, 2177 ; Rowland E. Trowbridge r, 2054. Justice supreme court, 1S64. — Thomas M. Cooley r, 2052; Alpheus Felch d, 2180. Governor, 1864. — Henry H. Crapo r, 2050; Wm. M. Fenton d, 21S1. Lieutenant-Governor, 1864. — Eben. O. Grosvenor r, 2052; Martin S. Bracketts d, 2180. Secretary of State, 1864. — James B. Porter r, 2052; Geo. B. Turner d, 21S0. Ajiditor-General, 1864. — Emil Anneke r, 2051 ; Charles W. Butler d, 21S0. State Treasurer. 1S64. — John Owen r, 2052 ; Geo. C. Munro d, 21S0. Attorney General, 1S64. — Albert Williams r, 2051 ; Levi Bishop d, 2180. Commissioner Land Office, 1S64. — Cyrus Hewitt r, 2051 ; Geo. M. Rich d, 21S0. Superintendent Public Instruction, 1S64. — Ota- mel Hosford r, 2051 ; John D. Pierce d. 21S0. Member Board of Education, 1S64. — Walter J. Barden r, 2151 ; O. C. Comstock d, 2180. Senator, 1864. — Giles Hubbard r, 2276 ; Wm. M. Cambell d, 2204. Representatives, 1S64. — Peter Schaes r, 819 ; Geo. H. Stuart d, 792 ; James B. Eldredge d, 2 Horace H. Cady d, 975 ; Chauncey G. Cady r, 4S0 ; Chas. F. Mallary r, 902 ; Philo Tillson d, 450. Sheriff, 1864.— Haswell Church r, 2256 ; Geo. E. Adair d, 2226 ; Charles Barnes, i. Judge of Probate, 1864. — Henry O. Smith r, 2254; Thomas M. Crocker d, 2232 ; Henry A. Shaw, 2, County cleik, 1S64. — William M. Connor r, 2267; James Whiting d, 2217 ; J. R. Crandall, 2. Registrar of Deeds, \i>(i\. — Thomas L. Sackett r, 2315 ; Joshua B. Dickinson d, 2175. County Treasurer, 1864. — John W. Leonard r, 2223; Justin R. Crandall d, 2250; Thomas L. Sackett r, I. Prosecuting Attorney, 1864. — Joseph Chubb r, 2234 ; James B Eldredge d, 2245. County surveyor, 1864- — Oscar Burgess r, 2263 ; Milton Nye d, 2226 ; J. B. Eldredge, i. Circuit court commissioners, 1864. — Edgar Weeks r, 225S ; David E. Earl r, 2231 ; Harlehigh Carter d, 2214 ; Seth K. Shetterly d, 2217. County coroners, 1S64. — Joshua Dickinson r, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 'iL 2255 : Aaion B. Ravvis r, 2258 ; John Moorehouse d, 2225 ; John Van Horn d, 2229. 1S65. Associate Justici- supit-ine court, 1865. — Isaac P. L'hristiancy, 1374. Regents of the University, 1865. — Edward C. Walker, 1241 ; George Willard, 1241 ; Ebenezer Wells, 172 ; Oliver Comstock, 172. 1S66. Congress, 1S66. — Rowland E. Trowbridge r, 2475 ; William L. Bancroft d, 2i6g. Governor^ 1S66. — Henry H. Crapo r, 2461 ; Al- pheus S. Williams d, 2185. Lieutenant-Governor, 1S66, — Dwight May r, 2465; John G. Parkhurst d, 2193. Secretary of state, l866. — Oliver L. Spaulding r, 2468; Bradley M. Thompson d, 21S1. Slate Treasurer, 1S66. — Eben. O. Grosvenor r, 2467 ; Luther H. Trask d, 2182. Auditor General, 1866. — William Humphrey r, 2468 ; George Spaulding d, 2182 ; James Whiting, I. Snpointendent Pitblic Instruction, 1S66. — Ora-* rael Hosford r, 246S ; Samuel Clements, Jr. d, 2182. Commissioner state Land Office, 1866. — Benj. D. Pritchard r, 2469; Louis Dillman d, 2182. Attornev General, 1866. — William L. Stoughton r, 2468; George Grayd, 21S2. Member Board of Education, 1866. — Edwin Willetts r, 246S ; John W. Birchmore d, 21S4. Revision of the constitution, 1866. — For revision, 1224 ; against, 459. Soldiers' Voting, 1S66. — For amendment, 1224 ; against, 375. Senator, 1866. — Charles Andrews r, 2453 ; Har- vey Mellen d, 2191. Sheriff, 1866. — Hasvvell Church r, 2462 ; George E. Adair d, 2179. Registrar of Deeds, 1866. — Thomas L. Sackett r, 2559 ; Joshua B. Dickenson d, 2080. County clerk, 1866. — William M. Connor r, 2508 ; James Whiting d, 2140; George E. Adair, i. County Treasurer, 1866. — Josiah T. Robinson r. 2360 ; Justus R. Crandall d, 2295. Prosecuting Attorney, ] 866. ■ — Edgar Weeks r, 2457 ; James B. Eldridge d, 2172. Circuit court commissioners, 1866. — Arthur L. Canfield r, 2518; Irving D. Hanscomb r, 2479; Lorenzo G. Sperry d, 2177; Harlehigh Carter d, 2091. County surveyor, 1866. — Oscar S. Burgess r, 2446; Jdhn Mellen d, 2203. County coroners, 1S66. — Aaron B. Rawles r, 247I; Gilbert Longstaff r, 2470 ; William Summers d, 2183 ; John Milton d, 2183. Representatives, 1866.— Sanford M. Stone d, 783 Peter Schars r, 991 ; Seth K. Shetterley d, 965 Charles S. Hutchins r, 560 ; Elisha F. Mead r, 878 Oran Freeman d, 412. 1S67. Delegates to constitutional convention, 1867. — Oicar S. Burgess r, 1762 ; Dexter Mussey r, 1832 ; W. W. Andrus r, 1828; Thomas M. Crocker d, 1S43; Sanford M. Stone d, 1773. Seth K. Shetterly d, 1751 , Hiram Barrows, i. Justice of the supreme court, 1867. — Benjamin F. Graves r, 1S46 ; Sandford M. Green d, 1755. Regents of the University, 1S67.— William M. Ferry, Jr. d, 1747 ; Ebenezer Wells d, 1747 ; Thos. D. Gilbert r, 1858 ; Hiram A. Burt r, 1853. Circuit Judge, 1867. — James S. Dewey r, 1854; William T. Mitchell d, 1738. iel B. Briggs r, 1892 ; James Whiting d, 170S. County superintendent of schools, 1867. — Dan- 1S68. Presidential Electors, 1868— Charles M. Crosswell r, John Burt r, William Doellz r, C. W. Clisbee r, C. T. Gorham r, B. M. Cutcheon r, 2791 ; Giles Hubbard r, 2787 ; M. C. T. Plessner r, 2791 ; Peter White d, Fred V. Smith d, Ed. Kanter d, George B, Turner d, Fidus_ Livermore d, William M. Ferry d, M. E. Crofoot d. William R. Stafford d, 2668. Congress, 186S — Omar D. Conger r, 2775 ; Byron G. Stout d, 2704. Governor, 186S — Henry P. Baldwin r, 2795 ; John Moore d, 2681. Lieutenant-Governor, 186S — Morgan Bates r, 2790; Salathiel C. Coffenberry d, 2684. Secretary of state, 1 868 — Oliver L. Spaulding r, 2790; Richard Baylis d, 2682. State Treasurer, 1S68 — Ebenezer O. Grosvenor r, 2790; John F. Miller d, 2685. Attorney General, 1868 — Dwight May r, 2789 ; Augustus C. Baldwin d, 2686. Commissioner state Land Office, 1868 — Benjamin D. Pritchard r, 2790 ; Henry Grinnel d, 2685. c 1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. LliL Auditor General, iS68 — William Humphrey r, 2788 ; Louis Dillman d, 2788. Superintendent Public Instruction, 1868 — Or.imel Hosford r, 2791 ; Duane Doty d, 2684. Member itate Boaid of Education, 1S68— Daniel E. Brown r, 2788 ; Isaac W. Bush d, 2686. Senator, 1868 — Charles Andrews r, 2751 ; Harvey Mellen d, 2726. Representatives, 1868 — Norton L. Miller r, 10S4 ; Sanford M. Stone d, 1815 ; Florell C. McCoy r, 643 ; Fred G. Kendrick d, 1183 ;EUshaF. Mead r, 1023 ; Horace H. Spencer d, 487. Sheriff, 1S68— Haswell Church r, 283S ; 1. Ward Davis d, 2629. Judge of Probate, 1868 — Thomas L. Sackett r, 27S8, Thomas M. Crocker d, 2681. County clerk, 1868 — William M. Connor r, 2S12 ; Hiron F. Corbin d, 263S. Registrar of Deeds, 1868 — Alonzo M. Keeler r, 2793'; James Whiting d, 2669. County Treasurer, 186S — Joseph Hubbard r, 2752 ; Oliver Chapaton d, 2755, Piosecuting Attorney, 186S — Edgar Weeks r, 28i6;Seth K. Shetterly d, 2635. County surveyor, 1868 — Oscar S. Burgess r, 2792 ; Morgan Nye d, 2635. Ciicuit court commissioners, 186S — Arthur L. Canfield r, 2803 ; Irving D. Hauscomb r, 2804 ; Lorenzo G. Sperry d, 2639 ; William H. Clark Jr. d, 2663. County coroners, 1868 — William R. Sutton r, 2795 ; Aaron B, Rawles r, 2789 ;, George St. John d, 2680 ; William Roy d, 2683. Revision of the constitution, etc., etc., 1 863 — For adoption, 1570; against, 2S77 ; for annual sessions, 178; for biennial sessions, 1369; for Prohibition, 1430; against Prohibition, 1977. Justice of the supreme court, 1869.— Thomas M. Couley r, 1891 ; D. Darwin Hughes d, 1926. Regents of the University, 1869 — Jonas H. McGowan r, 1S7S ; Joseph Estabrook r, i3o6 ; John F. Miller d, 2013; John M. B. Sill d, 1935. Circuit Judge, 1869 — Elisha F. Mead r, 137S ; William T. Mitchell d, 1953. County superintendent common schools, 1869 — Daniel B. Briggs r, 2012 ; James Whiting d, 1632. County drain commissioner, 1869 — Jonathan Wells r, 1886 ; George E. Adair d, 1915. 2574; 1870. Governor, 1870. — Charles C. Comstock d, Henry P. Baldwin r, 2382 ; Henry Fish, 38. Lieutenant-Governor, 1870. — Jacob A. T. Wen- dell d, 2579; Morgan Bates r, 2379 ; Emory Cur- tiss, 35. Secietaiy of state, 1870. — Jonathan W. Flanders d, 2578 ; Daniel Striker r, 2384 ; John Graves, I ; John Evans. 33. Slate Treasurer, 1870. — Andrew J. Bovvne d. 2579 ; Victory P. Collier r, 2382 ; Oliver Chapaton, 2 ; Luman R. Atpater, 32. Attorney General, 1870. — JohnAtkinson d, 2579; Dwight May r, 2304 ; Eben G. Fuller, 32. Commissioner state Land Office, li-jo. — John G. Hubinger d, 25S0 ; Charles A. Edmonds r, 2385 ; James H. Ilartwell. 32. Auditor General, 1870. — Charles W. Butler d, 2579 : William Humphrey r, 23S4 ; Charles K. Car- penter, 32. Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1S70. — Duane Doty d, 25S7 ; Oramel Hosford r, 2879 ; Asa Mahan, 31. Member State Board of Education, 1S70.— W. Irving Bennett d, 3582 ; Witter J. Baxter r. 23S3 ; Ebenezer Hunt, 31. The vote on allowing Supervisors' Boards to raise $2000 per annum for the repair and construc- tion of public highways, buildings, and bridges ; the vote for amending the article relating to the appor- tionment of Representatives, and the qualifications of electors, the vote relative to salaries of State Officers and Judges of the Circuit Courts ; the vote on impartial sufifrage , the vote on the change in the law, as it regarded railroads, were severally ap- proved or condemned by the people of Macomb in 1S70 — the county giving an affirmative vote ranging from 775 to 1337, and a negative vote ranging from 4 to 2736. Congress, 1870. — Byron G. Stout d, 2581 ; Omar D. Conger r, 23S3 ; James S. Smart, 25. Senator, 1870. — Horace H. Cady d, 2457 ; Gil- bert Hathaway r, 2470. Representatives, 1S70. — Norton L. Miller r, 952 ; Lucius H. Canfield d, 946 ; Hiram D. Runyan d, 991 ; Gustavus Schuchard r, 568 ; Seth K. Shetterly, 53 ; Deliverance S. Priest r, 930 ; Elias W. Lyon d, 506. Sheriff, 1S70.— Fred. G. Kendrick d, 2637 ; HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. Horace A. Lathrop r, 2325 ; Alonzo M. Keeler.'l ; Henry Meynell, 4. County clerk, 1S70. — Charles S. Groesbeck d, 2548 ; William M. Connor r, 2430. Registrar cf Deeds, 1870. — Geo. W. Robertson d, 2529 ; Alonzo M. Keeler r, 2445. County Treasurer, 1S70. — Oliver Chapaton d, 2703. George J. Grovier r, 2272. Prosecuting Attorney, l&^o.—]s.me% B. Eldredge d, 2613; Wm. Jenny Jr. r, 2369. County surveyor, 1S70. — Geo. E. Adair d, 2567 ; Cortez Fessenden r, 2391. Circuit court commissioners, 1870. — W. H. Clark Jr. d, 25S4 ; Geo. M.Crocker d, 2604; Irving D. Hanscom r, 2364 ; Arthur L. Canfield r, 2401. County coroners, 1S70. — Sanfoid M. Stone d, 2576 ; Cortez V. Hooker d, 2576 ; Robert A. Barton r, 2406 ; Levi Hoard r, 2407. 1871. Justice supreme court, 1871. — James V. Campbell r, 1877; D. Darwin Hughes d, 2196 ; Albert Wil- liamsi 87. Regents of the University, 1871. — Claudius B. Grant r, 1908 ; Charles Rynd r, 1908; I. M. B. Sill d, 216S ; C. B. Fenton d, 2168 ; Wm. W. Baldwin, 88; Jos. S. Tuttle 88. County superintendent of common schaols, 1S71. — Daniel B. Briggs r, 17S4; Sidney H. Woodford d, 222S. County drain commissioner, 1871. — George E. Adair d, 2035 ; James S. Lawson r, 2005. 1872. Presidential Electors, 1S72.— Eber B. Ward and ten others r, 2546; Geo. V. Lathrop and ten others d, 2161; Charles P. Russell and ten others 85; Austin Wales and ten others 72. Congress, 1872. — Omar D. Conger r, 3487; John H. Richardson d, 2314; Squire E. Warren Pro., 61. Governor, 1872 — John J. Bagley r, 2465; Austin Blair d, 2311; Henry Fish pro, 70; Wm. M. Ferry 54- Lieutenant-Governor, 1872. — Henry H. Holt r, 2452; John C. Blanchard d, 2330; Wm. G. Brown pro, 69 ; Charles Woodruff 54. Secretary of state, 1872. — Daniel Striker d, 2453; Geo. H. House d, 2333; John Evans 68; Thomas C. Cutler 54. State Treasurer, 1872.— Victor P. Collier r, 2461; Jos. A. Holton d, 2334; Elias C. Manchester 69; Clement M. Davison 54. Auditor General, 1872. — William Humphrey r, 2454; Neil O'Hearn d, 2333; William Allmon 68; Cyrus Feabody 54. Attorney General, 1S72.— Byron D. Ball r, 2446; D. Darwin Hughes d, 2332; D. P. Sagindorph 68; Wm. A. Clark 54. Superintendent of Public Instruction, 1872. — Dan- iel B. Briggs r, 253S; Willard Stearns d, 2239; M. A. Daugherty 63; A. J.»Sawyer52. Commissioner state Land Office, 1872. — L. A. Clapp r, 2454; G. H. Murdock d, 2333; Joseph S. Tuttle 68; Ira D. Crouse 54. Member State Board of Education, 1872. — Edward Dorsch r, 2445; Edward Feldner d, 2330; Martin A. Brown 6g; Christian Vanderbeen 53. Sejiator, 1872, vacancy. — Seymour Brownell d, 1016; J. S. P. Hathaway r, S85. Senator, No. i, 1872. — James S. P. Hathaway r, 2323; John N. Mellen d, 2461; Lafayette Warren 50; Riely C. Cone 40. Representatives, 1872. — Horace H. Cady d, 1426; Payne K. Leech r, 856; James M. Payne 8; D. S. Priest r, 1518; J. M. Potter d, 972; Alex Shelp 45. Sheriff, 1872. — Nelson H. Miller r, 2269; Fred G. Hendricks d, 2559; James Gass 45; Peter Ladors Judge of Probate, 1S72.— Thomas L. Sackett r, 2481; Thomas M. Crocker d, 2336; Oran Freeman 53; Morgan Nye 53. County clerk, 1872. — David C. Cobuvn r, 2295; Charles S. Groesbeck d, 2512; Clark Stephens 33; Watson Lyons, 62. Registrar of Deeds, 1872. — Alonzo M. Keeler r, 24*1: Geo. W. Robertson d, 2411; Theodore Mosher 29; Wm. R. Sutton 44. County Treasurer. 1872. — Geo. B. Van Eps r, 2213; Oliver Chapaton d, 2592; Judge Preston 37; Hiram Squires 63. Prosecuting Attorney, 1872. — Wm. Jenny Jr. r, 2365; James B. Eldredge d, 2438; Lorenzo G. Sperry 35; Joseph Chubb 62. County Surveyor, 1872. — Oscar S. Burgess r, 2450; Geo. E. Adair d, 2308; Morgan Nye 64. Circuit court commissioners, 1872. — Dwight N. Lowell r, 2463; Lewis M. Miller r, 2463; Wm. H. Clark Jr. d, 2382; (ieo. M. Crocker d, 2337; John Starkweather 66; Joseph Cliubbs62. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. County coroners, 1S72. — Martin Buzzell r, 2424; Stephen S. Merrill r, 1577; George H. Stuart d, 2382; Cortez P. Hooker d, 2249; Hiram H. Kelsey 64; Alfred Van Voorhoes 65; Geo. N. Nunnerly 40; Victor A. Morass 40; Stephen H. Merrill 856. 1873. Justice Supreme court, 1S73. — Isaac P. Christian- cy, 3952. Regents of the University, 1873. — Duane Doty d, 2044; Andrew M. Fitch d, 2039; Edward C. Walker r, 1S6S ; Andrew Climie, Oscar D. Spaulding, 17 ; Reynold Kelley, 41. County Superintendents of Schools, 1873. — Spen- cer B. Russell d, 2073; Robert G. Baird r, 1S40. 1874. Congress, 1874. — Enos Goodrich d, 2592 ; Omar D. Conger r, 1S93 ; Henry Fish, 146. Governor, 1S74. — Henry Chamberlain d, 2638 ; John J. Bagley r, 1S67; C. K. Carpenter p, 167. Lieutenant-Governor, 1874. — Fred. Hall d, 2639 ; H. H. Holt r, 1874; T. A. Granger p, 169. Secretaiy of State, 1874. — George H. House d, 2638 ; E. G. D. Holden r, 1872 ; Samuel W. Baker p, 16S. State Treasurer, 1S74. — Joseph M. Sterling d, 2637 ; W. B. McCreery r, 1S71 ; James J. Mead p, 169, Auditor General, 1874. — John L. Evans d, 2636; Ralph Ely r, 1872 ; Joseph Newman p, 171. Attorney General, 1874. — M. V. Montgomery d, 2637 ; Andrew J. Smith r, 1S72 ; Albert Williams p, 169, Superintendent Public Instruction, 1S74. — Duane Doty d, 2631; Daniel B. Briggs r, 1S76; John Evans p, 159. Com'nissionee State Land Offce, 1S74. — C. W. Green d, 2637 ; L. A. Clapp r, 1S74 ; T. S. Skinner p, i6g. Member Board of Education, 1S74. — E. W. An- drews d, 263S; Edgar Rexford r, 1S73 ; John D. Lewis p. 169. Representatives, 1874. — Casper P. Schettler d, 1552; Levi J. Stickney r, 605; Calvin Bush p, 99; Cortez P. Hooker d, 1093 ; Thomas M. Wilson r, 1124 ; Charles E. Davis p, 98. Senator, 1874. — John N. Mellen d, 2855 ; Norton C. Miller r, 1654 ; Dwight P. Breede p, 142. Sheriff, :S74.— Winfield S. Hathaway d, 2677; Robert A. Barton r, 1824; Harry Briggs p, 173. County clerk, 1874. — Charles S. Groesbeck d, 2741; Perry M. Bentley r, 1740; Morgan Nye p, 155. Registrar of Deeds, 1874. — Traugott Longers- hausen d, 2390; George McCioskey r, 2079 1 Wm. R. Sutton p, 159. County Treasurer, 1S74. — Oliver Chapaton d, 2642 ; John Otto r, 1839; Loren Andrus p, 148. Prosecuting Attorney, 1S74. — James B. Eldridge d, 2720; Wm. Jenney, Jr. r, 1805 ; Joseph Chubb p. 109. County Surreyor, 1S74. — Cl.irence M. Stephens d, 2709; Oscar S. Burgess r, 1791 ; Albert G. Jepson P, 157- Circuit court connnlssioners, 1S74. — Geo. M. Crocker d, 2625 ; Wm. H. Clark d, 2611 ; Dwight N. Lowell r, 1930; Lewis M. Miller r, 1699; John L- Starkweather p, i65 ; Clark Stanton p, 157. County coroners, 1S74. — Adam Bennett d, 2644; Geo. H. Stewart d, 2637 ; Amsey W. Sutton r, 1847 ; John H. Williams p, 171 ; Hiram Squiers p, 171 ; Calvin Davis r, 1S60. 1S75. Juilice Supreme court, 1875. — Benj. F. Graves r, 3984; Lyman D. Norris d, 2138 ; Isaac Marston r, 1S32. Regents of the University, 1S75. — Samuel T. Douglass d, 2218 ; Peter White d, 2203 ; Samuel S. Walker r, 1748 ; Byron M. Cutcheon r. 1750. Ciicuit Judge, 1S75. — Edward W.Harris r, 3966, 1S76. Presidential Electors, 1S76. — James B. Eldredge d, and ten others, 3,453 ; Wm. A. Howard r, and ten others, 3,0:2 ; Moses W. Field g.b, and ten oth- ers, 18 ; Charles K. Carpenter pro, and ten others, 6. Congress, 1876. — Anson E. Chadwick d, 3,499 ; Omar D. Congar r, 2.981. Governor, lS^6. — William L. Webber d, 3,465 ; Charles M. Crosswell r. 3,008 ; Levi Sparks pro, 14- Lieutenant-Governor, 1876. — Julius Houseman d, 3,478; Alonzo Sessions r, 3,012; Emory Curiiss, pro, 5. Secretary of Stale, 1876. — Geo. H. House d, 3,463; E. G. D. Holden r, 3,011; Albert Stege- man pro, 14. State Treasurer, 1876. — Jolin G. Parkhurst d. P "V 334 HISTOIIY OF MA-COMB COUNTY. 3,474 ; Willmm B. McCreery r, 3>oi5 ; Archibald L. Cliubb pro, 4. Auditor General, 1876.— Fred M. Holloway d, 3,476; Ralph Ely r, 3,012; Daniel J.Smith pro, 5. Commissioner Slate Land Office, 1876.— J. B. Fen- ton d, 3,466; Ben. F. Partridge r, 3.001; J. H. Richardson g.b, 14; Emory L. Brewer pro, 6. Attorney General, 1876.— Martin Morris d, 3,463; OltoKirchner r, 3,012; Albert J. Chapman g.b, 14 ; Dan. Sagendorph pro, 4. Superintendent Public Instruction, 1S76.— Zelotes Truesdel d, 3,463 ; Horace S. Tarbell r, 3,025 ; .T. W. McKeever pro, 5. Member State Board of Education, 1876.— Chas. J. Walker d, 3.465 ; Witter J. Baxter r, 3,009 ; Ethan Ray Clarke g.b, 14 I LukeR. Damon pro, 5. Amendments, 1876.— License : For, 1207 ; against, 907. Salaries, Circuit Court Judges; For, 1626 ; against, 605. Constitution, For, 1447; against, 152. Senator, 1S76.— John N. Mellen, 3,459 ; William Jenny Jr. r, 3,006; Crawley P, Drake, i. Representatives, 1876.— Lucius H. Canfield d, 1,845; Thomas Dawson r, 1,505; Seth K. Shetter- ly d, 1,554 ; Crawley P. Drake r, 1,533. Sheriff, 1876.— Winfield S. Hathaway d, 3,533 ; Haswell Church r, 2,943. P'obate Judge, 1876.— James B. Eldredge d, 3,337 ; Edgar Weeks r, 3,125. County clerk, 1876.— Charles S, Groesbeck d, 3,517; Ezra Nye r, 2,946; Jacob L. Keller, 130. • Resistrarof Deeds, 1876.— Traugott Longerhau- sen d, 3,444; Peter F. H. Schars r, 3,035. County Treasurer, 1876.— Oliver Chapaton d, 3,407 ; Wm. Heine r, 3,028. Prosecxiting Attorney, 1876.— Geo. M. Crocker d, 3,458; Irving D. Hanscom r, 3,008. Circuit court commissioners, iSjG. — Wm. H. Clark, Jr. d, 3,436; Chauncey R. Canfield d, 3,450; Oscar S. Burgess r, 2,999 ; Frank C. Lamb r, 3,076. County Sunvyor.iS-jb.—Oarence M. Stephens d, 3,455; Cortez Fessenden r, 3,023. County coroners, 1876.— Adam Bennett d, 3,471; Geo. H. Stuart d, 3,469; Judson C. Mason r, 3,010 ; Geo. R. Hoard r, 3,020. 1877- Justice of the Sup)eme court, 1S77.— Henry F. Severens d, 2088; Thomas M. Cooley r, 1848. Regents of the University, x'il'l. — Anson E. Chad- wick d, 2088; John Lewis d, 2088 ; Victory P. Col- lier r, 1847 ; George L. Maltz r, 1847. Vote on Appointment of clerk supreme court, 1S77.— For the appointment, 398; against the ap- pointment, 29S. Vote Relative to Law of corporation.— ¥ox amend- ment, 358; against amendment, 34S. 1878. Congress, 1878.— William T. Mitchell d, 2,437 ; Omar D. Conger r, 2,012 ; Charles F. Mallary n, 617. Governor. 1878.— Orlando M. Barnes d, 2,391 ; Charles M. Crosswell r, 2,036; Henry M. Smith n, 615 ; Watson Snyder p, 36. Lieutenant-Governor, 1878.— Alfred P. Swineford d, 2,393 ; Alonzo Sessions r, 2,036; Lysander Wood- ward n, 615 ; Isaac W. McKeever p, 35. Secretary of State. 1878.— George H. Murdoch d, 2.340; William Jenney r, 2,112; George H.Bruce n, 591 ; Travers Phillips p, 26. State Treasurer, 1878.— Alexander McFarlan d, Benjamin D. Pritchard r, 2,034 ; Herman Goeschel n, 617 ; Darius H. Stone p, 35. Commissioner State Lands, 1878.— George Lord d, 2,393 ; James M. Neasmith r, 2,038 ; John A. Elder n, 614; William G. Brown p, 35. Auditor General, 1878.— W. J. B. Schermerhorn d, 2,392; W. J. Latimer r, 2,038; Levi Sparks n, 614 ; Leander L. Farnsworth p, 35. Attorney General, 1878.— Allen B. Morse d, 2,399; Otto Kercher r, 2,019; Frank Dumon n, 612; Daniel Sazendorph p, 41- Superintendent Public Instruction, 1S78.— Zelo- tes Truesdel d, 2,390; Cor. A. Gower r, 2,040; David Parsons n, 613 ; Martin V. Rourke p, 35- Member State Board Education, 1878.— Edwin F. Uhl d, 2,393; George F. Edwards r, 3,038 ; George E. Hubbard n, 614 ; Marlin V. Brown, 35. Senator, 187S.— John M. Wattles d, 2,356 : Joseph B. Moore r, 2,103 ; John J. Watkins n, 59I. Representatives, 1878.— Warren Parker d, 1,180; Arthur N. Grovier r, 1,090; Charles C. Lamb r, 369; Alexander Grant r. 1,084; David C. Greene d, 1,114 ; Eli G. Perkins n, 192. Sheriff, 1S78.— Louis Groesbeck d, 2,676 ; Alfred Stewart r, 1,905 ; Seth Davis n, 454. County clerk, 1878. — William L. Dicken d, 2,375; George F. Adams r, 2,160; Ambrose J. Hancock n, 506. ^^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. -4^ Registrar of Deeds, 1878. — Traugott Longershau- sen d, 2,358 ; Charles Steffins r, 2,087 ; Louis A. Al'or n, 599. County Treasurer, 1878. — Charles Tackles d, -■399; John Otto r, 2,031; Adam Bennett n, 601. Prosecuting Attorney, 1878. — George M. Crocker d, 2,S02 ; Edgar Weeks r, 2,095. Circuit court commissioner, 1S78. — William H. Clark, Jr. d, 2,511 ; Chauncey R. Canfield d, 2,468 ; Dwight N. Lowell r, 2,059 '. Silas B. Spier r, 2,050. C unty Surveyor, 1878. — George E. Adair d, 2,361 ; Cortez Fessenden r, 2,084; James S. Lawson n. 592. County cotoners, 187S. — G. H. .Stuart d, 2,391; Joshua B. Dickenson d, 2,387 ; GiUman Whitten r, 2,061; John J. Reimold r. 2,066 ; Charles S. Hutch- ings n, 612 ; William M. Campbell n, 594. 1879. yustices of the Supreme court, 1879. — John B. Shipman d, 2448 ; James V. Campbell r, 2287. Regents of the University, 1879. — Geo. P. Sanford d, 2530; Henry Whiting d, 2528; Ebenezer O. Grosvenor \, 2271 ; James Shearer r, 2275. Presidential Electors, 1880.— Peter White d, and ten others, 3218 ; Charles P. Peck r, and ten others, 3136 ; Augustus Day n, and ten others, 201 ; Jo.seph v. Whiting pro, and ten others, 10; Isaac J. Gray — , and ten others, i. Congress, 1880. — Cyrenius P. Black d, 3283 ; Omar D. Conger r, 3090 ; John J. Watkins n, 1S4. Governor, 1880, — Frederick M. Holloway d, 3266; David H. Jerome r, 30S6 : A. Woodman n, 193 ; Isaac W. McKeever pro, 22. Lieutenant-Governor, 1880. — Edward H. Thorn- ,ton d, 3270; Moreau S. Crosbe r, 3082; Sulivan Armstrong n, 193 ; Darius H. Stone pro, 22. Secretary of Stale, 1880. — Willard Stearns d, 3142; William Jenny r, 3197 ; I. A. Crouse n, igg; John Evans pro, 22. State Treasurer, iSSo. — Isaac M. Weston d, 3220 ; Benj. D. Pritchard r, 3126 ; John M. Norton n, 200; Arthur Al. Power pro, 22. Auditor General, 1880. — Richard Moore d, 3221 ; W. Irving Latimer r, 3128 ; Sylvester B. Heverle n, 200 ; Watson Snyder pro, 22. Commissioner State Lands, 18S0. — James I. Davis d, 3220; James M. Neasmith r, 3129 ; John H. Elder n, 200 ; Porter Beal pro, 22. Attorney General, 1880 — Henry P. Henderson d, 3221 ; Jacob J. Van Riper r, 313S; William Newton n, 2D0; Milton N. Burnham pro. 22. Superintendent Puilic Instruction, 1880 — Zelotes Truesdel d, 3222; Cornelius A. Gower r, 3127; David Parsons n, 200 ; William N. Moore pro, 22. Members Board of Education, 18S0 — Albert Crane d, 3231 ; Edgar Rexford r, 3128; Volney V. B. Mervin n, 209 ; Uriah R. Evans pro, 19. Senator, 10th District, t88o— John N. Mellen d, 3415 : John T. Rich r, 3094. Representatives, 1880 — Warren Parker d, 1726 ; Edgar Weeks r, 1669 ; Thomas W. Newton. I ; Byron J. Flumerfelt d, 1523 ; Alexander Grant d, 1579- I'ote on Bridging the Detroit River, 1 880 — In favor of, 901 ; against the project, 567. Judge of Probate, 1880. — James B. Eldredge d. 3391 ; Charles Andrews r, 3100. Sheriff. 1880. — Louis Grosbeck d, 3242; Thos. W. Newton r, 3263. County clerk, 1880. — William L. Dicken d, 3354; William W. Vaughan r, 3137. Registrar of Deeds, 1880. — Judson S. Farrar d, 3330 ; Charles Steffins r, 3171. County Treasurer, 1880. — Charles Tackles d, 3271 ; Jonathan Stone r, 3237. Prosecuting Attorney, 1880. — George M. Crocker d. 3237 ; Irving D. Hanscom r, 3250. Circuit court commissioners, 1880. — Frank F. Williams d. 3136 ; Franklin P. Montfort d, 3301 ; .Silas B. Spier n, 3221 ; Addison S. Stone n, 3325. County Surveyor, iSSo. — George E. Adair d, 3294 ; George H. Cannon r, 3200. County coroners, 18S0. — Humphrey Murphy d, 3301 ; George H. Stuart d, 3297 ; William G. Terry r, 3215; William Norton r, 3216. i8Sl. Congress, 1881. — Cyreni-us P. Black d, 2545; John T. Rich r, 2418; John Kenny n, 61. Justice of Supreme court, l88l, — Augustus C. Baldwin d, 2534; Isaac Marston r, 2495; John B. Shipman x, 156; Charles G. Hyde pro, 27. Regents of the University, i88l.— Geo. V. N. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Lathrop d, 2525; Henry Fralick d, 2526; James F. Joy r, 241 1; Austin Blair r, 2401; Charles G. Wil- lett n, 156; David Parsons n, 156, Isaac W. McKee- ver pro, 28; Edward C. Newell pro, 2S. Circuit Judge, iGth J. C, 1S81.— William M. Mitchell d, 2703; Herman W. Stephens r, 2246; Val- entine A. Saph g. b. n, 14S. I'^aie on Loan o/Slcooo. iSSi. — For the tax and loan 2341; against 2179. Senator 20 Dis.. iSSl.— John V. Mellen d, 4861. CHAPTER XVII I. THE PRESS OF MACOMB COUNTY. Tlie newspa]ier press of Macomb may, with justice, claim to be tlie true expo- nent of popular ideas, as well as the zealous guardian of local interests. Seldom has it extended recognition to terrorism at home or tyranny abroad — never knowingly. Possibly there may have been a few instances, where ignorance, pure and simple, caused the free citizen of our Union to wander away from his surroundings and en- ter the circle of flunkyism ; there may also be some cases where the people were so short-sighted as to permit an immigrant newspaper writer to indulge in eulogies on the magnificence of trans-Atlantic peoples. Sometimes cuttings are made from monarch- ical papers, because the heading conveys an idea to the busy editor that. the arti- cle is newsy, when in reality it is only a fulsome laudation of expiring monarchy — an attempt to gain sympathy for that hideous principle. This article appears in the columns of the local paper without even a qualifying paragraph, and contributes in a degree to foster a taste for royalty, pageantry, and all such criminal nonsense in the minds of the more unthinking portion of our people. Such insulting trash should not be placed before the public. Even though this unjustifiable, foundationless praise of the enslavers of Europeans, of all their glittering palaces, of their gorgeous parades, could win any serious attention from any other than the most imbecile of ourpopulation, it is not fair to furnish imbecility with fuel; it is not right to place before it new subject matter, which enables it, however falsely, to extol the glories and the pageants of principles and men who cast a gloom over the civilization of our day. There is little in trans-Athintic peoples, and much less in their govern- ments, which hold seven-eigliths of the people in most aliject servitude, to commend. The knowledge of this state of affairs in Europe, is so widespread in the United States, that it forms a full safeguard against the growth of that foolish, debasing, and most pernicious vice commonly called flunkyism. The people understand their duty to the Republic, and none among them more so than the indefatigable men, who identify themselves with the press of this county. Macomb has reaped a rich harvest from the industry and honesty of her news- rf* Ll^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. paper conductors. All evidences point out her journalists of the past to have been as truly honorable as are those of the present ; flunkyism was not the attribute of any one of them ; they labored late and early in providing newsy and instructive reading for the constituents ; and, if at any time, a ridiculous eulogy, on all that is politicall}' and socially false, crept into their columns, they were the first to denounce the buffoon who penned the obnoxious lines. The press conferred inestimable good ujaon this disti-ict ; it oj^posed premature innovations, even as it urged necessary reforms ; it set its denunciations of arbitrary and tyrannical measures in black letter, stigmatized moral cowardice, and claimed that from the village council-room to the chambers of the National Government, vice should be subjected to rebuke and punishment, aiid virtue doubly cherished. Here the press is a synonym for progress. Prescribe its liberty and the nation suffers. Very few liberties had been won in the long struggle for human freedom, involving more far reaching and momentous consequences than that which secured the constitutional guaranty of freedom of speech and of the press. The antagonism between a despotic government and the j^rinting press is as natural as it is intense. The heart of monarchy, claiming to be human, loves applause, and therefore could not willingly feed on the bitter herbs of censure. Neither king nor minister, neither cardinal nor general desired a fair review of his official acts, nor submitted to reproof. The exercise of power bred confidence in the hearts of rulers, and begot an impatience of criticism ; hence there was a natural inclination to restrain, what those in authority might deem, an unwarrantable freedom in the discussion of public affairs. On the other hand, the intelligent portion of the population desired to inquire into the proceedings of their governors, to complain of grievances, and to suggest reforms. Free thought and free speech were of little avail without free publications, and to suppress publications was to prevent prac- tical results. Thus there was an irrepressible conflict between oppressive govern- ments, whatever their form, and the press — one in which the press succeeded in these States, one in which it is still engaged in the eastern hemisphere up to the present time, and which is likely to continue until the sun sheds his light upon a great European Republic. In a despotic state the government exercises a censorship over the press, while in a free country the case is reversed, and the press is the censor of the govern- ment. Both forms of censorship were liable to abuse ; but judging by the past, the excesses of the press for a thousand years would be trifling in evil results, when compared with the iniquities of a government censor for a single genera- tion. If the people are to govern, or take any active intelligent part in the government, they must be cognizant of every fact pertaining to their country, and be in a position to give full expression to their opinions on public measures. -J o r HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Tliose entrusted with the executive authority, those appointed to promote the general welfare in accordance with the public will, should favor the most free and efficient means of communication with those for whose sake government is intended to exist — that means is the newspaper. No substitute for it has ,yet been devised — not one can be imagined. Thus the newspaper is one of the most important agencies of a free people, of a good government. Without its aid in instructing and arousing the people, the national government could neither have raised the vast armies, nor have commanded the pecuniary means required to carry on the struggle for the preservation of our Union against the wealthy planters of the Southern States and their foreign allies. The modern newspaper is not merely a private enterprise ; it is as truly public and necessary as the railroad or the telegraph. Enlightened jurisprudence de- clares that the newspaper, encouraged and protected by the highest guarantees of constitutional law as indispensable to free government, is subject not to the narrow, rigid rules which appl)' to merely private enterprises, but to broad and equitable principles springing out of its relation to the public, and its duty to serve the people in the collection and publication of information relating to the public good. The business of journalism is no longer a mere incident to the printer's trade — it has become a great, profound, and learned profession, with fraternal organizations. It has become the great educator of the masses, as well as the magnificent agent of social and political reformation. Acting harmoniously in their respective spheres, free government and a free press are the joint conservators of good, each the most powerful pillar of the other. The press and the bar, as well as the people and the Government of the United States, are all dependent upon one another, with the honest press as leader. Therefore let us cherish the newspapers, stigmatizing what may appear corrupt in them, and applauding all that is honorable and just. This is due by the people to the people and the press. In the following historical sketches a full effort has been made to deal with the newspapers and newspaper men of this county — which effort, the writer believes, has been attended with success ; being, as it is, an extract from the his- torical address, delivered December 28, 1881, at Armada, by Edgar Weeks, formerly connected with the press of the county. Forty years ago, there was not half a dozen newspapers in Michigan, and not one in Macomb County. At that time the country was new ; the telegraph not wliat it is to-day ; the mails were slow, painfully slow, postage was dear, tlie people poor. In that day it took ten days or two weeks to get a letter from New York to Detroit. The means of communication was confined to stage coaches and steamboats, which would drive a modern traveler wild. The city of Detroit was -^ HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. then only a moderate sized village. There was not a town of 5,000 inhabitants in the State. Mt. Clemens was a village of some importance as tlie future of Michigan then looked. It was the seat of government and justice for all Michigan north of Wayne County. It numbered among its people some few enterprising men who looked forward to a large city where Mt. Clemens now stands. JOURNALS OF ROMKO. Way back in the history of Romeo, there was published there a paper called the Investigator. The files of this paper have disappeared, and no inquiry which we have made for them has been rewarded. The name of its publisher was Thomas M. Perry. It first appeared in the fall of 1850 and lived about two j'ears. Another paper called the Romeo Olive Branch was also published there, but we have been equall}' unfortunate in regard to it, both as to date and name of its publisher. In the year 1857 the Romeo Argus appeared, but its files previous to May 18th, 1861, are lost. From May 18th, 1861, to May 18th, 1802, the files have been pre- served. The Argus was started in 1857, in Ma}', by Martin V. Bentley and John M. Stone. Mr. Bentley bought out his partner in about a year after the publica- tion began. On the 8th of May, 1861, S. H. Ewell bought the paper and published it about one year. It was edited by Ewell and Aiken. It was then leased to Hiram J. Aiken and George D. Mussey. In February, 1864, it was destroyed by fire. The motto of the Argus was " The agitation of thought is the beginning of wisdom." A State Temperance journal was started by John Russell sometime in 1863. This paper was really the old publication turned into a new channel, and was printed by Aiken and Mussey, at the Argus office. It was called the Peninsular Herald, and was devoted to the cause of Prohibition and Total Abstinence. It ran a successful career for some time, and was finally removed tb Detroit, where it en- joyed a broader field in journalism, and survived a brief career. Its proprietor is so well known in this county as to require no introduction at my hands. His prominence as a temperance agitator gave him a wide reputation and secured for him the nomination for the Vice-Presidency on the National Temperance Ticket in 1876. On the 30th of May, 1866, John Russell started the Romeo Observer, and the history of newspapers since that time in Romeo is almost exclusively' a history of the Observer. On the 9th of August, 1866, Irving D. Hanscom and Edward A. Teall became its proprietors. They improved and enlarged the paper in 18G6, and flung to the breeze the patriotic motto " Wiiere libertj' dwells, there is my country." Under this high sounding legend the Observer flourished until March 9th, 1867, -r—>- HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. when Edwin A. Teall and Lewis N. Moon took it in charge as publishers, and printed it until November 19, 1867, when Teall & Co. became its proprietors, the company being Harve}- E. Mussey. This Company continued until November 11, 1868, when Edwin A. Teall became sole editor and proprietor. The Observer became an out and out Republican paper in October, 1861), when it adopted as its motto " Republican in politics, neutral in nothing." On the loth of October, 1869, Irving D. Hanscom again became proprietor of the Obsei-ver, and on the twentieth of the same month, Samuel H. Ewell entered into co-partnership with him. The paper flourished under their management about four years when they sold out to Geo. A. "Waterbury and S. H. Ewell. January 14th, 1874, Robert G. Baird purchased the interest of Mr. Ewell and this firm con- tinued the paper a little over one year. On the 3d of February, 1875, Mr. Water- bury became sole editor and proprietor, and has so remained up to the present time, with the exception of a single year during which time the establishment was leased to S. S. Hopkins, now of St. Clair City. During all these yeai-s the Observer has either been an " out and out" Re- publican paper, or had a decided leaning in that direction. It has been a strong partizan of Romeo in all her local, political, social, and business interests, and has been rewarded with a liberal support by the citizens of that village. The Observer had every thing its own way (so to speak) and without a rival to molest or make it afraid, with a rich field for country journalism, an intelligent class of citizens for its patrons, was happy and felt satisfied. This charming condition of affairs was disturbed, however, on the 1st of May, 1880, by the appearance of the Romeo Democrat, Fred. C. and C. H. Buzzel, pro- prietors. The Democrat is an enterprising, vivacious, and thoroughly wide-awake country paper. Its proprietors are young men, both in years and journalism, but they are making their paper an important figure in the newspaper coterie of this county. • JOURNALS OF UTICA. A paper called the Enterprise was established at Utica somewhere about the year 1837 or 1838, and was published by Henry Fish and R. W. Jenny, with C. B. H. Fessenden as editor ; but the files have been destroyed and we have been unable to ascertain any thing more connected with it. W. H. Marvin started the Utica Sentinel about five years ago, and has pub- lished it up to the present tine. The Sentinel is independent in politics, is a good local paper and has every appearance of a successful career before it. MOUNT CLEMENS. In 1840 a newspaper called the Statesman was started at Mount Clemens by a fev HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Mr. Avery. After a time he was succeeded by a Mr. Brown, and he by John N. Ingersoll. The Statesman was a lively and influential paper, published weekly. Its editorials were characterized by ability, and it was noted as a hard fighter in the field of local politics. We have been recently shown certain political cartoons in caricature of John N. Ingersoll, Richard Butler, and other lights of the Whig party of that day, which show the spirit of political controversy as then conducted. The Statesman was intensely Whig, and its editor was then a leader of that party in this State. Mr. Ingersoll remained in Mount Clemens a number of years, active in political and social events, but finally removed to Corunna, Shiawassee County, where he published the Shiawassee American until his death, which occurred a little over a year ago. We can not state accurately the date of the demise of the States- man. The Macomb County Herald, a Whig paper, was started by George F. Lewis in 1848 or 1849, and edited by Richard Butler. In 1850 or 1851 it was purchased by Fred B. Lee and published by him about one year, when it was sold to Thomas M. Perry, former pul:)lisher of the Patriot, who j^ulilislied it for a short time, when the ofl&ce was burned and the Herald ceased to exist. The Macomb G-azette was started by Allen P. Bentley, some time about 1849 or 1850. It was Democratic in politics, and so remained from the date of its birth until its demise in 1856. After a short time Mr. Bentley sold the Macomb Grazette ofifice to Abner C. Smith, a lawyer, and one of the prominent men of that day at the county seat. The writer well remembers Mr. Smith as a tall, intellectual- appearing man, who alwa3's wore gold-bowed glasses, and was never seen except in the full dignity of his profession of law and journalism. The ofiice of the Gazette was on the south side of Court House Square. The writer was employed in the office as a printer's " devil " at a very tender age, and at that time its foreman was Martin V. Bentley and its jours John Aiken and " Trume " Griffin. On the breaking up of the Whig party the Gazette was sold by Mr. Smith, who moved to Minnesota, where he practiced law until the time of his death, a few yeai-s ago. The purchaser of the Gazette was William L. Canfield, who rechrist- ened his paper the " Rejiublican Standard." The Standard, as its name implies, was a Republican paper, and was published up to 1866 by Mr. Canfield, who sold it to Walter T. Lee and the writer, who enlarged it and " started out " under the name of the " Mount Clemens Monitor." The Monitor was also Republican in politics. It was a folio of respectable size, published weekly, and met with very good success. Tiie writer (Mr. Weeks) sold out his interest some time in 1867 to W. T. Lee, who continued its publication until he sold to D. M. Cooper. Mr. Cooper finally sold to a Mr. O'Brien, who soon s ^ L^ 333 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. after sold to J. E. Nellis & Son who are now publishing the Monitor, and publish- ing a successful and acceptable county newspaper. We have followed the Statesman through all its clianges and vicissitudes as the most convenient way of treating the subject. AVe will now retrace our steps to 1840, in which year Thomas M. Perry landed at Mount Clemens from a steamboat with printing material, which he moved to the old frame building known as the Lewis Building, then standing on the site of the present new and elegant countj^ jail and Slieriff's residence, and commenced the publication of tiie Mount Clemens Patriot. The Patriot was a Democratic newspaper, edited and conducted in the interest of the local Democracy, with more than the ordinary ability bestowed on country newspapers. Mr. Perry was, in his way, a remarkable specimen of pug- nacity and tenacity. He had seen much of the world, and was entirely absorbed in his editorial profession, was a practical printer and would stand at his case and put his leaders in type without manuscript or notes before him. When in one of Ids frequent tempests of passion he was a terror to every one around him. The Patriot was burned out in one of the big fires that visited Mount Clemens. It was then located on Pearl Street, when Mr. Perry was again heard from as a publisher, and where he remained thereafter. Some time about the year 1854 another paper made its advent in Mt. Clemens. It was brought there by Geo. F. Lewis. Lewis had been a publisher at Port Huron, but came here and established the Peninsular Advocate. The Advocate was a Dem- ocrat paper, and its office was located in wliat was known as the " Leviathan " building, which stood on Front street, on the site of the new block now occupied by the post-office. It was a first-class county paper, quite pretentious in size and appearance. Its editorial management was first class, as all who know Fred Lewis will readily concede. During the first years of the civil war, the Advocate contin- ued to be published, and the writer was its " war correspondent " from the army of the Potomac. Mr. Lewis, however, moved to Saginaw, and the Advocate ceased to exist, but was soon followed by the Mt. Clemens Conservative Press, under the man- agement of Jas. B. Eldredge and Wm.Longstaff. The Mt. Clemens Press had its origin in the old Macomb Conservative Press, which was established in 1863 by a stock company. The material was mostly purchased second-hand, and is sup- posed to be the remnants of the Peninsular Advocate, established by Mr. Perry some years previous, and suspended. Several fonts of wood type still remain in the office in almost a perfect condition. Messrs. J. B. Eldredge and Wm. Longstaff became the editors and general managers of the Conservative Press, and continued in this capacity until 1868, when John Trevidick, who had been the practical head of the office for a number of years, became the publisher, changing the name to the Mt; Clemens Press. Mr. Trevidick continued the publication until December, 1882, ;f^ -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 333 when the click of the type on the printer's rule ceased in the Press office. " Until further notice, no paper will be issued from this office," was the " special announce- ment "that greeted its readers on the 26th day of December, 1872. But the further notice was destined to come from other quills than those that had hereto- fore done service on the columns of the Press. In the following spring, May 1st, 1873, the former readers of the paper were greeted by its re-appearance under the management of S. B. Russell, editor and proprietor. Among the earlier pei'iodicals of Mt. Clemens we must mention the Masonic magazine called the Ancient Landmark, which was published by A. C. Smith, before mentioned, from the Gazette office. Mr. Smith was a man of literary taste and an enthusiastic Mason. Tlie little magazine was published a number of years, and ceased with the demise of the Gazette and the removal of Mr. Smith to Min- nesota. About 1872 another newspaper was started at Mt. Clemens, called the Me- porter. Its editor and proprietor was Lew. M. Miller, and tliougli tlie career of the Reporter was soon cut short by the removal of Mr. Miller to another field, it will long be remembered in the Republican campaign of 1872. Later, Walter T. Lee started the Mt. Clemens True Record, which, after a brief and unsuccessful existence, was purcliased by W. N. Miller & Co., and called the Mt. Clemens RepuMican, which has been published since October, 1880. The Republican is also Republican in politics, though principally devoted to matters of local interest. This, we believe, completes the list of newspapers and periodicals which, from the earliest history of the county seat, have been published there. However, from time to time special publications have appeared, one of whicli was a holiday picto- rial issued by Geo. F. Lewis from the Advocate office, about the Christmas of 1859 or 1860. The pictorial was a masterpiece of local talent and skill. Upon its pro- duction was lavished the editorial ability of Geo. F. Lewis, Edgar Weeks and Michael Stapleton, whose sketches drew heavily upon the classics, both ancient and modern. The artists were Edgar Weeks and W. T. Lee, whose wood engravings rivaled those of the Aldine itself; all the patent medicine cuts in the offices of Mt. Clemens were utilized. One made to represent the Goddess Juno in her chariot of the Sun. Another, "before taking" was made to represent some doleful figure in public life, while the "after taking" made a good shift for the physiognomy of some successful and self-satisfied statesman, whose perennial smile was the principal feature of the artistic effort. The pictorial was a great local hit and a success. We have in our possession a copy of the carrier's address to the patrons of the Mt. Clemens Patriot, of January 1st, 1842. It was written by Miss Lewis, now Mrs. N. L. Miller, and makes mention of local history long since forgotten by most of the rv" fe^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. men and women of the pi-esent generation. It was published soon after the death of President Harrison, and in the midst of the political changes which were taking place alludes feelingly to the recent national bereavement, naturally lauds the new President and finally speaks about the removal of the recent incumbents of the Mt. Clemens postoffice and deputy coUectorship, and mentions the appointment of Giles Hubbard to the first and Henry D. Terry to the second named place. The poet says : Changes political are few, But yet I think of one or two ; Our good Post-master has been removed, Although a faithful servant proved. May Giles, who fills his place of late His bright example emulate. The Custom it has been before, For General S to watch our shore, But the Mayor is now our Collector — Of smuggled goods a safe detector. Tliese allusions to Giles Hubbard, John Stockton and Henry D. Terry, all of tliem once prominent in the social and political events of the country, and all now lying in their graves, revive a sad and mournful regret over the memories of three men whose names will be carried down into the distant future upon the public records of Macomb County. During the years over which our sketch has extended, other men have figured in the newspaper history of Mt. Clemens, prominent among them, William Long- staff, once a practical printer, and now a well-known citizen of Mt. Clemens. John Atkins, a practical printer of merit, who many years ago removed to Council Bluffs, Iowa. Fred B. Lee, also a practical printer, now publisher of the Monroe Index. W. T. Lee, of whom mention has been made before, now in Monroe engaged in his trade as a printer. Charles H. Lee, now proprietor of the Saginaw Republican, at Saginaw City. David A. Stockton, a practical printer, who removed to Canada some years ago. W. C. Stockton, a practical printer, who lives in Mt. Clemens. Andrew S. Robertson, once one of the foremost lawyers of the county, a leading politician, a State Senator, and a man of I'are abilities who was once editor of the Peninsular Advocate ; also Mark H. March, who now pursues his vocation as a job printer in Detroit. These reminiscences are written largely from personal recollections and may be inaccurate in respect to some of the dates. These can be hereafter verified by some member of the Pioneer Society who may have leisure to devote to the task, and who, we trust will be able to treat the subject more ably than the j^resent writer. To those men who have had charge through all these years, of that powerful engine, the local press, the city and county owe much which can be best paid by preserving HISTORY OF 5IAC0MB COUNTY. 335 in the ajchives of our Pioneer Society, a memorial of their names and hiboi's, for the emulation of those who come hereafter. NEW BALTIMORE. Sometime about the year 1853, Tliomas M. Perry, mentioned as the founder of the Mt. Clemens Patriot, started a paper at Ashleyville, near New Baltimore. It was called the Ashleyville Independent. The writer was employed in this office part of the first year of its publication. Ashleyville was then one of the most enter- prising and promising villages in the county. It was the center of a large stave trade, and its mills gave employment to a large population of laborers. But the Independent did not long survive, and we believe that its material was afterward brought to JMt. Clemens and became a part of the Peninsidar Advocate, under George F. Lewis, as heretofore mentioned. Some time afterward, another little paper bear- ing the same name was started at Ashleyville, by Martin V. Ferris, then a practicing lawyer there. The mechanical work was done by Edgar Weeks. But this paper did not long survive, as the business of the village then did not justify the venture. These are the only papers ever printed in New Baltimore. Mr. Ferris removed to Indiana and pursued tlie practice of law there, where he died a few years ago. RICHMOND. The Richmond Herald was established at Richmond on the 8th of June, 1876, by Del T. Sutton and George W. Kenfield. Mr. Kenfield only remained in the business a few weeks, but Mr. Sutton continued its publication until November, 1876, when he sold the establishment to David S. Cooper. Mr. Cooper published the Herald until June, 1877, when the publication was discontinued. The good people of Richmond had not then conceived the thought of the future rapid growth of their little city and the Herald was born before its time. But Richmond began to move. Its importance as a manufacturing center began to make itself apparent, and on the 8th day of November, 1877, William C. Walter, an enterprising young man, started the Richmond Review. Walter pub- lished the Review until the 23d of November, 1879, when it was sold to Frank S. Abbott, then a practicing attorney at Richmond. Mr. Abbott continued the publi- cation of the Review until the 7th of August, 1880, when it was purchased by Del T. Sutton, its present editor and proprietor. Mr. Abbott removed to Wyandotte, where he is engaged in publishing a newspaper. The Review lias alwajs been independent in politics, and devoted to the local interests of the village of its nativity. It is now a six-column eight-page paper, suc- cessful, bright and enterprising, and a fair exponent of the intelligence and thrift of the pleasant village of Richmond. -fe* HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Armada village is one of the bright enterprising towns of the county, sur- rounded by a wealthy and intelligent community, and inhabited by an industrious and thorough class of business men, and it seems a good field for a newspaper. In 1874 the Armada Index was founded by Ed. H. Bently, the first number appearing in October of that year. It was edited and managed at Armada thougii printed at Detroit. It was a five-column paper, independent in politics and issued weekly. Though sprightly and intelligent it failed to survive the first year. In 1876, in April, Mr. A. F. Stowe, started a small job office at Armada, and on the 10th of May published the first number of the Armada Telegraph. It was a small four-column pap$r, quarto in form, independent in politics. In the vicissitudes of its early career it was reduced in size to a four-column bi-weekly folio, and its publication continued by Mr. Stowe until January 1880, when he sold to Charles J. Seel3\ Mr. Seely immediately enlarged the paper, commenced the publication of a weekly again, enlarged it to a six-column quarto in which form it is now published by Mr. Seely, with every appearance and prospect of success. The Telegraph is in- dependent in politics. In August 1880, J. E. Barringer, the enterprising secretary of the Armada Agricultural Society, commenced the publication of the Armada Agriculturalist. It is published during tlie months of August, September and October of each year, and is devoted to the interests of the Agricultural Society of Armada and the success of the Armada Fair held at that place. PEESONAL NOTICES. Spencer Boothe Russell, the present editor and proprietor of the Press, is the son of John and Ruth Ann Russell, the former a native of Ireland, who immigrated to the United States when but eighteen years of age, settling in the State of New York, where he continued to reside until his death in 1851. He was a hardy, wiry si^ecimen of that ancient Celtic race of whom it was truly said "he was the straightest man in the county, an accomplished athlete, and without a peer, either in the harvest field or in the garb of a Christian." His wife was Ruth Ann Bur- ton, nee Andrus. The Andrus family came from Rhode Island into Yates county. New York in an early da3^ The family dates its origin back to the landing of the Pilgrims, and proudly traces its progenitors to the blue-blooded Puritans who came over in the May Flower. They are of that peculiar type of Rhode Island yankee, whose physiognomic traits and Quakerish drollery of dialect are all present. Not even the Celtic blood, the quick wit and ready speech of a North of Irelander, have been able to absorb the identit}^ of the Andrus type of New England's sturdy stock. The town of Jerusalem, Yates Couuty, N. Y., became the home of the Russells, and here the subject of this sketch was born, November 24, 1846. A few M* IIISTOUY OF M.VCOMB COUNTY. years later the family moved to Ontario County where John Russell met his death from the effects of overwork and exposure. The widow toiled on with her six fatherless children for a few years, and then moved West, landing at New Balti- more, Macomb County, in the fall of 1853. The poor woman but journeyed to lier death; for after a brief struggle with poverty and disease of the new West, she, too, entered upon that long journey beyond the river, bequeathing her six little ones to the world. In the spring of 1855, the subject of our narrative, being left practically homeless and friendless, started out to make a name and fortune in a world of which he knew nothing. Being recommended to the family of Abbot Van Horn, who had just settled in the woods of northeastern Chesterfield town- ship, he went to the home of that settler, and entered into his first business transaction. Van Horn agreed to furnish him a home and give him what advan- tages the district school afforded, until he was eighteen years old. On his own be- half the boy contractor promised to stay the required term of years, to give his assistance on the farm in summer season and such as he could while attending school. No contract, signed and sealed with all the impressive solemnities and forms of law, was ever more sacredly observed. And to the influence of this Chris- tian home, and the principles of business integrity and morality here inculcated, Mr. R. credits his success in life. After the expiration of his contract the next few years were spent in a course of schooling and private instructions at Mt. Clemens. In the spring of 1866 he entered the law office of Hubbard & Crocker, and began the study of law, which was continued, with the exception of the win- ter months spent in teaching district schools, until August, 1868, when he was ad- mitted to the bar of Macomb Couuty. His examination was pronounced by the judge and bar to be one of the best in the iiistory of the circuit. Visiting his native State during the following winter a little incident happened that may not be out of place here. The reported loss of a party of sleigh-riders while crossing a lake, led to the rumor at Mt. Clemens that Mr. Russell was one of the number. The report spread rapidly and gained credence wherever it was told. Many were the expres- sions of regret that so promising a career should be thus suddenly cut-off in the very beginning. " One day," says Mr. Russell, " there came a letter from a distant friend less credulous than those at Mt. Clemens informing me of my reported death and the anxiety of friends at my old home. The anxious friends were at once re- lieved, but the report was never publicly contradicted until my appearance ui^on the streets of Mt. Clemens the following April. I shall never forget the look of blank astonishment with which I was greeted by those to whom my appearance was the first intimation of a resurrection." Instinctively following the Star of Empire, Mr. R. took his flight westward, and on the 9th of May, 1869, found himself in the city of Omaha, Neb. But a longing desire to enter his chosen profession never de- D fy 4« 338 IIISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. serted him, and the following January he hung out his professional shingle at Fort Scott, Kan., upon which the empire star was at that time shedding its most effulgent rays. But that season was very unhealthy, and after a severe attack of fever fol- lowed by the Kansas shakes he decided to forever " shake " that country, which he did, retiring to western Michigan in the fall of 1870 very much broken in health, and so found his way back to Mt. Clemens two years later. In the spring of 1873, he was elected to the office of County Superintendent of Schools, and on the first day of May assumed the duties of his office, and also the editorial management of The Press. After two years of double duty the Superintendency Law was repealed, since which time he has given his entire attention to newsj^aper work. In 1878 he associated his brother in business with him, who still shares the duties of manage- ment. Mr. Russell took an active part in local politics, holding several minor offices in the village, afterwards city, until the spring of 1881, when he was chosen mayor of the city over a formidable opponent. The story of his subsequent removal by the Governor, on purely technical grounds, his re-nomination and re-election as given elsewhere in this volume, is a fair and impartial recital of the facts. The legal technicality upon which the Governor based the removal was the alleged interest of Mayor Russell in a contract for printing between the city and the firm of S. B. and H. E. Russell, which, as shown by the testimony, amounted to less than $25 a year and was entered into for the sole benefit of H. E. Russell. The case attracted the attention of the Press throughout the State and never was the official act of an executive more severely criticised and impartially condemned. Public sympathy in Macomb Countj'' was all in favor of Mr. Russell and his re-accession to tlie may- oralty was a subject of congratulation for months afterward. Instead of the stain which a few political enemies had confidently hoped to bring upon his public record, it proved one of the happiest triumphs of his whole life. No more appropriate woi'ds can be used in closing this short biographical sketch than the following from the pen of that veteran journalist and former citizen, Geo. F. Lewis. The article is only one of the many handsome tributes paid Mr. Russell at the time by the daily and weekly press of the State. It appeared in the Bay City Morning Call, of which Mr. Lewis was then managing editor, and may form a very apt conclusion to this sketch. " Mr. Russell," says the writer, " is a gentleman of no small individuality, a clever man of some means, decidedly good financial ability, undemonstrative even to reticence, but square and conscientious, if we know what is what in this direction. He is far from that morbid sensibility which magnifies every trifling trouble into a threatened disaster, and satisfied in his conscience that he meant to be fair and honorable, he paid very little attention to the proceedings which were taken for his removal. ^' -4h. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. "Henry E. Russell was born in the town of Jerusalem, Yates Co., N. Y., in 1848. Came to this State and county in 1852, moved to Oakland in 1860, and to Allegan in 1863. where he lived until the late rebellion. He enlisted in the 24th Michigan Infantry in 1864, and served until the close of the war. After the war he entered the Seminary at Allegan, and received such an education as that institution affords. He left the Seminar}^ in 1869. Taught schools in Allegan up to 1872, when he moved into Kent County. There he taught school in Alpine and Algoma Townships until 1874, when he returned to Macomb. He passed a short time at Memphis, this county, in 1874, and in the winter of that j'ear entered the office of the Press at Mount Clemens. In 1878 he formed a partnership with S. B. Russell. He is a practical printer and superintendent of office. Mr. Russell was married to Miss Fanny M. Miller, sister of Lew M. Miller, of Lansing, April 23, 1878." John E. Nellis, publisher of the Monitor, was born at Brantford, Canada West, August 80, 1828. His father, John Nellis, was born in New York State about 1775, and left that State with his father, who was one of the U. E. Loyalists of that time. Mr. Nellis was educated at Brantford. In 1856 he began mercantile life, which he continued in Michigan from 1866 to 1872, when he entered on the publication of the Wayne County Courier. The first number of the Courier was issued in January, 1873. Mr. Nellis published the journal until March, 1879, when he dis- posed of his interest therein, and moved to Mount Clemens, there he purchased tlie Monitor from Edward O'Brien, and entered at once on the publication of that jour- nal, which now is considered one of the best managed and edited weekly newspa- pers in this State. He has filled the position of United States Custom Officer at the port of Mount Clemens since March, 1880. Mr. Nellis married Miss Eleanor R. Griffin in 1855. The children of this marriage are Georgiana, born in 1856; Frank E., born in 1857 ; Jesse M., born 1861 ; Nellie A., born in 1863, and Grace R., born January 7, 1874. Frank E. Nellis, editor of the Monitor, boru at Watertown, Canada, Marcli 27, 1857, settled in Wayne County, Michigan, in 1866. He attended the schools of Wyandotte until 1871, wlien he entered the Enterprise office, where he learned the art of printing. When his fathei' became publisher of the Courier he continued to work there as foreman until 1875, when he became local editor. In 1878 he entered the Detroit office of the Courier. He remained at Detroit until March, 1879, when he came to Mount Clemens as editor of the Monitor, in which journal he claims a third interest. As editor of this journal he has won for himself the name of being at once energetic, industrious, judicious and honest. They form the main characteristics of the man. Mr. Nellis, Sr., is business manager of the [>aper^ which position is admirably filled. Within the last two years the circulation of HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the Monitor has inci'eased from 300 to 1,000 copies per week ; while the value of the office has advanced from $1,200 to $6,000. Lew. M. Miller, formerly connected with the Press of Macomb, was born in Ray Township, March 3, 1849. In the summer of 1868 he entered the law office of Hub- bard & Crocker. Had charge of school at Davis or Brooklyn in 1869-70, and at Freeman's Mill in 1870-'71, when he received the appointment of engrossing clerk of tlie Mich. H. of R. Since that period he has served in the house as engrossing and enrolling clerk or journal clerk, during three extra sessions and six regular ses- sions of the Legislature. He was elected Circuit Court Commissioner for Macomb in 1872. In the summer of 1873, he issued the Mount Clemens Reporter. In 1875 he assumed control of the Big Rapids Magnet ; but severed his connection with that journal in 1876. Returning to Mt. Clemens, he consolidated the Reporter with the Monitor, the latter having been purchased by Tliomas H. Foster. He made it, what is termed a " red-hot Republican paper."' In 1877 Forster & Miller sold their inter- est in the Monitor to Cooper. Since 1878 Mr. Miller has made Lansing his home, where he is a member of the Secretary of State's staff. His marriage with Miss Mary A. Clippinger, of Lansing, took place Feb. 3, 1875. George Alvin Waterbury, son of John C. and Lory A (Parks) Waterbury, was born near St. Clair, St. Clair Co., Aug. 11, 1847. At an early day Mr. Waterbury, Sr., and family came to Micliigan. In 1845 he removed from Calhoun County and settled tinee miles north of Lexington, in Sanilac County, where he resided until 1852, when the family moved into Lexington village. There George A. attended school and continued there until 1863, when lie became a student at the Dickinson Institute, Ronieo. He attended tluxt institution for about two years; before it be- came the Union school. He then went to Oberlin in 1865-'6, which college he at- tended until 1868. In 1868 he entered the law department of the University at Ann Arbor, where he graduated in 1869. On leaving college he entered the law office of Newbury, Pond & Brown at Detroit, where he remained about a year. In 1871, Mr. Waterbury was connected with the post-office at Lexington. Sub- sequently he traveled extensively until June 1873. In Aug. 1873, he purchased tlie office of the Observer from I. D. Hanscom, and entered upon the publication of that journal the same month. Mr. Waterbury married Miss Jennie Killam of Addison Township, Oakland Co., daughter of Powell C. Killam, formerly of Bruce, referred to in the historical sketch of Bruce Township. John C. Waterbury, father of G. A. Waterbury of Romeo, may be considered an old resident of Sanilac County. He has served that district of Michigan, in the Legislature for two terms, and in the Senate for two terms. He was appointed United States Assessor during tlie war ; elected Judge of Probate for his County, and held many offices of trust in the township of Lexington. He was born in Del- j ^ ^ ^V^ k^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. aware County N. Y., in 1815, came to Michigan, and settled in Calhoun County in 1838 ; moved thence to St. Clair County in 1840, and again to Sanilac in 1847, where he now resides. He married Miss Lory Andrews Parks, in 1838. This lady was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., in 1815, and came with her husband to Mich- igan in 1838. F. C. Buzzell and his brother C. H. Buzzell, inaugurated a new paper in 1880 under the name of the Romeo Democrat, and the first number was issued May 1 of that year. As individuals the Buzzells are strictly Republican in politics; yet their journal is a faithful advocate of Democratic principles. The first named pro- prietor, son of Martin and Julia A. (Wing) Buzzell, was born at Romeo, July 3, 1856; was educated in the schools of the village, entered on the study of law in the office of J. L. Starkweatlier, in 1876, and opened a law office in 1877, the business of which office is conducted by liim at present. Clyde H. Buzzell, brother of F. C. Buzzell, was born at Romeo in 1858. He is a practical printer, and holds the position of foreman in the Observer office since April 1881. In connection with the history of Romeo, a biographical sketch of this family is given. William H. Marvin, son of Milton and M. A. (Morse) Marvin natives of New York, was born at Ypsilanti, Mich., Oct. 14, 1842. He attended the district school, and in 1866 entered the Normal School of Ypsilanti, where he studied for three years. After leaving the Noruial, he inaugurated a real estate and insurance office at Ithaca, Gratiot Co. There he continued in business until 1871, when he moved to Toledo, O. After some time devoted to insurance business at Toledo, he pub- lished tlie first railroad guide ever issued there, which is now a prosperous publica- tion bearing the endorsement of all the i-ailroad companies. In 1873 he entered the office, now known as the Northern Ohio Democrat. Here he continued until '1874. During that year he opened a printing office in company with E. V. E. Ranch. In 1856 he moved to Utica, Mich., where he established the Utica iS'ewime/, with O. B. Culley as a partner. The first copy of this paper was issued Aug. 11, 1876, being the first newspaper published in the village since the collapse of the Utica Enterprise over forty years ago. In 1877 Culley disposed of his interest in the Sentinel, and removed to Marine City. This journal is thoroughly independent, well conducted, and claimed to be one of the most prosperous newspapers in the county. Mr. Marvin married Laura E. Smith, of Ithaca, Oct. 4, 1868. The chil- dren are Luna, born Feb. 14, 1870, and Laura P., born Sept. 23, 1874. Ciiarles J. Seeley, son of Burton W. and Mary (Curtis) Seeley, was born in Armada village, March 4, 1861. Has always lived in the village and has engaged in various enterprises until Jan. 1, 1880, at which time he purchased of A. F. Stowe the Armada Telegra2yh, and is the owner and manager of that :^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. paper at the present time. It is published in the interest of the Republican party. Del. T. Sutton, editor and publisher of the Richmond Revieiv, was born Oct. 1, 1858. The greater portion of the first seven or eight years of his life was spent on a farm, in what is known as the Kellogg neighborhood, in the township of Ray, in this county. He then removed to Richmond, where his father William R. Sutton, engaged in the mercantile business. Residing at that place for some ye.ars, he removed to New Haven. He lived at this place for several years when he returned to Richmond. In June, 1876, in company with George W. Kin- field, he started the Richmond Ilendd. After an existence of about two weeks, the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Sutton assuming the whole business, which he continued until November of the same year, when he sold out to David L. Cooper, in whose employ he remained for about eight montlis. He then assumed the position of local and assistant editor of the Port Huron Da'thi and Wei'Mij Times, where he remained for several months. His next enterprise was the estab- lishing of the G^re.enhach Sentinel, a campaign journal. In October, 1878, he removed to Homer, Calhoun Co.. to edit and publish the Index. He was married to Miss Lillie B. Thompson, of Richmond, Dec. 25, 1878. In August, 1880, he returned to Richmond, purchased the Richmond Review, of which journal he is now editor and publisher. Geo. F. Lewis, known as the "genial Saginawian," " Fred" Lewis, etc., etc., was born at Harvard, Worcester County, Mass., June 7, 1828. Came with parents to Mt. Clemens in 18.35. Set first type in office of Macomb Statesman, tlien edited by John N. Ingersoll. Subsequently held positions in the office of the Mt. Clemens Patriot, in 1838; the Detroit Daily Commercial Bulletin, in 1848; the ATacomh Co. Herald, in 1849 ; the Port Huron Commercial, in 1851 ; the Peninsular Advocate, in 18.55. In March, 1868, he inaugurated the Daily Courier, at Saginaw; projected' the Saginau'ian, in 1869; the Mt. Pleasant t7b? - a) 1 k. j l> w •• ■J HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 349 And the air at first so balmy. HAPPY TO-NIGHT. Seems the burning breath of liell. BY JOHN E. DAY. Let us then improve this garden, I'm happy to-night, and this is just why, Till it blossoms pure and bright, The cares of the day have gone quietly by ; And our work will end with pleasure. My chores are all done and my supper dispensed, In a home of pure delight. And the joys of the evening are fairly commenced. My wife, with her sock and a satisfied smile. APRIL STORMS. Sits by and converses serenely the while. BY J. E. DAY. On topics — the old as well as the new — Leaden clouds are o'er us hanging, Most important to me, though perhaps not to you. Gloomily the rain comes down. My little pet daughter, so pretty and gay. And the winds are sadly wailing Has dropped all her playthings and left off' her play. Nature's universal frown. Has given instructions her treasures to keep, Hushed the cheerful hum of business, — Dropped her sunshiny head and gone sweetly to Not a wagon on the street. sleep. Nought overhead but wind and water — And now it may be that the tempest of life Mud and water under feet. Has cast o'er her dreams the first warning of strife, Overcoats and wet umbrellas. And swells her young bosom with pleasure or pain Flit like ghosts from place to place ; As it rises and sinks on her infantile brain. Muddy boots and spattered garments, Who can tell us what beautiful thoughts may be Tell of hurry more than grace. piled Ladies closely indoors staying — High up in the dreams of the innocent child? Strive the dull hours to beguile. What thoughts and ambitions of embryo size And anon, the dark clouds watching — May be brought by the goddess who closes her Think of rain-di'aus all the while. eyes? Cattle looking quite demurely. What care we what pleasure or riches may bring ! View the chilling storm with dread. What care we how leisurely time moves his wing ! And their sage brain doubtless thinking, There is hope in the Future and joy in the Past, Something must be wrong overhead. And a strength in our hearts for adversity's blast. Sages tell us oft, that April We'll stand by each other whatever betide. Augurs well the life of man — And pass down the pathway of life side by side : Lights and sh.-tdes are intermingled — Enjoy what we can, bid adieu to the rest. We must catch them as we can. And receive the reward of the Faithful at last. Every year must have its April — There's pleasure in life, though storms may arise ; Every life its rainy day — In the end we will find them but friends in dis- Lo, the sunshine, quickly turning guise ; Stormy April into May. My hopes may be blasted, but that is all right ; So the storm of life may gather. My Faith's like a mountain — I'm happy to-night ! Darkly o'er my onward path And around my heart may linger. THE LONELY GRAVE. Signs of elemental wrath. BY DR. W. H. HAMILTON, 1S57. But the bow of faith is hanging Cloudy is the day and cheerless. In the clouds of daily strife, Moaningly the north wind grieves. And Hope's sunbeams softly gleaming — As I sit and watch the motions y Hush the April storms of life. Of the faded, falling leaves. V ® V "^ 'V* >s r- ■> t ' ' • ' k. 350 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. While they slowly flit before me, Lincoln, the patriot, honest, just, and true, Fancy bears me o'er the wave, We sigh, we weep, we mourn most sore for you And I see them falling sadly 0, why should death eclipse thy glory bright. On a distant, lonely grave. And pall the Nation with the darkest night. In humble life, at first, thy lot was cast, Dreamily the Past arises. We look admiring on thy history past ; Bringing back the loved one's form, But truth and fortune led thee up to fame, And again his eyes beam on me And on its summit stamped thy noble name. With a lovelight soft and warm. When storms of treason and bitter hate, But my bosom heaves with anguish Had almost 'whelmed our ship of State ; As I see him yield his breath. We asked, O, God ! a noble heart and hand, Hurried from his near and dear ones To be our pilot, and to take command ! By a sad and painful death. God gave us honest Abe that he might be Our gallant captain on the raging sea. Then appears the dreary graveyard, Storms fiercely glared, and mountain waves us As upon that gloomy day tossed. When our cherished one was buried So high, so low, — at one time all seemed lost. From our grief-dim'd sight away. Just then, with beaming eye, he spied afar And I hear the plaintive echoes Of the low, funereal hymn, Swelling like the wind-harp's music The brilliant rays of light from Freedom's star. At once across the noble ship he veered, And for the light with steady hand he steered. Through the forest, old and dim. Just as the storm was swiftly giving way. And morn was dawning, — of a glorious day — But our deep, heart-breaking sorrow, Behind our captain stole a wretch of hell, Passion's wild, resistless flow, And by his bloody hand our Lincoln fell. All our spirits, hid in struggles, Justice flew swift along the villain's track, Thou alone, O God, can know. Her fiery sword gleamed o'er a crime so black — And quickly traced him to the hidden spot, Thou, who knowest all our frailties. And like a guilty dog the wretch was shot. All our doublings and our fears, Cold be that hand, and palsied be that tongue. Strengthen us to bear our trials. Who dare declare they're glad the deed was done ! Comfort us amid our tears. I'm sure a blacker fiend dwells not below. Light our darkened understandings. Within the precincts of eternal woe. Fill our souls with lively faith, Lincoln, though now with thee we have to part. Till the mystery is unrivel'd. Thy name, for aye, we treasure in our heart, Life's dark problems solved in death. And swear by Heaven, the work by thee begun, By traitors' hands shall never be undone. Hard was thy task, the starry flag to save. ON THE DEATH OF LINCOLN. Rest quietly now within thy honored grave. No hostile bullet can again reach you. BY REV. JAMES H. MORTON. Shot by Jeff. Davis and accursed crew. A stai has fallen from our Nation'ssky, The spirit pure has reached its home above. It rose so bright, it glistened far on high. Entwined for aye by bands of kindred love. But, like a meteor, suddenly its light, We pledge with thee the joys of heaven to share, Has been eclipsed within the folds of night. For traitors vile can never enter there. ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. CHAPTER XX. PROGRESS OF EDUCATION. The education of the masses is one of the leading characteristics of a good govern- ment. It is the guide to national gi-eatness and to salutaiy reforms. Without education, the people would be less than the Negroes of the darker days of the Republic. Without it. man cannot sum up the blessings of liberty; cannot understand the principles of a Federal government; cannot fulfill the duties of citizenshija. Though men maybe always prepared for liberty, yet he who had not an opportunity, in his earlier yeai-s, to attain even the rudiments of that education which a common school offers, is a dangerous member upon whom to confer liberty, because his animal passions generally overbalance his good intentions, and lead him from vice to vice, until those who won for him the pre- cious are forced to cry out, "Oh, liberty, what crimes are committed in thy name!" From the want of a well -organized educational system, many, if not all evils, spring. The teiTible forces with which the dangerous classes often threaten to annihilate the peo- ple are recruited from the haunts of ignorance and vice. Again, the tyrant may subject an imeducated people with impunity — without fear of encountering any disciplined oppo- sition. All the shocking crimes which tarnish the annals of glorious revolutions have their origin in and must be credited to ignorance. The hideous Parisian communist, the blind followers of sectionalism in politics, the inhiunan religious bigot, all draw their inspiratio)! from ignorance, and by it are lu-ged on to those terribly foul deeds which darken, as it were, the enlightenment of this age, and stain the pages of its history. Though the secret tribunal of olden times comprised men of fair fame, the members of it were led to acts which, to-day, would be punished in the most severe form known to the law of the country, and result in consigning their names to obloquy. In the dim past, such men were heroes; they boasted of learning and cultm-e, and merely acted a part in the di-ama of their lives. The members of this tribunal dedicated themselves to justice, and seldom — never — failed to punish the guilty and avenge the innocent. Yet the secret tribunal, with all the terrific sublimity which sm-rounded it, all the high characteristies which belonged to its members, was foimded upon ignorance. In recent years — aye, in om- own times — political and religious parties have resorted to desperate and disreputable means to assert supremacy. This could not occur had the people been educated up to the requirements of oiu- duty. All the evils attendant on a want of a true system of edu- ^ A -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. cation have been carried down to the present time, as if to point out to us the dangers of ignorance and lead us far away from the shoals whereon it has wrecked so many. It is evident here, in Macomb, that examples of ignorance have resulted in good; crime is merely nominal here; a peculiar friendship seems to exist between all classes, and a full desire exists in the hearts of young and told to study, that they may know what gives prom- ise of good results to themselves and their country. Macomb County has, from a very early period, bestowed much attention on all mat^ ters j)ertaiuing to education. Throughout this work, many references to the attempts made by pioneers and old settlers to establish schools appear, so that it is unnecessary to treat separately each school and school building, the histoi'y of which belongs to the town- ships. However, for the purposes of the general history of the county, what has been written regarding the schools first opened here belongs to this section of the work, and for that reason is subscribed as well as referred to in the township history. Probably the first white settlement in the limits of Macomb County was made between 1790 and ISOO, in the present township of Harrison, on the banks of the Clinton River, about three miles from Mt. Clemens. The settlement was then and is now called the Tucker settlement. It was here that the first school was taught in Macomb County, on the farm now owned by Franklin Tucker. Between 1795 and 1800, a Mr. Eoe, great-grandfather of Milton H. Butler, swayed the rod. Schools were kept up almost continuously in this set- tlement, but little can be learned of them till about 1816 or 1817, when Mi-. Charles Stew- ard taught in a house then standing just below the present residence of Lafayette Tucker. Mr. Steward was called a most excellent teacher for those early days, when he was sober ; but he was exceedingly fond of strong drink, and his sf)rees were not few nor far between. He nearly perished by freezing dm'ing one of his carousals, when, attempting to cross the river on the ice, he fell and lay for sometime in the snow. In 1820, the eccentric Dr. Dodge was employed. Nothing delighted this old-time teacher more than to dress up in some fantastic costume of flaming and incongruous col- ors. From 1820 to 1830, some of the teachers in the Tucker settlement were as follows: Dr. Chamberlain, about 1S21; an old soldier of the war of 1812, about 1822; Mr. Richard Butlex', now living one mile south of Mt. Clemens, aged eighty-three, in 1823; a Mr. Haw- kins, who was fond of the " ardent," in 1825, 1826 and 1827; Dr. Hem-y Taylor, who died in Mt. Clemens in 1876, about 1827 ; Mrs. McKinney, whose husband was at the same time teaching in Detroit, taught a private school in her own house in 1827 or 1828. and a Miss Cook in 1830. All the foregoing record relates to the schools of Tucker settlement. Of course it will be understood that all these early schools were in the strictest sense private, public schools, not then being known in Michigan. Each pupil was required to jjay a stipulated sum per quarter of twelve weeks, the teacher making his own collections and receiving no public aid. The following table shows the number of children in the county, in 1839, between the r ^. HISTORY OF MACOMB COrNTY- ages of five and seventeen years, together with the amount of money apportioned by the State: No.of Children be- Amount of State Township. tween o and 17 Tears. School Apportioned. Shelby 316 Clinton 220 Richmond 106 Erin 170 Lenox 54 Macomb 176 Bruce Armada Warren Sterling Washington. Harrison Total 2,624 §1.049 60 The value of this table rests upon its comparative antiquity, and the opportunity which it gives of obtaining an insight, into the school statistics of the county near half a eentmy ago. Similar statistics for 1881 show that the amount of primary school funds to which the county is entitled is $11,45436, or an average of $1.06 to every scholar. It is distrib- uted among the townships as follows, Mt. Clemens being counted in Clinton as of yore: Townships. No. Children. Amount. Armada 590 $625 40 Bruce 817 866 02 Chesterfield 927 982 62 Clinton 1,542 1,634 52 Erin 1.044 1,106 54 Harrison 266 281 96 Lenox 853 904 18 Macomb 870 922 20 Ray 417 442 02 Richmond 988 1.047 28 Shelby 730 773 80 Sterling 582 616 92 Warren 801 849 06 Washington 379 401 74 Total 10.806 $11,454 36 The amount of primary school fund accruing to this county at present is almost eleven times the sum granted in 1839, while the number of children increased from 2,624, in 1839, to 10,806 in 1880, being 4.118 as many as the cou.nty could boast of possessing in the years immediately following the Territorial days. The schools of Mt. Clemens, Romeo, Utica and Disco, together with the township schools, are treated in the histories of the townships, villages, etc., of the county. S.iBBATH SCHOOLS. A Sabbath school was organized at Mt. Clemens so early as 1823. when a school was held in an old building used for the manufactm-e of pottery. It occupied a place where -kr- Alj HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the opera house now stands. The organizer was Richard Butler, and the number of scholars was twenty, one of whom was Mrs. H. A. Cady. The next school was organized by Samuel Evarts and Chauncey G. Cady, in 1825, and was held in the old log court house. The Episcopalian Catechism was used in the school; probably it was the only one that conid be procured at that early day. Mr. Evarts died in 1826. and the school was scattered. In 1880, William and Samuel Canfield and R. O. Cooley organized another school, which was held in the coiu't house. Those three men were not Christians, but the early habit of attending Sabbath school followed them to the far West, and they could not rest easy under the state of things they found here. IVIr. Canfield went to Detroit to procure books, but could get nothing better than small primers, and they were distributed among the pupils. There seems to have been no one prepared to open the school with prayer, so they were obliged to use the Episcopalian prayer-book, Mr. Canfield reading the prayer. The teachers were Mrs. Silas Halsey, Mrs. R. O. Cooley, Mi-s. Ezekiel Allen and Mrs. Ch. G. Cady. Col. J. Stockton was one of the oificers. The next school was organized by members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in 1832. It was held in a schoolhouse occupying a position near the present home of George Pelton. It afterward became more of a union schdol — Baptists, Congregational ists and Methodists all working together. Elder Booth, M.is. Hosia Pratt, Mrs. Allen and others were teachers. In 1834, Rev. Mi*. Eastman, a Presbyterian, came to Mt. Clemens and organized the first church of that de- nomination. The following summer of 1835, Mrs. Eastman and Mrs. Joseph Hubbard organized a Sabbath school in the log com-t house. Mr. Eastman was Superintendent. The Deacons were W. H. Warner, Hosia Pratt, Mrs. Eastman, Mi-, and Mrs. Joseph Hud- l)ard, Mi-s. E. Mather, Mrs. R. Butler, Miss M. MeChesney and others. This was not distinctly a Presbyterian enterprise. Churches of other denominations helped in the work. About the year 1836, the denominational schools commenced. The Methodists held a school in the schoolhouse hitherto referred to; the Presbyterians held a school in the covu't house. About the year 1840, the Methodist school was in a fiom'ishing condi- tion, the teachers being Mi-, and Mrs. Gary Pratt, John Lutes, Hosia Pratt, and others. In 1841, the Presbyterian Chm-ch divided, a part calling themselves the Old Line and a part the New Line. They worshiped, one class in the court house, and the other over one of the stores. Soon after, the New Line got possession of the church building now occupied by the Presbyterian society, and the Old Line built the church now belonging to the Methodist society. The New Line adopted the Congregational form of government with Rev. Mi-. Hamilton as minister, and W. H. Warner or Col. Chandler, first Superin- tendent. The teachers were William Canfield, Mr. and Mrs. H. Warner, Mrs. D. C. Williams, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. High, Samuel Axtell and others. The Old Line retained the Presbyterian form of government, their minister being Rev. Mr. Wells. James H. Snook was an earnest worker connected with this church, and was probably the first Su- perintendent. Mi-8. Wells, Miss J. Hall, Mrs. Lucy Mather, Mrs. Richard Butler, Miss Mary MeChesney, John J. Leonard, were teachers. 'C'i :^ <9 t. J 1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 357 9 The Baptist Chiu-ch was built in 1840. The main workers in the Sunday school were Elder Hillis, William Jenney, Thomas and Mrs. Gilbert. At this time, there were four Sabbath schools in operation, viz., Congi'>egational, Presbyterian, Methodist and Bap- tist. The Presbyterian and Congregational churches re-united under Rev. 'Mi: Foot. These two churches, after a straggle to keep up a separate existence, found that, after all. there was not p)ast grievance of sufficient moment to keep them longer as separate organ- izations; consequently, they are now working together as a Presbyterian Chiu-ch. The condition of the Sabbath schools of the county at the close of the last decade is set forth as follows in a table prepared by the Secretary of the Sunday School Association of the county, John E. Day, and shows the reports of various schools for the year 1878 : NAMES of SCHOOLS. Names of Superintend- 1 < 1 •a i i i 13 1 c Hymn Book Use.l. ^ A ^ s i o .£3 < 1 •5 < O c a 1 & B < Armada Cong Armada Baptist... . Bruce and Armada. 215 50 85 50 30 143 160 145 70 100 60 50 66 194 6 4 3 7 2 7 3 5 6 2 4 4 6 4 19 6 5 5 5 11 14 14 10 10 6 5 ll 134 35 55 50 20 91 102 106 40 75 50 35 50 106 4 3 2 3 0 3 3 4 3 I 2 2 4 15 3 3 2 5 8 10 10 8 \ 4 11 12 12 12 12 6 12 12 12 12 12 7 10 12 12 435 150 250 75 200 280 300 175 175 182 40 103 100 560 No.. No.. Yes Nr, |62 55 Rev. E. N. Selleck J. E. Day 15 00 Gospel Hymns. 12 OO.Jov Bells. P. M. Bentley .John Common George Robinson... .J. W. Porter S. G. Taylor H. E. Holcomb D. M. Mills George Bottomley. Robert Burns M. H. Dewitt M. A. Giddings.... Joy Bells. S. S. Bell. Diadem. Welcome Tidings. Brightest and Best. Welcome Tidings. Diadem. Gospel Hymns. Pure Gold. Diadem. Erin Presbyterian.. Mt. Clemens M. E.. Mt. Clemens Pres.. Memphis Cong New Haven Cong... New Baltimore Ray Union Richmond, Dist. 12. Richmond Baptist.. Romeo Congregat'l. No.. No- No.. No.. No.. Yes No" No.. Yes 1 60 135 00 85 00 f)4 78 15 00 35 00 10 43 2" 00 13 00 43 46 In every city, township and village of Macomb, progress — remarkable, unusual, mag- nificent— has been made. No reasonable expense has been sjtared to render the workings of the schools perfect, and it must be a subject for congratulation to a people who made much sacrifice of time and money, to behold the results of their own earnestness in the matter, and the zeal manifested by both township, city and county school officials. It must not be thought, however, that our system is perfect. It is wanting in many essential qualities. It is. in a measure, better adapted to a community of plutocrats, who can bestow upon their children a sufficient wealth to pass thi-ough this world without labor, than to a community of men who labored honestly to acquire a competence, and who ex- e pect that for all time their children will be honest workers. ^ "* & r HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ^^ CHAPTER XXI. THE (CHURCHES OF MACOMB. That there exists a God is doubted by few, and so generally received is the idea of the existence of a Divinity, that millions of men, called wise men, continue to adore Him, ceasing their inquiries into His atti'ibutes. A writer who once entered the I'egion of doubt which leads to infidelity, returned to a calm incjuiry, after the mental storm which swept over him subsided, and exclaimed passionately, "There is a God! " We see that Divinity in everything that is beautiful; the herbs of the valley, the cedars of the mountain, bless Him; the insect sports in His beam: the bird sings Him in His foliage; the thunder pro- claims Him in the heavens; the ocean declares His immensity; man alone has been the exception in denying Him; man alone has said there is no God. Unite in thought the same instant the most beautiful objects in nature. Suppose you see at once all the hoiu's of the day and all the seasons of the year — a morning of spring and a morning of fall; a night bespangled with stars and a night darkened by clouds; meadows enameled with flowers; forests hoary with snow; fields gilded with the tints of autumn — then alone you will have a small conception of that God of the universe. While yon are gazing on that siin which is plunging in the vault of the West, another observer achnires him coming through the golden gates of the East. By what inconceivable power does that aged star, which is sinking, fatigued and burning, in the shades of the evening, re-appear at the same instant, fresh and humid, with the rosy dew of the morning ? At every hour of the day, the glorious orb is at once rising, resplendent as noonday, and set- ting in the West; or rather oiu' senses deceive us, and there is properly no oast or west, no north or south, in this world. Poetry never yet doubted the existence of the Deity. Some of the most astute think- ers were poets and Christians. The most gifted prose- writers devoted much attention to the question of a God, and proclaimed the existence of Him, who is at once the Omniscient and Omnipotent Ruler. Every thing combines to prove and glorify a God. Man alone questions His reality. But hajjpily. the questioners are few and far between, and still the Christian majority here grants to Jew, Turk, Atheist and heathen Mongolian, every toleration, leaving them at liberty to worship at their respective shrines. This is the fii-st principle of liberty; its protection is guaranteed by the Republic, and under its genial, influence the Christian and non-Christian are enabled to make just such progi'ess as each class merits. In this county, the varied forms of Christianity have made great advances. Churches have multiplied until every village and town show their spires and cupolas, containing bells of harmony, which have long since ceased to jieal the hymn of debasing bigotry. The centennial of Yorktown witnessed peace throughout the land; religious dissensions. ^^— ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. savage bigotry entombed, and the Kepublic happy in the possession of.citizens each one of whom essays to serve God after his own notion, without impertinent interference with his neighbor's faith. The people have evidently realized the fact that the evil example offered by mt-mbers of every religious society does more to check Christianity than all the sophis- try of the infidel, the arms of the united Mussulmans, or the presence of one hundred thou- sand Mongolian mandarins and high priests. Abuses will continue so long as the world exists, but tha nuuibar may b3 lesssned if each section of the Christian Church will do its duty by watching its interests closely — by minding its own business. In the following pages, the oi'ganization of each church in the county, as shown in the records, is given. Tuere are no public records to base data regarding the ftrst Catholic congregation formed in this county, but it may be presumed that large numbers of the French missionary fathers visited the camping-grounds of the Indians along the Huron, erected temporary altars, and oft'ered the sacrifice of the Mass in presence of the wondering Red-men. After the French Canadians made settlements here, they were visited regularly by the priests of Datroit until the establishment of permanent missions here. Since the American pioneer period, the following religious societies were formed within this county: The Moravian Church established a mission on the Huron and Clinton about 1781. under Rev. John Huckenwelder and sixteen Delaware Indians. This mission existed until 1786, when Mr. Huckenwelder and his disciples returned to Muskingum. The Congregational Church society of Romeo was organized February 6, 1832, with Gad Chamberlin, Asa Holman and N. T. Taylor. Trustees. The church was formed in 1828. The fii'st Presbyterian Church of Mt. Clemens was organized May 4. 1835, with Rod ney O. Cooley. William H. Warner. Daniel Chandler. Noadiah Sackett. Aaron Conklin and Joel Brown, Trustees. The Baptist Church of Mt. Clemens was organized October 14, 1836, with Horace H. Cady. C. Flinn. Benjamin Gamber, Manson Farrar, Ortin Gibbs and John Gilbert, Trust ees of the society. The Bruce and Armada Congregational society was formed November 19, 1835. with Erastus Day, Joseph Thurston and John Taylor. Trustees. The church was formed in 1832. The First Presbyterian Church of Utica was organized January 6, 1837, with Gurdon C. Leech, Orson Sheldon, Albert G. Fuller, Joseph Lester and O. Stevens, Trustees. First Methodist Episcopal society of the village of Utica was formed March 19, 1839, with Ralph Wright, Elias Scott, Peter D. Lerick, Hiram Squires and John Stead, Trust- ees. A record of re-organization appears May 11, 1844, and April 25, 1856. The Catholic Church of St. Felicite of L'Anse Cruse, in the township of Harrison, was organized July 16, 1839. with Joseph Pomerville. Joseph L. Sansfaiicon, Hubert Forton. Trustees. Methodist Episcopal Church of Romeo was organized January 28, 1839, with James Starkweather. Ai-iel Pratt, Job Howell, Sewell Hovey and Samuel Coolev, Trustees. -As r- l\^ riV HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. First Methodist Episcopal Chixrch of !Mt. Clemeus was organized January 15, 184:1, with Edward Tucker, Chauncej- G. Cady, E- Gr- Pratt, Horace H. Cady, John Stockton, B. T. Castle and Robert Little, Trustees. The first Congregational religious society of the township of Richmond was organized April 13, 1841, with Hugh Gregg, Araunah Gilbert and Jeremiah Sabin, Trastees. Re- organized Novembt'r 11, 1814, and January 8, 1867. The First Baptist Church of Utica was organized March 1, 184'J, with Ephraim Cal- kin, Benjamin Morey, Dan W. Phillips, Daniel St. John, Ralph Sackett, Cephas Farrar, John B. St. John, Morris Todd and Manson Farrar, Trustees. jThe First Christian Church of Washington was organized June 1, 1842, with George Wilson, George Hanscom, Levi Hoard, Hiram Andrews, Conley Bates, Nathan Keeler and Zebulon Hayden, Trustees. The first Methodist Episcopal society of Washington was organized November 25, 1842, with Abel Warren, Benjamin McGregor, David W. Noyes, John Keeler, Justin H. Butler, Elon Audi'iis and Ephraim Graves, Trustees. First Methodist Episcopal Chiirch of Ray was organized February 4, 1844, with Jon- athan E. Davis, Duncan Gass, John Inman, John Gass, Jr., William Lyons, Robert Mc- Gregor and Horace Myers, Trustees. First Methodist Episcopal Church of A\'arron was organized November 24, 1845, with Elijah Johnson, Isaac Barton, R. D. Smith, Peter Gillett, H. Leroy, John Wilson, Will- iam TeiTV, Trustees. The first union society was organized at Mt. Clemeus September 1, 1845, with Pres- cott B. Thiu-ston, Aaron Weeks, Isaac J. Grovier, E. AVright Hall, William Beer and John J. Leonard, Trustees. First Congregational Church of ^Vmiada was organized November 2(3, 1844, with Alvah Sibley, Perrin C. Goodell, Sumner Pierce and Solomon Stone, Trustees. The first Baptist .society of Romeo was organized February 9, 1847, with David Quack- enboss, Nathaniel Bennett, Horace Bogart, Wiley Bancroft, David Green and Philo Will- son, Trvistees. The first Baptist Chiu'ch was organized January 28, 1854. First Baptist Church and society of Mt. Vernon was organized May 23, 1848, with Hiram Calkins, William A. Burt, A. G. Benedict, Lewis G. Tanner and Elisha Calkins, Trustees. The German Evangelical Lixtheran (St. Peter's) congregation of Wayne and Macomb Counties, formed in 1846, was organized as a society under State law Februaiy 6, 1849, with Frederick Reh. George Nauvmer, Fred S}5eirs, Bernhard Christoph, Schroeder, J. F. Winkler. The Baptist society of Macomb was organized January 22, 1849, with Benjamin Gam- ber, George Hall, John Crittenden, Jesse Goodsell, Leonard Weston and J. Hui^toon, Tnistees. First Congregational Church of Chesterfield was organized June 2, 1S50, with Charles ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. B. Matthews, Eber C. Denison and Samuel Coppernoll, Trastees. The church was formed in 1847. First Methodist Episcopal society of Chesterfield was organized November 15, 1S51. by the appointment of John Hemman, Stephen Fairchild, S. B. Simmons. Roberts. Craw- ford and Andrew Ross, Trustees. First Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mt. Clemens was organized -July 3, 1854, un- der the name of Zion Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mt. Clemens, with John Vrocklen, J. C. Reimold, Abram Devantier, J. W. Miller, C. Roekr, John I. Murthum, Trustees. The Evangelical Emaniiel Lutheran Church was organized in the town of Macomb, October 9, 1854, with C. F. Schultz, C. F. Pasner and J. F. W. Randts, Trustees. The First Congregational society of Utica was organized January 13, 1S55, with Payne K. Leech, Ira H. Butterlield. George W. Giddings, John B. Chapman and Oliver Adams, TriTstees. The first Methodist Episcopal Chiu'ch of Macomb was organized February 15, 1855, by the appointment of the following Trustees: R. S. Crawford, Samiiel Fan-, J. A. Craw- ford, L. Bloss and Jacob Ellis. First Free-Will Baptist Chiu-ch of Bruce was organized June 1'2, 1855, with James Hosner. H. Hosner, Abram S. Powell, Absalom Brabb and Jacob Hosner. Trustees. The Free- Will Baptist society of Lenox and Chesterfield was organized March 15. 1856, with Benjamin D. Rogers, Levi S. Bement. Thadeus Hazleton, Allen Farr and George MeCaul, Trustees. First Baptist society of Ai-mada was organized May 24, 1856, with Ezra Torey, Al- bei'tus A. Puison and Sanford H. Corkin, Trustees. First Congregational Society of Ashley was organized April 29, 1856, with T. M. Willson, L. Haskins, Charles Terry, S. F. Atwood, A. Ashley, S. B. Farnham, Trustees. First German United Evangelical society of Mt. Clemens was formed January 31, 1859, with thirty-one members. The First Methodist Episcopal Church of Armada was organized Feljraary 19, 1859, with Allen L. Frost, Joseph Gleason, Gideon Draper, Warren Tibbits, William F. Mallary and Benjamin Maybee. Trustees. First Presbyterian society of Erin Township was organized January 7, 1861, with John Common. James McPherson, Moses Bottomley, James !Middletou. George Moore- house and Thomas Common, Trustees. "The Church at Warren,'' presumably of the denomination known as the "'Church of Christ,'' was organized February, 1858, with Hazeu Warner, Sylvauus B. Royce and Sylvester Haiwey, Tnistees. First Methodist Episcopal Church of Richmond was organized February 12, 1858, with Anisey AV. Sutton, Asa Allen, Jen. B. Graves, Middleton Thompson and Hamilton Holly, Trustees. First Methodist Episcopal Church of Biuce was organized, with Daniel Smith, Elijah Smith, William H. Pool, M E. Hunt, Trustees. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The Protestant Methodist Chiirch of New Baltimore was organized June 15, 1863, with Marvin M. Saunders, Ransom Fox, William Fralick. A. J. Heath and James House, Trustees. The Protestant Methodist Church of Shelby was organized April 13, 18<)3. with Will- iam Arnold, William Buxton, Austin McLellen, Joel Lewis. James McLellen, Henry Decker and Heniy Singer, Trustees. First St. Peter's United Reform Lutheran Chm-ch of Lenox was organized July 6. 1863, with John G. Meyer, Hemy Remer and William Beir, Trustees. Seventh-Day Adveutists of Memphis organized a society January T). 1864. with James Potter, Harford Phillips and Mitchell McConnell. Trustees. First St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Erin was organized February 8, 1864, with Justus Wormspecker, John Eberlein, John T. Elierlein, Trustees. The Baptist Church of Disco was organized, and the following-named Trustees elected, December 18, 1865: James Payne. Alson Haines and Isaac Montfore. The Christian Union Association of Richmond was organized Jamiary 2, 18<)6, with Reuben Burgess, William Lamphire, Daniel Gleason, John Hicks. George H. Perkins, Harvey G. Trench, Daniel Flagler, J. M. Hicks and Reuben A. Biu-gess, Trustees. The Religious Philosophical society of Sterling was organized April 7, 1866. with Justus V. Starkey, James Bentley and Calvin More. Trustees. The German United Evangelical St. Paul's Chm-ch of Warren was organized June i:^, 1864, with Ct. B. Berz. W. E. Hai-tsig, John B. Jacob, C. Ringe and Louis Hartsig, Trustees. St. Emanuel's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Waldenburg was organized April 28, 1867, with Aug. Weber, Godlove Klockow and Aug. Posner, Trustees. The First Christian Church of Romeo was organized October 12, 1867, with Nathan Keeler, Robert Hamilton, Daniel Flagler, Stephen Grinnell and Edward Soule, Trustees. The first religious society of Ray was organized February K), 1869, with A. B. Shel- don, John E. Day, Arad Freeman, S. A. Fenton, A. L. Ai-mstrong, R. S. Cairns, George Bottomley and Oran Freeman, Trustees. The First Congregational society of New Haven was organized November 17, 1868, with John Millard. Adam Bennett, Morgan Nye and James F. Dryer, Trustees. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church of New Baltimore was organized in January. 1871, with F. Miller, W. Heinemau, A. Stuth, J. Larch, H. Heidderck. Fred Harms, Trustees. First Baptist society of Richmond was organized June 15, 1869. with Manson Far- rar, Harvey French, D. J. Stewart, James W. Coo))er and H. F. Douglass, Trustees. First Methodist Chiu-ch of Warren was organized July 18, 1872, with Israel Hudge, pastor; Benjamin B. Smith, Secretary: John L. Beebe, Elijah Davy and Nelson Tupper, Tnistees. The Emanuel Church of Lenox was associated January 25, 1873, with William Kuhn, Aug. Kuhn. William Killman, Cai'l Furstnem and Fritz Killman, Trustees. '.^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. First Free Methodist society of Richmond was associated March 19, 1873, with Will- iam Carter, C. L. Harris, C. H. Coruuse, Trustees. The First Independent Methodist Church of Warren was organized March 12, 1873, with Richard Bai-ton, Isaiah Davy, James W. Hoyt, C. Davy, J. Norris, E. W. Halsey. Trustees. The Methodist Chui-eh of Shelby Circuit was organized Sejitember 22, 1875, with Al- fred Watters. Putnam McClellan, Harmon Vosbiu-g, Trustees. The Seventh-Day Adventists of Armada organized their society October 18, 1873, with D. H. Lamson, S. T. Beardsley and William Wellman, Trustees. ^ St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Chui-ch of New Baltimore was organized February 23. 1875, with P. F. H. Schars, John Johr. Rev. G. M. Skinner, C. L. Bradish. G. L. Phelps and George Elsey. signers of agi-eement. The Methodist Chm-ch of Bay was incorporated March (J. 1876. with Dewitt Pretty, Joy Warran. Abial Green, Trustees. Evangelical Lutheran Trinity Church of Clinton was organized October 31, 1878, with Henry Marlow, John Meitz, Charles Dettrich, Trustees. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran congregation was organized November 8. 1878, with F. Kline, Christ Rieek and Fred Hummell. Trustees. St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church of Sterling was organized and rules for gov- ernment adopted January 10. 1880, with F. Schmidt. A. Newman. J. Beulet. G. Kukuk and F. Teller. Trustees. The Methodist Protestant Chm-ch of Warren was organized ]\Iareli 15, ISSO, with Charles Kidd, Milo Ames and Elijah Davy. Trustees. The First Baptist Church of Macomb, in the town of Sterling, was incorporated Feb- ruary 21, 1880. with John Crittenden, George S. Hall and Samuel Goodsell, Tnistees. The Union Church society of Washington was organized in 1880. with William A. Stone. W. W. Vaughn, Henry Bennett and Timothy Lockwood, Trustees. In the pages devoted to township histories, an effort will be made to deal fxilly with each of these organizations. Here, the subject of county churches only bears a general treatment for the purpose of rendering the general history of the county complete in this particular. In 1881, John E. Day prepared a history of the churches of Macomb. The paper is replete with historical interest, and will be found a most valuable addition to this section of the general history. In the year 1781. all the Moravian missionaries laboring at three different stations on the Muskingum River in Ohio were taken prisoners and brought be- fore Col. De Peyster at Detroit, charged with treason to the- English Government in act- ing in concert with United States troojis at Pittsburgh. Early in July, several of the Indians who had been connected with the mission arrived at Detroit, among whom were Richard Conner and his family. Col. De Peyster was much interested in their behalf, and, through his influence permission was obtained of the Chippewas to settle upon their lands. De Peyster then advised them to settle upon the Hiu'on (Clinton) River, and to X^ IH^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. brini;r thfir Indian couveiis there. He furnished thein a vessel and provisions and such utensils as they needed, together with two milch cows, some horses, and his lady also made them several useful presents, Ou the 20th of July, 1S71, Zeisburger and .Jungman, with their families, and Edwards and Jungsiugle, missionaries, set out from Detroit with sixteen Delaware Indians, and arrived at their new home on the Clinton River the next evening. They named the place New Grnadenhutten, in remembrance of the old home on the Muskingum. It was then a perfect wilderness. Soon more of the dispersed con- verts were gathered to them, and a large settlement was in prospect. On the 10th of De- cember, 1783, the first ordinance of baptism was administered within our county. Sus- anah, daughter of Richard Conner, and afterward wife of Elisha Harrington, was bap- tized at the mission. She was the first child of white parents speaking the English lan- guage born within the county. She lived always in the cou.nty, and died at the age of sixty-tive years. Col. De Peyster, in treating with the Chippewas, had arrans^ed that they should remain until peace was established between Great Britain and the United States. As they continued to remain after this, the Chippewas became jealous of them and as- sumed a threatening aspect, and on the 20th of April, 1786, the whole was abandoned and the colony scattered. The United States Government gave to Mr. Conner a deed of 160 acres of land in consideration of the fact that he had occupied it prior to the year 1796. Little was done at this point, now called Frederick, until after the war of 1812. During the scenes of this war, the Indians and the British soldiers had made a total destruction of the settlement, from which the few inhabitants fled at their approach. They bm-ned and threw down the buildings, and used the fruit trees as hitching posts for their horses, thus destroying most of them. Thus was closed the mission of this remarkable class of reformers, and with it died the hope expressed by one of their most noted ministers, that '• the Gospel may yet find an entrance among; the wild Chippewa tribes inhabiting those parts." Next we find the Roman Catholic religion taught in a log chapel on the Clinton River, in 1806. Turning next from these, the first missionary of which we find any record is a Method- ist of the name of Case. This man was located at Detroit in the early days of Methodism in Michigan, about the year 1807. In that year, he preached repeatedly in the house of Mr. William Tucker, in the township of Harrison. He also preached at the house of Christian Clemens. But no organization seems to have been effected until the people had somewhat recovered from the effects of the war of 1812. On the return of peace to cm- borders, emigrants came from the East, and with them came missionaries of the Method- ist, the Presbyterian and the Episcopal orders. Meetings were held in the com-t house, a log structure built in the year 1818; in schoolhouses, where any existed; in bju'us and in private dwellings, and in the open woods. In December, 1821, Piatt B. Morey, a Methodist clergyman, was taken sick at Mt. Clemens, died, and was buried there, but whose body was removed to the cemetery at De- troit, where it now rests. He was the first Methodist minister whose body was buried in Michigan soil. i "V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. In 1824, a class was formed in HaiTison; in 1826, one at Mt. Clemens. Who were the Moravians ? They were a society of brethren taking their name from the country of Moravia, from which they sprang in the twelfth centmy. They were of a quiet and loving disposition, and so united were they in their beliefs and piu'poses as to gain the name of United Brethren. They were similar in religious belief to Luther, and were remarkable for zeal in missionary labors. Soon after 1824, preaching was enjoyed at Utica, but no organization was formed un- til some years later. In the year 1825, Abel Warren, who, the year before, had settled in the township of Shelby, began to preach, and without doubt held meetings in the vicinity of Utica. but the exact dates I am not at present able to give. At Romeo, religious wor. ship was first instituted by the Methodists previous to the year 1824. Elias Pettit, who at that time had charge of the Deti'oit Circuit, came out as far as the " Hoxie settlement " (Romeo), and preached in the houses of the settlers. This pio- neer of Methodism in Michigan was born in Vermont, and on his conversion and license to preach, was sent into Canada on a missionary tour for some years. He was the first minister of which we have any knowledge as preaching in the northern portion of the county. He was a powerful man, of large and robust frame, and powerful lungs, and was what the brethi'en of those times were wont to call a powerful preacher. It, was said of him that he would travel a circuit as long as he could get anything to eat on it. and then go to work and earn something, and then take the circuit again. He died in Iowa, in the year 1860. Associated with the above as a local preacher was Elder Warren, whose memory is still fragrant in many a household. This man was the first who was licensed to preach in the State of Michigan. He was not a man of classical education, but brought to the work what, for the place and times, was better still — a kind and sympathetic heart and a large stock of sound, i^ractical common sense. In the early years of the settlements, his serv- ices were often in requisition far and near, as he was the man desired to officiate at fu- nerals, thus becoming endeared to nearly every family. He had also a fine musical talent, and was usually the leader in the service of song on most occasions. Albert Finch, then an old man, was the pioneer who opened his house for the religious services and for the entertainment of the minister. It was in his house that the class was formed. This class consisted of Albert Finch, Joseph Freeman, James Leslie and their wives, and was the first chm-ch of Protestant faith formed in the county. In the year 1826, a remarkable revival occurred in the little settlement, at which many young peojjle were converted who have since made useful members of society and lights in the Christian world. The per- sons forming this society (class), with most who joined at the time of the first revival, have passed away, and only their memory and the fruits of their toil remain (aliout the year 1827). This was very early in the history of Michigan's religious life, for a report of the Detroit Circuit, three years jirevious, gives '• one circuit, one minister, twenty members and one log meeting-house." About the year 1827, a minister of the Congregational order visited the village of HISTORY OF MACOMB COUMTY. Romeo, and preached in such places as seemed most convenient. Although living at Pon- tiac, he felt an interest in the work of founding new churches and in ministering to the spiritual wants of those who lacked the means of grace. He used regularly to make the journey on foot to Romeo, and preach at this and iatermediate points once in four weeks It was under his aid and advice that a Congregational Church was formed in 1829, the first in the county and second in the State, consisting of eight persons, one of whom still survives (in 188 1). His wish to die in the harness was gratified, for he died while attend- ing General Oongi'egational Association of Michigan. As Abel Warren was the pioneer of Methodism in this county, so was Mr. Ruggles of Congi'egationalism. His custom was to visit the family of each settler, tind out their faith and denomination, and so gather together those of his belief and preach to them un- til a settled minister could be procured. These two men have wrought out for northern Macomb a religious history of which we have seen the blade and the ear, and it is hoped we may yet see abundantly the full corn in the ear. The church planted thus in the woods was blessed in numbers and in usefulness, and was the City of Refuge to many a soul seeking escape from the pursuit of sin. The lirst minister to the chiu'ch at Romeo was Rev. Luther Shaw, from 1830 to 1835; afterward. Rev. O. O. Thompson, J ames B. *Shaw, Mr. Kellogg. Hurd Ladd and others. In 1 835, Episcopal services began to be held by a Rev. Mr. Holister, which services have been maintained irregularly to the present time. In 1846, a Baptist Church was organized in Romeo, with nine members, of which Rev. E. A. Mather was for a long time pastor. Still later, those of the Christian persuasion became united, under the care of Elders Cannon and Richards, and built a chiu'ch. In chru-eh building, the Congregational at Romeo takes the lead, the first being erected in 1834, at a cost of about 1400. Some fifteen years later, this was removed and used as a private school, and a more commodious house erected in its jilace. In 1878, this second house was torn down, and the present edifice takes its place. The Methodists built a church in 1839, with a basement, which was used as an audience room one year, when the body of the house was completed. In 1855. it was found necessary to enlarge the building, and again in 1867. In 1872, the old church was removed from the ground and the present church edifice erected. Still another of the early workers in the cause of religion was the Rev. John Taylor, who settled in the township of Bruce in the yeai' 1832. He was thoroughly educated, re- fined in his tastes, genial and noble in his bearing, and of kind and pleasing address — a finished scholar of the old school. For some time he held Sabbath services in his own house; then was instrumental, with the aid of his neighbors, in building ujwn his own land a small building, which served for many years as chui'ch and schoolhouse. The Scotch settlement was just being formed at this time, and they united with the people of Bruce, and. in July, 1833, a church was formed, of six persons as members, most of them bringing letters from churches to which they formerly belonged. Members were received into this church from Monroe County, N. Y. ; from East Hampton, L. I. : ri^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. from Old South Church:, Boston; from Marlboro, N. H. ; from Monroe, N. Y., and from Brighton, N. Y. ; and many from the Reform Presbyterians, or Seceders, in Scotland. This church prospered under the ministrations of Mi'. Taylor, and reached a membership of nearly eighty. In the year 1830, a division arose, the history of which may be of in- terest. The settlers, as mentioned above, were largely from New England, and brought with them the habits and customs of their native States. Among these customs was that of commencing the keeping of the Sabbath upon the evening of the day previous, and ending at sunset of the Sabbath. Another was that of meeting upon the evening of the Sabbath to sing and practice in church music. Both these customs met the disapproval of the Scottish brethren, and a breach was opened. Added to this was the fact that the Scotch bretlu-en clung with great tenacity to the use of the Psalms rendered in rhyme for church music, and objected to the employment of any instrument of music in the church. These differences began to be talked about and agitated, until at last two or more of the Scotch brethren brought the whole matter to an issue by demanding a dismissal and a letter of recommendation. The ground of complaint was clothed in the following lan- guage: 1. That the church violate the Sabbath in attending singing schools on Sabbath evenings. 2. That the church make use of and sing Watts' Psalms and Hymns in public worship. 3. That some of the church consider the Sabbath as commencing at evening and ending at evening, and so violate their Sabbath. Discipline was followed by entreaty, and a church meeting was called to consider the case, and was adjourned hoping that the breach would in some manner be closed up. But such was not the case, and the church reluctantly voted to grant the request of the two brethren, and also of any others who might be in a like manner disaffected. The gap thus made continued to widen as one after another withdrew, until nearly one-half the members had withdrawn, the church expressing the hope that " when they have more thor- oughly weighed and considered the matter, they will return and renew their covenant and continue to enjoy Christian privileges with us." The Scotch members all withdrew at this time, and formed a church in the midst of the Scotch settlement, in the township of Al- raont, which church is still in a prosperous condition. This calamity was followed by another of greater effect upon the little church, which was the death of the pastor, who had borne it in his arms thus far. He died suddenly, in December, 1840, di-essed to attend chui'ch. He jsrepared to meet his God in the earthly sanctuary, bitt met Him in heaven. They were now children without a father, and were to continue in this condition for some years. Still another cause was the discipline«of un- ruly members. The jiulpit was supplied for a time from Romeo, and latterly the church at Bruce and that at Armada Village acted jointly, and the same minister served in both places. This was continued for many years, with mutual satisfaction, l)ut at length the mem- bership had so decreased, and a change of pastors occurring at Armada, the appointment at this place was di'oj)ped. In 1834, a Methodist class was formed at what is known as the center of Armada, at 368 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. a log schoolhouse lately erected at that place, I think under the direction of Rev. Leonard Hill, minister in charge at Romeo. Urial Day was Class-Leader of this class, and regularly walked from his house three miles to meet his class. A Sabbath school was also held here, and Mr. Tenj'cke. who lived on the Andrews farm, and Mr. Elijah Burke, of Armada, were regular attendants and officers. After two or three years, a class was formed at West Armada, and the appointment at the Center was taken ujj. Urial Day was made leader of the new class. The class at West Armada was maintained for many years, and preaching regularly supplied from Romeo, and latterly from Armada. A Sabbath school was held in connection with the aj^point- ment a portion of the time. From deaths and removals of members, this appointment was taken up about the year 1860. At an early day — the date I have not yet been able to fix — ^Rev. John Cannon, of Washington Township, with Mr. H. N. Richards, and a little later, with Bro. Reuben R. Smith, began to hold meetings of Christian order, having as a center a schoolhouse four miles north of Romeo, on the Almont road. From this place as a center, meetings were held in a circle of ten miles diameter for many years, but I am not aware that any church was formed until that at Romeo, about the year 1865, soon after which a chm-ch was built' and the society has prospered. In the year 1840, Rev. Elisha D. Andrews took uj) his residence at the center of Ai'mada. and aided very much in the development of the relig- ious sentiment of northern Macomb. He heli.1 meetings at the houses of the settlers or at the schoolhouse. He assisted often in the burial service for the settlers, and cheered by his counsel and comfort the sick and the dying. The first preaching in the village of Ai-mada, in the house of Elijah Bui-ke, by Isaac Ruggles, of Pontiac. Services had been held previously by a Baptist minister at or near Sanford Corbin's. A church organization was effected at this place, of whom Deacon Goodale and wife and Sanford Corbin and wife, as also Mrs. Pliny Corbin, were members. The Baptist Chm-ch in the village was formed in the year 1856, and the appointment at Deacon Goodale's taken up. Previous to this time, the people living south of this place attended chiu-ch at Ray Center. The Baptist Church at Ray was formed at an early date) as early, I think, as 1830 to 1834. The place was then known as the Chubb settlement, and some of that name were among the movers or the new organization. The house of worship at the Chiibb settlement was a frame building, about 18x26 feet, with a huge stone fire-place in one end. In later years, when it was concluded to place it stove in the building, the pulpit was placed over the stones of which the hearth was formed, and some of the ministers thought it was a sort of doing penance, standing and kneeling on the stones during the service. Mr. Wright, commonly known as Elder Wright, preached at this house for some time, living on his farm some two miles south of the church. A Congregational Church was also formed at Ray about the year 1834, I think by Rev. O. C. Thompson, which had a varying degree of prosperity, but is now extinct. The ohl Baptist Church served the people of all denominatioDS, until the year 1868, when a i "V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. division arose in the society on the qiiestion of a site for a church. The people living south of and about the corners on vyhich the old chui-ch stood felt that that was the cen- tral place, and the only proper place, for a church to stand, while that portion of the so- ciety living about the place known as Freeman's Mill, could not consent to pay most of the building fund and travel all the distance, to build a church in a mud-hole at the center. The result was that two churches were built, and two religious societies organized, the one at the center as Congregational, under the leadership of Mr. England, and the society at the mill as a union society, with a sprinkling of nearly all denorbinations, but claimed by the i\Iethodists, and a small class formed. A large and flom-ishing Sabbath school was formed at the Union Chiu-ch, or rather in the schoolhouse, before the church was built. This school was organized through the efforts of J. E. Day, who was its Si^perintendent for several years- Services were held in the Union Church by the Free-Will Baptists, un- der Rev. E. E. Clark, and Congregational under Rev. E. Gr. Baird and Rev. Samuel Phil- lips. In 1879, Rev. J. Young Christian, of Romeo, commenced a series of meetings, which resulted in an extensive revival and a greatly enlarged and active chm-ch member- ship. The Congi-egational Church in Armada Village was formed in 1N35, by Rev. John B. Shaw, of the church at Romeo, who ministered to it in spiritual things for a short time, when Rev. S.' A. Benton became its pastor, which position he held for fourteen years, and was succeeded by Rev. S. M. Judson, then by R. G. Baird. The Methodist Class in Armada was formed at a date somewhat later than that of the Congregationalist, the precise time I have not been able to learn. It was for some time connected with the class at Richmond, the records of which do not come to hand. The Methodist Episcopal Church edifice was built in the year 1860 or thereabout. Societies were formed at Memphis at a date not long after that at Armada, but the exact dates I have not been able to learn. Rev. William P. Russell settled in that village in 1848, and remained thirty- two years, met the religious wants of a very large commu- nity, in whose houses he was often seen and always welcome. In growing up with this people, he had grown into their very hearts, and by his presence at every scene of joy or son-ow, became very dear to them. He baptized their infants, married their young, and in sorrow and with sympathy cheered the aged and the sick^ and buried their dead. And here let us drop for the present the chain of history of religious development of Macomb County, to be made more full and complete by some wiser pen than mine. Were there better men and women then than now? Self-denial for the welfare of Christ's cause was more common than it is to-day. Father Ruggles could walk from Pon- tiac to the St. Clair River and retm-n — a journey of more than one hundi-ed miles — every month, to preach to new-comers who had no other means of supply, and his coming was anticipated and enjoyed with the keenest relish. Welcomed in every house, he blessed and honored every one which he entered. Self-denial was practiced to attend public wor- ship. Women and men, with their children, walked from four to eight miles to hear the sermon. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The visit of the minister at the homes of the settlers was an event to be remembered by each member of the household, for he talked to each of the one great end of life and their prospects for a ha]ipy eternity. The minister was revered then more than now. The very name preacher carried with it a sacredness not now felt. They were austere in their lives, earnest in their work, and beyond reproach in their lives. The duties of those of the first generation in this county were of a formative char- acter. It is to them, under God, we owe our prestige. Religiously, morally, education- ally, they have made us what we are. The duties of us of the second generation are of a preservative nature. To protect, to preserve pure and to perpetuate are no less important than to create. God grant we may discharge our duties as well as they have done theirs. If we do this, we shall see not only the blade and the ear, but each succeeding year will develop abundantly the full corn in the ear. CHAPTER XXII. THE WAR FOR THE UNION. In former pages, full references are made to the action taken by the old settlers of this county in the military afi'airs known as the war of 1812, the Black Hawk war, the Toledo war and the Mexican campaign. Here let us deal with the county dm-ing that eventful period in the nation's history when the Republic demanded a first sacrifice from the newly erected States — that period when the very safety of the glorious heritage be- queathed by the Fathers as a rich legacy was threatened by a fate worse than death — a life under laws that acknowledged slavery, a civil defiance of the first implied principles of the constitution. Michigan was among the first to I'espond to the summons of patriotism and register itself on the national roll of honor, even as she was among the first to join in that joyous hymn which gi-(>eted the Republic, made doubly glorious within a century by the dual vic- tory which snatched freedom fi-om the hands of tyranny at Yorktown in 1781, and won the precious boon for the colored slave in 1865. The history of the great rebellion comes next in importance to that of the Revolution; but yet the former is entwined more closely with the newer States and their various dis- tricts. For this reason it seems just that, as the work of the wi'iter proceeds, he should pass in review what one new State has accomplished in the interest of the Union, and make special reference to those gallant men of Macomb County who left their homes to join the thousands of defenders from Michigan, who appeared upon the field to maintain all those precious liberties guaranteed by the constitution; to preserve the most sublime political union that ever existed; to bind still closer the peoples of our gi-eat States together. In April. 1861, immediately after the electric wire flashed the tidings of war into every citv. town and hamlet of the United States, the President's call for volunteers was ir .,S«KS5»«St tr ^^^^ t^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. made known. Then hui'rying thousands from all parts of the State rushed forward to re- spond; but amidst the volunteer.s, there were none more earnest, more enthusiastic, than the men of this county. Organization was pressed forward, ranks were tilled up, and, when the crisis was apparent, few, if any, counties surpassed Macomb in the celerity of military movement, or in the number and quality of private soldiers and officers sent forth to the field. In this history of Macomb in the war for the Union, each regiment comprising any telling niunber of her citizens claims a very full notice. This is due to the people. It is also necessai-y for the purpose of rendering the history of that important period more fa- miliar, and so the \vriter deems it a matter of the greatest importance to deal with the subject as extensively as the plan of this work will permit. In the first part of the chap- ter, the history of company organization is given, which is followed by regimental sketches and personal references to the troops and officers, in which the names of the soldiers of this county who died during the war, or survived their campaigns to receive honorable dis- charge, are recorded. To this section much attention has been given, and if an en-or should appear, it must be credited to a generally accepted theory, rather than to a want of attention or carelessness in compilation. The fall of Fort Sumter was a signal for the uprising of the State. The news of the calamity was flashed throughout the world on April 14, 1rewland Jt Co., of that village, presented the regimental color, which is now in possession c:)f the Soldiers' Society, of ilacomb and St. Clair, who render it double honor on account of the service it has^seen. as well as in memory of the ten comrades who fell in its defense. The Fifth Infantry left Detroit en route to the front September 11, 1861c went into camp near Alexandria: sfcLrmished with the rebels at Pohick Creek. January y, 1862. ami. in March, entered upon regular duty in Berry's Command, of PhiL Kearney's Division of M!cClelland"s Peninsular Corps. It was engaged in. the siege of Torfctown from April -t to May 5. 1862. losing thizty-four killed and, ll'j wounded, at Williamsburg May o. The place of honor was bestowed on the Fifth Infantry that day by Gen. Eeamey, which place was well filled, since the command t(5ok the rebel ritie pit at the bayonet's pcDint. Fair f '-^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Oaks was contested May 31. The affairs of Peach Orchard, Glendale and Malvern Hill took place June 29, 30 and July 1, 1862. At Peach Orchard, thirty men were killed and ]1V> wounded. Charles H. Hutehins was among the killed and Charles S. Traverse re- ceived wounds which resulted in his death at Washington, July 22. In the report of Capt. Farrar. dated Harrison's Landing, July 4, special mention is made of Capts. Gillooly and Matthews, Lieuts. Shook, Ladue, Edgerly, Pomeroy, Johnson and Adjutant John W. O'Callaghan. Maj. Fairbanks died of wounds at Washington July 25. The Second Bull Run. August 28, Grovetown, August 29, and Chantilly. September 1, won new laurels for the regiment. At Fredericksburg. December 13. Lieut. Col. John Gillooly. its commanding officer, was killed, with nine of his men. The body was searched out by Lieut. H. B. Blackman, uf Howell, who brought it to Michigan for burial. The regiment crossed the Rappahannock May 1, 18(33, participated in the affair of the Cedars, May 2, and, on the 3d, entered the battle of Chaucellorsville, losing in those affairs seven killed and forty-three wounded, together with Lieut. Col. Sherlock, who fell at Chancellorsville. Gettysbui-g was fought July 2 and 3; Wapping Jleights, October 1 ; Kelly's Ford, November 20; Locust Grove, November 27, and Mine Run November 29, 1863. In the affair at Gettysburg, the command lost nineteen killed, ninety wounded and five prisoners. It suffered a small loss in the subsequent engagements. Among the killed at Locust Grove was Lieut. Dan B. Wyker. After the affair at Mine Run, the Fifth went into camp near Brandy Station. Leaving that point December 28, 1863, with 177 officers and men, it reached Detroit January 4, 1864, where a furlough of thirty-six days was granted. The regiment recruited at Deti-oit, and again left, under Col. Pulford, for the fi-ont, February 10, 1864, and arrived at Brandy Station February 14. Crossed the Rapidan May 3, and entered the Wilderness May 5, at Orange Coiu-t House. In the opening ac- tion of the campaign of 1864, Capt. G. W. Rose was mortally wounded, and Col. Pulford and Maj. Matthews severely wounded. On the 6th, Capts. E. H. Shook and W. W. Waken- shaw were wounded, yet took a full part in the battle of the Wilderness. Capt. Hiorlbut was killed at Todd's Tavern, on the 8th. At Po River, 10th ; Spottsylvania. 12th ; North Anna River, 23; Tolopotomy. 30th of May, 1864, the regiment well sustained its name. Lieut. Pierce was killed at North Anna. The Fifth. Michigan Infantry, as organized in 1861, may be said to have lost its individuality after the affair at Cold Harbor, June 2, 1864, for, on the 10th of that month, the Third Michigan Infantry was consolidated with it. The regiment as re-organized entered service at Petersburg, June 16 to 22; on the 25th and 26th. it served on picket and fatigue duty; on the 27th and 28th, was present at Deep Bottom. It participated in the affairs at Poplar Springs Court House, September 30; at Boydton Road, October 27, 18()4. After this, it formed the garrison of Fort Davis, on the Jerusalem pike road. On March 26, 1865, it was present at Hatcher's Run, and at Boydton Road; on April 2, on service wii reproche. Retui'ning, it ref>orted for discharge at Jackson, Mich., July 18, 1865, and was disbanded oq the 29th. SOLDIKRS' liECOIU). Peter Connor died at Monterey July 22, 1862. George W. Stanley, died at Nashville; no date. James Branagan, fell at Nashville April 6, 1865. Benjamin Getchell, died at Detroit March 15, 1864. Discharged— John McGuire, Matthias Hal ler, Daniel Donahue, Charles Fuller, Fran- cis Haganer, William Lamb, Robert F. Montgomery, Seth Chase, George L. Myers, Fran- cis Cherboneau, Charles J. Stephens, William Hockuell, Richard Lamb, Aldest L. Hock- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. nell, Joseph Tourbot, Henry Gillespie, Austin S. Phelps, Patrick Casey, Amos Armstrong, John Franklin, John Cotterel, Daniel Donahue, William Lamb, Robert Montgomery. Riehai'd Trombley, Caleb Boss, George Gordon, Conroy Collier, Alex McMillan. FIFTEENTH MICHIGAN INFANTRY. The Fifteenth Michigan Infantry was organized under Col. J. M. Oliver, at Monroe, and mustered into service March 20, 1862, with a force of 869 men. The command reached Pittsburg Landing in time for the military afifairs at that place April, 6 and 7, 1862, and served with distinction throughout the Mississippi, Georgia and Carolina cam- paigns, concluding its services at Bentonville, N. C, March 19, 1865. Arriving at Detroit September 3. 1865, the regiment was disbanded. soldiers' eecord. Jeremiah Wall, died at Corinth August 8, 1862. Discharged — Felix Morreil, James W.Brown, Ashel Crawford, Christian Ohrens, Carl Eckhart, Lafayette Giddings, Wallace Gamber, Carl Gloefk, George Hall, Jacob Bliss, Aug. Behn, George C. Heydenrick. Joseph Kader, Anthony Taylor, JohnC. Rowley, Noah Sage, Frederick Waterman, Louis Grant, David Grant, George Scott, Elias Stockwell, John Hartline. SIXTEENTH MICHIGAN INFANTRY. The Sixteenth Michigan Infantry, originally known as Stockton's Independent Regi- ment, was organized at Camp Backus, Flint, by Col. T. W. B. Stockton, and left for Vir- ginia September 16,. 1861, with 761 officers and men. This command took part in no less than fifty-two important actions, beginning with the siege of Yorktown, Va. . April 4, 1862, and concluding with the siege of Petereburg April 3, 1865. The regiment was mustered out at Jeffersonville, Ind., July 8, 1865, and reported at Jackson for discharge July 12, where it was disbanded July 25, 1865. soldiers' rkcord. Elijah B. Coffin, killed at Bull Run August 30, 1862. Joseph McNall, killed at Gaines' Hill June 27, 1862. James Stevens, died at Gettysburg July 2, 1863. Charles H. Bancroft, died at City Point September 21, 1864. George M. Richards, died at Andersonville August 6, 1864. Charles G. Morris, died at Hall's Hill February 21, 1862. Discharged — Oliver Hopkins James H. Sands. James Russell, Cash Megi'ove. Charles Hetzler, Jeflerson L. Hetzler, James Hollister, Martin Bertman, AMlliam Palmer, Thomas J. Hollister, Hemy G. Lee, Charles H. Bancroft, J. W. Coykendall, Robert C. Warts. John Opfer. William R. McCann. John Duggan, John Daly, Thomas Gilby, Benson McCall. Adam Stefies. Magliore Cashway, Henry Rood, Charles Hetzler. Jefi' L. Hetzler. Joachim Nieman. Charles L. Harris, James R. Moreland, Robert C. Worts. Afz=z^ \iL HISTOllY OF MACOMB COUNTY. SEVENTEENTH MICHIGAN REGIMENT. The Seventeenth Michigan Infantry, or the Stonewall Regiment, was organized at De- troit in May. 1862, and left for the front August 27, under Col. William H. Withington. It took a most important part in the war for the Union; won renown at South Mountain, September l-t, 1862, and finished a brilliant career at Petersburg April 3, 18(55. The command aiTived at Detroit June 7, 1865. where it was disbanded. SOLDIRES' r-ICC iBD. John T. Fox, killed at Antietam September 18, 1862. John M. Robinson, died January 4 1863. DiBcharged — James Noonan. Frank Bockman, Alex Mosher. EIGHTEENTH MICHIGAN INFANTRY. The Eighteenth Infantry was organized at Hillsdale by Hon. Henry Waldron. and left for Cincinnati, under Col. E. Doolittle. September 4, 1862. The force comprised 1.002 men and officers. On the 1st of November. 1862, this regiment was stationed at Lexington. Ky., and remained at that point until February 21. 1863. when it marched to- ward Danville, arriving on the 22d. On the 24th of February, 1863, with the forces un- der Gen. Carter, it retreated from Danville to the Kentucky River, skirmishing with the rebels under Gen. Pegram during the retreat. On the 28th, the regiment joined in the pursuit of Gen. Pegram, following the rebels as far as Buck Creek, making a long and rapid march, partly over a rough, mountainous road. April 2. it returned to Stanford. On the 7th, it was ordei-ed to Lebanon, and thence proceeded by railroad to Nashville, ar- riving at Nashville April 14. It was stationed at Nashville, doing duty as provost guard, June 14. The list of deaths from fatigue and hardships of war, during the year, was eighty - nine. There were thirty-live made prisoners. From November, 1863, to June 11, 1864, the regiment acted as provost guard at Nashville. From July to September, it served with distinction in Alabama. At Decatur, on September 24, a detachment of 231 officers and men encountered 4,000 rebels under Forrest, and, for hve hours, gave battle. The de- tachment was annihilated. In October, the regiment played a most important part in the defense of Decatur. It remained in Alabama until June 20. when it left for Tennessee, where it was mustered out, at Nashville. June 26. It received its discharge at Jackson July 4, 1865. NINETEENTH MICHIGAN INFANTRY. The Nineteenth Infantry was organized under Col. H. C. Gilbert. atDowagiac. August, 1862; left for the front September 14, and. entering on active service with the Army of the Ohio, took a prominent part in twelve well-contested fields fi-om Thompson's Station, March 5, 1863, to Bentonville, March 19. 1865. The command was musteredj out at Washington June 10, aud disbanded at Jackson June 13, 1865. lUl HISTORY OF MACOMB COUXTY. TWENTIETH MICHIGAN INEANTRY. Israel J. Barry, discharged May 30. 1865. was the only soldier from Macomb re- ported in this command. TWENTY-FIEST MICHIGAN INFANTRY. This regiment was organized at Ionia, under Commandant J. B. Walsh, in July, 18*).3; niiustered in September 4. and left for the seat of war, under Col. Stephens, September 12. Its service began at Perryville. Ky.. October 8, 1862, and finished at Bentonville, March 19, 1865. The command returned and was disbanded at Detroit June 27. 1865. TWENTY-SECOND MICHIGAN IfJEANTRY. The story of this command was graj)hically related by Capt. Edgar AVeeks, now a lawyer of Moxmt Clemens, in his oration, delivered August 31. 1871, before the members of the old command, then assembled at Port Huron. From his sketch of the regiment the following is taken ; '' I shall never forget that the 30th of July, 1862, brought me my commission as Adju- tant of the Twenty-second Michigan Infantry, together with an order from the Command- ant of the rendezvous (the lamented Col. Wisner) to report at once for duty, at Pontiac. That, the evening of the same day found me. a stranger in that city, receiving orders from my superior officer, and siuTounding myself with the cares of my new position. The organization of the regiment commenced about that day, and, under the super- vision of Col. Wisner, was rapid and successful, and who of us will ever recall with any but pleasant emotions, those glorious days from the 1st of August to ths 4th of September, 1862, which we spent upon the fair grounds in Pontiac, teaching ourselves what we could of military discipline and preparing for the unknown duties of the future. Who among us will cease to remember the crowds of friends who daily came to visit us, bringing with them such overwhelming kindnesses, and departed followed by such boundless thanks from us. Almost every new-comer who joined our ranks was welcomed then as we can fancy the armies recruiting for the conquest of Palestine were wont to welcome each high- born and valiant knight who joined the swelling host from the wide ends of Christendom. The scene and occasion with us was not wanting in some of the elements of that romantic day, for those were loyal ladies at Pontiac. who. upon the eve of our departure, gave to the Twenty-second that splendid banner which was to lead the regiment to victory and fame. That glorious flag, which proved, indeed, a ' harbinger of victory,' and whose folds on many sanguinary fields became ' The sign of hope and triumph high. ' It was on the 4th day of September, 1862, that we bid adieu to Pontiac and our old camp ground. The incidents of that day will long preserve a" place in our memory, for it was a day of sad partings from friends and from homes. A thousand tender things oc- curred which we shared in feeling with each other; a thousand hearts throbbed with emo- tion at separations, which, alas, were final for so many. But with farewells to those dear relations and associations, the men of the gallant Twenty-second embarked for the perils and chances of a long campaign and the days that opened then were days which possessed a charm which separate them from all the others we had ever known: days in which we ■^ fe^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. enjoyed the romance, as well as realized the realities of wars dangers and war's sometimes harmless alarms. At the date of which we now speak, the war had been waged with various suc- cesses for seventeen months, and the rebels, flushed with recent victories at Richmond and Lexington, Ky., had marched across that State and were laying siege to Cincinnati and Cov- ington. Their tlag Haunted in the breezes of the Ohio, and was almost mirrored in its bosom. The whole Northwest was tilled with alarm at the prospect of an invasion of the Free States, and all the available forces of the country were being hm'ried to the scene of apprehended danger. On the southern bank of the Ohio were gathered the loyal sons of the Northwest to the defense of their "Queen City '—men from Indiana, Michigan, Illi- nois and the ' Squirrel Hunters " of Ohio, as well as her artisans and the business men of her cities. The Twenty-second was on the way to join them. My comrades will not soon forget the grand ovation that welcomed us to Detroit. The martial jiride of our men was gratified by a parade through the streets of that city, and on those streets were throngs of people, who everywhere cheered and greeted us with kind enthusiasm. Our embarkation that night on the steamer ' Morning Star,' for the trip across Lake Erie, was the last act performed in the presence of our friends, and we were soon receding from the last link that bound us to them and to home. The gleaming lights of the city were soon fading away over the dark waters of the river, beyond whose "widening tide' stood mothers and sisters and friends, to whose hearts — like perhaps to ours — was rushing a new and quickening sense of the separation, and who were wafting adieus to us in the same breath that uttered a mother's, a sister's or a father's prayer. I pass hm-riedly over the unimportant incidents of our arrival at Cleveland on that beautiful September morning, after the quiet trip across the lake; the dusty ride by rail to Cincinnati, the midnight arrival there, and the banquet spread for our reception at the market-house. The same night of our arrival at Cincinnati saw us across the broad Ohio, to Covington, and, under the light of a brilliant moon, which beautified the scene beyond my ])ower to describe, we marched into Covington and found ourselves upon the ' dark and bloody ground of Kentucky." Albeit the ground was anything but dark and bloody, and our slumbers that night were conducted upon the stone pavements of an inhospitable city. Prompt to the necessities of that stirring and dangerous time, the very next morn- ing, breakfastless, haggard and weary indeed, our place having been assigned to us in the long line defending C )vington, we marched out to our position and became a part of that irregular, ill-organized army which saved Ohio from invasion, Cincinnati from phmder and destruction and the whole North from panic and disgrace. The incidents of that remark- able time are yet fresh in our recollection. It was a time wherein the country witnessed, perhaps, the grandest effort of patriotism which the war evolved. Martial law prevailed in Cincinnati, and we saw the business of that great city suspended and its vast ware- houses and palatial mercantile establishments closed and deserted, that its leading citi- zens, its wealthy merchants might march to the rifle-pits with mattock and spade to build intrenchments, while the actual soldier and the squirrel hunter watched gi'imly for that hostile advance which seemed each hour ready to be precipitated upon om" lines. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Through the intolerable heat and dust of those days, we saw gradually arise those frowning earthworks which stayed invasion, and from behind which we kept at bay an ex- ultant enemy, out of which at last we marched and hurled the invader back to the Cum- berland Mountains. The limits of the hour forbid my enlarging upon the story of our labors and adventures on that line, but I will not pass unnoticed the famous battle of the 'Cabbage Patch," a faithful and minute description of which, under hands accustomed to such tasks, might be made to rival, if it did not pale the day of Hohenlinden or Water- loo. Neither must I omit to mention, as we pass along, the day"s excitement in om- camp engendered by the reported capture of Company A, while out on a scout under he leader ship of its redoubtable commanding officer. Prolonging its stay beyond the time limited by orders for the march, a rumor spread that the com[)any had been siu-rounded by a large body of the enemy and compelled to siuTender. Of course, the greatest regret ruled the bosoms of all of us at this unfortunate affair, until Col. Wisner. on hearing the report, allayed all our anxieties liy that well-remembered remark: ' No fear, gentlemen; Capt. Hatten cannot be sun'ounded by any body of rebels out of which he will not talk himself with the great- est ease and in the shortest possible time. " And sure enough Company A did ajjpear in time and marched gallantly back to quarters, without the loss of a man. Days of heat and dust on those dry, sandy hills; of marching and counter-marchiug; of short rations and anxiety, followed until the grand march through the heart of Kentucky to 'Snow's Pond,' that delightful 'Siloam' upon whose mai'gin we halted for a few days to slake oui- thirst, and the waters of which we shall all remember to our dying day, and finally, the arrival at Lexington. How many sad and how many cheerful memories com- mingle in oui- minds at the mention of Lexington. It was here we arrived, the ■2'2d of October, 180'2, and here we remained until the '22d of March, 1863. Our delightful camp, with its fondly remembered name, 'Camp Ella Bishop,' where that close friend- ship of oiu's was formed with the stiu-dy One Hundred and Twelfth Illinois, command- ed by that Chevalier Bayard, Col. Thomas J. Hender.son, and the versatile Eighteenth Michigan, commanded by the Chi'istian soldier, Charles C. Doolittle. The last-named regimert, our subsequent companions, and always close but jealous friends in marches and campaigns, that lasted just a year and a day. Our first sad bereavement met us here, at Lexington. On the 5th of January, 1863, after a brief illness, death struck from our muster rolls the gallant, self-sacrificing and noble-hearted Moses Wisner, our leader and our fi'iend. What feeble words of om-s can do his memory justice to day. A man of iron will, yet fjender as a child; of sturdy and ripe intellect, of undoubted patriotism and unmatched abilities, he led his command to the front of the war with as pure a devotion to the cause of his imperiled country as animated the heart of any patriot who ever died in the cause of liberty. His ungraceful form at the head of his command always recalled the mental picture of Oliver Cromwell, leading his 'Ironsides' regiment to victory. Like Hampden and Cromwell of an earlier time; like Lincoln and Hamilton of Revolutionary fame; like Alfi-ed H. Terrv and other notable HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. examples in om- own gi-eat war. Moses Wisner, bred in the arts of peace and perfect in the walk of a statesman, had, at the outset, but crude notions of the military art, but, when his country needed him on the field of war, he was there with a cool head, a stout heart and a will to do all that presented itself to be done. He died, at his post of duty, sin- cerely lamented by every one in his command, who appreciated the man and his motives, and the pageant of his funeral day attested the sincere respect of all the troops on duty at the post. Not less lamented by his circle of personal acquaintances, we lost there, too, a less conspicuous, but not less noble, officer, Lieut. John Sackett, of Company C, who died after a long sickness, regretted by those who knew him best. It was at Lexington that the men in the ranks of the Twenty-second displayed the most unconquerable fortitude in confronting the ' silent terrors ' of the hospital and the sickness incident to a winter of exposure with insufficient shelter from rains and cold. We sadly remember how many brave men yielded up their lives there, victims of disease. No less heroes in dying thus than those who fall amidst the roar of battle pierced by the bullet of an enemy. The sad and silent procession was startlingly frequent during this winter, and we paid the last sad rites to many a comrade whose memory is cherished by every one of us who survive to gather here to-day. "While lying here at Lexington, the spring of 18R3 opened gloomily for the Union cause in Kentucky. A mounted force of rebels, under Gen. Pegram, emerged from East Tennessee, crossed the Cumberland Mountains and River, and gave themselves up to the plunder of Southern Kentucky. Ingenious devices were resorted to by this foxy com- mander to exaggerate his armament and numbers in the minds of the helpless people, and the greatest alarm sjwead over that State. We all remember the confusion that seemed tc exist on our own side, and the marching and counter-marching, the movements hither and thither which ensued. At last a plan of a campaign seemed determined, and we marched away from Lexington on the 2'2d of March, 1S()3, and traveled that wild road to- ward Cmnberland Gap, through Crab Orchard, and then back to Danville. It was at Danville we were flanked by a clever enemy and had the lively skirmish in which Jen- nings, of Company B, and Hodgson, of Company A, were wounded. It wa« at this skir- mish at Danville that oiu- ' Contrabands " preferred to 'scent the battle from afar off,' and so incontinently fled the scene. It was during this bloody fray that the charger was shot beneath the Captain of Company A, and following these movements that we crossed the Dix River and the Kentucky River on that most singular retreat, which subsequent history demonstrated to have been the result of weakness in the General who commanded us in the camjsaign. But we marched with a cheerful tread to the front of the war and on the wild mountains, amidst the snow and sleet of winter's parting compliments, so nearly took part in the final overthrow of that host of rebel rough riders. The exigencies of the service soon called us from these stirring scenes, and, under orders to repair to Tennessee, we passed through and across Southern Kentucky, visiting Lancaster, Stamford, Danville. Camp Dick Robinson, we headed for the South. . Brigaded with the Eighteenth Michigan, we marched them a race for Lebanon. And it was amidst -(^ ,:U '^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. adventures like these that we reached, at last, the city of Lebanon, where we waged war for a day with high officials on the "'nigger" question, and where Kentucky chivalry failed to drive us from the position we had taken on that subject. In course of time, we reached Nashville (early in April), and there we remained doing gai'rison duty until the following September. I might repeat here the remark which we made of Lexington. ' How many sad, how many cheerful recollections start up at the mention of Nashville. It was here we lost Capt. Carleton, of Company E, whose sudden and tragic death cast a gloom over the whole command, while here Capt. Beards- lee, of Company D, died, not to name the many brave men who fell victims to the diseases of camj) in the hospitals of that city. The story we might tell of each humble soldier's death, would but be the same recital of devotion and patience and heroic submission. The summer we spent at Nashville is not remembered by any startling military ad- ventiu'e in which we took part, but its recollection is not embittered by a consciousness of any duty not well performed by the regiment, nor by any act of vandalism or want of military discipline. It was tlirough the summer of 1863, that the crisis of the war was reached and passed. The glorious but valueless victories which had been gained heretofore, had but served to develop the strength and perversity of the South, but, with the ' Battle Summer ' of 1863, came the fall of Vicksbm-g and Port Hudson, the great victory of Gettysburg, and finally, in September, the movement from Mm-freesboro southward by the Army of the Cumberland, under the leadership of Gen. Rosecrans. Speedily was all the country con- quered that lay between Nasliville and Chattanooga, and that Ijand of veterans led by the master spirit of Stone River prepared to close in dubious struggle with the hosts of Bragg in front of Chattanooga. The Twenty-second received orders to repair to the front. Willingly relinquishing the light duties and pleasant quarters at Nashville, the regiment embarked for the field of active work, and, on the "iOth of September, took part in the memorable battle of Chickamauga, one of the most gigantic and momentous conflicts of the war. A battle in which the total losses on the Union side were upward of ■20,000 men, and in which the rebels admit they lost 18,00(^ men. of whom 16,000 were killed and wounded, a battle in which the rebels reaped a questioaable victory, for all its fi'uits were gathered on the battle-field; a battle where the victor won the actual field, but when van- quished, had seciu'ed the gi'eat strategic object of the campaign — Chattanooga — and was abundantly able to retain and defend it; and, with the prize of Chattanooga, we possessed all East Tennessee, the Switzerland of America. I shall not attempt to describe the part taken by the Twenty-second in that battle. It has been the just task of historians to hand down on the page of history the deeds of that great day, and for steady com'age and reckless heroism, our regiment was not out- done on all that bloody field. Yom- deeds that day, soldiers of the Twenty-second Michi- gan, made the name of Chickamauga resplendent with the glory of your arms. But oh! the price at which victory and fame had been piu'chased. After the battle, nothing remained of the Twenty-second Init a shattered fragment of its once glorious L HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. line. Where these noble men had gone was a tjuestion that needed not to be asked. Killed on the field of battle, many lay like Capt. Snell, of Company D — wonnded to the death; many more, like noble-hearted Smith, the leader of Company H, and others, wounded sorely and crippled for life like Sanborn, while the dark prisons and noisome pens closed around other brave hearts at Anderson vi lie and Libby. "We pause to pay a tribute to those brave comrades, whose lives paid the forfeit of their patriotism on the field of Chickamauga, and we would liken the task to that of the white-haired Covenanter, busied in removing the gathering moss from the gray stones which marked the resting-place of his fallen comi-ades of half a century gone. We would stand itncovered in the presence of their precious memories and renew with our chisel the defaced inscriptions and repair the emblems of death with which their monuments are adorned. ■ Wh}- seek we wilh unwearied toil Through death'.s dim walks to urge our way, Reclaim his long asserted spoil And lead oblivion into day." It is because we owe it as a debt of justice to pay this honor to those who have de- voted their lives to their counti-y, and because we love to dwell upon the virtues and patriot- ism of these, our fallen comrades. Of them, how just to say : " Types of a race who shall the invader scorn, As rocks resist the billows round their shore; Types of a race who shall to time unborn, Their country leave unconquered as of yore." We turn from the contemplation of their deaths, our sadness assuaged by the thought that in the great hereafter much will be carried to the credit of men who have laid down their lives in defense of liberty and their fellow-man. The campaign against Atlanta which now followed, saw the Twenty-second in active and heroic service, till 'Sherman's march to the sea ' practically closed the war. The struggle lasted a few months after that great march, and the spring of 1865 saw the fall of the gi-eat strongholds of the enemy, the captm'e and dispersion of his armies and the inglorious and final collapse of the great rebellion. With the fall of Richmond and the captm'e of Lee's army, the war was over and we realized the words of the old song, ' For Johnny came marching home again.' At Detroit, on the 29th of June, 18(55, the regi- ment was mustered out of the service and disbanded. As a military organization, it ceased to exist. Its scarred and sacred colors were folded away among the proudest ban- ners of the State, where they yet remain, the silent but eloquent witnesses of patriot- ism, with the record emblazoned on their folds that tells the story of Chickamauga, of Rossville and Atlanta. SOLtilEBS' RECOBD. George L. Bacon, died at Lexington. Ky., December 4, 1862. Michael Woolven. died at Lexington, Ky., November 28, 1862. William H. Crandall, died at Lexington, Ky., December 12, 1862. rF^ Ll^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Louis Pulcher. died at Lexington, Ky., December 24, 1862. William A. Senter, killed at Chattanooga October 14, 1868. Joseph Swork, killed at Chattanooga Octobei- 14, 1863. George H. Canfield, killed at Chickamauga September 20, 1863. Ellery S. Eggleston, died at Lexington Ky., January 9, 1863. William Ogden, died at Lexington, Ky. , March 3. 1863. Addison B. Rice, died at Lexington, Ky., March 10, 1863. George R. Adams, died at Lexington. Ky.. March 14, 1863. Robert K. Hulsarts, died at Lexington, Ky., April 23, 1863. Frank R. Smith, died at Nashville May 25, 1863. Watson Norton, died at Nashville June 20, 1863. Wilbiu- H. Fairchild, died at Lexington January 5, 1863. Paul Rattell, died at Lexington January 23, 1863. George S. Harris, died at Lexington January 16, 1863. John Hartz. died at Lexington March 4, 1863. C. W. Ballard, died at Lexington March 24, 1863. WilliHm H. Waldron, died at Nashville May 9, 1863. George N. Saddler, killed at Nashville February 7, 1864. Timothy German, killed September 24. 1863. James Meyers, killed at Chattanooga November 19, 1863. Charles W. H. Voss, killed at Chattanooga October 4, 1863. Fred Hintz, killed at Chattanooga October 29. 1863. Zara Parker, killed at Chattanooga September 20, 1863. George Thompson, killed at Chickamauga September 20, 1863. Henry Butzler, killed at Chickamauga September 20, 1863. Hugli Mcllvaine. died July 20, 1864. Lewis M. Yerkes, died at Nashville August 31, 1863. Milan M. Drake, died at Chattanooga April 21, 1864. George B. Drake, died on the cars August 21. 1864. A. B. Abernathy. died near Atlanta September 24, 1864. Charles Mosher, died at Bridgeport November 22. 1865. James H. Pool, died at Danville, Va., January 6, 1864. Josiah German, died at Danville, Va., January 3, 1864. Elisha Chamberlain, died at Danville, Va., Febi-uary 14, 1864. Clarkston Harvey, died at Danville, Va., January 18j 1864. Robert Sudden, died at Chattanooga April 28, 1864. Rnfus A. Snook, died at Chattanooga May 11, 1864. Charles Wrightman, died at Chattanooga June 16, 1864. Louis Alband, died at Chattanooga. Francis Dedire. died at Danville, Va., June 16, 1864. W. Shaper. died at Andersonville June 14. 1864. ■^ rpv HISTORY OF MACOMB C0U:NTY Calvin Metz, killed at Chickamauga September 20, 1863. Theo F. Van Vliet, died in rebel prison September 18, 1864. Thomas Moreland, died at Chattanooga September 17, 1864. Joseph C. Norton, died at Chattanooga May 28. 1865. David C. Barr, died at Chattanooga April 24, 1864. Ernest Ai'ndt, died at Chattanooga April 24, 1865. Edward E. Ewolt, died in Jackson, Mich. , March 4, 1864. Lviuim Gillett, died in Andersonville September 28, 1864. James G. Jackson, died in Andersonville July 29, 1864. Francis Robinson, died in Andersonville September 2, 1864. Charles W. Scribner, died in Indianapolis February 28, 1865. Fred Schimer, died in Andersonville August 30, 1864. William Fritscho. died in Andersonville September 15, 1864. Charles Biu'khart, died in Ajidersonville August 15, 1864. Theodore Fisher, died in Andersonville July 20, 1864. Francis Mueller, died in Andersonville September 1, 1864. Gotlob Schaufler, died in Andersonville June 20, 1864. George Walker, died in Andersonville September 5, 1864. Charles S. Jonas, died in Chattanooga April 1, 1865. James Strong. Discharged or Transferred — Herman Birch, Peter Rumph. Antoine Peltier, James H. Stanley, Nathan Soper, W. H. Williams, Alfred B. Adams, Joshua Deal, George W. Wid- rig, Benjamin Albund, Anthony Bodie, Henry Chapaton, William Grebe, William Rott- man, William Morrison, Charles Hartgan, Julius Mandell, Fred Stienback, C. More, John Hazely, Peter Monier, W. H. Harwood, B. Mack Miller, Lyman H. Tewsbury, Edward E. Ewalt. Leauder A. Cotton, William H. Sutphin, Oren Vanderwort, Lewis Kuhne, Augus- tus Mandell, Lorin G. Norton, William M. Smith, Maj. D. Gorton, David B. Leroy, Oliver Yax, Thomas P. Blasdell, Charles Lang, Charles Forton, Silas E. Halsey, Theodore Van Fliet, John A. Fisher, Nelson B. Miller, Norbert Generous, Mortimer Hunter, James Myers, Timothy German, Elisha P. Chamberlain, William Caldwell, Josiah German, Ly- man Gillett, Austin Gaines, Florence Hunter, Clarkson Harvey, James Jackson, Calvin Metty, James Pool, Francis Robinson, Zara Pai'k«r, Ernest Stiger, Dositee Chortier, Will- iam Fritche, Chai'les Bm-kheart, Henry Butzler, Francis Dictere, William Dubay, Theodore Fisher, Fred Hintz, Aug Necker, Gottlob Peter, Gottlob Shatter, Fred Schriner, Ckris- tian Spawn, Silas Teats, George Thompson, George Walker, William H, Voss, Fortescue Wail, John B. Waltz, Francis Miller, Henry M. Smith, Marcus L. King, J. D. Merchant, Edward Thompson, Hem-y Parish, John H. McLeod, Salmo Lesperance, James Moore, Patrick Spellman, L. J. Comf)ton, William Newben-y, George W. Guiles, Albert Weso- lowski, Roswell Petcher, George Hart, Socrates Addis, James R. Briggs, John W. Beat, Hugh Smith, Guy M. Young, William R. Lockwood, Peter Thire, Vivius S. Wood, Jona- than Widi-ig, Edward D. Bliss, George W. Griffith, Joseph C. Stark, R. L. Mott, D. S. r -i^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Mott, Francis O. Crocker, John C. Reaves, John Walker, James McBride. Edwin L. Howe, Thomas F. King. Edwin Than-att, Royal A. Young, Antoine Ducklow. Louis Guy- ette, John Guyette. Moses Mai-tell. Joseph Peltier, Petre Peltier, Napoleon Papen, Lorenzo E. Sergeant, George W. Wixon, Martin Allor, Chai-les Hogle. I. Smith, Leander A. Cot- ton, Oren Vandei-wort, Ciilbert P. Noble, William F. Hollister, Daniel W. Lewis, Oliver Ruby, Joshua Conklin, Isaac M. Whitney, William S. Church, Stephen B. Wawen, Jesse Grover, Joseph Inman, James M. Widrig, John Norton. Windsor Norton, Andi-ew HaiTi- son, David B. Leroy, Henry Bates, Frank Betwice, John D. Chiu'ch, Levi M. Withey, Isaac Smith, John H. McCracken, William S. McCracken, Samuel M. Leggett, Reuben Mitchell, George Youngblood, George W. Widrig, William Sheperd, Edward Payne, Charles R. Clements, Augustus Finnest, William Rose, Vincent Layland. John Moore, Leander Rose, Cyrus HaiTis, C. F. Wattensperger, Jacob Schrambling, Alanson A. Aus- tin, William Smith, Byron Rosecrans, Reuben A. Howe. Ii'a P. Jersey. Robert Kii-k- ham, George Jersey, John Stone, John J. Snook, Stewart Gorton, Ellery C. Cannon, Louis Bonchai'd, Alexander Stevens, Heniy M. Smith, Clarence Dixon, Isaac T. Newton, William F. Drake, Isaac C. Cross, John Cp-us Cannon, Levi H. Can- non, John H. Delisle, N. AVasher Hartley, Alonzo Horey, George A. Wright, Crawford Austin, Ed. M. Andrus, Dwight R. Andrus, David B. Andi-ews, Alanson Beardsley, John Bird. Greorge G. Bui-d, Isaiah Briggs. John M. Bm-gett. Gurdon P. Baird, Thomas R. Crawford, Henry D. Coykendall. Hamion L. Cm-tiss, George H. Cannon, James S. Covell, George W. Davidson, George D. Frost, W. H. Fitzpatrick, James B. Fry, Orlan W. Green, William Hall, Sylvester P. Harvey, William H. Johnson. William L. Lee. George W. Lockwood, William Mclntyre. Hem-y O. Mon-ison, B. Mack Miller, Robert D. Owen, Frank Phillips, Roys S. Pearsol. Frederick A. Roth. Nathan Rowley, John Storey, R. C. Schreeves, Reuben T. St. John, Myron St. John, Erastus H. Lipperly, George W. Torrey, William J. Wellstead, Reuben Warrener, George Ai-nold, George Babcock, Amander Ruby. I. K. W. Windt, Orrin Green, Henry Huderbray. John Dusser, Adolph Eckhai-t, Emanuel Mandell, Andrew Ross. Norbert Generous, Nelson B. Mi lie)', Orlando Devereaux, Lyman H. Tewkesbusy, W. W. Collins. S. H. Ballai-d. Aug E. Bacon, Jerome Foote, My- ron Bates, Anthony Beach, Anable Beson. Samuel Beacham, Aden Card, William Cald- well. W. A. Fraligh, Eugene Geddings, John M. Gilbert, John Henry, George Butzler. William Dubay, Horace Miers. Ed M. Monroe, Geo.-ge E. Newberry, William H. Sutphin, John M. Thompson, Daniel Sutherland. Ira Kniffin. Elijah Howard. William H. MoitIs. Austin M. Rowley. Sanford A. Rowley, James E. Monroe. Joseph Inman. Ernst Steiger, Chari"ter Dositer. Louis Kuehne, James Walker. Ernest Alband, Philip Ballard, Thomas Ballard, Joseph Barnie. John Buetel, Charles Hintz, Joseph La Cirafl'. Louis Letourneau, Francis Letourneau. Aug Mandell. "V\'illiam Mar HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. Oliver H. Palmer, died at Camp Butler December 2, 1863. John J. Bittmau, died at Andersonville October 24, 1864. Peter Fiirtou, died at Fort Halleck September 13, 1865. Jay Gai-viu, missing at Trevillian June 11, 1864. Kicbard Solan, missing at Trevillian June 11, 1864. A. Thomas, missing at Trevillian June 11, 1864. August H. Miller, missing at Gettysburg July 3, 1863. George M. Clark, missing at Trevillian June li, 1864. Lawrence Doan, missing at Trevillian -June 1 1, 1864. Fred Schramm, transferred to Illinois Cavalry, 1865. Discharged — Richard Cramer, Nathan B. Cleromer, Erastus E. Barrett, Feb Lapparl, Volney Peters. Calvin Sylvester, David Tucker, John Bobzine, Nathan Gilbert, Wilbert Brown, William A. Bai'rett, James Cui'l, Edward E. Clark, Elon C. Coles, John De Witt, Elijah Farrar, Isaac Labanty, James Lynch, John McCafTerty, Thomas Wartman, Jacob H. Hosmer, Lemuel L. Harner, A\'illiam R. Spencer, Theo S. Biu'ke, Fred Beemer, Hemy J. Clark, William Robinson, Edward Odione, Edwin D. Traver, George Woolven, Edward Hasen, John M. Doubay, James BrowTi, Edward Harris, James Noonan, Ernest Stein, John H. Wilkinson. Augustus Fennell, Michael Halman, Charles Hustgam, Ignatius Lu- tenbacker, Robert Robinson, Isaac Williams, John O'Neil, John F. Seelys, George Bui'ke, Burton H. Chapman, David W. Collis, Benjamin Ayer, Hem-y Bolensen, Latham Beach, Lyman C. Jalpin, Joseph Hartle, Robert Lee, Elias Robertson, Alonzo C. Wait, Alex Bevins. David Grant, Gelbert Preston, George B. Sanford. SECOND MICHIGAN CAVALRY. The Second Michigan Cavalry was organized under Col. F. W. Kellogg, at Grand Rapids, and left for St. Louis November 14, 1861, with a force of 1,163 officers and men. In December and January, it participated in the raid, under Gen. Carter, into East Ten- nessee, severing the rebel communications and destroying his stores. During this duty, which occupied twenty-two days, the command was engaged in several severe skirmishes. Dm-ing February and March, 1862, it was stationed at Murfreesboro and Franklin. On February, it was engaged on the 18th, near Milton; on the 19th, at Cainsville, and. on the 27th, near Spring Hill. On the 4th and 5th of March, it engaged the rebels on the Columbia pike road, in which affair it lost one killed, foiu- wounded and one prisoner. From the 8th to the 12th, it participated in movements which resulted in driving the rebel force across the Duck River. It encountered the rebels, under Stearns and Forrest, March 25, inflicting on them severe losses, and taking fifty-two prisoners, with commissary wagons, etc., etc. Again, between Franklin and Triune, June 4, it lost two killed and three wounded. On the 23d, it was engaged at Rover; the succeeding day, pm-sued the enemy thi-ough Middletown, and, on the 27th, charged the rebels into Shelby ville; July 2 and 3, it assisted in di-iving the rebels out of the Elk River position and through Cowan. During the fall, it pai'ticipated in the Georgia military enterprises. ■^ i. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. From Danbridge, December 24, 1863, to the Alabama battles, in October, 1865, it won many bonori5. During December. 1864, this regiment participated in the battles round Nashville, Pulaski, Richland Creek and Sugar Creek. In 1865, it was engaged at Price- ton Yard, Corinth, Tuscaloosa. Triune. Bridgeville and Talladega. After a magnificent sei'vice, the command reported at Jackson, and was discharged August 26, 1865. ■SULIllEKs' lllii;(IHI>. John Clark, died at Farmington February 26, 1862. Oscar Smith, died at Rienzi August 4. 1862. Henry C. Rice, discharged March 10, 1862. Jacob Hieppell. discharged October 1, 1862. Charles Bittner, discharged October 31, 1862. John Johnson, killed on Sultana April 27. 1865. Robert -Johnson, died at St. Louis in December. George Bentley. drowned in West Harpeth River May 15, 1863. A. Lewis, died at Livingston. Mich.. 18t)3. Discharged — William Thomas. Hem-y Howard. Reuben Page, James Mason, Fred Hartmann, Benjamin C. Gamble. George St. Johns, Joshua Ferry. Henry Koth, Charles J. Stephens, William H. Scott. L'win W. Benson, Charles Clark, Hemy A. Clark, Jerome B. Harvey, Henry J. Holstein. Edgar Johnson. William G. Kingscott. James McCaffery, F. C. McCoy. Heni-y S. Schuster. George W. Tripp. George Wentworth. Washington Ames, J. M. H. Finch, Jerome McWithey. James McCaffery, Charles Clark, Benjamin C. Gamble, Jerome B. Harvey, Henry I. Holstein, Edgar Johnson. F. C. McCoy. Alvis Rasch, Charles Burns, Henry Sinister. William Thomas, Stephen Curran. Edward Wilkins. THIRD MICHIGAN CAVAiRY. This regiment was organized at Grand Rapids, and left for the front, under Col. J. K. Mizner, November 28, 1861, with 1,163 rank and tile. It entered upon full service at New Mach'id, Mai'ch 13, 1862, and concluded its th'st and brilliant series of work at Coffee- ville December 5, 1862. During the first twelve months its losses were seven killed, forty- five wounded. 104 died of disease and fifty-nine were made prisoners. In 1863. the com- mand was prominent in almost every well- foiight field in Northern Mississippi and Western Tennessee. In the affair at Grenada, the Third Cavalry was in the advance, and gained po.s.session of the town after a sharp engagement. It destroyed at that point over sixty locomotives and 400 freight and passenger curs. The command aided largely in driving the noted rebels Dawson. Richardson and Cushman from Western Tennessee, together with the numerous bands of guerrillas infesting that district. From November 1, 1862, to the close of the war, the Third Regiment captm-ed 1.100 privates and fifty officers and marched 10,800 miles. August 1, 1864. it was organized as a veteran regiment, and. during the succeeding twelve months, lost eleven men killed and 115 who died of disease. It formed Maj. Gen. Canby's escort at the surrender of Gen. Taylor, and was subsequently attached to Sheridan's army until mustered oiit, February 16, 1866. t) i^ ^r 1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. SOLDIRBS RECOBP. Aaron G. Park, died at Corinth Jnne 4, 1862. Philip E. Kelly, died at Corinth January '28, 1862. Discharged — William A. Sheldon, William H. Ormsbee, James H. Hoffman, Fred La Force, Paul Beach, Philip Ouillett. D. R. Orteal, Ormall Brown, Virgil Champagne, Wel- lington Postal. Ben Van Dam. FOURTH MICHIGAN CAV.\LRY. Thi.s regiment was organized at Detroit July 21, 1862, under Col. R. H. G. Minty, with 1,233 men and officers fully equipped. The command left for Louisville September 26, 1862, and entered at once upon that brilliant service which may be said to end with its capture of Jeff Davis. It participated in eight general engagements and over a hun- dred skirmishes during the wai'. The command was mustered out at Nashville July 1, and discharged at Detroit July 10, 1865. S(JI.D1ERS' KECllRll. Discharged — Angus McDonald, William Hamilton, John RevTiolds, George Med- daugh. Sam St. John, Joseph Stead, Wakeman L. Grant, Leslie M. Miller, George Spen- cer, Albert Ra\Tnond, Denis Twohey, Fred Devenstien, Francis Elliott, Heniy C. Ken yon, Edward Lowman, Joseph Lee, John Nelson, Manuel Brazen. FIFTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY. This command was organized under Col. J. T. Copeland, in August, 1862, and left for Washington December, 4. A battery of light artillery was raised in connection with this command. Dm-ing the tirst months of its service, it was attached to the Army of the Potomac. Toward the close of 1864, it belonged to the Michigan Cavalry Brigade, then operating against Gen. Early, under Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. On November 12, 1864, it advanced to Newtown and engaged a brigade of rebel cavalry, which it drove tlu-ough that town, when the enemy being re-enforced, the regiment was forced back, losing one killed and three wounded; advancing again in the evening, it charged the enemy's breast- works, and, after a sharp tight, the regiment was repulsed, with a loss of two killed and foiu' wounded, when it returned to camp, where it was employed on the usual camp and picket duties, until February 27, 1865, when it broke camp and moved with the cavalry corps, toward Stanton, Va., being the commencement of Gen. Sheridan's celebrated raid to the James River. On the 8th of March, the regiment became engaged with a portion of Rosser's C!avalry, near Louisa Court House, assisted in routing the rebel force, and capt- lu'ing the town, in which was destroyed a large amo\int of property; the railroad depot, with rolling stock and telegi'aph office, were also destroyed. The regiment also piu'ticipated in tearing up the track and burning the railroad property along the line of the Lynchburg & Gordonsviile Railroad, and in destroying and rendering useless the locks, aqueducts and mills on the line of the James River Canal The command reached White House.Landing on the 19th of March, and soon after, with the cavalry corps, joined the Army of the Po- tomac and proceeded to the left of the line. On the 30tli of March, the regiment became ^ 'lA HISTORY OF MACOMB COINTT. engaged with the rebel cavalry, and assisted in driving them within their works at Fivi> Forks. The 31st of March and 1st of April, it was engaged with • the enemy at Five Forks, and, on the 2d, at the South Side Railroad; on the -Ith, at Duck Pond Mills; on the 6th, at the battle of the Ridges, or Sailor's Creek, and on the 8th and Uth, at Appo- mattox Court House. After the sun'ender of Lee, the regiment moved with tlie cavalry corps, to Petersburg. Va., where it remained for a short time and then went with the army into North Carolina; thence, it marched to Washington, D. C. , and participated in the review of the Army of the Potomac, on the 23d of May, and iuuuediately thereafter, with the Michigan Cavalry Brigade, was ordered West, and proceeded by the Balti- more & Ohio Railroad, and the Ohio and Mississippi Rivera, by steamer to St. Louis, and thence by steamer by the Missouri River, to Fort Leavenworth, where the men of the regiment, having two years or more to sei^ve, were transferred to the First and Seventh Michigan Cavalry, and, on the 22d of Jmie, the organization was mustered out of service, and immediately thereafter proceeded to Michigan. An-iving at Detroit July 1, it was paid off and disbanded. Its I'ecord of battles and skirmishes is as follows: 1863 — Hanover, Va., June 30; Hunterstown, Penn., July 2; Gettysburg, Penn., July 3; Monterey, Md., July 4; Cavetown, Md., July 5; Smithtown, Md., July 6; Boons- boro, Md., July 6; Hagerstown, Md., July 6; Williamsport, Md.. July 6; Boousboro, Md., JulyS; Hagerstown, Md., July 10; Williamsport, Md., July 10; Falling Waters, Md., July 14; Snicker's Gap, Va., July lU; Kelly's Ford, Va., September 13; Culpep- er Com-t House, Va. , September 14; Raccoon Ford, Va. , September 16; White's Ford, Va., Septeml)er 21; Jack's Shop, Va., Sejatember 26; James City, Va., October 12; Brandy Station, Va.. October 13; Buckland's Mills, Va.. October 19; Stevensbiu-g. Va., Novem- ber 11»; Morton's Ford, Va. . November 26. 1864 — Richmond, Va. , March 1; Wilderness, Va., May 6 and 7; Beaver Dam Station, Va., May 9; Yellow Tavern, Va., May 10 and 11; Meadow Bridge, Va., May 12; Milford, Va., May 27; Hawes' Shop. Va. . May 28; Baltimore Cross Roads, Va.. May 29; Cold Harbor, Va., May 30, June 1; Trevillian Station, Va., June 11 and 12; Cold Harbor. Va.. July 21; Winchester, Va. , August 11; Front Royal. Va.. August 16; Leetown, Va., Au- gust 25; Shepherdstown, Va.. August 25; Smithlield, Va., August 29; Berrj'ville, Va., September 3; Summit, Va. , September 4, Opequon, Va., September 19; AVinchester, Va. , September 19; Lm-ay, Va. , September 24; Port Republic, Va. , July 26, 27 and 28; Mount Crawford, Va. , October 2; Woodstock, Va. , October 9; Cedar Creek, Va. , October 19; Newton, Va. , November 12; Madison Court House, Va., December 24. 1865 — Louisa Court House. Va. , March 18; Five Forks. Va,, March 30, 31 and April 1; South Side Railroad, Va., April 2; Duck Pond Mills, Va., April 4; Ridges, or Sailor's CVeek. Va. , April 6; Appomattox Court House, Va. , April 8 and 9. Andrew T. Jackson, fell at Brandy Station October 12, 1863. George Hitchiler. fell at Gettysburg July 6, 1863. nr^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 419 Philip H. Hill, fell at Gettysburg July 3, 1S68. Dwight Smith, died at Fairfax Court House February 27, 1863. Robert F. Sackett, died at Washington February 17, 1863. Heniy Bisliee, died at Marton's Ford November 27, 1863. John North, died at Marton's Ford March 28, 1863. Gan-ison North, died at Marton's Ford April 9, 1863. Dudley Whitlock, died at Marton's Ford April 15. 1863. Eben K. Wells, died at Marton's Ford May 4, 1863. Stephen North, died at Fairfax Court House May 23, 1863. Leonard Defenbeck, died at Fairfax Court House May 28, 1863. Ezra A. Wood, missing at Gettysburg July 3. 1863. Patrick Weldon. missing at Emmettsburg July 4, 1863. John Fulton, missing at Robinson's River September 17, 1863. Abel Haines, missing at Warrenton Junction August 8, 1863. Tompkins Abbey, discharged January 23, 1863. William Rogers, discharged November 14, 1863. Andrew Abbey, discharged December 3, 1862. Ephraim Roberts, fell at Middletown October It), 1864. Ezra A. Wood, died at Washington February 7, 1864. E. Van Berger, missing at Trevillian June 11, 1864. O. C Wood, missing at Trevillian June 11, 1864. John Dixon, missing at Trevillian June 11, 1864. L. Spencer, died in Libby Prison. 1864. B. F. Giles, died in Libby Prison. 1864. Roswell Burlsee, missing at Falmouth August 29, 18()4. Newton ^Vymon, missing May 1, 1864. Ezekiel Morris, missing May 1, 1864. Hiram Winas, missing May 1, 1864. William O. Martin, missing at Middletown August 15, 1864. John R. Butterlield, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps January 15, 1864. Judson A. Barber, transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps March 15, 1864. William Femer. discharged July 6, 1864. Fred Eryell, discharged December 4, 1862 Charles A. Gilbert, discharged February 13, 1863. Charles A. Ballard. August 25, 1864. Amos Finch, July 25, 1865. John A. Huif, died of wounds Janiiary 23, 1N65. William Blodgett, died at Baltimore December 3, 1865. William V. Stewart, died at Andersonville September 21, 1S65. Rosswell Bugbee, died at Andersonville December 12, 1863. Elijah Bates, died at Andersonville July 10, 1864. l\^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Horace CLapman, died at Andersonville May 24, 1864. William A. Denton, died at Andersonville May 23, 1864. Ii-a A Parks, died at Andersonville April 27, 1804. "William O. Martin, died at "Washington April 27, 1865. Discharged and transferred — James H. Sands, Austin Mattingly, Robert A. Hamilton. Frederick Beemer, Reuben W. Page. Theodore E. Biu-ke. Hem-y J. Clarke, JohnD. Fralegh. Milton Landgridge, Walter L. Cullen, John Cxager. AVilliam L. Guiles, Nathan Gilbert, John A. Bedell, Dighton Voorhies. Ephraim Vanburger, Isaac Crawford, James J. Boyd, Ashley A. Bi'own, George H. Buzzell, John Dixon, Isaac W. Jones, Walter Jones, Joseph Kimball, John Laughlin, William McCauley, John M. Overton, John F. Reid, Isaac Robinson, Theophilus Syan,[Oscarj C. Wood, Collotion AVatkins, Orrin Guiles, G. W. Chapman, Oscar Cook. William O'Connor, John L. Dillon, John Simpkins, Charles DowTuan. Hiram Winas, Abel Haines. George H. Wilson, Ezekiel Morse. Elias North, Norman Smith, Heze- kiah Smith, Sylvester A. Stone, Jeremiah Weatherwax, Lyman ^Villiams, Leonard W'oods. SIXTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY. The Sixth Michigan Cavalry was organized at Grand Rapids by F. \V. Kellogg, under Col. George Gray, and proceeded to Washington December 10, 1862. During the year 1863, this command gained distinction with the Army of the Potomac, losing thirty- six killed, seventy-live prisoners, sixty-five missing and forty-live who died of disease. In Februaiy, 1864, it advanced against the rebel Kilj^atilck, and served as Gen. Sheridan's escort in the ride after Mosby's Gurrillas. The Sixth served in the same actions as the Fifth, beginning at Hanover, Va., June 30, 1868, and closing at Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865. It was mustered out at Leavenworth, Kan., November 24, 1865, and dis- charged at Jackson, November 30, 1865. John Lemon, discharged July 7, 1865, is the only soldier fi-om Macomli reported in the ranks of the command. SE%T:NTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY. This regiment entered the field diuing the year 1863, two battalions leaving Grand Rapids for Washington February 20 and other companies joining in May. This regiment was in the field before either the Fifth or Sixth Cavalry, and remained in service for some time after the discharge of the latter regiments. The command was mustered out at Fort Leav- enworth, Kan., and anlved at -Jackson December 20, 1865, receiving its dischai-ge Decem- ber 25, 1865. The soldiers were compelled to pay $25 railroad fare home, but this money was allowed them subsequently. Of the Macomb solUers serving with the Seventh, the names of William Moore, discharged August 29. 1863, and William L. Guiles, discharged August 11, 1865, are the only ones appeai'ing in the reports. EIGHTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY. This regiment was organized at Mount Clemens, under Col. John Stockton, in 1862 and 1863, and mustered into the service of the Union May 2, 1863, forming a command -e^'y HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. of 1,117 men and officers. The command left for the front in detachments, eight squad- rons being sent forward to Kentucky May 12, 1808, under Lieut. Gol. Warner. The officers furnished by Macomb County to this regiment were: Col. John Stockton, Lieut. Col Henxy C. Edgerly; Siu-geon, John B. K. Mignault; Charles G. Robertson, Hiram M. Suell, Edward Fisbpool, John S. Smith, Benjamin Treat, Adolphus C. Stock- ton, Arthm- Eastman, John AV. Bennett, Andrew J. Abbey, John M. Crawford, Almirou P. Armstrong, William C. Stockton, Charles C. Lamb, Aaron L. Abbey, all noticed in the section of this chapter devoted to officers commissioned from Macomb County. To do justice to this command would require a volume in itself; therefore, it will only be necessary here to note the several engagements in which''it took a very prominent part : 1863 — Triplet Bridge, Ky., June 19; Lebanon, July 5; Lawi'enceburg, July 9; Sal- viea, Jvily 10; Biiffington's Island, Ohio, July 19; Winchester, Ky. , July 25; Salineville, Ohio, July 2(5; Lancaster, Ky. , July 30; Stanford, Ky. , July 31; Kiagston, Tenn., Sep- tember 1; Cleveland, Tenn, September 18; Calhoun, Tenn., September 26; Athens, Sep- tember 27: Loudon, September 29; Philadelphia, October 23; Sweet Water, October 26; Lenoir Station, November 12; Cambells, November 16; Knoxville, November 13; Rut- ledge, December 10; Ream's Station, December 14; New Market, December 25. 1864 — Mossey Creek, Tenn., January 10; Dandridge, January 17; Fair Garden, January 24; Sevierville, January 27; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., July 1; Sweet Water, July 3; Chattahoochie, July 4; Moore's Ridge, July 12; Covington, July 28; Macon, July 30; Sunshine Church, July 31; Eatonton, August 1: Mtilberry Creek, August 3; Heiu-yville, Tenn., November 23; Mount Pleasant, November 24; Duck River, Novem- ber 24; Nashville, December 14 to 22. The regiment lost during its term of service no less than 321 men and officers, of which number twenty-three private soldiers and one officer were killed in action; seven soldiers died of wounds received in action, and 288 private soldiers and two officers died from diseases caught and fostered in the field. The command was mustered out of service at Nashville, in September, 1865. and, on the 28th of that month, was discharged at Jackson. The 513 men transferred from the Eleventh Michigan Cavalry, July 20, 1865, were discharged with the members of the original Eighth. .SOLDIKBs' RECORD. Henry Harvey, died at Hickman Bridge September 24, 1863. Edson P. Flint, died at Hickman Bridge September 24, 1863. Luther H. Lyon, discharged April 1, 1863. Almon S. Carpenter, Austin Griffin, minors, discharged April 1, 1863. Solomon Cooley, discharged, 1863. Robert C. Grayson, discharged Murch 19, 1863. Benejah Maynard, discharged September 16, 1863. Charles G. Morse, discharged September 20, 1863. ^ ,•^1" — »- .. -^ — "y^t 422 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Daniel Lee. discharged May 17. 1863. George N. Watson, discharged May 6. 1863. William Myers, fell at Knoxville Jiine 26, 1864. Alonzo Maynard. fell at Knoxville Jime 20, 1864. Leon Matt, died at Camp Nelson October 7. 1863. Major E. Bartlett. died at Camp Nelson March 6, 1864. Fred De Camp, died at Mount Sterling March 20, 1864. Charles Latimer, was killed by accident at Westport. Ky., July 12. 1863. Timothy Clark, died in hospital Junuary 15, 1864. Simeon Parkea. died at Camp Nelson December, 1863. Reulwn Hamlin, died at Knoxville August 15, 1864. James Smith, died at Mount Sterling March 15, 1864. Truman Sperry. missing at Macon, Ga., August 3, 1864. Samuel Chapman, missing at Knoxville, Tenn., November 18, 1864. Egrew Albertsou, missing at Kaosville, Tenu., November 18,*1864. Alvin Fuller, George Kling. William Stroup, Forest Stock, Elliott Bacon, Edward Shanley, missing in raid on Macon August 3, 1864, Richard L. Ford, missing at Richmond November 25, 1863, Thomas Bleekman, missing at Richmond. James Stevenson, missing at Annajjolis April 2, 1864. Leander Sprague, missing at Richmond February 12, 1864. Jacob A. Hunt, missing at Cleveland, Tenn., September 18, 1863. Benjamin S. Worts, missing on Stoneman's raid August, 1864. Alvin D. Fuller, killed at Sunshine Church July 31, 1864. Frank M. Campbell, died at Knoxville March 3, 1864. AVilliam Stroup, died at Annapolis Mai-ch 11, 1865. Elliott Bacon, died at Camp Chase April 7, 1865. _ Agnew Alberton, died at Richmond January 10, 1864. Gardner Briggs, died at Richmond February 6, 1864. Forest Stock, died at Florence January 24, 1865. Lewis D. Whitney, died in rebel prison January 26, 1865. William Wilson, died at Mount Clemens, 1863. Byron Wilson, died January 20. 1864. Daniel C. Chase, died October 29. 1 864. Seth Chase, died October 2, 1864. James Watson, died 1864. Allen M. Frost, A. D. Stuset, Nelson Smith, Norris Lewis, Lorenzo Lutenbacker, Lo- renzo Schoonover, Lewis D. Whitney, Webster Dillrea, R. Waldron, Cory D. Stone. Hem-y Thede. George England, Henry Hardie, Nathan Lewis, John Day, Charles Fertz, died at Richmond November 12, 1864. Antoine Dubay, missing on raid to Macon. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Chai-les F. Ciuillott, died at Knoxville January 23. 1864. Marion Wade, died at Spring Place June 18, 1804. Judson W. Wright, died at Danbridge June 19, 1864. William Serl, Henry C. Green. John Johnson, Ethan E. Trim, missing on raid to Macon August 3, 1864. Discharged or transferred — -John A. Eldred. Loriu Frink, A.bner Porter, Henry Wil- son, Lorin Wade. F. C. Munroe, George H. Nutting. William H. Wells, Charles Van Atter, Chapman Bullis, Samuel Clark. William E. Dillrea, John Mok, Levi B. Robinson. Victor Willey, Moses Yax, Albert Fan-. Stephen B. Rice, Marion Kellogg. L. Bradford. Victor Miller, James S. Smith, Manual J. Peirera. Harmon Prieger, Isaac Newton Willson. Aaron Winchester, Henry Cook, Daniel Hazleton, John Carpenter, Isaac W. Willson, C. Harris, Levi Hoard, James H. Farrand. Hiram W. Cro./.er, James A. Ornisby, Eugene Debbault, Charles C. Hulsart, James Walker, Albert Adams, William Gamber, William C. Lyon, Charles A. Haywood. Henry Wilson, Alexander Snay, Ambrose West, Stephen Bellow, Antoine Dubay, Daniel P. Kitchen, Lawrence Lutenbacker, Joseph Shear, Albert Woolvin, Miles Wait, Rufus Waldron, Henry Thede, Jesse Gray, William May. Norris Lewis, Charles F. Guillott. Charles Fritz. Albert W. Crawford, Warren Cooley, Samviel Cooley, Webster G. Dillrea. Talbot L. Owen, Isaac Buttorfield. Abel H. Bla ir, Martin V. Loucks, David Lanfier, James Marshall. Albert Stout, William Cargill. Nelson Blay. Jo- seph Balloy, Robert Cochrane, Franklin Church. Samuel B. Camj)bell. John Day. Fran- cis Dubay. Sr.. Francis Dubay. Jr.. George W. England, Joseph Fuller, Ljnnan Goodall. Josiah Ct. Hicks, Isaac Hall, Anthony Kirkier. Frank I. Kellogg, George Kling, Henry W. Lathrop, Richard Le Graff, Benjamin Miller. Norman W. Nichols, John W. Prince, Norman B. Phelps, Lorenzo Schoonover, Charles R. AV'oodworth. Milo Warner. James V. Whitney, James L. Horton, Owen Button. J. Homer Fishpool, Aug A. Koths, William C. Brown, William Serl. Theo C Green, Hemy Green, Royal Brown. James Cochran, John Johnson. Samuel Needham, Myron H. Butterfield. James Huntley, Sylvester Widi-ig, James Walton, Jeremiah Whaling. NINTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY. The Ninth Michigan Cavalry was organized. 1862-63. at Coldwater. and, in May, 1863. left the rendezvous* for Kentuckj'. leaving two companies to follow when their ranks would be filled. This regiment sei-ved in fifty-six well-fought battles and skirmishes, losing 181 officers and private soldiers dm-ing its campaign. Its regular service began at Triplett Bridge. Ky., June 24, 1863, and concluded at Morrisville. N. C, April 13, 1865. It was mustered out at Concord, July 21, 1865, and reported at Jackson for discharge July 3t), 1865. There is no record of Macomb vohinteers serving with this command. TENTH MICHIGAN CAVALRY. The Tenth Michigan Cavalry was organized at Grand Rapids, under Col. Thaddeus Foote, of the Sixth Cavalry, and mustered into service November 18. 1863. with 912 men fe* HISTORy OF MACOMB COUNTY. and officers. The regiment left for Kentucky December 1, 1863, and entered upon duty at Burnside Point January 25, 1864, subsequently taking a prominent part in fifty-fom- engagements with the enemy, and ending a term of splendid service at Newton, N. C, April 17, 1865. The command was discharged at Jackson, Mich., November 15, 1865. Gavin Hamilton, discharged November 11, 1865, and Tyler Mason, discharged on the same date, were the only soldiers from Macomb with this command. ELEVENTH MICHIG.A.N CAVALRY. The Eleventh Michigan Cavaliy, was organized under Col. S. B. Brown, in August, 1863, at Kalamazoo, which place it left for Lexington, Ky., December 17, 1863. It was consolidated with the Eighth Michigan Cavalry July 20, 1865, and mustered out with that command at Nashville, Tenn., September 22, 1865. Alfred H. Beens. Alfred Frost and John Snyder were transferred to the Eighth Cav- alry from the Eleventh, and served with that regiment to the close of the war. LIGHT ARTILLERY. The soldiers of Macomb who served with the Michigan Light Artillery were: Charles R. Cory, who died at Nashville, November 23, 1864. Discharged in 1865 — Jotham J. Braferd, William C. Thayer, Russell Kenney, James Wood, Artemus C. Cook, Isaac E. Riggs, Josiah Hulbert. Frank G. Pearsall. George Pal- mer, Moses Thomas and Charles Gamble. With Dygert's Sharpshooters were Owen M. Higgins, Geary Lee, Windsor Norton, Barlow Davis, discharged October 25, 1862; Fred A. Smith, killed at Chancellorsville May 4. 1863; Nelson Carlton, and Isaac N. Owen, discharged February IS, 1863. STANTON GUARDS. Frank Kellogg, the only Macomb man in the command, was mustered out September 25, 1862. IOWA CAVALRY. William H. Carey entered Company A, Iowa Cavalry, January 1, 1864, and served to the close of the war. PROVOST GUARD. The Macomb soldiers were, Calvin Barnes, discharged May 9, 1865, and Andi'ew J. Cutcher, discharged May 9, 1865. SOLDIERS AND SAILORS OF MACOMB AND ST. CLAIR. This organization of veterans maybe numbered among the great military associations of the United States. Its re-unions are characterized by a desire to do honor to the past; to keep the memory of fallen comrades green ; to lay down jjrecedents for the future. The society may be said to date its organization from August 31, 1871, when the members of the Twenty -second Michigan Infantry assembled at Romeo and elected the following offi- cers ; 4V .•^' ^ . w. ^ m >^ ®1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 427 President, Gen. William Sanbom, of Port Huron; First Vice President, Col. H. S. Dean, of Ann Arbor; Second Vice President, Prof. O. D. Thompson, of Lapeer; Secretary, Lieut. E. G. Spaulding, of Port Huron; Treasurer, Capt, G. W. Robertson, of Mt. Clem- ens; Orator, Lieut. Irving D. Hanscom, of Romeo Capt. Edgar Weeks delivered the oration on that occasion. The re-unions of the Twenty-second and Fifth Michigan Infantry, and of the Eighth | Michigan Cavalry, since that time have been held at various places in Macomb, St Clair and Oakland Counties. The following poem, by William H. Clark, was read before the veterans assembled at Mt. Clemens, August 31. 18S1: Why meet we coiurades, here to-day, But rail}', sons of noble sires. Why gather friends; whj- this display? Light up your homes %vith patriot fires, War's rade alarms are past and gone. Wave high, the Starry Banner higli. No more we hear the warlike dnmi. And swear its fealty to stand by. Or fife's shrill ery. Tho' death has sway. Why burnish up our memories here'? Now Wayne, St, Clair and old Macomb, What joys or sorrows are so near, With Oakland, Saginaw and Livingston, That wake to life .scenes of the past. And Shiawassee, all arise. Exciting scenes, dissolving fast The fighting Fifth to organize. In days of fear. And march away. Full twenty years have passed away, In early day, down to the front, The time seems short, aye, but a day. To meet the foe, the battle's brunt. The martyred Lincoln called for men Its record shining mid the storm, Our glorious Union to maintain. We weep to find four hundred gone. The Nation's stay. So brave and true. A Union which our fathers wrought. And the gallant Twenty-Second, too. A land for us so dearly bought. Bravely into the breach it flew. In days when men were sorely tried. On many a hot and bloody ground, Who pledged their all, and nobly died. Nobly fighting, always found. Not all for nought. A good name wins. Columbia's sons, 0 know ye not And next the hardy Eighth comes on, That traitors would with hideous blot, To breast the waves of secession, Disgrace the Flag that patriots made. With stijrdy ranks and hearts so true. Strike out the stars thereon displayed, John Morgan's troops to interview In tearful fray. And gain the day. 0 hear ye not those threat'ning tones. And we surviving comrades now. Now drawing nearer to your homes. With wrinkles gathering on eacli brow, Observe ye not the coming storm, In^ mutual toil, privations met. Now bursting near with loud alarm, The crown of victory there is set, Then why delay. Without display. Sons of Macomb, and broad St. Clair. While mem'ry brings years that have fled. 0 see ye not that fearful glare'? Forget not those now with the dead. Which lighted up Fort Sumter's wall, Who bore with us the strife and heat. The opening strife on Southern soil. On silent camping grounds they sleep. L ^ O do not stay. With arms at rest. 27 ^ . "7 a r 428 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. It is with joy, comrades, this day. That we here meet, in peaceful way. And in each face rotiectinu: bright. Preserved, thougli scarred from war's sat] blijrlit, All hall this day. A Country saved, united land, A Union worthy to command True freedom In its broadest sense, " Liberty and Union " its defense, Hail glorious land. The meeting held at Mt. Clemens in September, 1881, was perhajis the largest and most enthusiastic of all the happy re-unions of Michigan troops. Among the guests were Capt. W. F. Atkinson, Col. Wormer. Col. W. D. Wilkins, Col. Duffield, Col. Pulford and others, of Detroit; Col. Dean, of Ann Arbor; Chaplain Jacokes, of Pontiac; George F. Lewis, and others from home and abroad. Several old battle-flags stood upon the stage, among them the torn banner of the old Fifth. Col. Farrar was President of the Day. Mayor Russell made an address of greeting, in which he cordially welcomed the visitors. He considered that Mt. Clemens was honored by their presence; the homes and hospitali- ties of her people were at their disposal. The Mayor touched upon the pleasuVes of the re-union, principal among such being the renewing of old friendships formed amid the trials of war, the recital of the experiences of camp and lield. Veterans of the Fifth could fight again Fair Oaks and the Wilderness, while the hearts of the Twenty-second would W'arm once more as they told of Chattanooga. Capt. W. F. Atkinson delivered the following oration: " We are again together, not so many as of old, not so young as we were, but with the same true hearts, with the same love for our country, and willing, if necessary, to risk our lives for its preservation. As the good citizens of Mt. Clemens kindly entertain ub, we will renew the friendships of the camp, and march, and battle-field, turn back on memory's golden wings and call up faces long since among the missing; tramp again over the hard stone roads and hills of Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia, and sing once more the good old songs that echoed so sweetly on the Southern air. At times like this, we can forget the bones that ached and the heels that were blistered, and remember the camps in beautiful groves, and the mellow squeak of the Confederate shoat as a bayonet sacrificed him on the altar of liberty. The delicious odor of boiled hen and sweet potatoes comes to me now as sweetly fragrant as the rose, while the flame from the top rail curls gracefully round the camp kettle and soars upward to the clouds, where the spirits of departed foragers whift' it with joy. We will be boys again for a day, and let the world take care of itself. Michigan sent none btit good regiments to the war, and none of them did her more honor than the ones you represent. There is in the hearts of the people a great love for and pride in the fighting Fifth. Its glorious record commenced early in the war, and on evei-y battle-field of Virginia new laurels were won. One by one, sometimes hundreds at a time, brave men fell from its ranks, but always with their faces to the foe. Its flag was ever seen in the thickest of the tight, and was never lowei-ed. Many a brave man's blood was given for that flag, and it is to-day, torn and tattered though it be. one of the fairest jewels in Michigan's crown of glory. ■^S -r- -,^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ■• 'Tattered, torn is the beautiful flair For which our brotliers fought and fell. Tattered, it loolis like a very rag. That flag they loved .so well. •■ ■ But wlien on resurrection morn Gabriel .sounds tlie reveille. In answer to tlie Angel's horn A gallant sight you'll see. " ' For once again the fighting Fifth Their glorious banner high shall lift. And place it where in Heavenly hall 'Twill wave the proudest of Iheni all.' I can see some of the boys smile at the idea of Col. Farrar and Maj. Matthews becoming angels, btit you know heaven's ramparts are to be stormed when taken, and the old regiment will go at them and over them as it did over the rebel breastworks at Gold Harbor, at North Anna, at the Wilderness and at Petersburg, where its Hag was fii-st to wave on the rebel works. On a May day nineteen years ago. the ladies of Mt. Clemens presented to a cavalry regiment then just organized, a silken flag. On its face shone a star for every State. It was the flag of ^^'ashingtoll, of Jackson, of human liberty — the Stars and Stripes; and as the eloquent tongue of your honored citizen, Kobert P. Eldredge, told them to take and [)rotect that banner for the sake of themselves, their homes, and the generations yet to be, every man of the gallant Eighth vowed to shield it with his life, and well they kept that vow. The regiment was baptized in blood before it was out a week. It caj>ttired John Morgan, If swept over Kentucky and Tennessee, carrying death in its path to the rebel foe. The mountains of Georgia heard the clatter of its horses' hoofs. It was with Stone- man at the Chattahootchie and Macon, and it faced Longstreet day by day, when the Union army fell back on Knoxville, It was in thirty nine battles, and the soil of four States has been made holy by the blood of its men. What has become of its beautiful flag I do not know, but the ladies who gave it did not trust in vain. Men of the Eighth Cavalry, you may well feel proud of yotu- old regiment, and I did not wonder wheu I heard that your brave old comrade, Col, Wormer. claims that it is higher honor to be a member of the Eighth than wear the stars of a Major General, Of the Twenty second Michigan, what can I say that will even faintly do justice to that splendid regiment"? Its men are dearer to my heart than those of any other, for I shared with them the many joys and sorrows of a soldier's life. I saw them as, with proud steps and gallant bearing, they filed out of t«he fair-ground at Poutiac. No body of men were ever better calculated for their work, and never in the trying scenes of war did they falter in the line of duty. I saw them day by day, on the march and in the camp, on the skirmish line and m the battle, do honor to their country and their State, They helped to drive the rebels from Kentucky, They marched with Rosecrans through Tennes- see, They forced their way over the mountains of Northern Georgia, and reached Chick amauga to find the Union army on the retreat, badly beaten and demoralized. They were ^1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ordered to the front to stop the onward march of the victorious rebels while the rest of the army formed a new line. You all know the history of their terrible fight. You have he;uxl of the cjallaut charge they made; how. ■ Sioruu'ii al by shot and slu-ll Nobly tlify "fouaht and fell. ' How live times Lougstreet's victorious troops were hurled against them, and live times driven back. You have heard how Col. Sanborn led the regiment in its brilliant charge, and you know that round that tiag fought and fell that day some of Michigan's bravest men, and how at last, its ammunition gone, it was surrounded, and the remnant of that heroic band taken prisoners. You have heard of their sufferings in the prisons of the South, and when you hear of the Twenty-second you may all feel proud, for ■ Sons of Macomb and broad St. Clair And Oakland's rolling fluids w^re tluTo.' and as long as the Union lives, their names will be remembered in honor." Upon conclusion of the speaking, the associations met at their headquarters and held business meetings. The Fifth, of which there were 150 members present, elected officers as follows: President, W. D. Wilkins; First Vice President, E. H. Shook; Second Vice Presi- dent, DeWit Walker; Third Vice President, D. Owen; Secretary, T. J. West; Treasurer, D. P. Ejse; Historian, H. K. Sweet. The Twenty-second, 167 members present, elected the following officers: President, A. M. Keeler; First Vice President, S. C. Mead; Second Vice President, A. P. McCon- nell; Secretary, A. E. Collins; Treasurer, J. J. Snook. The Eighth Cavalry, 90 members, elected: President, J. H. Riggs; First Vice Presi- dent, G. S. Wormer; Second Vice President, A. E. Calkins; Third Vice President, H. C. Wells; Fourth Vice President, W. L. Buck; Treasurer, C. Crowely; Secretary, T. M. Birdsall; Historian, J. M. Lamb; Orator, W. H. Clark; Corresponding Secretary, E. F. Allen. The Macomb an'l St. Clair Association, 200 members present, elected officers as fol- lows: President. William H. Clark; First Vice President, Peter Chiu-chill; Second Vice President, James Smith; Third Vice President, Porter Beebe; Fourth Vice President, William Jonney; Secretary and Treasurer, E. A. Jennings. Among the Presidents of the Macomb and St. Clair Associations, as organized in June, 1877, were Col. Sanborn, Maj. A. M. Keeler, Col. J. S. Farrar, and the present President, William H. Clark, Jr. The association was formed in 1877, by lifty-one sol- diei's of this district, to which number seventy-six have been added. CONCLUSION. In the foregoing pages, the writer has essayed to give a measure of justice to the sol- diers of Macomb. Of those who labored at home, something must also be said. Imme- HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. diately succeediiig the commencement of hostilities, the ladies of the county became thor- oughly imbued with a sense of that duty which they owed to their country. They formed societies of aid to the sick and wounded soldiers of the armies, and so organized them- selves as to be able to render most effective service. The citizens whose days for Held service ended with the close of the tu'st half of the century, acted well their part at home. Their co-operation with the State Military Board resulted in most important aid to the Republic. The history of the times is one which speaks of duty done. The troops of Macomb, attached to the various regiments sent forward from Michigan, were soldiers in the full acceptation of the term. When they are considered, with what pride may their fellow- citizens and relatives look back to the seventh decade of the nineteenth century, when such a number of gallant men went forth to offer themselves upon the altars of patriotism — to preserve the Republic. The most terrible fate thi-eatened the truest federalization upon the earth. A visible enemy from within, aided by unnumbered enemies of liberty from without, entered into a conspiracy to destroy all that which the Revolution acquired for us. The soldiers who eombatted the powers of the conspirators, who beat down every obstacle which the wealth of the slaveholders and their aristocratic allies placed before them, must live forever in the hearts of the people. The soldiers of 1861-65 have, next to those of Lexington and Yorktovro, left names wh-'ch can never die so long as memory lives; they left precedents, illustrious examples, which the present and the future must always observe when the Republic is threatened. Let the people follow in their tracks, and transmit, fi'om generation to generation, a land of illimitable possibilities, a patriotism incorruptible, a government at once strong and just, a set of public principles honorable to the age, that so happiness may reign in every home within tln' Union, and teach the outside world the value of Freedom. — i 5 IIISTOIJV or MACOMH COUNTY CHAPTER XXIII. OI.DKN KN'I'KKl'UlSKs. Thu auciont cities of Miu-oinl) won> soniothing iiiore than papiT villaijos. Thorn was' an carnHstnesH of purposo apparent in every act of thoir buililts. It is just possibles that, had not the panic of 1887 prostrated enterprise, stayed immigration, and plunged (>nterpri8ing men into a lake of ruin, Belvidero, Frederick. Wuisuw, Marcellus, Frankfort, and other villages then proposed to be built up, would (>xist to day. as proud and prosperous as any of the busy centers of our population. ■I'HK CITY OK ma.VIDEHK. This city was a creature of that enterprise which marked the years imniediatc^ly pre- ceding the panic year of 18157. From a description of the location, [)ublished under direc tion of James L. Conger, in August, 18;{(i, it is to 1m> understood that the city was situate about twenty live miles a\)ove Doti'oit, at the mouth of the Clinton lliver, being directly on the (jrcat ami only route of iruicr conniiiinic(itio)i with the upper lake region and whole Western country. The advc^rtisemeut stated further that "the location is, beyond all (puw- tiou, one of the most healthy in IMichigan: and the surrounding country is well timbered with th(< finest oak, ma|>le, bhick wahiut, whitewood, and other trees, to be found in America. In f(>rtility, richness and de|)th. the soil is not surpassed by any other iu the Western Stales. Along the margins of St. Clair and the various rivers, this country has been setthul and W(^I1 improved for from thirty to sixty years, and exhibits some of th(> linest farms in the world. And within th(> last two or three years, n flood of emigrants from New York and the Eastern States, possessing both euterpi'ise and wealth, liave [HU'- chased and s(>ttled ujion netu'ly a'l the lands in this section of country. A railroad com- pany, with banking ju'ivileges. has been rec(>ntly chartered by the Legislature of Michigan to constru(;t a railroad from Saginaw to Cliukm Kiver; and anotlier railroad is in conteni- [)lation to connect I'outiao. Utica and other villages west, with Belvidere. Clinton Kiver. at th(< mouth of which this i)lace is located, is one of the finest rivers that .empty into tlie Western lake'?, being wider and dei^per than the Cuyahoga River at Cleveland, Ohio, and its waters being beautifully clear, pure and limpid in this i-espect, like the waters of Lake St. Clair, Huron, etc. This river is navigable to a considerable distance into the interior for vessels of any size, after passing th(< bar at the mouth, which has now about six and one-half fi'ot of water. At the last session of ("ongress. an api)ro[)riation of !?-"), 000 was made to lemove the bar at the mouth of this river, and no doubt is entertained of obtaining, at the HISTOIty OI'" MACOMH COLTNTy. ^ (» ii«xt HOHHiijii of tliJit boily, hiicli furtliur miiiiih hs iii.iy 1)" ni<^r, i!ii'<'t. n lif^ht-hoiiw?, and tuaku hucIi othur iiii|)rovniiii'iits as will ruiidur UiIh liarhor mjual Ui any on the WanfaHt<'r, Oliio, acted aH auctioneer, and Peter A. CaHHat aw Chsrk. The following Ik a HUininary of the record of Hale; 25 |HW ff:<;t on CUiitoii street SO 'lOfl fi'Ct on Huprjrior btrecl 31 106 f<'<;t on Superior street. . . . AZ 120 feet on Huperior street, . . :« 102 feet on Hiiperior street 68 ST feel on st. Conger $200 lUO 115 325 105 l.Vl «10 310 120 IW 175 178 A Bhanty, a short time [jreviously in the poHiwHHion of T, C, Forhw, wan sold to JamoB L, Conger for loo. Bhanty No. 2, occupied by Sam (^uimby, wan wdd {/> Conger for $2*5, The VV'<«t barn, with the cider-mill, threshing machine, etf;., et^;,, wi!r, were ti(>ld U) Con ger for %iiJ>U), with the underHtanding that the hotel should be wnnpleted by the Uelvi- dere Com[)any in the Htyl<* and manner explained by the auctioneer at the hhU',. t'nder dat TITLES, In giving the uam<« of [)atentees of the "lands on which the city of IJelvidere was platt^;d, it is wjusidered unnecessary to follow iij) the various dianges in ownership from 1811 U) \HV). In the section of this work devottxl U) the [doneer landholders, that s^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Alexis Peltier July '24, 1811. who deeded the land subsequently to Ign ace Morass. Morass conveyed his original claim and the tract acquired by piu'chase to David Conger November 3. 18H5. This property covered the original Belvidere purchase. To Julian Forton, as assignee of Robert Robertjean. a patent issued Aj)ril 20. 1811, for his claim west of the line of Alexis Peltier's farm. This tract was conveyed to David Conger by Julian, Catherine, Charles and Leonore Forton, November '23, 1835. Those original owners also deeded the west half of the lands descri'-ed in the patent to David Congei', at the same time, and he in turn deeded this last tract, or west half, to S. G. Lang- don October 13, 1837. On May 22, 1838, Mr. Conger, Ed R. Blackwell, Louis Chapaton and A. C. Hatch visited the location to decide ultimately the boundaries of the Conger and Langdon farms, as pm'chased in 1835 from the Forton family. The transfers which subsequently marked the proprietary of the lands of Belvidere up to 1838 may be learned from the following notices: November, 1835. David Conger to James L. Conger, three-fourths of the Belvidere pm'chase. or Morass and Peltier claiais: also one-eighth of the same to Thomas H. Peck, one-sixteenth to Thomas Bolton, one-thirty-second to D. B. Conger, and one-thirty- second to James L. Conger and T. H. Peck. Thomas Bolton transferred his interest to Erick M. Segur, and Elizabeth Smith, June 6. 1836. James L. Conger conveyed the one-thirty-seeond part of Belvidere to Timothy Ingra- ham November 23, 1837; gave a quit claim deed to S. G. Langdon for Lots 553, 360, 205 and 200. April 18, 1838, and one of the Steam Mill Lot February 12, 1838; to Tim- othy Andrews, in 1837, Lots 65 and 250; to Ralph Clarke, Lot 3-1:7, April 13, 1837; to Thomas C. Peck, Lots 59 and 385, January 12, 1838; eight lots to D. Garnsey March 5, 1838. Thomas H. Peck sold the one-sixty-fom'th undivided partof Belvidere to CuUen Brown January 13, 1836; one-sixteenth part to Richard Hussey March 7. 1837; a similar part to David B. Conger May 9, 1837, except Lot 300. which he deeded to Samuel Lyon May 9. 1837. He transferred thirty-one lots and a sixteenth part of the residue of the Belvidere purchase to James L. Conger January 12, 1838. David B. Conger transferred to Thomas H. Peck, December 15. 1837, a one-sixteenth part of the Belvidere purchase, omitting Lots 117 and 300. and adding Lot 524 July 15. 1836. he transferred ten lots to Royal C. Knapp. and Knapp deeded this property to Thomas I. Howell November 11. 1836. During June and Jul}'. 1838, a wholesale transfer of property to James L. Conger took place. David B. Conger and wife, Elizabeth Smith, Cullen Brown and wife. S. G. Langdon and wife, T. H. Peck, NeLson Oviatt and wife, Erick M. Segm- and wife. Tim- othy Ingi'aham and wife, all joined in what appears to be a partition deed. June 29. 1838. The siu-vey of the city of Belvidere was made by Abel Dickinson. Wadsworth, Medina Co.. Ohio, and the plat was di'awn at the same time, by James L. Conger, of Cleveland, f -^ B J> HISTORY OF MACOMB COLXTY. Ohio, in November. 1835. This survey began near the upper end of the first ox-bow bend in th Clinton River, on the northern side of that river. The main thoroughfares of the city were Clinton street, running from the western limits to the extreme eastern j)oint of land, forming the north banli of the river, forming an angle at the foot of Wayne Btreet, which was called St. Clair place. Conger avenue, one block north of Clinton street, ran west from Division street to the lake shore. The streets running east and west north of Conger avenue were named James. Madison. De- troit. Morass and Colton. Smith street ran south of Clinton, and parallel with it, on what was to foiTn the north bank of the proposed channel, running west from the steam- boat landing to the head of the ox-bow. On the south bank of this channel. Nelson street was laid off. and one block farther south was Ewing street. The three streets just named extended east and west to the circular road round the ox-bow. called by the surs'eyor River street. The streets running north and south were named Division street, forming the west- ern boundary; Cleveland. Alric, Superior. Peck. Erie and Wayne streets. Washington Square, a space 300x232 feet, was on the north side of Conger avenue, a half- block wide on each side of Superior .street. Jefferson Landing was at the foot of Wayne street; the steamboat landing, at the foot of Peck street; in a word, the city looked majestic on paper. FREDERICK OR CASINO. The village of Frederick, formerly called Casino, was platted for Frederick M. and Horace Stevens. June 24. 1837. The location was on the old Han'ington farm, where formerly stood the Moravian town of New Gnadtenhutten. The village tavern and mill survived the panic and prospered for many years; but little dow remains Ui tell of its ex- istence save the ruin of the tavern, which building was blown down in December. 1881. The Stevens and Harrington dwellings are still there. The mill, built by Job Smith about 1828. was burned. OTHER VILL.^GES. Warsaw. Marcellus. Frankfort and Clifton are all villages of a past age. Like Fred- erick, they flourished for awhile, and then drooped suddenly, never to bloom again. Those were all villages of Clinton Township. Each of them asjsired to excel Mt. Clemens, and each of them fell in the attempt, leaving the enterprise which prompted their establish- ment alone to be admired. TREMBLE CREEK. A settlement was also made, as appears, by a Capt. Franijois Marsac. in about 1798, at Tremble Creek, the stream just this side of New Baltimore, on the Ridge road, and also prior to 179(3, at Swan Creek, beyond New Baltimore some four miles. From the early settlement of that section, a tradition has been handed down — and this tradition has many believers even now — that an English Captain, or Lieutenant, who had been largely successful in gathering together a quantity of bullion, being compelled to flee from the Indians, buried his treasure in the earth about a mile from the prasent site IW HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. of New Baltimore; that he was either killed by the Indians or died from exposure, and the secret of his treasure's hiding-place died with him. Many searches have been made by infatuated individuals after this treasm-e, and many believe that the i^hostly shade of the deceased Captain guards the treasure trove so jealously and has such power of mov- ing its location, that all search is in vain. RAILROADS AND NAVIGATION. At an early period in the history of the county, the thoughts of the settlers often ad- verted to the existing necessity for either a canal or railroad to lead their civilization into the bleak interior. The ideas of the settlers were theoretically correct, but impracticable because premature. Many great works were completed on paper. Not only was a canal to lead from Mt. Clemens into the heart of the wilderness, but also a railroad was to con- nect that little city with the land of the fierce Kishkawko. A few of the day-di-eams of the period assumed practical shape, but the financial crisis of 1837 placed a quietus on enterprise, and even reduced the wild-cat banks to nothingness. For a few years the people battled manfully with the trials of that period of depression, rose superior to them, and ultimately succeeded in surpassing even the highest notions of their earlier years. F'ort St. Joseph Road. — At this period — 1798-1800 — the means of communication with Detroit was by way of the river and lake. The Gratiot Tiu-npike had not then been projected or opened. This was siirveyed long after, in 1827, and cut through the next year as a road of communication between Fort Detroit and Fort Gratiot, at Port Huron, and the head of the St. Clair River. In connection with the history of this tirni- pike, the traveler of modern days can scarcely appreciate the difficulty of the opening of this highway. We need not tell that fi'oin Detroit to Port Hm-on was one vast stretch of forest, with slough-holes, pit- falls, swails and mud, at such free juent intervals as would appall the traveler of to-day. It is said that about the site of James Patton' s house, some four or five miles north of Mt. Clemens --now a high, di-y and pleasant location — the road passed through a swamp, which, in the wet season, fm-nished the wild duck and swan with a swimming-place, and conseipiehtly the Indian with a splendid hunting-ground for bird game. A few rods below the Carl farmhouse, three miles south of Mt. (Uemens, was another slough, that would have compared well with the one described by John Bunyan in his "Pilgrim's Progress.'' It was two days' journey then from Detroit to the settlement at Hm'on River or Mt. Clemens. This was then a trading-post and stopjiing-place for those whose business called them to and fi'om Detroit and Port Huron. The Saginaw & Mt. Clemens Railroad. — So early as 1885, these villages di-eamed of great deeds, and actually witnessed the organization of a company having for its object the construction of a railroad from Saginaw City to Mt. Clemens, via Lapeer. The capital stock of those railroad builders was !|1, 000,000. With this sum of money, the company promised to begin work within four years after the charter would be granted; to complete ten miles of the track within eight years; forty-five miles within fifteen years; and the ■^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. whole distance of ninety miles within forty years. This company operated a banking; es- tablishment in connection with its railroad business, and a few rods of the road were graded at Mt. Clemens. De Toequeville visited Mt. Clemens and Indian Village — now Romeo — in 1831, and pointed out almost precisely +he railroad routes now in ojieration. In 1822, the first stage line was established in Michigan, between Mt. Clemens and Detroit, in connection with the Steamer Walk in the Water. From Mt. Clemens to Sault St. Marie, the Territorial road from Mt. Clemens up the North Branch of the Clinton, following as near as practicable the route of an old survey by Romeo; thence on the most eligible and direct route to the seat of justice in the county of Lapeer; thence to the town of Saginaw, to the northern extremity of the peninsula, and thence to the Sault St. Marie, in the county of Chippewa, was authorized to be laid out in 1839. Horace H. Cady, of Macomb, Daniel Le Roy and Nathaniel Squires, were the Commissioners appointed to carry out the act. At the same time, there was ordered to be laid out a Territorial road from Romeo to Port Hm-on. Ro.=iwell R. Green, Horace Foot and Thomas Palmer were the Commission- ers appointed to establish such road. The Clintnti cf- Kalamazoo Canal. — The amounts appropriated for the construction of this public work equaled §40,000 in 1837; $205,000 in 1838; and §60,000 in 1839; ag- gi-egating 1305,000 Of this sum, $115,202.92 were expended in 1838-39, leaving the bal- ance, $189,797.08, unexpended. The estimated expense of connecting the head of the canal from Mt. Clemens to Rochester, in Oakland County, a distance of sixteen miles and sixty- four rods^ was .■i253,919. The estimated expense of connecting the head of the canal at Mt. Clemens with Lake St. Clair, by way of the river between Mt. Clemens and the city of Bel- videre, was $37,915.75. The amount actually expended on the sixteen sections of the canal up to November 4, 1839, was $101,r)40.2S. In a letter dated May 21, 1839, Civil Engineer Hurd advised the cutting of an aqueduct across the little peninsula on which the village of Frederick was located, which advice was criticized in a letter signed by J. M. Berrien, J. S. Dutton and Tracy McCracken, under date July 8, 1839. Sault St. Marie Canal. — Under the act for the regulation of internal improvement and for the appointment of a Board of Commissioners, Rix Robinson, of Kent County, was assigned as Commissioner in charge of the construction of the Northern Railroad, the Sagi- naw Canal, Sault St. Marie Canal, the canal round the rapids of the Grand River, and the improvement of the Grand, Kalamazoo and Maple Rivers. Tracy McCracken was appoint- ed Engineer on the Sault St. Marie Cinal and other improvements. Fifty thotisand dol- lars were appropriated for constructing a ship canal at the Sault in 1837, but of this sum only $2,952.93 were expended ujj to the close of December, 1839. although it is reported that a siun of $5,000 was advanced to the contractors. This subject becomes connected with the history of this county on account of the con tractor, and the gi-eater number of his men being old settlers here. For that reason, it obtains something more than mention in these pages. *?)■? 438 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. THE WEEKS CONTRACT. ' 'An agreement made the 7th day of September, 1838, between Jame.s Smith and TJrial Driggs, of the first part, and Aaron Weeks, of the second part, the party of the first part in consideration of the stipuhitiuns herein contained, do agree to assign their interests to an equal and undivided third of a certain contract executed by Rix Robinson, as (-'ommissiouer, for constructing the canal at the falls of Sault de St. Jklarie. "The party of the second part, in consideration of such assignment, doth agi'ee to turn into the said company the vessel called the Eliza Ward, of seventy or eighty tons, to be completely rigged and seaworthy, and to be used and owned by the said parties jointly. "The second party also doth agree to bear one-third of the expense of constructing the canal, and receive one-third of the net profits, in case there should be any, and to bear one- third of the net loss. He also agrees to devote one-half of his time in superintending construction of said work, to furnish Hour, pork and other materials necessary to cai-ry on such work, at the prime cost and chai'ges, to be paid out of the first moneys received from the said Commissioner.'' This agreement was duly signed by James Smith, U. Driggs, A. Weeks, on the day named above, and fiu'ther signed by Rix Robinson, Acting Commis- sioner of the Works, at Detroit, April lU. lS3y. ACTION OF THE UNITED STATES TROOPS. By some strange oversight, the Executive of the State Government ur the Commis- sioners of Public Improvements permitted the contractors to repair to the Sault St. Marie with their men without consulting the Indians, who were owners of the land on one side, or the United States, the owners of the land on the other side. The affair is reviewed in the following testimony of the prime actor in the drama, given December 30, 1839, which was furnished o the Secretary of the Treasury: "Aaron Weeks, of Mt. Clemens, county of Macomb, being duly sworn, doth depose and say that he is one of the contractors on the Sault de St. Marie Canal: that in April last, he employed James B. Van Rensselaer to assist him in the construction of said work, and to take charge of and oversee the hands on the same during his absence; and that the said Van Rensselaer, with about fifty men, provisions, tools and necessary implements, repaired to the Sault a few days before this deponent; that this deponent arrived at the Sault de St. Marie on Satm-day evening, the 11th day of May, A. D. 1839; that on Sundaj- morning, the 12tli of May, the day after his arrival on the ground, Lieut. Root called on this de- ponent and handed him a written notice, prohibiting him to proceed with the work. This deponent then went and conversed with Lieut. Root on the subject of commencing opera- tions on the canal, when Root replied that he was not prepared to argue the question whether it would be an injury or a benefit to the United States, but he should not go on with the work, as his orders were positive. This deponent then wrote to said Lieutenant, and received a letter- in- reply from Capt. Johnson. The second day after the receipt of this letter, this deponent, with about forty men, commenced operations on the canal by re- moving the obstructions on the line and by commencing digging, when Capt. Johnson, the 4 ,^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. officer in command at Fort Brady, ordered out a company <'f regulars, armed with mus- kets and bayonets, and marched them down to where the said men were at work. The Captain ordered the m3n to stop work. This deponent, in reply, remarked to him that he could not, as he was under contract with the State of Michigan to complete the work by a certain time; that Capt. Johnson then marched his men down the line to a point where Van Rensselaer had some men at work digging, and commanded the men to desist labor; some of the men felt disposed not to obey, whereupon Capt. Johnson stepped up to one of the foremen, James Sherrill, with his sword drawn, and wresteil from him the spade with which he was working, saying that his orders must be obeyed, remarking that upon one side of the mill-race was an Indian reservation, and that the other belonged to the United States. Upon this, the men ceased work, and Johnson marched them ofif the line of the canal. And this deponent would further say that, after being thus interrupted and pre- vented in the prosecution of this work, and finally driven from the ground, through the direct interference of the military of the United States, he was compelled to abandon the work and leave there with his men." This statement was sworn and subscribed to before Richard Butler, Notary Public, of Macomb County, December 30, 1839. '''^Sfli Similar statements were made by James B. Van Rensselaer and John Levake, sworn to before Justice Richard Butler. In Mr. Weeks' letter to Hon. William Woodbridgei dated Mt. Clemens, December 11, 1839, the affair was very fully explained. From Octo- ber. 1838, to May 1'2, 1838, he estimated his expenditures on the contract at $7,047.52. R.\ILR0.4IjS. Detroif >, 440 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. lowing places: Ridgeway, Baltimore Station (now New Haven), Mt. Clemens and Utica Plank. The road has proved of substantial advantage to every j>art of the State and county not otherwise accommodated with a railway outlet, while the connection has proved invaluable to merchants and shippers, and thereby to producers generally, in afford- ing a competing route to the East, as well as connection with points not reached by any othei- line. The main branch runs from Port Sarnia to Portland, Me., a distance of 802 miles. The Michigan Division runs from Port Huron to Detroit Junction, a distance of fifty-nine miles, making a total length, under the Grand Trunk corporation, of Sfi] miles. -^The Detroit d- Bay City Railroad. — This railway is under the control of the Mich- igan Central Railroad Company. It enters Macomb County near the center of the south- ern boundary of Warren Township, and traverses through the townships of Wai-ren, Ster- ling and Shelby, in a northwesterly direction. It leaves the county about the center of Ihe western boundary of the latter township, and enters the adjacent coiinty of Oakland. The stations of this company within the limits of Macomb are Warren, Glenwood, Spin- nings and Utica. This division is 115 miles in length, and passes through a rich agi'icult- ural region, while the lumber and silt trade contributes very materially to swell its traffic. The Michigan Air- Line. — The Michigan Air-Line project was originally designed as a short line from Chicago to Buffalo, and was intended to run across the State from Chi- cago, striking the St. Clair River just above the town of St. Clair, and there connect with what is known as the Canada Southern. The Michigan Central, which aided in building so much of this line as lies between Jackson and Niles, and furnished almost the entire capital with which it was built, finally made it a feeder for Detroit and the Central. This road enters Macomb County in the southeast corner of Richmond Township, then trav- erses the townships of Armada aud Washington. There are stations on this line within Macomb County, called Ridgeway, Armada. Romeo and Washington. This branch line is twenty-six miles in length. It cost the people of the townships through which it runs a snug sum of money, butjthe benefits which will be derived from the road ultimately will doubtless compensate in a large measure for the heavy tax its construction imposed upon many individuals. That railroads in general are a benefit no one will deny, but some are constructed at an immense sacrifice to property-holders, and the remuneration, in actual value, is oftentimes imperceptibly slow in development. But on the whole, railroad en- terprises, when conducted by persons who have the welfare of the several communities through which they shall pass at heart, are means of much good, and vice versa when in- stigated, carried on and controlled by speculators, who look only to their own personal aggrandizement. As a public emolument, railroads ought to become as popular as they are generally successful. CLINTON RIVER. In ISTO, the channel of entrance to this river was very shallow, the shoalest place showing only thi-ee and a half feet of water, while the river was ten feet in depth. A proj- ect of improving the river was adopted in LSTO, the object being to afford a channel fifty feet wide at bottom, with a depth of eight feet, and in the execution of the improvement, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the amount expended has been $5,000. Another appropriation of $8,000 was made last spring, and this money is to be applied to dredging a channel cut eight feet deep and sixty feet wide at the entrance of the river. An appropriation of $25,000 was asked for in 1881, which is supposed to complete the improvement. This sum was granted. HARBOR OF REFUGE. BELLE RIVER. After a survey of the bar at the mcuth of Belle Kiver, an appropriation of $7,000 was made for its removal. Belle River is about one hundi'ed and forty feet in width, and from seven to nine feet deep at the lower reaches, which it is intended to improve. The project adopted in 1880 is to afford a channel fifty feet wide, thirteen feet deep to the first bridge, and twelve feet deep to the second. No money has yet been expended on the im- provement. CHAPTER XXIV. COURTS AND BAR OF MACOMB. The fu-st session of the Macop^b County Court was held in the house of Christian Clemens, at Mt. Clemens, July 10, 1818. Christian Clemens, Chief Justice, with Daniel Le Roy and William Thompson, Associate Judges, presided. The first case brought before this tribunal was the admission of Ezra Prescott to the bar of Macomb. Having produced his certificate as an attorney of the Supreme Judicial Court of New Hampshire, it was ordered that he should be admitted an attorney and counselor at law of this county. John Stockton was Clerk of the Court. The next sitting of the court took place July 14, 1818. The Grand Jury made no presentments, and was discharged. The only civil suit brought before the Judges was that of Mitchell and Leo Trombley versus Joseph Dupree, on appeal from Justice Le Roy's court Mr. Le Roy retired from the bench when the case was presented; however, on ac- court of not being ready for trial, the cause was continued. The session of 1819 began February 1, with the same Judges presiding. James Fulton, the Sheriff, returned the names of twenty- foiu" Grand and twenty-fom- Petit Jurors. The following are the names of the Grand Jm'ors who were present: Z. W. Bvince, Oliver Record, Andrew "^'estbrook. Baptiste Yax. William Brown, Joseph Mini, John K. Smith, Elisha Hai-rington, Edwai-d Tucker, Jacob Tucker, John Connor, Isaac Russ, H. R. Un- derhill, PieiTe Phenix, Felix Pelhy, Baptiste Nicla, Hugh McKay, Julius Forton, Francis Labadie, James Graham, John B. Beaubien, Gideon Olmstead. This jmy retired under care of Constable J. B. Chapaton. The cases brought before the coui't were as follows: Mitchell Trombley, Supervisor of Huron Township, appealed from Justice Harring- nv -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUJJTV. ton's coiu't his complaint against John Tucker, which was ordered discontinned. His com- plaints versus Julius Forton, Louis Chortier, Charles Peltier, Edward Tucker, Francis La- badie and Benjamin Trombley. The other cases were those of Andrew Westbrook versus A\'illiam Austen, an appeal from Justice Smith's coiu't. and the continued case of Tromb- ley versus Dupree, which were continued. The session of the court in 1820 was merely marked by the granting of a license to the Chief Justice of that court, as follows: Macomb County, ) February Term. 1820. f "''• Christian Clemens, of siiid county, having made application to said court for a license to keep a tavern, and having satisfied said court that a tavern is nece.ssary at his phice of residence for tlie ac- commodation of travelers; that he is of good moral character, and has sufficient accommodation for .sucli purpose; therefore said court have granted him this license. William Thompson, James Fuller. Daniel Le Roy, .JOSEPH Hays. ' Assistant Justices of said Counli). circuit court. The tii-st record of the Circuit Court shows that Joseph Campau, of Wayne County, sued Charles Peltier, of Macomb, for £54 14s., New York cuiTency, due the late Denis Campau, of whose estate Joseph Campau was administrator. William Woodbridge, Pre- siding Judge of the Court, held at Mt. Clemens July 21, 1828, issued an order for the arrest of Peltier and his safe custody until the opening of the Circuit Court in October of that year at Mt. Clemens. Judgment, damages, 1185.36; costs, $15.50; total, $200.86. RETIREMENT OF JUDGE MOKELL. Among the old records of the bar of Macomb County is one dealing with an event in its histoi'y, namely, the retirement of Hon. George Morell from the judiciary of this cir- cuit, April 4, 1843. A meeting of the bar was held within the old court house at Mt. Clemens, which was presided over by Hiron Hathaway as Chairman, and Azariab Pren tiss. Vice Chairman, both Associate Judges of the county. Amos Dolby, Clerk of the Court, was appointed Secretary. The meeting as organized appointed a committee of nine on resolutions, the members of which were Conger, Butler, Leonard, Terry, Smith, ^^'alker, Mitchell, Eldredge and Carter. This committee reported the following resolu- tions, which werii adopted: Whereas, The Hon. George Morell is about to retire from the Chief Justiceship of this State and the Presiding Judgeship of this circuit, where he has long presided with honor to himself and the State, therefore Resolved, That we do cheerfully bear testimony to the abilit3', fidelity, promptness and impartiality with which he has ever discharged his many high and responsible duties as Presiding Judge of this Court and as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and that we do sincerely regret that the Judicial re- latioiis existing between us will terminate with the present session of this court. The reply of Judge Morell to the practicing lawyers was pathetic in a high degree, as well as a high testimony to the old bar of Macomb. .|i ff^^e'-f liL^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. THE GRAND JURY AND THE JUDGE. After submitting the presentments to the court, the Grcand Jurors re- assembled and adoj)ted the following form of address: The Grand Jurors of the county of Macomb at the April term of tlie Circuit Court in the year 1843, having completed their incjuiries in and for said county, would respectfully present that, in com- mon with their fellow-citizens of said county, they regret that this term of this court terminates, by the expiration of his temi of office, the judicial labors of the Hon. George Morell as the Presiding Judge of .said county; that they have long regarded hun with sentiments of sincere esteem and respect: and believing that he has ever discharged his judicial duties with impartiality, integrity, firmness and ability, they present to the court here this tolven of their continuing esteem and unwavering confidence in him. Ephriam Calkin, Foreman, Tai.mon H. Gray. Alfred Goodell. Henry S. Courter, Asa Curtiss, Orasnrts Lathrop, Anthony Chortier, D. W, Noyes, Wu.LiA.M Stevens, Ciiancey Goodrich, Henry Jersey, James Cheney, G. W. Summers, Heman Nye, Justus R. Crand.vll, John Hicks. Jacob Summers. Stew.uw Taylor, Secretary. Sanford M. Green, formerly Judge of the Macomb County Circuit Court, was born at Grafton, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., May 30, 1807. In 1S37, became to Michigan and located lands where is now the village of Owasso. On the resignation of Judge Ransom, in 1848, and the transfer of Judge Whipple, Mr. Green was appointed Circuit Judge of the Fourth Circuit. He resigned this position in 18(17. In June, 1872, he was appointed Judge of the Eighteenth Circuit, to iill vacancy. In 1860. he published a hand-book in the prac- tice of the Circuit Cotrrts, and took an active part in the revision of the Statutes of Mich- igan. He also puljlished a work on the highway laws of Michigan. In the history of St. Clair County, references will be made to Judges Dewey. W. T. Mitchell, E. TV. Harris and H. W. Stevens, of this Circuit Court. record of admissions to the bar of MACOMB COUNTY. Among the early lawyers of the county, or rather those practicing in the County Com-ts, were Cornelius GFlj-nn, Alex D. Frazer. R. P. Eldredge, B. F. H. Witherell. O. D. Richardson, William A. Fletcher, Charier W. Whipple, Backus. Jacob M. How- ard, Thomas Ashley, Ezra Preseott and James F. Joy. The record of persons admitted as attorneys and coimselors at law of this (bounty shows the following names and dates: Ezra Preseott, July 10, 1818; Thomas Ashley, June, 1820; Spencer Coleman, Feb- ruary. 1821; George McDougall, February 4, 1823; Jacob M. Howard, July 16. 1833; Franklin Sawj-er, Jr., July 10. 1833; James F. Joy, April 12, 1837; Dewitt C. Walker, April 12, 1837; Royal P. Grouse, April 13, 1837; Harlehigh Carter, Preseott B. Thurston, April 13, 1837; Solomon Lathrop, April 12, 1837; Edward W. Han-is, October 12, 1837; H.D. Terrj-, April 11, 1838; Peter S. Palmer, October 17. 1839; John i^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. A. Hillis, October 10, 1839; John J. Leonard, October 16, 1839; Abner C. Smith, Octo- ber 16. 1839: Amos Dolby, appointed October 28, 1839; H. D. Terry, appointed Decem- ber 9, 1839; Amos Dolby, apjjointed April 8, 1839; Richard Butler, appointed October 8, 1839: R. P. Eklredge, appointed May 13, 1839; James L. Conger, April 15, 1840: C. B. H. Fessenden. April 16, 1840: Sylvester Larned, April 4, 1845: Giles Hubbard, April 5, 1843; Andrew S. Robertson, October 4, 1846: Lafayette L. Jones, October 7, 1851; Per- rin Crawford, June 20, 1854; James B. Eldredge, June 15, 1858; Thomas M. Crocker, Januaiy 17, 1859; Spencer Coleman, of New York; Dayton Andrews, October 24, 1859; Edgar Weeks and Wm. A Lewis, October 17, 1860; Irving D. Hanscom, April 4, 1866; Michael Stapleton, October 19, 1867; Wm. Jenney, Jr., June 28, 1867; Spencer B. Russell, Au- gust 28, 1868: James Reardon, June 15, 1869; Dwight N. Lowell, June 15, 1869; Will- iam M. Connor, October 28, 1869; George M. Crocker, April 12, 1870; Lewis M, Miller, November 14, 1871; Franklin S. Abbott, November 14, 1871; Chauncey R. Canfield, Feb- ruary 5. 1873; Dewit C. Merriam, February 2, 187.'); Samuel S. Babcook, May 3, 1876; Oscar S. Boi-gess, February 17, 1875; Frank C. Lamb, August 3, 1876; Charles G. Con- ger, May 2, 1877; Silas B Spier, May 16, 1877; W. E. Leonard, May 20, 1878; Frank F. Williams, February 11, 1879; Giles H. Hubbard, May 4, 1880: Addison G. Stone, May 4, 1880; William Self ridge, May 4, 1880; Charles H. Hutchin, August 4, 1880 : Mar- tin Crocker, August 24, 1880; James G. Tucker, August 24, 1880; Ai-thur L. Sleeper, May 10, 1881, Anson Bm-lingame, the negotiator of the treaty of that name, and United States Min- ister to China, was admitted an attorney at law before the Circuit Court of Macomb County. Henry B. Hutchins was admitted as an attorney at law on a certificate issued from the Law Department of the University of Michigan. Arthur L. Canfield was admitted by the Judges of the Supreme Court iluring the spring term of 1866, in session at Lansing. The following references to the first session of the County Court, to the lawj-ers of the period, and to the old court house, weie made by Mr. Weeks, of the present bar, and Judge J. B. Eldredge: The first court for the trial of causes and the transaction of general business was held at Mt. Clemens, at the residence of Christian Clemens, Chief Justice, on the 10th day of July, 1818, and was presided over by the Chief Justice and his two Associates, whom we have already named in the list of appointments for this county. At this session was ad- mitted to practice Ezra Prescott, of New Hampshire, whose appointment to the office of Prosecuting Attorney is also recorded in the list above mentioned. The first suit mentioned in the records is that of Mitchell and Leo Trombley versus Joseph Dupree-, which was an appeal from a Justice's court, involving about $35, and which was continued to the next term. This closed the labors of the court for that term. Johu Stockton was Clerk. The next term was held at the same place, commencing Feb- ruary 1, 1819. The first indictment found by the Grand Jury of this county was for as- r:v* HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. sault and battery against John Hurson. The first trial of a cause was at the second term, and was the case above mentioned of Trombley and Trombley versus Dupree, in which was rendered a verdict liy a jiu-y for the plaintiffs of 126.50. This verdict was rendered by the first Petit Jury of which any record is preserved, and their names are as follows: Nathan Coggswell, James Thorrington, William Smith, Harren ITnderhill, Ezekiel Allen, Levi Blount, James A Claris, Robert Stockton, John Tucker, Benjamin Trombley, John B Vernier and Louis Chapaton. The third term of the coiu't was held at the same place February 7, 1820. At this session considerable business was transacted; eleven indict- ments were found, two of which were against one Henry Cottrell for "contempt of law." This is an offense unknown to the books, either of common or stattitory law, though a wholesome "contempt of law " has always been entertained by the great mass of the peo- ple. While the educated legal mind tiu-ns back with a sensation of pride and satisfaction through the pages of history in the contemplation of the majestic system of our jurispru- dence, and makes the gi-and assertion that "law is the perfection of human reason,'' we find here a recorded case of the popular ojiinion that " law is an injustice and a humbug. " The record of the next term of the eourb shows that a court house had been built, and therein the court sat. This court house was built of logs, and stood for some years on the site of the present court house. At this term was admitted to practice as an attorney B. F. H. Witherell, who died recently in Detroit, then occupying the bench in that county as Circuit Judge. There was at the same time admitted one Spencer Coleman, who pre- sented the certificate of Hon. James Kent, Chief Justice of New York (author of Kenfs Commentaries), that he (Coleman) was an attorney of that State. We cannot give the date, but the fact exists that about this period there was admitted to the bar of Macomb County a lawyer whose name and fame have since become familiar to the world. We refer to Anson Burlingame, oiu' recent Minister to China, known to all the treaty powers of the world. Hon. C. I. Walker, one of the Professors in the Michigan University Law Department, was admitted here, as was also the late Cornelius O'Flynn, who died recently in Detroit. It was this court that admitted to citizenship Alexander D. Frazer, the oldest member of the Michigan bar. THE PRESENT BAR. The jiresent bar of Macomb County comprises twenty-five lawyers, or one legal ad- viser for every 1,264 persons dwelling within the boundaries of the county. The names of these gentlemen at law are as follows: Robert P. Eldredge, Thomas M. Crocker,> James B. Eldredge, Edgar Weeks, Arthur L. Canfield. George M. Crocker, H. B. Hutchins, Sponcer B. Russell. Silas B. Spier. William Selfridge, James G. Tucker, Martin Crocker and Franklin P. Montfort, all of Mt. Clemens: Ii-ving D. Hanscom, now of Marquette: Dwight N. Lowell, John L. Stark- weather, and A. L. Sleeper, of Romeo; Seth K. Shetterly and F. F. Williams, of Utica; Lorenzo G. Sperry, of Memphis; William H. Clark, Ji-., and Bert C. Preston, of Armada; Joseph Chubb, O. S. Bm-gess and A. G. Stone, of Richmond. 'i— 4^ idL HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The officers of the Circuit Court iu 18S1 were: Edward W. Harris, Circuit Judge; Thomas W. Newton, Sheriff; William L. Dicken, Clerk; Iriving D. Hanscom, Prosecut- ing Attorney; William Longstafl" and George Butchler, Constables; F. P. Montfort and A. G. Stone; Circuit Com't Commissioners; and J. B. Mcllwain, Stenographer. The elections of 1882 resulted in the choice of Hon. H. W. Stevens, of Port Huron, for Circuit Judge. IMP0RT.\NT TRIALS. Among the civil cases brought before the courts of the county, few claimed moi-e im- portance than those referred to under this head. These causes are selected on account of their historical character, one being on the election of a county officer, one on the privi- leges of executors, and one on the rights of a railroad corporation. The first is interest- ing to those who would preserve the pm-ity of the ballot box; the second, to those who desire to fulfill the wishes of a philanthropist; and the third, very instructive to all who love to rely on the justice of a corporation. The first arrests for murder were made by Silas Halsey. Sheriff, and Chauucey G. Cady, Deputy, in 1827. near Detroit. The crim- inals, named respectively Schneider and Rickett, were supposed to have murdered Donald- sou, at the Turnpike Crossing at Salt Eiver. They were confined in the old jail, tried be- fore Judge W'oodbridge at Mt. Clemens, and acquitted. ELECTIONEERING IN 187:1 The case of Alonzo M. Keeler versus George W. Robertson, involving the title to the office of Registrar of Deeds for Macomb C'ounty, was tried before the June term of the Cir- cuit Court, 1873, Judge E. W. Harris presiding. The case for the plaintift' rested mainly on the fact that, out of a total of 246 votes cast in Sterling Township, A. M. Keeler was credited with fifty-four, while no less than 115 freeholders made affidavit that each of them recorded his vote for Keeler. The action, too, of Town Board of Inspectors appears to have been of the strangest, if not of the most illegal, character. They counted the votes a few times, each coimt resulting in an increasing majority for Mr. Robertson. The Coimty Canvassers, on counting the general vote of the county, found that an equal num- ber of votes was recorded for each candidate, and resorted to the lottery plan for the pur- poses of declaring an election. Mr. Robertson drew the successful slip, ami received the certificate of his election from the County Clerk. Proceedings on the natiu'e of quo warrnnfo were instituted in the Supreme Coiu-t, where issues were framed and ordered to be tried before the Circuit Court of Macomb County, which trial resulted in a judgment for Robertson, the finding being said to have been directed by Judge Harris. The findings of the jury, etc., etc., were placed before the Sujn-eme Court, when the judgment of the Circuit Judge was reversed, and one de- claring Mr. Keeler elected, rendered. This celebrated case was conducted by Edgar Weeks, assisted by A. B. Maynard and E. W. Meddaugh, on the part of Keeler, while the defense was carried out by Robert P. Eldredge, Giles Hubl)ard, A. C. Baldwin and James B. I'jl dredge. VN HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. THE HATHAWAY ESTATE IMBROGLIO. The Hatheway estate imbroglio, wherein Crockett McElroy was complainant, and James S. P. Hatheway, Cortez P. Hooker and Ichabod L. Quimby, defendants, began in October, 1871. The lawyers. Edgar Weeks and E. F. Conely, representee^ McElroy; Messrs. Crocker and Huchins represented Hooker; and Lyman D. Norris and F. Uhl, of Grand Eapids, represented Hatheway and Quimby. The case was continued up to 188(1, when the a])pel- lant appealed from the ruling of the Circuit Coiu't here to the Su}jreme Court. The judg- ment given in the lower court was contiimed. THE AIK-LINE SUIT. The litigation between the Michigan Air-Line Railroad Company and IJellens and Tackels resulted in a verdict for the railroad company. In 1877, the Mellens and Tackels brought an ejectment snit in the Circuit Com't of this county against the Michigan Air-Line, claiming title to the depot lands at Eomeo. The company then filed a bill in chancery to restrain by injunction the prosecution of that suit, and further claiming that the lands in question were purchased by Harvey Mellen, John N. Mellen and John Phelps (from whom Tackels derived title), in trust for the Mich- igan Air-Line Railroad Company, the gi-antor of the present company, and that Manag- ing Director McNaughton, in 1870, delivered to Harvey Mellen township aid bonds to the amount of $2,500, in payment of all claims for depot grounds and buildings. The de- fendants' answer denied the purchase as alleged, and set up the fact that the lands were purchased through an understanding and agreement with J. E. Young that they were to procure the land to themselves, and proceed and erect suitable buildings; and that the company, within two years, would reimburse them and gi-ant them certain exclusive privi- leges for handling gi-ain. Defendants further claimed that the bonds received by Hai-^'ey Mellen were not received by him in payment, but simply as an officer of the road to see if they could be used in payment of the expenditures made, and that upon the refusal of Tackels and John N. Mellen to so accept them, he reported the fact to the Board of Di- rectors, and that he would hold the bonds and account for them when the company might wish to settle with him for some $4,000 advanced by him (aside from the depot purchase) for the construction of the road. The present company thus claimed that the bonds should be applied in payment, and the defendants that they had not been so applied. The de- fendants further avowed their willingness to deed to the company upon fulfillment of the contract as they claimed it to be. " The bill for an injunction was argued before the Circuit Court in Februai-y and dis- missed. The railroad thereupon appealed the case, with result as above stated. The lit- igation was a long and expensive one, involving an expenditure of several thousand dol- lars on both sides. I. D. Hanscom and E. W. Meddaugh were attorneys for the Air-Line; J. B, Eldi-edge. D. N. Lowell and A. B. Maynard, for Tackels et al. HISTORY OF MACOMB CO LINT Y. THE COnNTY COURT HOUSE. Tile history of the establishment of the county seat is already told. That of the livst and second houses built for the purposes of public busine.ss has been referred to in the able historical address of George M. Crocker. Here it will be only necessary to regard the battle between the northern and southern citizens of Macomb — the former seeking a relocation of the seat of justice, the latter protesting against such a relocation. On February 20, 1879, the Supervisors intimated that the board would receive the petition of the people of Romeo. This document was presented by Irving D. Hanscom. It was signed b\' Harvey Mellen and 12fi others, under date Romeo, February 24, ISTU. and was couched in the following terms: Ti> the Honorable Board of Supervisors of tlie county of Macomb: Your petitioners hereto ri'spcctfully represent that tliey are citizens and taxpayers of said county of Macomb, and recognize the expediency of having a new com't house and jail for the use of this' county. They further repre- sent that the citizens of Rom'io and vicinity have subscribed upward of $:M,000 as a free gift to the county if county .seat shall be located at said village of Romeo. Thereby relieving the inhabitants of the county from the imposition of a heavy tax for the erection of said buildings. Your petitioners further represent that the full sum of |30.()0() has been guaranteed to be paid according to the terms of said subscription and at the time therein specified, by wealthy citizens of Romeo, representing a capital of, at least, $,500,000, your petitioners would therefore iu consideration of the premises, respectfuUj- petition and ask your honorable Ijody to submit the question of removal of the county seat of Macomb County from the village of Mount Clemens to the village of Romeo at the next annual township meeting to be held in the several townships of the county to a vote of the quali- Jied electors of said county and your petitioners will ever pray, etc. Supervisor Nimms then moved the following resohttion: '-^ Whereas, Certain citizens of the county of Macomb, of the village of Romeo and vicinity in said county, being desirous of procuring a removal of the county seat of said county to the said village of Romeo, have by subscription promised to pay to the said county the several sums therein subscribed by them, and aggregating the sum of more than .|30,000. provitled said county seat shall be removed to the village of Romeo as stated iu said subscription. Where.\s, Certain citizens of Romeo and vicinity, in order to insure to said county the prompt payment of said above-mentioned subscription to the amount of |30,000 provided said county seat of said county shall be removed to the village of Romeo, have signed an obligation b}' which obligation guarantee the payment of fSO.OOO of said subscription to said county as stated in said obligation. Therefore Re.iolped. That the Board of Suiiervisors of said count}' deem it expedient, in view of all the cir- cumstances, to accept such subscription and oliligation of guarantee, and do hereby accept the same for the purpose therein stated. Resolned, That the county .seat of said Macomb County be removed from the village of Mount Clemens to the village of Romeo in said count}-. Mr. GofE moved the resolutions be adopted, which was lost by yeas and nays as follows: ^, Ayes— Messrs. Coyer, Ayers, Bennet, Xye, Goff, Murphy anil Nimms. Nays— Messrs. Farrar. Parker, Dedenback. Teats, Stewart. Perkins and Lefever. The character of that memorable meeting of the Supervisors' Board of Macomb County is outlined in the following telegram to the papers of the State, dispatched about the time Mi\ Mavnard, of Romeo, entered on his argument in favor of relocation: > ""y •♦ A ±J^ ^ -» ^b>, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUKTY. 451 " At 9 o'clock this morning, every Supervisor was in his seat, and in less than twenty mimites the coui-t house was jammed full of citizens and Romeo's representatives and lobbyists, to see the court house removal tight. The proposition of the Romeo people was presented to the board by I. D. Hanscom. They want the Supervisors to vote to have the coimty seat removed to Romeo, and then submit it to the people at their spring elec- tion. On motion, the legal gentlemen were invited to address the board. A. B. Maynard, for Romeo, made the opening speech, and asked for the closing speech. Granted. He was followed by T. M. Crocker, J. B. Eldridge, Edgar Weeks, William M. Campbell and , H. H. Cady for Mt. Clemens. Campbell said: ' Lay aside yom- $30,000 and submit the question to the people without a gift and see if they demand a removal.' Also that ' Romeo was not willing to shake the dice in a fair way, but came down here with loaded dice.' Maynard commences his closing speech at 1:30. after which a vote will probably be reached. The excitement here is intense." The board at length voted the question; the gift of Mt. Clemens and the $5,000 con- tribution of the citizens were accepted, and as a result, the corner-stone of the maguilicent building known now as the new county com-t house was laid October 21, 1880. MEETING OF ROMEO CITIZENS. A citizens' meeting was held at Gray's Opera House, Romeo, January 11, 1879. I. D. Hanscom was called to the chair, and D. N. Lowell was elected Secretary. The object of the meeting being merely to get matters in shape for the raising of the $30,000 prom- ised for the erection of new county buildings should the county seat be removed to Romeo, a working committee to solicit subscriptions was appointed at once. The following gen- tlemen were selected: Harvey Mellen, J. Mahaflfy, H. H. Spencer, of Ai-mada; E. S. Snover. Charles Fillmore. F. S. Crisman, J. T. Robinson, W. W. Andrus. Samuel Cooley, Ira Killam. Hon. A. B. Maynard, being present, adch'essed the meeting briefly, explain- ing the object and purposes of the citizens of Romeo in the matter under consideration. He asserted what all ought to undei-stand, that in this movement there is not the slightest feeling against Mt. Clemens; that Romeo is simply exercising undoubted and unquestioned right, in a business point of view; if she succeeds, all right; if she fails, there is no harm done. Ml'. Maynard spoke about ten minutes, and his remarks were evidently well received. Although no eftbrt was made at this meeting in the way of subscriptions, voluntary sub- scriptions to the amount of S6,000 were recorded. The following gentlemen signed the roll: J. H. Brabb, $1,000; Henry Stephens, $1,000; A. B. Maynard, $1,000; Harvey Mellen, $1,000; James Gray, $1,000; Hugh (X Gray, $1,000. Subsequently, other citizens followed the example of the original signers, and within a short time the entire sum of $30,000 was forthcoming. LOGIC OF THE CONSEEV.iTIVES. Before passing away from this subject, it may not be out of place to give a re- view of the situation, previous to the day on which the Supervisors' Board resolved -K HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. to maintain the spat of justice at Mt. Clemens. A contributor to the Mt. Clemens Presn said: ''A proposition to move the county seat of this county has been sprung by certain persons in Romeo, and a great deal of discussion is going on, many meetings being held and large subscriptions of money talked about, until many people are found who already look upon the removal as an accomplished fact. We propose to discuss the question fairly, and show whv the present location should be retained; why it would be impolitic and im- practicable to designate Romeo as the future seat of our county government. In the first place, the present excitement originated in a proposition, submitted at the October session of the Board of Supervisors, to build a new county jail. This proposition was made by Supervisor Farrar, of Clinton. It is a fact which may as well be conceded at once that Macomb County ought to have a new jail. The present structure is without one redeeming featui-e, and is a disgrace to the county. Immediately upon this proposi- tion being submitted, there arose a great howl in certain quarters of the county about the biu'den of expense this would impose upon the tax-ridden people of this county. The howl was the opening chorus of the grand concert we are now being treated with. A de- cent and suitable jail can be erected for about $6,000, and it is easy to figure upon the basis of equalization adopted at the October session of the board what this will add to the burden of individual tax-payers of the county. The whole taxable property of the county was estimated at $6,258,000. And the figures show that if each tax-payer of the county is assessed 10 cents on each $100 of his assessed valuation, the sum of $6,258 is realized — an amount sufficient to build a good jail and suitable Sheriff's residence. Now, sup- pose a system of public buildings be built at a cost of only $30,000. on the same basis this would add 48 cents on every $100 assessed valuation. Thehistoi'v of our county seat shows that this is the third or fourth time this "tempest in a teapot "' has raged, and we believe, when the subject is carefully considered, it will end now as it always has hereto- fore. Mt. Clemens is the oldest settlement in the county, and, as the saying is, 'all roads lead to Rome,' so all roads in Macomb County lead to Mt, Clemens. Examine the map of the county and it will be easy to see that the systemjof roads and the location of the Grand Trunk Railway favors this as the most central point in the county. The village of Mt. Clemens lies within six miles of the geographical center of the county. We call the corner of Section 15, 16. 21 and 22 of the town of Macomb the geo- graphical center of the county. It is accessiljle by railway communication with the most populous jiart of the towns of Richmond, Lenox, Chesterfield and Erin, and accessible by good roads at all times with Erin, Warren. Harrison, Macomb, Chesterfield, Sterling, Shelby and Clinton, as well as every other town in the county. For the piu'poses of illustrating the grounds we take, we grouji the towns of the center as follows: As inter- ested in retaining the county seat at Mt. Clemens, Lenox, Chesterfield, Macomb. Clinton, Sterling, Harrison, Erin and Wai'ren. As favorable (because of geography simply) to Romeo, we take Bruce, Washington, Ai-mada, Ray, Shelby and Richmond. We give the population of these townships according to the census of 1870: r^ l±^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Clinton 5,358 Macomb I,8it5 Harrison 605 Erin '2,466 Warren 1.938 Sterling 1,.549 Lenox 2,547 Chesterfield 2.175 Armada 2,215 Bruce 2,145 Wa.shington 2,057 Ray 1,555 Richmond 2,566 Shelby 1.695 Total 30,676 This shows that iu the group we assume as interested in the county seat remaining at Mt. Clemens there was in 1870 an excess of population over the other group of 6,210. Now, it is well understood that population has been rapidly increasing in the group of towns fii'st given, while in the other towns population is not rapidly increasing. And it is shown by the foregoing census table that the excess of population is equal to the population of a good-sized eonnty. We take the same group of towns to show the fact in regard to comparative wealth. The equalization of the Board of Supervisors of October, 1878, is as follows: 1360.000 Leno.v |3."w,000 760,000 Armada 44.5,000 98,000 Bruce 660,000 295,000 Washington 705,000 345,000 Ray 370,000 410,000 Richmond 445,000 Shelljy 340,000 Macomb . . . . Clinton Harrison. . . . Erin Warren Chesterfield. Sterling 340,000 Total .f 6.028.000 Here the figures show that the excess of valuations fixed by the Supervisors is $98,000. We take the same grouping of towns to illustrate still further. In the equal- ization of county taxes at the last October session of the Supervisors, the following figiu'es were made: Clinton $2,8.53 95 Macomb 1,3.51 87 Harrison 368 00 Erin 1,483 30 Warren 1.295 .54 Sterling 1.276 77 Chesterfield 1..539 63 Lenox i^i.Hm 09 Armada 1,671 06 Bruce 1,8.53 95 Washington 2,8.53 95 Ray 1,389 43 Richmond 1,671 06 Shelln- 1,764 95 Total 124.706 55 Showing an excess of taxes paid for county piu-poses by the group which are claimed would be most interested in retaining the county seat, though the excess is small. The foregoing tigiwes are important to consider in connection with the erection of county buildings, providing it is done by public tax. The great cry, however, of those who advocate a removal to Romeo is that Komeo people will donate §30,000 for this purpose. Mt. Clemens has not yet been heard from ^^ iiL^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. on that subject, nor do we think it necessary to play any game of bluff of that kind. When the time comes, this part of the county will be found ready to do all that is just and right. We are considering the question of removal with reference to the public conven- ience, and we again assert that no point in the county will accommodate so well the ma- jority of our population as Mt. Clemens. When we come to consider the coat of new buildings which are to cost say 130,000; then when we show that every tax-payer who pays on $100 valuation will have just 48 cents added to this amount, and when we consider that those who pay |10 valuation will have to pay jvist 4/|j cents, additional, we demonstrate to a large majority of the tax- payers of this county that there is a ' great cry over a very little wool ' on the subject of expense and taxation, and that the expense would be far more than offset by the incon- venience of removal to a large majority of the people of the county. Don't forget that 4/^ cents on every |10 of assessed valuation will raise 130,138.40 for county buildings. A set of men representing $6,258,000 assessed valuation, which is only about one- fourth of the actual value, should not stop one moment to consider a proposition, or ask that a few private citizens should contribute from their own private purses a sum sufficient to erect buildings for the use of as wealthy a county as Macomb, and we look upon a pro- position of that kind as a direct insult to the board of and the inhabitants of one of the wealthiest counties of the State — a coimty which has not built a public building in twenty-five years, except a county poor house, which was inexpensive, and that, too, some ten or twelve years ago. ' ' The arguments brought forward by the people of Romeo and adjoining townships were very forcible and clear; yet they did not prevail; the representatives of the northern townships were destined to lose all chance of obtaining for many years — perhaps forever — the boon for which they struggled so earnestly; yet they won for the county a sum of $20,000 from the citizens of Mt. Clemens. LAYING THE OOENEK STONE. October 21, 1880, was a day that will be long i-emembered in Mount Clemens, and that will adorn one of the brightest pages of her history. The elements that all the week have been inauspicious, forgot their anger Thursday morning, and gave a bright and gentle October day, well adapted indeed for the great event of that day, the laying of the corner stone of Macomb County's new court house. The enterprising and patriotic citi- zens, more particularly the business men, had a full appreciation of what was required of them, and early in the moi-ning the court house scjuare and Pearl street were gay with decorations. Bunting and dags adorned the front of every business house, and swayed across the streets. Peoj^le began entering town at 9 o'clock, coming on trains, in car- riages and wagons, and when the ceremony took place there were between two and three thousand strangers in the city. Grand Master McGrath came up on the early train, at- tended by different members of the Grand Lodge, and the Port Huron band arrived at the same time. The music furnished was of the highest order. The beautiful melodies were HISTORY OF MACOMB COU>"TY. rendered to the great delight nf the large concoursB, aud withal were generously dispensed. The band played almost incessantly the whole day through. The Monitor counts itself among the fortunate ones that were honored with an esjiecial serenade. The arrangements of the day, in the hands of the Masons, were without fault, and progressed without unto- ward happening to a successful consummation. At 12 o'clock the Grand Lodge, the Supervisors, the Council, and Mount Clemens Lodge, assembled in the opera house. They formed, and with the baud at their head. iiOok up the line of march. The order of the procession was as follows: [' 3 Baud; Grand Sword Bearer, with drawn sword; Grand Standard Bearer; Grand Mas- ter, supported by two Grand Deacons, with black rods: Grand Pursuivant; a Past Master, carrying the Book of Constitutions; Deputy Graud Master, carrying the golden vessel with corn; Senior Grand Warden, carrying the silver vessel with wine; Junior Grand Warden, carrying the silver vessel withoil;'Bible, Square and Compass, carried by a Master of a lodge, supported by two Stewards, with white rods; Grand Chaplain; (Irand Treasurer; Grand Secretary; Grand Architect and assistants, with Square, Level and Plumb; Grand Stew- ards, with white rods; Grand Tiler, with drawn sword; Mount Clemens Lodge, No. 6, in reverse order; members of Board of Supevisors; members of Common Council. The pageant moved slowly round the square, and stojjped at the southwest corner of the building, where the ceremony began. When all were disposed upon the jjlatform, the Graud Master rapped silence. Hon. George M. Crocker, the Mayor, then advanced aud addressed the large assembly. HISTORICAL ADDRESS, BY MAYOR G. M. CROOKER. We are met together upon this occasion for the purpose of witnessing the ceremony of the laying of the corner-stone of our new court house. A mere ceremony, it is true, yet it is a ceremony that is fraught with interest and importance to the whole people of Macomb County, and particularly to the citizens of Mt. Clemens — a ceremony that probably not one of us alive to-day will ever witness again. The spot of ground upon which we are assembled to-day is sacred ground — sacred because it is more intimately connected with the past 3nd present history of our county than any other spot within its limits. It has, in fact, more of a history itself. The history of this spot of ground commences with the title page of the history of Macomb County — away back in the dim past, when Mt. Clemens was but a straggling hamlet upon the banks of the river Huron; when all of the surrounding country was a trackless wilderness; when there were but few cabins here and there; when Detroit her- self, now Michigan's pride, was but a mere village; when the only neighbors Mt. Clemens had were the Indian settlements on the north and east, and Detroit on the south ; when the only means the settlers had of getting to Detroit was by the batteaux that slowly crept down the crooked river, and thence through Lake St. Clair — or to follow the trail along the river bank to the shore of the lake and thence along its margin: when the only trade worthy of mention was the fiu' trade. 456 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Then it was that the hardy pioneers of that day, a race of strong, determined men — men who came here determined to subdue the difficulties that surrounded them, met to- gether and resolved that they must have a forum where disputes should be legally settled, and the rights of themselves and their descendants maintained and kept inviolate —and this was the spot then selected. On the first page of Liber "A"' of deeds, in the Register's office, the first book of rejDrds, you will find a deal of this spot of land from Christian Clemens, the founder of Mt. Clemens. This deed ran to the Governor, not of the State of Michigan, but of the Territory of Michigan, in trust for Macomb County. The main consideration in the deed is that the court house be located here, upon this spot; the date of that deed is March 10, 1818. History tells us that Maj. Gen. Macomb, after whom this county was named, se- lected and designated this as the spot where the Hall of Justice should be located — and here ever since that time has Justice had her seat. It is true that the justice of that day was a crude and primitive justice, yet it was rugged justice. It is true that you find the courts of those days solemnly determining that " Christian Clemens, their Chief Justice, had the ability to keep a tavern, and that he be granted leave to keep a tavern in his res- idence for one year." It is true that you will find in their records indictments for assault and battery against some of the lawyers and officers of the court: I had almost said against the court itself. It is true that you do not find the voluminous, lengthy records and files of the courts of to-day, true that you could almost put the journal of the court in your pocket; yet, my friends, all these things were but the natm'al incidents of the times. And no man can sit down and read over those old records candidly, and fail to see that they ever honestly aimed at the right, and they almost invariably hit the bird in the eye. My friends — all roads lead to the coiu-t house. Here, since 1818, have the people come fi-om every nook and corner of the county to settle their disputes. Here have they sat and listened to the trials, and anxiously waited for the verdict. Here have been pre- served the evidences of the titles of the people to their houses. Here have been admitted, and here have pleaded a galaxy of lawyers that made the bar of Macomb County the peer of any in the State. Here, in da^'s gone by, have come as applicants for admission to the bar a number of young men from other places, who subsequently carved out for them- selves brilliant records as lawyers, and some of them have written their names upon the enduring pages of their country" s history. Upon this spot of ground has been, to a certain extent, the index of our county's prosperity; a gauge telling of our advancement before the days of steam and electricity, before the days even of highways, when the people chiefly lived in cabins, when the face of the county showed little else but forests and marshes. Then the log court house was here. In 1840, when the county began to be partially cleared up, and the inhabitants had more comfortable dwellings, then the old log court house gave way to one of brick, which, at the time of its construction, was deemed good enough to meet the demands of a future age. And now, here in 1881, when our county has grown rich, and fairly teems with fer- l\^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tility. and abounds with good buildings and finely cultivated farms, we are erecting this, our new coui-t house, which, though elegant in appearance, solid and firm in structure, is not out of keeping with the steady current of our advancement. And while we are glad in our prosperity, while we are justly proud of our present strength, and are strongly con- fident of future growth and progress, while we are to-day looking forward to a futui'e that bids fair to be golden, let us not fail to stop, reverently uncover our heads, look back and remember with gratitude, those who were here before us — those who struggled to transmit oui' present blessings to us. And it is but fit and proper that I should read to you from the history written forty years ago, and kept, until recently, in the safe and solid confines of the corner stone of the coiu't house of 1840. Kept by a solid custodian that, after having been itself a sup- port for forty years of the second coiu't house, to-day is placed in this, the chief corner of our third court house, and forms a part of its solid masonry, and unites the age of 1840 with that of 1880. The record says that the court house was built May 12. 1840; that the contractor was T. P. Castle; the mason, William Phelps. 'That the village of Mt. Clemens was tii-st settled by Jiulge Clemens, in the year of oui- Lord 1805. The first plat was made by Mayor Cien. Macomb, in the year 1818. At that time Lewis Cass was Governor of the Territory of Michigan. Gen. Macomb selected this spot as the location of the court house for this county. Christian Clemens was the first Judge appointed for the county of Ma- comb, and presided as such Judge for foiu'teen yeai's. He was a native of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, and is now the greatest land-owner of the village. His age is seventy years, and he is now present at the laying of the corner-stone of this building.' A business directory, deposited at that time, tells us that the following wei'e the business men of that day: Attorneys— R. P. Eldredge, Richard Butler, A. C. Smith, H. D. Terry, P. B. Thurs- ton, and J. J. Leonard; blacksmiths — D. Chandler, George Dixon, J. & S. Parks; tailors — William Roy, and J. & C. Williams; cabinet makers — C. Spaulding, William G. Page; physicians — Henry Taylor, George Lee, Jr., Philo Tillson, Ebenezer Hall; merchants — H. M. Dodge, -Tohn Stevens, Porter Kibbe, Eastman & Gallup, Hall & Grovier, Green & Freeman; grocers — John Conner, M. Stapleton, V. Maynard; inn-keep)ers — Joseph Hub- bard, Alfred Ashley, Jabez Hammond, Silas Hblsey; glass manufacturers — Hall & Grovier; shoemakers — William Lewis, J. & S. Dixon, E. L. Atkinson; wagon-makers — C. N. Mather, Crittenden; printers — T. M. Perry, J. Ingersoll; Treasm-er — H. M. Dodge; Coroner — William Lewis; Postmaster — A. C. Smith; Justices — John Stockton, P. B. Thm'ston; Presbyterian pastor — Rev. C. Dudley; Chui-ches — Presbyterian, Methodist, one Baptist Society. My friends, since that record was made. Time, the change-maker, has not been idle. Chi'istian Clemens, who was more closely and prominently allied with the interests of Ma- comb County than any man of his time, whose generous heart swelled with gratitude and emotion as he witnessed the laying of the corner-stone of the building that marked another ;^ HISTOUY OF MACOMB COUNTY. epoch in the prosperity of the community — a prosperity that he labored so hard to secure — has gone from you. He has long since solved the grand question. Where are the lawyers mentioned in that record? The voices of the versatile and eloquent Terry and the rugged John J. Leonard are hushed in death. All of the others are dead except R. P. Eldi-edge and Richard Butler, who are not in practice to-day. Where are the physicians of that day? They are all dead except Philo Tillson, who is now a venerable resident of Romeo. None of the merchants mentioned, in that record are in business here: most of them are dead, and those that are alive live elsewhere. And in fact, most of the business men mentioned in that directory have crossed the dark and silent river. A majority of those who are now living with us have retired from the strife of active life, and are now sitting in easy places, the cradle of reposing age be- ing rocked by hands that then were baby hands. Only two of the men now living with us whose names are upon that record ai"e to-day pursuing the same avocations they were pur- suing flirty years ago. The one is our neighbor, D. C. Williams, a tailor, who still plies the needle and handles the shears. The other is William Phelps, then recoi'ded as mason of that building, and to-day the ring of his trowel' may be heard ujson this building, keeping perfect time' with the trowels of those who are his juniors by at least forty years. My friends, while we pause and realize that our county has greatly changed, and that a new lot of men have by the force of crowding events come to the front, and now carry on and administer the business duties of life, let us not lose sight of the fact that soon we all will, by a new, young and ever onward pressing life and by the ravages of time, be forced into oblivion, and that these places that now know us so well shall know us no more forever. The action of Mt. Clemens and her near neighbors in building this court house is no new thing. This duty seems to have been linked with the blessings to- day enjoyed, and to have been transmitted to us by the regular line of descent. It is as- serted by those who were here forty years ago, and the assertion I have not heard seriously denied, that the second court house was built by Mt. Clemens and vicinity, and that the building, like this, was but a monument upon the old spot telling to the world the unan- imity of feeling between Mt. Clemens and her neighbors, telling of the sacrifices which 'Mt. Clemens and her friends had made and are still making to keep the Hall of Justice upon the old, time honored spot. It is not my pui'pose to enter into the details of the struggle in relation to that building. Those things are of the ]:)aHt. But I can say for the peoi)le of Mt. Clemens that they do not cherish any feelings of animosity toward their neighboring sister for en- deavoring to get this building located there. We recognize that in doing that Romeo did nothing but to make an honest endeavor to protect her own interests. We do not forget that Romeo is our sister, and we rejoice in her solidity and prosperity. We remember the fact that we are all but parts of one common and prosperous county, and we never can forget the kindly and generous treatment that we received at the hands of the Super- visor who lives within the limits of Romeo; and I know T but faintly echo the feeling of the people when I say that we hope and trust the most amicable and friendly relations w HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. may ever exist between the two towns. And to you, the members of the Board of Super- visors, I desire to publicly say that the city thanks you for the straightforward, upright and coiu-teous line of conduct you have displayed toward us. and we particularly thank you for your generosity in assuming the responsibility of paying the architect and super- intendent of this building. To the friends and neighbors of Mt. Clemens, whohave come to om- assistance, who donated $5,000 to be used in the construction of this building, I desire to here publicly on the part of Mt. Clemens, thank you for your generosity. We have caused every name you have signed to be copied, and propose to have this list deposited in this 8tone,:so that in the far-off futm-e, when a sm'ging progress shall force this stone from its bed of mortar, and this list shall come to light again, your descendants can see and read the names of the persons who recognized that we were all united by one common interest, that the pros- perity of one was the prosperity of another, and that the lines of oiu- incorporation were but imaginary. And now to you, the Grand Master of the Masonic Fraternity of the State of Mich- igan, the chief executor of a brotherhood that is almost as ancient as the ceremonj' of lay- ing corner stones, I renew the request heretofore made on the part of the city, " That you will lay this corner stone according to the customs and usages of your ancient order.'' Following came a prayer by the Grand Chaplain, and then a list of the articles placed in the stone was read. It ran as follows: 1. Proposition of city of Mt. Clemens to build court bouse, and vote of Council thereon. 2. Resolution and vote of Board of Supervisors accepting proposition of Mt. Clemens. 3. Vote upon the proj)osition by the city electors April 5, 1880. 4. Memorandum of bonds issued by the city for the payment of the $20,000 voted by the city. 5. Vote of Council and Board of Supervisors accepting plans and specifications of N. J. Gibbs, architect, and date of contract with builders. 6. List of names of persons who subscribed money toward the $5,000 raised over and above the .$20,000 voted by the city. 7. List of the business men and firms now doing liusiness in the city. 8. Names of the present Board of Aldermen and officers of the city, y. Names of present members of Board of Supervisors. 10. One copy of Detroit Daily Post and Tribune. 11. One copy of Detroit Daily Free Press. 12. One copy of Mt. Clemens Pces.s. 13. One copy of Mt. Clemens MonHor. " 14. One copy of RoTneo Obserrer. 15. One copy of Mt. Clemens Republican. IH. List of officers and membei's of Ladies' Literary Society. 17. List of officers and members of Mt. Clemens Lodge, F. & A. M. 18. List of officers and members of Grand Lodge. 4 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 19. List of officers and members of Odd Fellows Lodge. '20. Ijist of oificers and members of the German Working Men's Society. 21. Programme of day's proceedings. 22. Proceedings of Grand Lodge F. &A. M. of Michigan, and Grand Chapter, 1880. 28. Memorial of the Juvenile Templars. 24. One copy of Romeo Democrat. 25. One copy of Detroit Evening New.t. 2(). Old coin taken from corner stone of old court house, dated 1781. The striking ceremony proceeded in regular form until its close. The acts of the Grand Officers, with the responses of the craft, the music and sm'ronndings served to con- stitute an interesting and impressive service. It was entirely new to many of the audience Upon its conclusion came an addi-ess by tho Grand Master. This, a brief history of Ma- sonry, its accomplishments and aims, was an eloquent and masterly effort. A Masonic ode followed, and then the benediction, which signaled the end. The crowd dispersed. The Masons with their guests again assembled in the Opera House. Here they formed, and took up the march to the Avery House, where dinner was served. Fully 200 took seats in the splendid dining room of the hotel, and a fine collation awaited them. The banquet occupied more than an hour, and consisted of six com'ses. Many of the visit- ors were in the house for the first time, and were surprised by its size and beauty. The dance at the Opera House the same evening was a great success. It was, with one excep- tion, the lai-gest party of its kind held in Mt. Clemens. ' The Committee on Appropriations reported in favor of allowing the architect of the court house 11,000 for his plans, and for superinteading the work, of which amount $750 should be paid at once. The total cost of the building and fiu-niture cannot be much be- low the sum of 152,000. The work has been performed well, and another beautiful ad- dition to the public buildings of the State was formally opened in November, 1881. The members of the Court House Building Committee were Charles Ulrich, John Otto and E. W. Lewis, representing the Common Council of Mt. Clemens City, and James Ayi'es, L. H. Cantield and Thomas Dawson, rejiresenting the Supervisors' Board. The Committee organized by appointing James Ayres, Chairman, and John Otto, Clerk. June 18, 1880. The Clerk was excused from acting on Committee July 7, 1880, and Thomas Dawson was appointed Secretary. This Committee continues to act at date of writing, and will i-eport when the building and furnishing are reported complete. THE COUNTY JAIL. Reference has been made, in Mayor Crocker's address, to the old county jail. This relic is in existence yet; and, as described in the following letter, must be a terrible place for habitation: ''As we entered the vault (it deserves no better name), a damp, sickening smell weighed down the atmosphere, and the chilly air fairly penetrated one to the marrow. The main apartment of the jail runs the entire length of the building, and even then it is hardly large enough to dance a French fom' in. This room, in which the prisoners are ''-*'<^: HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. allowed to stay during the day and hug the stove in order to keep from freezing, is flanked on either side by a row of cells. There are five in all, foui' of them being about 6x8 feet in size, the other probably 7x12. In each cell there are a few boards thrown together, which answer for beds. In the larger cell there are two of these luxurious couches. Be- sides the cells there are two small cubby-holes, one of which is used for a wood room, and the other for a water closet, and a jslace to stow away ashes. The walls were all reeking with dampness, and in one of the cells a coating of ice covered the floor, the water from which it was formed having oozed out from the side of the building. There is not a win- dow in the entire structure to admit light to the inmates, and consecj^uently they are com- pelled to remain in utter darkness, except when the iron door which closes over the grat- ing at the entrance is thrown open. The only places for ventilation, discernible to the naked eye, is a small hole in the ceiling of each cell about the size of the muzzle of a shot gun — not large enough, to tell the truth, to carry off the odor of a rose leaf." .4. man from Armada sojourned there for a short time. On returning home, one of his neighbors asked him how he got out. "'Why." replied the es-prisoner, "the craik in the wall was so large, I fell out. " The county tolerated this building for almost half a century. In 1880, the people determined to build a new jail, and consequently voted $10,000 for that purpose. The ques- tion was submitted to the people in March, 1881, when the following vote was recorded for and against such an outlay for such a purpose; Mount Clemens filW Sterling 14.") Warren '306 Erin 30.i Clinton 284 Harrison 98 Macoml) 186 Chesterfield 206 Ray 15 83 Shelby 64 40 Richmond 126 ■"> Washington 6 4 Bruce 3 Armada 43 88 Lenox 33 Ag'st 270 222 193 341 397 249 373 Totals 2,342 ^ The majority in favor of this project was only IBH. This vote cannot be taken as the true voice of the people of Macomb. In fact, tue large number who voted against the project were animated with a desire to show their dissatisfaction with the action of the Supervisors' Board in not showing a willingness to submit the (juestion of relocating the county seat to the people. Immediately after the voice of the poople declared itself favorable, plans and specifications were called for, and the bttilding contracts made. The jail, as designed by Mr. Gibbs, is a very handsome and substantial structure, and will be built to harmonize with the court house. In general, it will be constructed after the ideas of the Committee. It will consist of two parts, the dwelling and the jail proper, the latter being toward the river. The dwelling faces on Front street, and will have a frontage of forty-two feet. The measurement from front to rear is 29 5 v^ fe^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. thirty feet. The dimensions of the jail part will be 30x32. The dwelling will have two stories and a basement. The basement will have two cellars, kitchen and dining room, and one bedioom. On the first floor will be the Sheriff's office, parlor, sitting-room and one bedroom. On the second floor will be foiu- chambers, a bath-room, closet, etc. Height of ceilings, ten feet. The jail part, on account of the slope of the gi-onnd, will have three stories, taken up with cells, of which there will be room for eighteen. A Biiilding Committee, consisting of Supervisors Thomas Dawson, William E. Hall and Harvey Mellen, was appointed, April 25, 1881. This Committee organized with Harvey Mellen, President, and Thomas Dawson, Secretary. This Committee made a first inspec- tion of the builder's work September 1"2, 1881, and continue up to the present time to ex- ercise a careful supervision over the work. The cost of the building, etc., maybe set down at $11,000, This Committee reported finally in Mai'ch, 1882. CHAPTER XXV. COUNTY FINANCE.S AND .ST.VTISTICS. There is no more certain index to the condition of a Free State than its public ac- coimts. So it is with any portion of the State where the people manage their own affairs, for, as a general rule, the governing board of a county exercises sound judgment, and is always slow to authorize any outlay which is not justified by necessity, or which does not give promise of future profit. The annual exhibit of the Coiinty Treasurer is a safe basis on which to rest a review of the financial condition of the county; but to realize its de- velopment, the retm-us of Assessors have to be considered. The tabulation of the sums resulting annually from taxation is of little consequence beyond the chance it oflers the curious of ascertaining the amount of money contributed directly by the people for the purpose of County, State and General Government. The indirect taxation accruing to the General Government is much more extensive than our direct county taxes; but the possi- bility of obtaining reliable figures in this regard is so far removed that the subject could only be treated in a speculative manner. Therefore, the reader must be content with a knowledge of what is certain, viz. : That the citizens of the United States, directly and indirectly, pay as mu',h as should render the General Government, State Government and local Government as great as the principles of pure and simple Republicanism require them to be, and which they are not; as mindful in guarding and honoring the legacy which the fathers of the Revolution left us as it should be honored, and as it is not; as paternal in character, and as solicitous for the public good as a Republican Government ought to be, and which it is not. It is considered that the Republic under which we live is the most liberal, the one alone under which man has attained his level in the universe, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. and the nearest approach to perfect government known to the civilization of our day. To make it what it is capable of being made, and to surround it with that halo of truth and honesty which alone should pertain to a Republic, is all that is required. Official perhdy should be stigmatized, and the guilty never allowed to escape, but punished, not nomi- nally, but severely; for he who would prove unfaithful in an office bestowed by a free people deserves chains, not liberty — a refuge among slaves rather than a home among freemen. TOWNS AND VILLAGES. POPULATION 1S.50. Whit... Ci'loved. Wliite. f'olorel. Armada. Armada Village 1.14.5 1 Ma<'onili 744 13 Bruce 1.5.54 1 Hay 1,232 Clie.sU'riield !»»5 7 Richmond. Memphis 1,000 Clinton 2,224 0 Shelby 1,482 Mount Clemen.^ 1.297 .5 Sterling 876 Erin 974 .. Warren 700 Harrison 483 .. Washington ■. 1,540 1 Lenox, New Haven 6.52 MACO.MB COUNTY, IS-'lO. Number of acres of improved land, 50,056.V; number of acres sowed with wheat, 1849, 12.536i; nimiber of bushels of wheat raised in 1849, 97,867; number of bushels of other grain raised in 1849, 289,935J; number of horses, 2,412; number of neat cattle, 8,782; number of swine, 4.772; number of sheep, 27.491; number of pounds of wool, 71,- 792i; number of steam saw-mills, 2; number of water saw-mills, 7; number of steam and water saw-mills, 14; number of feet of lumber sawed, 1849,3,746,725; capital invested, $17,150; number of hands employed, 65; number of flouring mills. 8; number of runs of stone, 13; number of ban-els of Horn- manufactured. 1849, "23,900; capital invested, $48,- 600; number of hands employed, 19; two tin and coppersmiths, one cabinet and chair factory, one pearlash factory, one carding-mill. one foundry and machine shop, one stave factory, one window glass factory, one leather factory, one pmnp factory — employing 101 men; capital invested, $53,000; value of products, 1849. §92,000; number of pounds of sugar made in 1849, 44,022; merchandise imported for sale, 1849. $160,631: number of insane, deaf, dumb, and blind. 10. TOWNS AND VILLAGES. PdfULATIOX I860. Wliite ro1,.reii. While- Colored Armada, Armada Village 1 ,48 ) 8 Maeomb 1 .357 1 Bruce 1,806 1 Ray 1.544 Chesterfield 2.1.56 1 Richmond. Memphis 1.683 2 Clinton. Mount Clemens 2.867 26 Shelby 1.068 7 Erin 1,975 .. Sterling 1,077 5 Harrison .545 1 Warren 1,333 2 Leno.x, New Haven 1,4.52 1 Washington 1.837 8 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUJJTY. TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. POPULATION 1870. Armiida Aniiiida Village. Biuco C'hestci'tield Clinton Muuut Olemeus. Erin Harrison fieno.x New Haven Total. Native. Foreign. Wllite. Col'd. 1.731 1,371 350 1,706 15 494 398 96 4H1 13 3,145 1.672 473 2,143 3 3.1751 1,644 531 3,175 3,.590! 3,458 1,133 3,564 26 1.768 1.331 437 1,757 11 3,466 1,543 924 2,466 605; 558 3,1341 1.543 47 604 1 592 3,115 19 413 333 80 413 Macomb . . . Ray Richmond. . Memjihis . . . Shelby Sterling. . . . Warren Washington Native. Fereign. White. Cord, 805 1 .555 1 1811 1 385' 6951 1 5491 1 938' 1 0571 1 30,676! 601 348 566 141 303 472 1,805 1,555 2,165 379 1,695 1,533 1,932 3,040 30..528 133 STATISTICAL, 1870. The entire population of Macomb County, according to the general State Census, taken in 1870, was 27,619. Of this population the priucijial elements are the agricultural, financial, mechanical and industrial. Of these four items we propose to present a few tigui'es, the above quoted work being our authority. There was, in 1870, 153,691 acres of improved land; 91,988 acres of wood land: and of other unimproved land 12,869 acres, at a total cash value of $11,985,486. The farming improvements and machinery were valued at 1485,946. • The amount paid in wages during the year, including value of board, $284,388. Value of all farm products, including bet- terments and additions to stock, $2,243,983. Forest pi-oducts realized S 103,038. Of the various products the following quantities were returned: Spring wheat, 19,991 bushels; winter wheat, 865,985 bushels; rye, 7,482 bushels; Indian corn, 811,277 bushels; oats, 494,044 bushels; barley, 29,872 bushels; buckwheat, 20,817 bushels; peas and beans, 16,- 027 bushels; potatoes, 240,931 bushels; hay, 41,988 tons; clover seed, 671 bushels; grass seed, 146 bushels; hops, 140,756 pounds. Live stock returns repi'esented by the following figures: Horses, 7,961; mules and asses, 26; milch cows, 9,040; working oxen, 407; other cattle, 7,899; sheep, 64,694; swine, 11,089; total value of all kinds of live stock, $1,616,087; value of animals slaughtered or sold for slaughter, $371,282; wool, 320,591 pounds; dairy products — but- ter, 880,969 pounds; cheese, 33,360 pounds; milk sold, 875 gallons; value of orchard produce, $81,010. Total of all taxes, $124,049, divided as follows: State taxes of all kinds, $13,018; county taxes of all kinds, $32,373; township, village and city, of all kinds, $78,658. The principal business of the county is its lumber interest. In this branch of in- dustry there are in the county twenty-seven mills, of which thirteen are propelled by steam, eleven by water, and thi'ee by horse-power. Value of material used, $67,187; wages paid for the year ending June 1, 1870, $21,715; capital invested in lumber, $87,- 500; expenses for material and labor, $88,902; value of total products, $148,090; number of feet, 7,859,000. Of other mills there are in the county eleven, all flouring. In addi- k^ HISTORY OF ■MACOMB COUNTY. tion to the above we find the following industries and manufactures represented: One tan- nery, six breweries; capital invested in latter, §22.500; one salt works, capital invested, $12,000: establishments of all kinds in county, 208; number of persons employed per month, 832; months of labor. 7,929; wages paid. §228,891; capital invested, §659,160. TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES. rOITLATION 1880. Etiunieratiir Enumerator. Ai-niada 1,734. ..Vbram S. Hall. Rav l,54;i.Bela R. D.avis. In Village 5.56. .Almim S. Hall. RiHimond 2,611 . ..Julin C. Keeler. Bruce 2,103. .Alexander H. Shelp. In .Smith Memphis. .. 367. ..Tnhii C. Keeler. In North Romeo. . . . 921. .Alexander H. Shelp. In Kichinond 750. .John C. Keeler. Chesterfield 2,352. .Cli:iilr< C.iinor. Shelhv 1,650. .William S. Andrus. In New Baltimore... 1,024. .('linlr, < Minior. In Disco 100. .William S. Andrus. Clinton 2,002. .Auuii>i llCanticUl. In North Utica 316. .William S. Andrus. I .loliii E. Foster. Sterlins 2.088. .Richard H. Sliter. Mount Clemens 3.051 ■ Robert Irvine. In South Ulica 177. .Richard H. Sliter. / Arthur N. Grovier. Warren 2,401. .G. B. Walker. Erin 2,695. '. Gustave Sehuchard. In Beebes Corners. . . 106. . G. B. Walker. Harrison 740. . Fredrick C. Porton. Washington 3,053. .Jonathan Stone. Lenox 2,516. .Ed. L. Raymond. In South Romeo 705. .Jonathan Stone. In New Haven 600. .Ed. L. Raymond. Macomb 2.046. .Alfred Stewart. Total 31.603 The following is the report of the cereal products of Macomb County for 1877-78: Townships. Acres Wheat raised in 1877 Bushels Wheat in 1877. Acres .m Ground in 1878. Acres Corn. Acres Oats. Acres Barley. 3491 2816 15,59 1411 1783 1538 1839 1776 855 1435 1683 443 1035 81990 65166 35023 28958 36328 32018 43659 29606 17492 30135 392.50 9643 34773 3940 3099 ^3056 1789 3390 3155 2386 2389 1:323 1503 2162 668 1:^38 1338 1444 1.560 1439 987 1443 964 1467 1829 1349 1378 1280 556 1631 1516 1453 1304 2536 2340 1625 1898 1638 1434 i:i54 1382 1726 639 2054 1983 342 113 305 396 Rav 108 198 Shelliy 13 Sterling • 91 97 Chesterfield Harrison Erin 337 109 53 Warren FARM STATISTICS. The following statistical information is taken from the report of the Secretary of State, dealing with the farms and farm products of Michigan for the year 1880. relating to this county: Horses, 8,829; milch cows. 9,549: other cattle. S,527; hogs, 11,761; sheep, 104,871; acres devoted to apple orchards, 5,821; to peach orchards, 1,131; acres under clover. 4,274; under barley, 2,178; peas, 1,215; potatoes, 2,847: hay, 29,792; wheat, 34,308; corn, 18,- 010; oats, 21,035; number of acres of improved land, 158,746; of unimproved, 83,629; total number of acres, 242,375; number of farms. 3.083; average number of acres per farm 78.62, Ml HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The taxes, as apportioned for 1880-81, are set forth in the following table: TOWNSHIPS. Statf Tax. County Thx. Town Tax. $1372 51 1871 -2', 1018 80 103.5 M4 1.81)0 82 8-,Hi XH 112(i 00 lOli'j ti.T >Htl 70 1851 40 1148 54 lOOO 05 \-i:]K 10 mri 25 450 80 481 32 271 60 $2039 65 3158 75 1623 50 1660 60 3093 07 533 45 1805 00 1714 75 15.S8 40 3106 00 1841 10 1714 75 1984 50 3158 75 732 00 770 73 433 00 $ 500 00 12032 52 2200 00 Chesterfield 600 00 Erin. 2i.5 66 565 00 776 68 Ray 1150 00 675 00 Shelby 700 00 Sterlin;,' 600 00 450 00 800 00 Mniuil CI. -Ill M. .111,1 CI. -Ill Mount Cli^iii •IIS. First Ward ■lis. Scc.iiid Ward •ns, Third Ward 3501 85 8738 20 2109 95 Total.. $18096 02 $29000 00 .$30114 20 The total tax levy in this county for the years 1881-82 is $81,105.51, which sum is ■divided as follows: State tax, $21,161.70; county tax, $85,650; town tax, $26,2y3.75. EQUALIZED V.^LUATION- -1842 TO 1881. TOWNS. 184-2. 1849. 1851. 1 IS.'jS. 18.59. 1869. 1875. 1881 Richmond Harrison $45,519, 23,928 31.987 70,427 83,950 5'.l,0i; OII.'^Cl 45,111(1 42, SI'.' 42.1011 49. Sim 59.s,-,i; $46,048 $ 25,132 34,420 117,978 40,1»!»0 0:',,T00 ss.ii:;i liir, ::!i! s,s t;.'i5 IS, OS? 81, ■,':!? 4(I.:!8S 5il.^js7 r, 1,01 14 47,161 $231,70:! 33.8.S!) 115, .580 40,604 280,4211 110. Oil ;:lo,s|0 (iO.OOO 8s-,'.s,"i7 07,5(iS ::s,-,.fj,-, HI. -.'IIS 05::.:|:;8 I|:'..5s0 5;8.771 s;.0|:; 5^J7,485 41l,SSil ■J72.:U1 :'.5,i):;2 -.'iiKKo i:i,225 ■,",'i,i;^,-,> 5:;, lis; -.'CO, 510 >;256,.551) 111,21)7 2:W,1)72 07s,7ri :il)S,871) 4ii;l,4SO 01)1,1)25 5SI 1,178 140,1 '■.5 ■.'0 1, ■.'s,-, •.'r.',oiHi ■.'70,721 80,',71l >;8T4,S-J0 97,0s 1 :!4(),0i)0 01)7,71)1) 42:!, Olio 110, DIM) 712,550 HC.s.ir.o H15,^Ji)0 :;|o.:;i,s ■.'HI. 1100 815. Olio 8si;.4::o >;4:iO,oi)l) OS, 0011 :!S5,0()() 7:!(),0()i) 110,01)1) 441). 000 i;o'oiio 810,(100 :; III, 01)0 850^000 :lSi),()00 $1202,000 2ss,oiio 1121,01)0 Washiimlon Cliisicrtleld Armada Bruce Clinloii I 78S,000 914,000 1 122,000 I7ss,0(ii) SIM 000 Shelbv 1014,000 1)7:1,000 1014 000 1)118,000 953,000 Ray 894,000 Note —In niUliiiun lo t e liguces for .SSl.tl.,- .■■!. ,li/...l V..I.I:, i...i ..1 III. . uv "1 Mt .'Ci,..-.,- > a. sl,„!,j,.„ .. Tho li(jiiur tax in this county, as tinally reported and collected. December, 1881, stands as follows: Cilv of Mount Clemens $3735 43 Uticii Village 665 00 Richmond Village 766 66 New Baltimore Village 578 75 New Haveu Village 130 00 Romeo Village 800 00 Armada Village 1.83 34 Memphis Village 175 00 Warren Township 935 00 Erin Township 9.80 00 Clinton Township 65 00 Lenox Township 65 00 $8069 18 vl^ V .^1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The population of the district, organized as Macomb, from 1810 to 1880, is estimated at follows: Year. P..p,.lHti..n. Colored. Year. Poijulation. r,>i..r..,i 1810 580 1850 15530 29 1820 898 2 1860 22843 63 1830 2418 1 1870 27616 118 1840 981() 33 1880 31603 CHAPTER XXVI. AUlMcrLTrUE AXI) FARMERS A.SSOCIATIOXS. A man may wander into remote parts of the earth as a traveler, where for the time being he will lose sight of farms, and where he will be obliged to deny himself the food and comforts they aflbrd. He may consent to prdsecute a lucrative business in an inhos- pitable clime, or where farming is wholly neglected, and its products can only be obtained by long transportation at exorbitant prices, but he will not prolong his sojoiu-n after he has satisfied his curiosity, or succeeded in his temporaiy purpose. Permanent and successful agriculture prs-suppose-^ the local existence of every con- dition essential to popular enjoyment and prosperity. Whatever else of value may distin- guish a place, them can be no substitute for this. Agriculture is necessary for the eco- nomical development and to the localization of the proceeds ef every other resource. However rich any locality may be in timber, salt water, or other substance convertible into marketable commodities, it cannot afford to ignore agriculture. It is true that, beyond the vicinage of a farmer, lumber may be minufautured, mines disemboweled and salt pro- duced; put the money which is realized will take to itself wings. Such an undertaking will require the exportation to a foreign sovu'ce of a<(i'icultm'al supplies, of the means nec- essary to procure them. The large sums paid for them, instead of going into the pockets of those who reside in the neighborhood of the consumer to be thei-e expended in improve- ments, in supporting other branches of industry, and in sustaining an increased trade, go to the remote producers. AGRICULTrR.\L DEVELOPMENT. A paper on the development of the agi'icultm-al interests of Macomb County was read before the Farmers' Institute, at Utica, by Judge James B, Eldredge. The subject, as treated, is replete in data and event, and therefore forms a valuable addition to this section of the work. ' Our county,' says the Judge, ' is one of the oldest in the State, yet it is barely a half-century old. As to its agriculture, it was organized in 1818, and then comprised, in addition to its present territory, a part of Oakland. Lapeer and Sanilac and all of St. Clair. The probable first settler was a Frenchman, one of a body of emigi-ants, sent over by the French in 1756. to settle about the fort at Detroit to strengthen it. We learn fi-om the • State papers ' that along the shores of Lake St. Clair in this county, were set ;t^ 4- HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tied here and there French families in 1796, and that in that year were found houses so old as to be untenantable from decay at various points — one at Point Aux Grapeaux, near the present site of New Baltimore. This body of immigrants was. on starting out. fiu-nished with a full supjtly of grain, seeds and fruits to enable them to test the soil of the new land. Early, these Frenchmen located homes along the watery highway, cleared a few acres — very few — erected log houses, tested seed and planted fruit trees; but it is well known that such were the enticements of the chase, that farming was not a material part of their labors. The gun and spear were of tener used than the plow or spade. The woods and waters more easily fiu'nished food and raiment than the field. The early aettlers had no market but their own mouths, no care but their own enjoyment. Agricultiu'e did not thrive in those days. The canoe was the only vehicle, the stream and lake the only high- way. The labors of the day consisted in the sports of the chase. Food and raiment were gathered from the woods and waters. This state of affairs continued in the main until the year 1820. Prior to this time, nearly all the settled lands in the county were held either as squatters or as purchasers from the Indians, or as " private claims. ' Those set- tlers who could show a possession in themselves or grantors, back to 1796. were allowed by the United States to survey off not to exceed 640 acres, and to receive a patent there- for. Those private claims fronted on the river or lake, and were mainly held by descend- ants of the immigrants of 1796. Now and then one of another nation had taken title to these private claims, or had set down beside the Frenchmen, like the (3onners and Tuckers, who were early on the Clinton River. It was not until about the year 1720 that there be- gan a flow of farmers into the county — men who came to clear and build, and plow, an d cultivate — and it is from that year we may date the commencement of the development of the agricultm'al interests of our county. The land outside of the private claims was surveyed into sections about the year 1817. and, as a matter of ciu'iosity, we go to the records and note who were the first to take up lands thus surveyed into sections. Let us see who were the first locators outside of the private claims in each town and where they chose. This will enable us to form some idea of where the first settlements and farming began. It is doubtless true that the first lands taken up were not in all cases the first improved, but it was so mainly. Bear- ing in mind that along the lake shore and up the Clinton River a few miles was a string of hamlets, whose occupants were not farmers, but hunters and fishers, with little garden spots and a few fruit trees, we strikeout into the wilderness of sections and see where farm- ing in the county began. We table the first three locations in each township, by whom and when. Some of them were mere speculators, but, as I name them, many of you will recall them as pio- neers. I take the towns in order of time; Clinton — Daniel Leroy, September 7, 1818, Section 14; D. G. Jones. February 18, 1822, Sections 3 and 10. Erin — Christian Clemens. October 7, 1818. Section 14: Villiam Forsyth. May 11, 1820. Section 22. ■fv*- i^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Macomb — G. and D. Greichir. August 12. 1820, Section 35: Alfred Ashley. June 26. 1821, Section 35; David B. Ford. May 22. 1822, Section 25. Chesterfield — Robert Jean. August 28, 1820. Section 11; James C. Edgerly, June 24, 1823, .Section 30; Antoine Rivard. September 8, 1824. Section 21. Washington — Asahel Bailey. July 3. 1821, Section 33; Gideon Gates, July 5. 1821, Section 27; George Wilson. September 1, 1821. Section 33. Sterling — Eleazer Scott, September 1, 1821, Section 3; James C. Underwood, Au- gust 12, 1823, Section 24; Andrew Leon, October 4, 1823, Section 24. Shelby — James Hazard, November 20, 1821, Section 5; Ezra Burgess, May 13, 1822, Section 7; George Hanscom, June 8, 1822, Section 3. Bruce— Daniel Hill, November 20, 1821, Section 35; A. Bailey, April 16, 1822, Sec- tion 35; Leander Trombly, September 4, 1822, Sections 29 and 20. Armada — John Proctor, November 4, 1823, Section 31: Peter Daniels, .June 23, 1824, Section 31; Chauncey Bailey, June 23, 1824, Section 3(». Ray — Benjamin N. Freeman. June 23. 1824, Section 5; Joseph Chubb, October 14, 1824, Section 22; Nathaniel Thompson, October 18, 1824, Sections 8 and 9. Warren — Charles \V. Groesbeok, June 24. 1830. Section 33; Charles Rivard, June 18, 1831. Section 35. Lenox — Phineas D. Pelton, June 4. 1831, Section 6; Joseph Comstock, Septem- ber 19. 1831. Section 33; Roswell Green, August 13. 3831. Section 33. Richmond — John Hale. December 1, 1832, Section 30: Edwin B. Rose, December 1. 1832, Section 30; Anson Pettibone, May 13, 1833, Section 19. Let us picture to ourselves these settlers over so widely scattered locations. What a map we have! These men, I dare say, did not quarrel about line fences. Around these locations, in time, collected neighborhoods; forests were cut down, buildings erected, fields cleared, harvests grown, needed mills sprang into existence, markets and larger har- vests followed; churches and schoolhouses sprang up first among the buildings, to the great surprise of the French, who had been in a line from Detroit to Lake Huron for a half -century and over. From the opening of these locations to 1840. the progi-ess of this county was marked by many improvements in lands and buildings, and the growth of in- creased crops was rapid and surprising. In 1827, the county consisted of five townships, viz., Washington. Shelby, Ray, Clinton and Harrison. Improved lands in Harrison and Clinton were valued at $10 per acre, and in the other towns at $8 per acre, and all wild lands at $2 per acre. The county tax of that yeai' was $557.59. In 1832, the first towns were valued, real and personal together, at $263,304: in 1833. at $314,872; in 1834, at $366,902;' in 1835, at $474,678; in 1838, $1,226,962. Quite evident here we can see the influence of being the ' eastern end ' of the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal. 'Wildcat' days jumped the value of the county from $474,670, in 1835, to $1,250,000, in 1837. I have been unable to find any reliable statistics prior to the United States census of 1840. I know that figures are dry, but in no other way can we so plainly place iu view the growth of the past, as by a table showing the amount of HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY, various agricultural products raised in the county at periods of ten years, from 1840 to the present time: PRODUCTS. 184n. 1850. 1863. 187U. 1879 Wheat, bushels 81,064 67,792 71,538 13,037 1,482 7,198 8,958 97,367 230,733 385,476 494,044 311,377 330,591 7,961 17,346 64,694 153,601 $5,864,073 532,730 802,060 232,988 300,588 6,363 16,073 83,663 106,077 103,500 71,792 2.667 9,443 33,762 57,876 339 390 Horses Cattle 2,329 19,426 64,373 158,746 Value, real and personal 1-16,191,981 This table teaches us that since 1840 the crop of wheat has increased over 600 per cent, oats over 1.000 per cent, corn ever 1,000 per cent; the number of our horses over 600 per cent, cattle over 300 per cent and sheep over 800 per cent, whose fleece has in- creased in weight nearly 400 per cent. The county was equalized in 1882 at $263,805, and, in 1879, at $19,191,981— an increase of wonderful magnitude, and mainly because of the development of its agricultural interests. At the time of this assessment, the plan was adopted of assessing at the cash value. Previous to this time, the rate had been at two-third cash value. Statistics of the various business interests of the county at large show us that of mer- chants not to exceed 3 per cent make money and die wealthy. Of the professions, not 10 per cent more than merely live, and it is about the same with the various trades. Surely the young man who wishes to insure certain success financially, when he leaves the farm and goes to the city or village, leaves a business that is almost certain of financial increase, to engage in one where the percentage of success is exceedingly small. Recui-ring to the history of the past development, has not the farmer of this county cause to be proud of his achieve- ments and proud of his county"? Yet, while thus we regard our part with pride, the query comes up, Have we reached our highest point of development"? Is it necessary, or is it our duty, to stop or decrease the rate of progress and stand still? Is there anything in the idea that we have now exhausted the virgin strength of our soil, and henceforward must resort to artificial manures to keep up the yield of our crops, so expressive that farming here cannot keep pace vrith other departments of life'? These and kinth'ed ques- tions are important. We learn that in countries of much less fertility, countries cultivat- ed for hundreds of years, by the exercise of a judicious system of farming, agricultm-e is made to thrive and jirosper. It may be that we need to exercise more care, learning and skill, to continue on in the rapid pace of the past, but, whether we need to do so or not. ought to be unimportant. Doing so will add to our prosperity, elevate farming and ennoble us as individuals, and as a class farmers should need no other incentive. The question with us should not be. Is it necessary, but. Is it well to do so? Situated as our county is, climatically considered, it must be deemed favored land; while "blizzards." grasshoppers and long droughts in Hr i w HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the West make farming uncertain, and floods and epidemics destroy whole communities in the South, and the sterility of soil in the East makes farming almost impracticable, the farmer of Macomb County stands as upon holy land, where good crops form the rule, where there is fi-eedom from epidemics and devastating storms, where nature has placed no such obstacle as absence of timber, want of water or unhealthy climate. Situated as we are, there is no need to stay the speed of our progress at all, and we hold it to be the duty of all to so combine thought and action that greater results may be reached." THE MACOMB COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The Macomb County Agricultural Society was organized in 1849, with Payne K. Leech as President; William Canfield, Secretary; A. W. Sterling, Treasurer. The officers then elected ware continued in ISoO Since that time the officers have been: Presidents — James B. St. John, 1851; William Canfield, 1852 and 1853; ^larsliall Hadley, 1854; Ira H. Butterfield. 1855 and 1856. Secretaries —R. P. Eldredge, 1851; Dexter Mussey. 18.")2 and 1863; J. H. Kaple, 1854: Charles F. Mallary, 1855 and 1856. Treasurers — Norman Periy, 1851; P. K. Leech, 1852-54; Charles Weston, 1856. The first fair was held at Utica, in September, 1850, opposite the site of the Con- gregational Church. At this time, there were no fences, buildings, race-track, or, in fact, anything which now is considered necessary to contribute to the success of such a meeting. After the meeting of the society, a vote of thanks was passed to Ira H. Butterfield, Ira Phillips, P. K. Leech and other stock-raisers for their efforts to improve the stock of the county. The three men just mentioned, together with John B. St. John and R. P. Eldredge, pledged themselves to meet the expenses of the society, hut tli?ir liberal offer was not requisitioned. The agricultural society was re-organized at Brooklyn March 10, 1857. for the object of promoting the interests of the agriculturists and horticulturists of Macomb County. The first officers of the re-organized society were: Ira H. Butterfield, President; Dexter Mussey, Vice President; Charles F. Mallary, Secretary; Charles W. Weston, Treasurer: Harlehigh Carter, Andrew Sutherland, Sr., Allen P. Bentley, James Flower, Truman R. Andrus, James Crawford, Carlos W. Brown, Directors. The charter members were Tru- man R. .\ndrus, Payne K. Leech, G. St. John, Loren Andrus, Elam Chajiin, Oran Free- man, Charles F. Mallary, H. Carter. I. H. Butiertield. D. ^Y. Noyes. Leonard Lee, James Flower and Calvin Davis. The Presidents of the society since 1n57 are named as follows: Ira H. Butterfield, 1857: Harlehigh Carter, 1858; George W Phillips, 1859 and 1860; Loren Andrus, 1861; Harvey Mollen, 1862 and 1863: Charles C. Leech, 1864; Charles Andrews. 1865 and 1866: George W. Phillips, 1867 and 1868; WiUiardA. Wales, 1869; P. M. Bentley, 1872: Silas Colby; Era-stus Day, 1875, and William W, Andi-us, the present President. The Secretaries of the society have been Charles F. Mallary, John Wright, Charles >S^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. W. Westou. C. W. Whitney. Daniel B. Briggs. Dwiglit N. Lowell. Henry W. Babeock and A\'. H. Acker. THE UNION farmers" CLUB. This organization sprang into being on the 27th day of October, A. D. 1S70, at the call of a few intelligent agriculturists, who had in some way become impressed with the idea that an exchange of views aad opinioas, in regard to any occupation, is beneficial, and especially so in the occupation of farming. The charter members of this society, as well as those who have united later in its history, are men of energy and forethought, the bone and the sinew of the land. They are men whose hands are better acquainted perhaps with the neb of the scythe, hoe and plow than with the neb of the pen. Men who believe the earth was given to man as a bountiful mother, who gives freely and abundantly the support of her sons. Not a stingy and reluctant mistress who must be coaxed and driven into the giving of the scantiest subsistence, earned by sweat and toil and discouragement. They are men who regard practical results as better than brilliant theory, and who dignify the labor of the farm by participating in it. believing that " He by plowins wlifi would thrive, Himself must either hold or drive." They are men, who, having labored faithfully and with persevering faith in the promise that the harvest should follow the seed time, so long as the world should stand, can afford to wait. Intelligent thoughts and energetic action have ever been fruitful of gi'eat results. Upon the first organization, sixty members were enrolled, consisting of forty-six working members, seven honorary members and seven ladies. The residences of a portion of this membership have changed and others have dropped out for various reasons, one has been removed by death, and the ladies have left because we did not hokl out to them suffi- cient inducement to remain. We are less in numbers than at the outset, but our practical working force is larger than ever. Since the organization, the society has held forty meetings. We have been favored with six original addresses, and have considered upward of twenty topics on some of the branches of practical agriculture. In these debates, it has not been the purpose of the club to draw the lines of parliamentai'y usages too closely for fear it might cut off a certain freedom of expression so desirable in all social inter- course. Our debates have taken an extended range, sometimes bearing u})ou the subject in question, and sometimes bearing nowhere in particular. Whenever we have struck the flint, sparks of wit and eloquence have been seen to follow. We have received seeds from the department to the amount of about seven bushels, contained in upward of 500 packages. The department has been notified of the results of the tests to which the seeds have been put. Some of them have been of real value, and many have been worthless in our climate and by our moie of cultivation. Prominent among the successful onej ma}' be mentioned the " Sohonen '" oats and various varieties of Mangelwortzels. We have gathered a library of nearly 100 volumes, and have received from various "i^f HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. agricultural and horticultural societies and the department at Washington more than 300 volumes for the use of members. Four plowiu'T-matches have been held under the auspices of the society, at which commendable skill has been exhibited. At these matches $107 in cash have been vfon, and paid by the society, and other property, through its means, in the aggregate $120. But better than this, vre have raised the standard of achievement in agriculture to a higher plane, by jogging the sensibility of our members, and setting them in a train of original thinking. Our iixduence has been felt in the community. Crooked furrows have grown straight, ends and corners have been brought to a neater finish, business has been rendered more systematic through our plan of statistics, which requires each member to know what he has accomplished upon his fai'm. This much for the past. At present, we are in a prosperous condition, with a strong working membership and money in the treasury. We have gained in experience and iniluenee, and stand high in reputation with the public. We are recognized and aided by agricultm-al and other kin- dred associations throughout the State and at the national capital. The duties of the fut- iire lie before us. Let progress and improvement be our motto. Profiting by the experience of the past, let us act wisely in the future. George W. Phillips is the President; George W. Phillips, Jr., Secretary, and John H. Wilson, Treasiu'er, THE GRANGE. As we look at the order to-day, we find it has yielded nothing to the drones. It has disappointed those whose chief idea was that it would break down middle- men and be a money- making institution. But it has, in numberless instances, more than fulfilled the expectations of its best friends. There are fewer gran- gers to-day, but they are better ones. There are thousands of farmers now in the order who have learned to speak in public, to preside at public meetings, and to think and to reason as they never did before. There are many who are readers and thinkers, and who are becoming leaders and educators through the influence of the order. A regular plan of work has been laid out and questions of farm management and home comfort are regu- larly discussed in their meetings. More agricultural papers are read, and, in many neigh- borhoods, libraries are established and lecture coiu-ses siistained by the order. We speak that of which we have personal knowledge, in affinning that in many neighborhoods the Grange has accomplished wonders. It has softened political asperities by bringing those of opposite parties together; it has cultivated the social nature, educated the young in music, and, to a lai'ge extent, in literature. Hundreds of Grange halls have been built and furnished, and, as the object of the order has been shown to be the education of the farmer, rather than war on other callings, the public have come to respect it. MACOMB CODSTY GRANGE. The Grangers of this county met at Grange Hall, Mt. Clemens, November 30, ISSl, and organized the Macomb County Grange. The attendance was large, and the lodge m, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. was organized by James Cook, of Acb'ian, a De]>uty of the State Grange. Officers as fol- lows: M.. A. H. Cantield; O., W. S. Hart; Secretary, T. J. Shoemaker; Lectm-er, John McKay; Treasurer, H. D. Atwood; Steward, W. A. Stone; Assistant Steward, A. J. Leon- ardsou: Chaplain, J. C. Cady; Gate-keeper, Albert Fuller; Ceres. Mrs. A. H. Canfield; Pomona. Mr.-;. W. S. Hart; Flora, Mrs. J. C. Cady; Steward, A. J. Leonardson. FINE STOCK. One of the great industries of the county is that known as tine stock-raising. From an early day in the history of Macomb, the attention of the farming community has been directed to the growth of fine stock, and, perhaps, in no other county of the State has this attention been attended with higher results. Throughout the length and breadth of Ma- comb, the stock-raiser is found to have attained an excellence in his art, which has won for the county an enviable name. First among the breeders of Short-Horu cattle was Ira Phillips, deceased. His son, G. W. Phillips, continues what was so well begun by his father. The history of the Phillips herd is as follows: In 1847, G. W. Phillips, of Romeo, commenced the breeding of Short-Horns. The cows that were at the foundation of this herd were from the impor- tations of Thomas Weddle, of Rochester. N. Y., and T. A. Newbold, of Conewagus, near Avon, N. Y. The first bull used was Young Splendor 8611. This bull is said to have been an extra good one, both in quality and make-up, and for which Mr. Phillips refused liberal offers from parties who desired to return him to his native State, New York. Young Splendor won first premium at the first State fair held in Detroit, in 1849, being led there by President Phillips when a boy, and continued to win first premium at each successive State fair until quite an aged bull. Following Splendor came Col. Fremont, 187(1; then came the Thirteenth Duke of Oxford. 8881; then Llewellyn 6956, Sheldon's Duke, 7260, Hotspur 4030, Gloster of Ingham 17184, Rufus 1S275, allot which, except Splendor, are the descendants of the famous Duke of Gloster. Cattle from this herd have been sent into the Eastern, Western and Sjuthern States, where they have formed the basis of a new stock. John McKay commenced the raising of Short-Horn cattle in 1869. At that time he purchased Phcenix 11, from Mr. Phillips, and subsequently made additions to the same family. At the head of this herd, on the male side, is Wild Eyes, No. 25167, bred by Avery & Murphy, of Port Huron. Mr. McKay is a successful breeder of cattle, and is building up a reputation in this department of agriculture. Among others equally noted as cattle-raisers are John Hagerman, Robert N, McKay. William H. Reed. Robert Milli- ken, B. F. Poole, William Rowley, Lewis Drake. P. K. Leech, George Townsend, W. H. Campbell, B, F. Poole and others. Mr. Poole established his stock in the fall of 1866. SHEEP-KAISERS. One of the first to introduce an improved breed of sheep into this county was Hiram Taylor, who imported fi'om Vermont several fine Spanish msrinos. After him, the late ^^ HISTOKY or MACOMB COUNTY. Xathaa Dickenson and John Taylor made important importations. Foremost among the sheep-raisers of the pre.sent time is A. D. Taylor. .-Vbout 1848, he purchased a number of sheep from Taft, of Bloomiield, N. Y. , derived from the Avery flock of pure Atwood stock. He imported, also, from the Vermont flocks of L. P. Clark and O. H. & W. Bascomb, and from E. S. Hall, of Genesee County, N. Y., all of the finest breed. In February, 1879, he pm'chased a ewe, aged ten years, for vrhich he paid $150. Within three months, this ewe produced a pair of lambs, which sold for $250 each. In December following, a ewe lamb was produced, which sold for $150. In the spring of 1881. a pair of lambs was produced, valued at $200, making a net profit of $850 in three years. The pair of lambs was sent to Vermont and thence to the National Exposition at New York. Recently, one of the sheep from the Taylor flock was shipped to Australia. Eli G. Perkins is another successful sheep-breeder. He entered upon this branch of farming in 1870, when he purchased forty of the Taft flock from A. D. Taylor. These he sold in 1873, and supplied their place by a flock from Lusk, of Bitavia, N. Y., to which he has added since, so that his sheep now number seventy Addison ewes. He and his son are careful sheep-raisers. John C. Thompson established a flock in the fall of 1870, by the pui'chase of twenty ewes from A. D. Taylor. In January, 1878, he purchased from the Sanfords, and from Bascomb, of Vermont, some tine breeds. In February, 1879, he purchased a stock-ram from Atwood, of Vermont, and also from Ellsworth, of Middlebury, Vt., a flock of twenty-nine ewes. The .itock-ram Addison was purchased in 1881 from Clark, of Ver- mont. He has made very important additions to his flock from time to time. Fulton P. Goyer purchased of J. C. Thompson ten Michigan merino ewes, and es- tablished a flock in 1881; subsequently, he bought twenty-eight ewes from the same grower, together with seven ewes from A. D. Taylor, at a cost of $700. He also purchased fourteen ewes from Mr. Taylor in 1882, all tracing back to the Atwoods and noticed in the Vermont Sheep Registry, and has thus founded a flock which gives promise of equal- ing that of any other breeder of the time in Michigan. Among the noted sheep-breeders of the county, the names of the following are given: Tim Lockwood. Chester Andrus, the Thoringtons, P. M. Bentley, Edward Randall and others. Mr. Bentley is a prominent breeder of Spanish merino sheep; for the past twenty-two years. He established his stock by the purchase of Michigan merino sheep, to which he added a number imported from from Western New York. F.IEMERS" MUTUAL FIRJE INSUR-iNCE COMPANY. In the summer of 1874, a number of prominent citizens of Macomb County assembled at the village of Washington to consider the advisability of forming a Mutual Fire In- surance Company, insuring farm property and detached residences, in Macomb County ex- clusively. No definite action was taken at this meeting. The proposition, however, was agitated thi'oughout the fall of 1873 and the winter of 1874 and 1875. During the sum- mer of 1875, the matter began to assume shape, and 100 citizens had engaged with Loren :^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Andrus and Wm. W. Vaiighan to insure their property to an amount not exceeding $200,- 000, in a company organized as above indicated. As a preliminary step to the organiza- tion of the company, as required by law, the following declaration was published: We, the undereigned. citizens of Macomb County, in the State of Michigan, do hereby declare our intention to form a Mutual Fire Insurance Company, agreeable to the provisions of an act of the Legislature of this State, entitled. An act to provide for the incorporation of Mutual Fire Insurance Companies, and defining their powers and duties. Approved April 1.5, A. D. 1873. This declaration was signed by Loren Andrus, Washington; Horace H. Cady, Macomb; John B. St. John, Sterling; Arnold Harword, Warren; Robert McKay, Bruce; P. M. Bentley, Macomb, and Willard A. Wales, Shelby. A meeting of the corporators was held in the village of Washington August '22, 1875, at which a charter and set of by-laws were adopted, and the following officers of the com- ])any elected: President, Robert McKay; Vice President, Horace Cady: Treasurer, T. S. Crissman; Secretary, William W. Vaughan; Directors, John B. St. John, Loren ,\ndrus, P. M. Bentley, Ai-nold Harwood, Willard A.Wales. Soon after this meeting and preivous to the commencement of business, T S. Ciissi- nau and Willard A. Wales severed their connection. Charles Andrus, of Armada, was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Willard A. Wales, and Andrew J. Sykes that of T. -S. Crissman. The charter was submitted to the Attorney General and certified to by him as being in accordance with Act No. 382, Session laws of 1873. Same was approved by the Commissioner of Insurance November 20, 1875. The Farmers' Mu- tual Fire Insurance Company of Macoinb County was an assured fact, and its first jwlicy was issued on this day to Robert McKay, President of the association. The statistics of the company, taken from the annual reports to the Co mmissioner of Insurance will illus- trate its growth and present popularity: they also indirectly indicate the formation of this association to be the result of an actual need felt by the farmers of Macomb County : NnniWr AniHunl Am.innt Number Amount Amount Tear. of Mpmbrra. of Ki«k. of .\83es-ment. Year. of Membera. of Risk. of .iasesament. 1875 100 $ -.378,000 1879 976 $1,80.5,069 *1,700 41 1876 499 1,031,91.5 1S80 1,1.53 2,062,379 857 00 1877 666 1,347,896 1S81 1,2:^0 2,156,329 3,86146 lb78 801 1.529,409 f3,455 57 Asfipssments. — Four assessments have been levied up to this date. In 1878, $2 jier $1,000 insured; in 1879,11.14; in 1880,48 cents; in 1881, $1.94. An average cost of 92 cents per year on each $1,000 insured since the commencement of business, November 20, 1875. The present officers of the company are: President, Robert McKay: Vice President, Charles Andrews; Treasurer, Andrew J. Sykes: Secretary, William W. Vaughan: Direc- tors, P. M, Bentley, C. Cady, Loren Andrus, T. L. Common, William H. Harvey and William C. Milton. The company holds an aanual meeting for the election of officers the first Wednesday in February each year. --i^W7/& cM^^rry^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. NAMES OF LOSERS. J. J. Crissman Charles Davis Geo. E. Broman.... William Harling.... F. Prieho A. Klein G. E. Graves J. E. Crawford P. Gaghgin George Mulvey EdvFard Pettibone. Albert D. Baker .. .IWashington 20 .Ray 31 . .A.rniada t 8 .jSterling .^Clinton ^>0 .IWarren J 2. One oow .Washington j30lDaraage to Barn . Sterling |33;DwelliDg and contents .Erin i32|Barn and contents Three hogs Dvpelling Dwelling Dwelling and contents One sheep 16 Wm. A. Warwick 17C. C. Crisman 18 Robert McKay 191. B. Vaughan 20 David Fogo 21 0. and P. L. Harris.. 22 C. G. White 23 Henry Moyers 24 Frederick Schroeder 2.5 H . and A. E. De Grotf. 26 Albert Hovey 27 David G. Farr 28J. and C. Treufant... 29'Jo8eph Emerson 30'Mahaffy & Knox SllHenry Wales 32lDaniel E.Frost SSlThomas F. Dryer .jClinton .!RicUmond .... • iRay .Bruce . Wa'ihington.. .Warren . Chesterfield., .! Washington., .jBruce , Washington. Richmond ... Lenox Washington. Washington. Erin Ray Washington. Chesterfield. t^linton Sterling Bruce Erin Washington. Lenox 31Colt 19'Barns damaged 8! Barns and contents and stacks of grain.. 2 Damage to house ll|Damageto house 6: Damage to house 23 Damage to barn 'i9'Daiiiage to house aid content! HjBarn and contents 33' 19 2(i: 17 21 21 Lightning ., Fire Fire Fire Lightning., Lightning., Lightning., Fire Fire Lightning ., Lightning .. Aug. 1, 1876 November. 187*i April 26, 1877 May 19, 1877.. July 12, 1877.. Aug. 31, 1877.. Aug. 31, 1877.. Feb. 27,1878,.. March 14, 1878, Aug. 1, 1878, Aug. 1, 1878, Damage to contents honse.. Damage to contents honse Outside cellar Damage to barn Damage to barn [iarn and contents 29' Barn, shed and contents 2 Damage to house IJiDamage to house 8|BarD, contents and straw stack. 8, Tenant house 24 House and contents — 20! Damage to house 13jDamageto house 18 Four sheep Fire Cbimnej burning out Sparks from chimnej. Sparks from cbimnej. Ligntning Fire Fire Fire Fire Fire Lightning Lightning Lightning Lightning Fire Fire Fii-e Fire Fire Fire Fire Lightning Date of Lo89. Aug. 18, 1878. ,Ian. 1 1879.... March 16, 1879, Feb. 14, 1879... July 11, 1879.. Dec. 14. 1879.. Jan. 30, 1880.. Jan. :'.l, 1880.. Jan. 30, 1880.. Feb. 19, 1880.. July 10, 188U.. July 10, 1880.. July 10, 1880.. Aug. 19, 1880.. Nov. 15, 1880.. Nov. 17, 1880.. Nov. 30, 1880.. Feb. 29, 1881.. .March 10, 1881 April 5. 1881... May 28, 1881.. July 12, 1881. Totol amount losses paid since organized, to December 31, 1881., $50 00 300 00 900 00 300 0(1 3 00 23 IK) 25 '10 308 00 425 00 90 00 40 00 730 02 25 00 1 00 6 26 6 00 2 00 250 00 2 60 6 00 10 00 1 45 8 00 100 00 911 76 125 00 16 91 795 00 500 00 629 45 8 00 6 58 8 00 1.512 87 r.4RMEKS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. The FaiTQers' Mutual Fire Insiu-ance Company of Macoml) and St. Clair Counties was organized at the Ridgeway Hotel, or Beebe House, August 1, 1[. Thorington r J. W. Thorington c P. M. Bentley r A. D. Tavlorr J.M. Thorington e J. M. Thorington e Ed Randall r Dawson West r 352 383 345 345 413 395 352 375 395 401 381 356 356 .355 380 355 352 875 426 352 395 395 365 353 357 353 395 352 375 375 357 346 14 1 lOi 11 6 3i i 2i 8 15 3i 14+ 15 13 9i 6A 13A 4 2 10 14i U 1 110 101 79i 78" 105 '88 78+ 77i 87 67 114+ 86i 91 57 68 71i 92+ 109i 112 15U 93 69 m 96 71 114 98 81+ 92 96+ 96i 91i 115+ Mr. John C. Thompson, of Romeo, exhibitea a fleece shorn a day or two before the exhibition, from a two-year-old ram, which weighed thirty-one and three-fourths pounds. ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY CHAPTER XX VII. NECIIOI.OGY. In the chapter devoted to township history and biography, reference is made to the pioneers and old settlers of Macomb who are gone to the land beyond the grave. To insure a more precise notice, their names are grouped under this heading, and, in a great num- ber of instances, a brief sketch is given, while in other cases, the name of the pioneer is merely subscribed. From the records of the Pioneer Society, it is learned that the necrol- ogy of the pioneers comprises the following names: Chi'istian Clemens, Augustus Richards, Ashael Bailey, William Abbot. Nathaniel Bennett, N. T. Taylor, Isaac Thompson. James Thompson. George Smith. Reuben R. Smith, John Smith, Ai-atus Smith, Isaac Powell. Abram Powell. George Powell, Joseph Sikes, Jonas Crissman, John Proctor, Josiah Hamlin, Normaij Perry. Hosea Northrup. Darius Sessions, Seaman Fillmore, Alva Sibley, A. Draper, Charles Davis, A. Pettiboue, Solomon Dewey, Solomon Lathi-op, Nathan Adams, Horace Heath, Michael Devine, Sam- uel Snover, Silas Scott, Silas Hayden, Nathan Nye, Jefferson Nye, Albeit Nye, Henian Nj'e, John Garvin, Prescott B. Thurston, Aaron B. Rawles. Thomas Eldred. Good- ing, Goodyear, Azariah Prentiss, John Townsend, William Baker, James Sharpstien, John Stranahan, Crippen, Alexander Tackles, John Taylor, Joseph Chubb, John Crawford, Charles Fowler, Elder Warren, George Bowerman, Z. Hayden. Russell Day, Daniel Day, Nathan Dickinson, Carlton Newbury, Rev. Taylor, Dr. Neil Gray, B. Free- man, Sr. , Osni Miller, G. Powell, Sr., Wood, Sumner Pierce, Colatinus Day, Deloss Conklin, John Armstrong, Myron Armstrong. Whitbeck, Minot T. Lane, Bisho]>, Sr., Cyrus Hopkins, Chauncey Throop, George Throop, Nathan Keeler, Squire Parmellee, Henry Collins, Gould. William Allen, Howaa-d, Isaac Taft, Elisha Smith, John Soule, Clinton Soule, Squire Lawi-eoce, Hiram Hopkins, Roswell Webster, Albert Finch, Ezra Finch, Sylvester Finch, James Leslie, Benjamin Leslie. Gideon Gates, Se\vell Hovey, A. Sterling, Noah Cooley. Benjamin CooJey, George Brabb. Isaac Brabb. Marvel Shaw, James Thorington, Cusiek, James Hosner, Aden Taft, Deusing, John Holland, — — Wilbiu-, Stitt, Ed Ai-noM, Joel Turrell, Philip Price, Hem-y Price. John Price, Peter Price. Noah Webster. Benjamin Freeman, Moses Freeman, William Hall, Carpus Redway, Andrew Southerland, David Southerland, Charles Chamberlain, Joseph Peters, Asa Curtis, Parker Adams. Asa Palmer, Asa Holmau. Levi Holman, Nathaniel Cole, Charles Marble, Henry Lee, Deacon Goodell, Williard Church. Wiley Bancroft, Ira Phil- lips, George Chamberlain, Chamberlain, James Starkweather. Job Howell, Albert Edget, Peter Edget, Iddo Warner, Sylvester Warner, Edmund Stewart, Peter Woodbeck, Joseph Donaldson. James Donaldson, David Donaldson, Rev. Andrews. Peter Aldi-ich, Fred Akh-ich, Ira Aldrich, Darius Finch, Tobias Finch. Melanchton Ghamberlin, Chaun- cey Chambei-lin, Albert Aldrich, Elijah Burke, Norman Biu'ch, Allen Frost, John Hall, William A. Burt, Deacon Calkins, Ben McGregor, Ben Crissman, Lazarus Green, Bur- chard Thi-oop, George Wilson. Otis Lamb, and Messrs. Haines and Moyers. In the followins list, a l;u"ge number of the deceased old settlers of JIacomb ai'e treated biographically, and the list brought down to the present time: Reuben R. Smith, of Ray Township, died April 27, 1866, aged sixty-nine years. V ]±^ IIISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Mrs. Mary Matthews died May T), I8f36. aged seventy-one years. Mrs. Mercy A. Giddings died November 22, 1866, aged fifty- two years. Stephen Giles, of Ray, died suddenly March 18. 1867. Dr. Benjamin G. Sutherland died at his home in Ray Township, January 81. 1867. in the fifty-seventh year of his age. He was born in Rutland Gounty, Vt., June, 1810. He studied medicine at Lewiston, N. Y.. came to Michigan in 1836, and settled near Romeo. George Chandler died at Romeo Febraary 18. 1867, aged sixty-six years. He located there in 1845. Asa Curtiss, of Ai-mada, died of ai)oplexy, at Romeo. March 15, 1867. Mrs. Matilda "Ward, wife of Andrew Ward, of Armada, died suddenly March 19, 1867. Chaiincey H Whitney, Secretary of the Goiinly Agricultural Society, died at Utica April 21, aged fifty-five years. Joshua Smith died at Almont July 29, 18(57, aged eighty years. James Benjamin fell forty feet from the staging of a church at Dryden, Lapeer County, and was instantly killed, September 12, 1.S67. E. L. Stone, of Washington Township, died November 7, 1867. Wesley Willey, of Ray. died suddenly January 25, 1868. Mrs. Hugh Norton died in Macomb Township February 14, 1868. Joseph Moyres died in Washington Township in April, 1866. Mrs. Elijah Thorington died suddenly March 21, 1868. Mrs. Sarah Beekman died March 31, 1868, aged seventy-five years. Eli Mussey, father of Dexter Mussey. died August 18, 1868, aged eighty-eight years. Mrs. Sarah Harvey died suddenly September 19. 1868. aged sixty-eight years. She was 'born at Morristown, N. J. William Chandler, formerly of Romeo, was aceidentallv killed at Cleveland. Ghio, October 10, 1868. Mrs. James Starkweather was killed a few miles north of Baltimore, Md., November 16, 1868, by being run over by the cars. She was born at Clarkson. N.. Y., July 14, 1807, and came to Michigan in June, 1825. Dr. Neil Gi-ay died December 14, 1868. He was-born at Kenwilligg, Ayrshire, Scot- land, in 1802, and, thirty years later located the Gray farm in Macomb County. Dr. Reuben Nims died at his home in Washington Township February 2. 1869, in his seventy-fifth year. He was born in Berkshire County, Mass. Gmxlon Hoveydied at Romeo June 11, 1870. It is stated that he was a centenarian. Mrs. Celia Van After died at the home of A. M. Leach, Romeo, December 13, 1870. aged seventj^-five years. Mrs. Emma Lathrop, of Armada, died March 21, 1871, aged seventy-five yeai's. Luther Farrar died March 12, 1870. Mrs. Clarissa Goff died in Shelby, Mich., April 8, 1871, aged eighty-one years. She was the wife of Harvey Goff, and daughter of Squire Goff, the first Baptist preacher who settled at Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y. She was born near Hartford, Conn, William M, Connor, a soldier of theUnited States in the late war, died at Mt. Clem- ens May 14, 1871. Neil trray, son of Dr. Neil Gi'ay, died at Romeo June 10, 1871. Mrs. Lemrock Bailey died August 7, 1871, at Union, Canada West. As Miss Mary- ette Curson, she was favorably known to old settlers. Mrs. Eliza Carpenter, aged sixty-one years, died tragically August 25. 1871. Manly Thurston met a tragic death in 1870. Aaron B. Rawles, one of the pioneers of Romeo, and one of its most prominent citi- n^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COTXTY. z<»ns, died April 4, 1872. He was born at Albany, N. Y., in 1812. and came to Detroit in 18:32, and to Romeo in 1834. Mrs. Levi D. Chamberlain died at Romeo June 27, 1872. She was born in Schenec- tady County, N. Y., Jiine 15, 17y;3. In 18 Ki, she was married to Levi D. Chamberlain. Charles Peltier, aged seventy-eight years, died at Mt. Clemens June 27, 1872. He served with the L'ish and French under Richard Smvthe in the war of 1812, and settled at Mt. Clemens in 1814. Mi's. Fannie Baldwin was born in Sussex County, N. J., in 1794; married Nehemiah Baldwin, who died in 1832; came to Michigan with her daughter, Mrs. Jeremiah Ayres, in 1841, and died at Romeo August 24, 1872. Dr. 0. E. Davis was born in Shelby Township in 1825; settled in Macomb Township as a practicing physician about forty years ago, and died there August 23, 1872. Mrs. Lydia Adams Buzzell died at the house of her son, Martin Buzzell, November 10, 1872, aged eighty-seven years. The lady was born in 1787, being the tirst white child born in the town of St. Johnsbury, Vt. She came to Romeo in 1831. Jeremiah Curtiss died in Shelby Township November 3, 1872, aged eighty years. He was born near Albany, N. Y., August 2. 1793; served in the war of 1812; married Mercy Ewell June 10, 1817; moved West in 1832 and settled in Shelby, where he lived continuously until his death. Aaron Stone died in Washington Township November 28, 1872, aged eighty-two years. He settled in Washington Township in 1820, and dwelt there until his decease. Isaac Moniore died April 28, 1871, in the sixty-eighth year of his age, at his resi- dence in the village of Disco. Mrs. Sue! Hovey, formerly Lucinda Holmes, was born at Derby, Vt., October 13. 1798; married Suel Hovey in January, 18i8, and, coming with her husband and family to Michigan in May, 1826, settled in Macomb County in June of that year. She died August 31, 1877. George Hovey, born in Genesee County, N. Y., in 1819, came to Michigan about 1829; was married in 1843, and deceased November 25, 1879. His death was sudden. Having left for the timber lands of Nathan Eldred, for the purpose of chopping logs, at an early hour, and not returning, his daughters induced some neighbors to go in search of him. Those searchers found him in the woods dead. Mrs. Ruth Thurston, wife of B. H. Thurston, died March 1, 1873. She was born in Madison, N. Y., in 1814. Suel Hovey. born at Lebanon. N. H., March 9, 1875, died at his residence, one mile north of Romeo, March 2. 1873. The deceased moved westward in advance of the civil - izers, and was from his boyhood a pioneer. After the war of 1812, he became acquainted with Lucinda Holmes, and married her January 25, 1818. John Wesley Shaw, born in Canada October 3, 1839, died at Romeo March 3, 1873. He was married to Maggie Overton April 17, 18<37. Miss Sophia Chamberlin, formerly of Romeo, died in Alabama December 2, 1872. James Starkweather was born October 26, 1801, at Norwich, Conn. He came to Michigan in September, 1824, and settled in the township of Washington; moved into Bruce in 182(5, and to Romeo in 1872, where he died February 10, 1873. Hannah Jliller, wife of Daniel Miller, died March 8, 1873. Her maiden name was Phillips. She was born at Rush, Mom-oe Co., N. Y., May 9, 1811. In 1833, she mai'ried Nicholas Wheeler, and with him moved to Chicago, 111. He dying in 1841 left her at liberty to marry Daniel Miller, October 9, 1843, with whom she came to Macomb County. William P. Washer, father of George Washer, died suddenly April 25, 1873. The deceased was born in Sussex County, N. J,, in 1801. ^1 ' ' ^^=4^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Mrs. William McKay died suddenly while attending a meeting at M. E. Church, June 8. 1873. at Komeo. George Wilson died in Washington Township July 17, 1873, aged eighty-six years. He visited Detroit in 1810. The sudden death of Mrs Charles Washburne, of Armada, was recorded August 18, 1873. Miss Elizabeth FaiTar, formerly of Romeo, died at Detroit August 24, 1873, aged seventy years. John S. Smith, father of Mrs. Samuel H. Ewell, was born at Galon, Monroe Co., N. Y., June 4, 1809; came to Michigan in February, 1832, and located near Tremble's mill, in Bruce, moving subsequently into Lapeer. He died August 22, 1873. Asa Jenner, of Ray Township, died September 3, 1873, at the age of seventy-foiu- years. He was born in New Jersey, and lived in Uay for over a quarter of a century. Mrs. Nancy Ewell died at Romeo September 4, 1873. She was born in Worcester County, Mass., March 15, 1781; married Samuel Ewell December 13, 1806. She came to Romeo with her husband in May, 1836. Abram T. Powell died September 9, 1873. He settled in Washiugton Township in 1827. James Maher died at Romeo September 7, 18(3. aged sisty-two yeai's. He was born in Oneida County, N. Y. John Reynolds, of Bruce, died September 10, 1873, aged seventy-six years. He was born in Ireland in 1797. John Campeau, one of the soldiers of the war of 1812, died at his home, in HaiTison Township, September 21, 1873, aged eighty-seven year.s. He was born at Detroit Jan- uary 9, 1786, and served in Mack's company of Michigan infantry in 1812. Peter Price, born at Rush. N. Y., January 16, 1806, settled in Washington Township in 1823, and died at Brousou, Branch Co., Mich., October 22, 1873. Dr. Caleb Carpenter died at St. Louis, Mich., October 19, 1873. He settled at Romeo in 1830, and resided there until he removed to Almont, in 1835. Mrs. Cynthia A. (Luman) Preston, born at Ridgeway, Orleans Co., N. Y., in 1826, settled in Macomb County in 1836; maiTied Luman Preston October 14, 1847: died No- vember 15, 1873. Valaria E. French, daughter of Harvey G. and Mary S. French, born in Lenox, Ma- comb Co.. Mich., July 18, 1842, died November 12, 1873, fi-om the efl'ects of poison ad- ministered by her own hand. The wife of Joel Thompson died December 30. 1873. Her request that she should uot be buried for a week after her death was comj)lied with. G. G. Deshon died at Utica December 27. 1873. He came to Michigan in 1831, accompanied by his brother, A. G. , and the Hon. H. P. Baldwin, both shoemakers. Edmund Thompson, an old resident of Armada, died February 3, 1874, aged sixty- nine years. He was born in Cayuga County. N. Y. He was a soldier in the late war. John Townsend died January 5. 1874. He was born in Greene County, N. Y. . July, 1793; came to Washington in 1832 and4ocated lands in Bruce Township. Van R. Ames, of Romeo, died January 10, 1874. aged thirty-seven years, thirty-three years of which were passed in that village. Mrs. Mercy Curtiss, born at Norwich. Mass., September 20. 1798, died at Shelby, Macomb Countv, Jauuarv 8. 1874, aged seveutv-six years. She was an immigrant of 1832, E. W. True died at Armada January 18, 1874. He was born at Durham, Me., Octo- ber 4, 1806; came to Michigan in 1845, and located at Armada in 1848. :^ HISTORY OP MACOMB COUNTY. liL Thomas C. Oolles. formerly a resident of Ray Center, died at St. Louis. Mo.. Jan- nary 21, 1874. John Garvin, boru at Hartwick, Vt., in 1789, came to Michigan in 1833. and died at his home, in Washington Township, April 23, 1874. Harriet Stanton died at the residence of her son, El)er Deuison, Osford, A])ril 20. 1874. in her seventy-fifth year. Manilla L. Freeman, aged foi'ty years, died May 1, 1874. She was an old resident of Washington Townshi}}. Mi's. Raymond died June 12, 1874. She came to Romeo in 1838, and made it her home. Mrs. Margaret A. Foe, aged sixty-sis years, died at Armada June 22, 1874. Darius Sessions died at his residence. Armada, June 30, 1674. He lived in the township for forty-eight years. He was born May 8. 1804, a native of Tolland County, Vt. George Bowerman, an old settler of Washington Township, died February 3, 1875. David Greene died February 18, 1875. He was born at Berlin. Rensselaer Co.. N. Y. . in 1808, and settled in Michigan in 1845. Albert Finch, the senior member of the Finch family, was borji in Dutchess County, N. Y., in 1775. In 1800, he moved to Ontario County, where he located near the families of Bailey and Gates, whose names are so closely interwoven with the history of Romeo. In 1823-24, he located at Indian Village, near or on the site of the fair-grounds. The family was progressing, when their son. Alanson, was reported missing. From that moment, sorrow and despair seem to hold possession of the household, until the father and mother of the lost child were relieved of their sorrows by the grave. The sub-chief, Kanobe. was always looked upon liy these pioneers as the principal agent in the abduction. Isaac Taft. one of the pioneers of Bruce, died March 18, 1875, aged seventy years. Hugh Morton, a prominent member of the Union Farmers' Club, died in March, 1875. ilrs. Mary S. Johnson died March lU, 1875. aged sixty-five years. Mrs. John Orr, formerly Mrs. Weldon, died March 21, 1875, aged seventy-two years. She came from New York State at an early date, and was among the first settlers of Rich- mond. Joseph A. Holland died at Romeo A])ri] 23. 1875. He was born in Washington Township November 3, 1828. Mrs. George D. Hovey died April 26. 1878, aged about sixty years. Mrs. Phcebe Sikes, formerly a resident of Macomb, died at TaV)le Grove. Fulton Co.. 111., May 1. 1875. Hiram Calkins died at Imlay City June 4, 1875, aged eighty-three years. His re- mains were inten-ed at Mt. Vernon. Macoml.) County. Mrs. Castor died at Richmond June 19, 1 875. Mrs. Larzalier died at Lakeville June 30, 1875. T. L. Saokett. Judge of Probate, died at Mt. Clemens in July. 1875. Dr. Lewis Berlin, formerly of Romeo, died July 18. 1875. Mrs. Elizabeth Thorington died July 25. 1875, in her thirty-ninth year. She was the daughter of Christian and Sarah Cole. Jeremiah Jewell, of Ray. died September 29, 1875. aged seventy-two years. He came to Michigan in 1831 and located in Ray Township. Mrs. W. J. French, Mrs. Henry Thurston and Mrs. George Parmelee died in Octo- ber. 1875. Thomas Axford died near Disco November 24, 1875. Austin Day. of Macomb County, died at Utica, N. Y.. Februaiy 21. 1876. Azariah W. Sterling died at his home in Washington Township February 27, 1876, L^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ajed sevanfcy-nin? years. He was bira at Saybrook. Cjnn. In 1831. he settled in Wash- ington Township. George D. Saudford died at Romeo March 18, 1876. aged tifty-three years. He served in the war of 1861-65, and afterward in the Western Territories, against the In- dians. Mrs. Mason Cole, formerly Miss Charity Gamble, died May 24, 1876. aged tifty-four years. Albert Edgett died March 16, 1876. aged seveuty-one years. He lived two miles northeast of Romeo, in Bruce Township, since 1826. James Hosner died in July, 1876. He settled in Washington Township at an early day. Sylvester Seeley was born in New York, in June 18, 1807; learned the trade of carpenter in Niagara County: removed to Macomb in 1881, and settled on land on Section 19. now owned by J. S. Warner. Mr. Seeley worked at his trade and at farming in the county, except two years, u[) to the time of his death, which occurred March 27, 1878; married. September 16, 1827, to Julia, oldest child of Joseph Thurston, a native of Vermont, born January 11, 1808; three children, one of whom is living. Mr. Seeley was an active man in all that pertains to the new settlement. The mother still lives in .irmada Village. Moses Freeman, son of Joseph Freeman, of Berkshire, Vt. . was born May 4, 1801; married Ann Powell August 2. 1829. and had four children; removed to Armada Town- ship in 1824. and was one of the first to locate land in Armada Township, which was a part of Section 31, now owned by Abuer Lemon. Mr. Freeman was a military man. hav- ing held foiu- commissions of militia, all signed by Stevens T. Mason — Lieutenant, Cap- tain. Major and Colonel. He was an energetic and busy man to the time of his death, which took place October 4, 1871. The wife died June 17. 1871. Beekman Chamberlin was born in Canada June 20, 1793; arrived in Macomb County in 1834: took up and cleared 160 acres of land, and spent most of his life in the county; married Malinda Adams, a native of Ontario County, N. Y. , and had ten children, seven of whom are still living. She died on the homestead in 1875. Mr. Chamberlin died in 1870: served in the war of 1812 a short time. William Young, a native of New Jersey, born in 1801. married Zobida Masters, of same place; removed to Macomb in 1833. and lived twenty years in Bruce Township, then in Washington six years, then to Armada Village, where he died October Iti, 1863. His wife died eight days previously. He was a blacksmith in each place mentioned. Timothy Adams, son of Isaac Adams, was born in Ontario County, N. Y., in 1813. His father and mother were natives of Massachusetts. He settled in Ai-mada. Section 12. in the year 1842, on a fai'm which he cleared up and made his home till the time of his death. September 19. 1865. He married, in 1842, Betsey, daughter of Justus Grant, a native of Vermont, and had eight childi-en. one of whom sitrvives. Mi's. Adams lives upon the homestead. Her father was a survivor of the war of 1812. Roswell Webster, a native of Connecticut, came to Macomb in 1825, and took ninety- six acres in Washington, now lying in the village of Romeo; had six childi'en, and was a soldier in the war of 1812: was wouuded-at the battle of Fort Erie, and received a pension: died at his home in Romeo. Joseph Goodin was born in Bloomtield, N. Y. ; was a pensioner of the war of 1812; came with his father to Romeo in 1830: bought a tract of land in Bruce, upon which both father and son died. They were masons by trade, and had miVch to do with the building in the earlier days of Romeo. Warren Tibbits, familiarly known as "Squire Tibbits,"was born in Vermont in 1802; moved while a child to Canada, and remained till 1837; he then removed to Armada liL HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Township, where he lived till shortly before his death, when he removed to the village, and died Deceiulier '-*4, ISfil. His death was the result of disease of the heart, and was very sudden. His wife, Polly Hart, died January '2.2, 1S75, at the age of seventy-live years. Ml'. Tibbits was a successful school-teacher in Canada, and a faithful officer in the town- ship many years. Ira Spencer, one of the oldest settlers of Armada, died February (5, 1876, aged eighty- foui- years. He came into the couaty at an early day, and was well known as a Univer- salist preacher. He said. " I was born a Democrat, and by the grace of God, I shall die a Democrat. " Mrs. WilliaiQ Crittenden died April 4. 187t), from injuries received in an ettbrt to subdue the flames which destroyed her house that morning. Isaac Brabb died at Romeo April 13. 1S7Q, aged eighty- one years. He was one of the old settlers of Macomb. Nathan G. Bates died at his home in Washington Township April S, 187(5, aged forty years. Mrs. Maria Maynard Spaalding died June 6, 1S76, aged fifty-one years. Mi-s. Aratus Smith died June 9, 1876, at Reading, Mich. , and her remains brought to Romeo for burial. Mrs. Anna Wilcox died Jiily 7, 1876, iu her eighty-second year. She came to Mich- igan in 1831, and settled in Washington Township. Duncan Gass, aged seventy-eight years, died August 1, 1876. at his home iu Ray Township. He was one of the early settlers of that township. Mrs. Frances Curtiss Smith, wife of Caivin Smith, died August 18, 1876, at her home in Armada. Henry Lawrence died August 16, 1876, in his forty-foui'th year. Marvel Shaw, one of the pioneers of Macomb County, died September 17, 1876. He settled at Romeo in 1830. Ai-galius Streeter died in Bruce October 18, 1876. Mi-s. Stitt. wife of Dr. Stitt. died at Romeo in June. 1876. Giles Hubl)ard died suddenly November 6. 1876. aged fifty-three years. He was one of the old settlers of Mt. Clemens, and a leading lawyer of the State. J. Banghart, an old settler of Macomb, died at Romeo November 5, 1876. Oratus Hulett. aged seventy-seven years, died at Armada Septemder 25. 1876. E. R. Bentley, of Armada, died November 18, 1876. Jonas Crissman died at his residence December 15, 1876. aged ninety-one years. He was one o' the pioneers of Macomb. Mrs. Diadema Crippen died January 16, 1877, in her eighty-ninth year. She was born in Washington County, N. Y., September '20, 1783. Frances Day, wife of Porter M. Lathrop. died January "J. 1877. She was born at Dryden March 5. 1838, and was the daughter of John W. Day. one of the first settlers of that town. David Mansfield died January 20. 1S77, in his seventy-seventh year. He was among the first settlers of Memphis in 1836. Mrs. Lydia Rix, wife of Oel Rix, settled at Memphis in 1840; died January 4, 1877, aged sixty-two years. Mrs. Mary E. Kingsbury died March 11, 1S77. She was an old resilient of Disco. Mrs. Marv Ann Gilliert died March 18, 1877, aged seventy-five vears. Her husband, L. S. Gilbert, "died in 1.S67. Mrs. C. M. Palmer, formerly of Romeo, died at San Francisco, Cal.. March 12, 1877. aged forty- two years. nv .^ HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Mrs. Elizabeth Stone died at Richmond in Febrnaiy, 1S78. aged eighty-six years. Mrs. Smith, mother of H. O. and G. S. Smith, of Macomb County, died at Madison. Ind., Febnxary 6, 1878, in her ninety-second year. Rev. Daniel J. Poor, formerly pastor of the Congregational Church in Foxboro, and teacher of the schools at Romeo, died at Lexington, 111., Januaiy 29, 1878. Mrs. Mariah Donaldson, wife of Joseph Donaldson, died at the residence of her niece, in Detroit. November 14, 1877. Mrs. Donaldson was qnite well known in Macomb County, having resided for a number of years in Romeo. She ha I reached the extreme age of sev- enty years. Her remains were taken to Marshall for burial. Mrs. Palethorpe died November 27. 1877. The wife of Mr. Wilkes L. Stuart, of Newaygo, in this State, died November 29, 1877. Mrs. Stuart was the last sm-viving sister of Mr. Cyrus Hopkins, of this place, and will be remembered by many of the older residents of this section as having been a resident of Romeo in its early days, settling here in 1825. She was seventy-three years of age at the time of her death. Arnold P. Sykes, brother of A. J. Sykes, of Macomb County, died at Saginaw Decem- ber 14, 1877. He served in the United States Navy for thi-ee years. Frisbie Spencer died in January, 1878, at Detroit, on his way home from California, where he had been for his health. James Reside died in California in January, 1878. - Mi-s. Josephine B. Stansbury, widow of the late Edwin A. Stansbury, died at the residence of Hon. A. B. Maynai'd in June, 1878. Greorge Scott, an old resident of Mt. Clemens, eighty-four years of age, died Septem- ber 9, 1878. Almon D. Manley died fi'om brain disease, at Romeo, on the 10th of September, 1878. He was the only son of Mr. and Mi-s. J. W. Manley; was born in Macomb Township Au- gust 4, 1844; his parents were among the oldest settlers of Shelby Township. He was an inventor, and much of his machinery is now in practical use. Mrs. Taylor, wife of Thomas Taylor, died at her home in the town of Bruce Septem- ber 30, 1878. She was sixty-seven years of age. Mrs. Mary Brooks died September 30, 1878, aged seventy years; wife of E. Brooks, of Armada. * Elisha Briggs died at his residence in Davis. October 7, 187N, after a long and pain- ful illness, aged fifty. Mrs. Caroline Hartung, mother of Greorge Hartung, died October 20, 1878. Mrs. Hartung was seventy-eight j^ears of age, and the mother of twelve childi-en, nine of whom survive. Cyrus Hopkins died November 10, 1878, aged seventy-six years. He was born in Ontario County, N. Y., in 1802. He came to Michigan in 1830, and, with the exception of some two years, has been a resident of Romeo since that time. Previous to the build- ing of the new Congi-egational Church, he was for more than thirty years the sexton. Joseph Sikes, who died at his residence two miles south of Romeo, November 5, lS7iS, had owned and lived on the same farm-for thirty-seven years — along period for the West. He was well known to the )ieo]5le as a most industrious, honorable, enterprising and successful farmer. Miss Adelia M. Miller, born at Warsaw. N. Y.. April 18, 1820, settled with her i)ar- ents in Washington Township in June, 1822; died December 11, 1878. Mrs. Grilbert Conklin died December 3. 1878, aged sixty-eight years. She dwelt in the neighborhood of Mt. Vernon. Macoml) County, for a period extending over forty years. "Tt^- V :±=^iL HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Mrs. Kimball, mother of Mrs. W. Coykendall, died at the latter's residence December 1, 1878. The deceased was quite aged, being about eighty-three. Col. John Stockton, of Mt. Clemens, a pioneer of Macomb, and one of the early states- men of Michigan, died November 26, 1878. Charles Moser died at Mt. Clemens February 2(). 1878. Albert Ely Leete was born in Stamford, Dutchess Co., N. Y., July 1. 1802, and died at Romeo. Mich.. February 24, 1878. He was the seventh generation and lineal descend- ant of William Leete. who came to this country from England in lfi;^9, as Governor of the Colony of New Haven. After the consolidation of New Haven and Connecticut Colo- nies under the name of Connecticut, in 1G65, Gov. Leete was chosen as Governor of the two united colonies, and held that honorable and responsible place till his death, in IfiSS. Dr. Leete" s mother. Clarinda Gal^, was also descended from one of the old and reputable families of Connecticut. Dr. Leete was married, March 17, 1831, in Palenville, N. Y. , to Miss Catherine Palen. Seven chikhen — four sons and three daughters — are the fruit of this marriage. Two sons have died — one at the age of two and a half years, the other in military service in 18()4. Mrs. Leete. two sons and three daughters, siu'vive to mourn his loss. George Washer died suddenlv April 8, 1878, for many years a celebrated auctioneer. Mrs. Beagle, widow of Charles Beagle, died April 20, 1878. Mrs. Elizabeth Morrison died in Shelby April 24, 1878, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The first house of worship was the Catholic Church, erected a short time previous to 1795, on the south bank of the Huron, four miles distant from Mt. Clemens. The first Baptist house of worship was built in 1843. Two years previously, the Presbyterians erected their ehiu'ch at Mt. Clemens. Frani;ois Tremble left the mouth of the Huron for the north, was stabbed by the Sag- inaws, and. in an effort to retm-n to his home, was lost in Lake Hm'on, 1792. Onabouse, a fierce Otchipwe, was made captive near Mt. Clemens in 1806, taken to Detroit, convicted of many murders, and hanged. Louis Cam[)eau and Jacob Smith passed some months in this county in ISll, trading with the Indians. The Boyer faniily, made captive near Mt. Clemens during the war ot 1812, were res- cued by Jacob Smith from their brutal jailors at the great camp of Saginaw. The village of Mt. Clemens was named by Gen. Macomb long before its incorpora- tion, in honor of the pioneer. Christian Clemens. Macomb County was named at the suggestion of Christian Clemens in 1818, in recog- nition of Gen. Macomb's services to Michigan and the "Union. The first fi'ame sti'uctm-e in the county was raised in 1817 for John Stockton. It was an addition to the log house in which Judge Clemens dwelt, the attachment to his house being accounted for by the conciliating fact that immediately prior to its building Col. Stockton maiTied Mile. Allen, the Judge's step-daughter. The sqviatters on the lands in Macomb County were summoned to Detroit in 1808-10 to prove their occupancy of claims previous to 1796. Macomb CoTinty was organized in 1818. The Black Day rose over the county November 8, 1819. Kiskako, of Saginaw, the terror of Macomb, committed suicide at Detroit in 18'J5. In 1830. the Indians of the Clinton River entered on a Western movement. In 1837, an Indian of the Riley band, was killed by a falling tree. After months of searching, the body of the savage was found. In 1837-3,8, small-pox decimated the lodges of the Indians. In 1836, the Bank of Macomb received a charter fi-om the Legislature. Under the law of 1837, the State Banking law was passed, when Representative Monfore, of Macomb, was one of the four members who opposed the dangerous law. A bill of complaint was filed for violation of law against the Hm'on River Bank, I^raying for injunction and appointment of Receiver. The prayer was gi-anted by the Commissioners. Digby Y. Bell, writing December 30, 1839, states: '"The Macomb County Bank, it is said, has not closed its doors, and the amount of its circulation is very limited and trifling, which they redeem on presentation." Of the 1.060 muskets received by the military authorities of the Territory of Mi_ihi- gan, from Lieut. J. Howard, of the United States Army, in May and June, 1S32. only 450 stand could be found in 1839, of which number fifty were in the armory or distributed among the people of Mt. Clemens The aboriginal inhabitants of Macomb left their land forever in 1838. Anthony Wells, of Memphis, a pioneer, was killed by his horse in 1841. The Methodist Episcopal Society erected a church at Mt. Clemens in 1841. Mrs. Hoag was killed about the year 1850 by the splinters of a boiler which exploded in the Hoag saw -mi 11. Rev. Mr. Case, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Detroit, was the first minister of the Protestant denomination who visited Macomb County, coming into the Tucker set- tlement in 1807. ^ 3 J !K The First German Evangelical Chxirch building was constructed in 1860. The Macomb Democrat was first issued at Mt. Clemens November 5, 1835. Abraham Donaldson was crushed to death by a falling tree, April, 1838. Harry Day. a son of Erastus Dav. aged about three years, was drowned in a well May 27, 1844. The first copy of the Romeo Argus was issued May 10. 1857. Among the first cor- respondents was J. E. Day, of Armada, who says: "After an interval of six years' press- less silence, we are rejoiced with the prospect that the village of Romeo will soon be her- alded by a weekly journal."' In July, 1863, Col. Farrar, of Mt. Clemens, was in command of a division of the troops ordered out to suppress the anti-draft riots in New York. The tournament and celebration at Mt. Clemens, July 3 and 4, l'S'68, was participated in by over 5,000 people. A meteor passed over the county November 1, 1857. The visiting comet was seen June 30, 1861. The trains ran over the Grand Trunk Railroad, through Macomb County, in 1859. The Mt. Clemens Press was established under the name Macomb Conserrative Press in the year 1864. Spencer B. Russell assumed control of the joiu-nal May 1, 1873, and has published it since that time. Lewis M. Miller iuaugm-ated the Mt. Clemens Reporter in 1873. The Investigator was first published at Romeo in December, 1850. The first number of the Romeo Observer was issued May 3, 1866, J. Rnssell, editor and publisher. An old lady living within four miles of Romeo settled in the county at a very early day, j'et visited Indian Village only once in thirty years, this visit being i)aid in the year 1844. Charles Bentley, son of Samuel Bentley, aged fourteen years, left home April 8, 1866, and was not heard of for some time. The citizens of Utica held a meeting June 2, 1866, for the purpose of raatiu-ing plans for the construction of a railroad from Detroit to their village. The German Lutheran Church, of W'aldenbiu-g, was dedicated June 24^ 1866. The stoi-m of June 14, 1866, resulted in the loss of 500 sheep in the northern towns of Macomb, together with the numerous losses to persons and property. A son of Mr. Geno, residing fom- miles southeast of Brooklyn, was accidentally shot by a bo}' named Ellis July 5. 1866. In July, 1866, Col. William Wilkinson received from the military department his commi-ssion as Brevet Colonel United States Volunteers, for distinguished services during the war. Freedom Mom-oe, of Romeo, patented a land-leveler, invented by him, April 17, 1866. The squirrel-hunting match between Washington and Ray came oft' September 2, 1866. The whole number of squirrels killed was 1,680. Ray claimed 180 squirrels over their antagonists. The Bottomley hoop-skirt factory was inaugurated at Romeo in Sei)tember, 1866. Pearsall's stage, running between Ridgeway and Romeo, was upset September 10, 1866, and each of the nine passengers injured. A barn owned by the Widow Pierce, of Washington Township, was destroyod by fire September 11, 1866. The day previous, the dwelling-house of Richard Jersey, two miles east of Romeo, was j^artially destroyed by fire. The Boys in Blue signed a declaration of unswerving fidelity to the Union, and reiter- ated their credo, " no rebel bread and butter in our haversacks," September 15. 1866. The great addi-ess to the followers of the Republican party of Macomb was issued in September, 1866, signed by Edgai- Weeks, Irving D. Hanscom and T. M. Wilson. Jt^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The Washington and Ray Wolverine Sporting Chib met September '22, 1866, when 4,265 squirrels were killed, of which number the \\"ashiiigtoniaas killed 2. 14-U, and the boys of Ray, 2.116. The Soldiers" Convention was held at Brooklyn in October. 1 S66. The Johnsonian policy of reconstruction created some excitement thioughout Macomb County in September and October, 1866.' George Cameron and Barton Bromley broke jail at Mt. Clemens November 5, 1866. Charles G. Tinsman, of Washington Township, husked 122 biishels of coin in the ear out of the shock within ten hoiu's, in November, 186(i. In November. 1866, Col. \\'illiam Wilkinson entered a suit for $10,000 damages against Ira 8. Pearsall, on account of injuries received while traveling in a stage coach owned by the defendant. The plaintitf employed A. B. Maynard and E. F. Mead as at- torneys. A child of William H. Brabb was rescued from a terrible death by bmming. owing to the timely arrival of his mother, November 18, 1866. The stage-drivers between Romeo and Almont and Romeo and Ridgeway, in 1866, were called dniukards. William McBride attempted suicide within the State prison December U, 1866. The annual meeting of the ]\racoml3 County Agi'icultiu-al Society was held at the house of Stephen H. Davis, at Brooklyn. December 13, 1866. Dwight R. Andrus, son of Loren Andrus, of Washington Township, was accidentally shot at Central City, Colo., in November, 1866. The wounds were not fatal. The poisoning of the Culver family at Ripon, Wis., was recorded December 25, 1866. The Culvers were formerly citizens of Washington Township. Daniel B. Briggs, of Romeo, was appointed Clerk to the House Judiciary Committee, in January, 1867. The Young Men's Association of Romeo was organized January 16, 1867. George W. Powell, a youth of nineteen years, hanged himself February 13, 1867. Degree Temple, Independent Order of Good Templars, was organized at Romeo March 2, 1867. A man named Armstrong, employed by Ignaee Morass, attempted to cut his throat February 24. 1867, which act his employer prevented. Two days later, however, he svic- ceeded in drowning himself. Henry Seals was ch-iving a, team, loaded with hay, past the Rice farm, February 25, 1867. when the wagon glided from the slippery highway into the ditch, overturning th« load and bmying his wife and infant child, who were seated on the hay, beneath it. The infant was drowned, while the mother bai-ely escaped a similar death. Major Heciw Howgate, who succeeded Capt. William Hulsart as Postmaster at Ro- meo, was superseded by Col. William Wilkinson, in March, 1867. A horse thirty-two years old was shot by the owner, Nathan Rowley, of Armada, in March. 1867. An infant child of Charles Howland received a feed of blue vitriol from its little sister, and died March Ki, 1867. The $10,000 action for damages entered by Col. Wilkinson versus Ira Pearsall was settled amicably in April, 1867, by a pajTneut of $1,000 and a free pass over the stage line for life by the latter. F. Pole, a stranger in Macomb County, was drowned in Cusiek Lake, April 29, 1867. A lodge of Crood Templai-s was organized at Washington Village Ai)ril 30. 186/. The Good Templars' Convention was held at Armada. May 14 and 15. 1867. A German named Hartwig was accidentally killed at Clifton May 2, 1867. / HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. A son of Thomas Oliver fell into the Clinton River at Mt. Clemens, May 23, 1S67, and was drovpned. A man named Carley shot an adversary named McCall near Memphis, May 21, 1807. Death was instantaneous. A Good Templars Lodge was formed in Macomb Township, May 23, 18(37. The Robinson tract, near Mt. Clemens, was sold September 20, 18(37, the lands bring- ing from SjioO to 1125 per acre. James Benjamin, an old resident of Romeo, was killed at Dryden, Lapeer County, September 12, 18(37. by a fall from a church steeple to the roof of the building. The barn of Sanford Corbiu, the house of B. B. Redtield and that of J. J. Bentley were all damaged by lightning diu'ing the storm of October 2, 18(37. The county ])oor house was destroyed by lire October 22, 1867. The Phelps House, one of the oldest buildings at Mt. Clemens, was totally destroyed December 11. 1867. It was built by Alfred Ashley in 1822, as a hotel, for which purpose it was used up to the date of its destruction. James Weightman, a soldier in the war for the Union, and a printer at Romeo, died February 13, 1868. Freedom Alonroe ofl'ered to the Grand Truuk Railroad, of Michigan, March, 1868, the model of his patent bridge, provided such comj)auy would adopt this system of bridge- building on the new railroad. William McRoy committed suicide by hanging himself, April 30, 18(38. Mrs. Robert Ramsey, living near Richmond, was fouud drowned in Belle River, May y. 18(58. The Grand Army of the Republic was organized at Romeo, May 9, 1868. with Col. Wilkinson, Commander. William Manchester, of Richmond, a boy nine years old, was killed May 17, 18(38, by a failing tree. The Romeo brass band was organized July 16, 1868. The fifth annual meeting of the Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company, of Ma- comb and St. Clair, was held at Richmond Jtme U, 1868. A fire at Armada, July 28. 1868, destroyed the E. F. Sibley building. ^Villiam B. Sutton committed suicide at Brooklyn August 22, 1868. A large brick building being erected for Dr. J. S. Smith and Capt. Hiram Barrows fell in September 19, 1868. Dr. Smith was killed and Marion Grout injured. The first charter election of Armada Village took place January 14, 1868. Albert Weightman. son of William Weightman. of Romeo, was drowned in Cusiek Lake, November 13. 1868. Charles Phillips shot one of his employes, named Robert Wirtz, in December, 1868. The wound was slight. A street preacher by the name of Clemens was arrested in Toledo in January, 1869. The following is the charge against him: '"One Alfred C. Clemens did unlawfully make a gi-eat noise, outcry and clamor, to the annoyance and disturbance of divers good and ]ieac(urj)oes of organ- izing a society. James Shingleton, formerly a resident of Romeo, was killed at Clinton, lovra, August 21, 1871, owing to the caving-in of a stone quarry. He came to the United States in 18()1, and located with his uncle in Ray Township. The Michigan Baptist Association held an anniversary meeting at Romeo September 19 and 20, 1871. Mellen, Tackels & Co. began operating the steam mill for grist work and iiouriug in September, 1871, at Clifton. The subscrijjtion books of the Northern Michigan Railroad Company were opened at the office of C. F. Mallary. of Romeo, in September, 1871. The Macomb County Agricultural Society held the annual fair at Romeo, September 22, 1871. The modern tire departiuent of Romeo was organized in 1871. The foiu-th annual session of the Romeo District Sunday School Institute was held at Mt. Clemens October 24 and 25, 1871. During that month of tires, October, 1871, a few houses were destroyed near Ridge- way. A sum of Si, 500 was raised in Romeo in aid of th- fire sufferers in October, 1871. The first agricultural exhibition of the Armada Farmers' and Mechanics' Club was held October 19, iS71, at Ai-mada. Charles Mignault, of Mt. Clemens, was lost in the wreck of the steamer Coburn, on Lake Huron, October. 1871. David Moore, of Warren Tovynship, shot himself September 28, 1871. The Rosa D'Erina concerts, and the Laura Cuppy Smith lectures, were the principal entertainments given in the village of Romeo in November, 1871. Miss Smith's lecture on Spiritualism was disturbed by members of the orthodox chiu'ches. •c^ls r- ~n 9 nT t HISTORY OF MACOMB COL'NTY. Gilbert L. Hathaway willed $15,000 to the village of New Baltimore, to be applied on the building of a nnion school, in November. 1871. The Romeo Musical Union was organized November 25, 1871, with Watson Loud, President: H. O. Smith. Vice President; G. D. Mussey, Secretary; and L. G. Norton, Conductor. The council of the Christian churches of the E. C. C. of Michigan met at Romeo Decemlier 27, 1871. Dr. J. G. Holland delivered a lectiii'e at Tlomeo January 15. 1872. In JanuaiT. 1872, there was but one criminal in the county jail. January, 1872. was something similar to January, 1882. Little or no snow fell until the 15th of that month. The Eastern Convocation of the Episcopal Church of the Diocese of Michigan was held at Romeo in January, 1872. George Francis Train came to lecture the Romeans March 4, 1872. The charter election of officers for the village of Romeo took place March 5. 1872. The dwelling house of James Jones, Macomb Township, was totally destroyed by fire February 27, 1872. The contract for building the new Methodist Episcopal Church of Romeo was granted to J. C. Kanmeir. of Adrian, at $27,465, in February, 1872. Frederickia Meitz, a young girl in the employ of the Ulrichs, of Mt. Clemens, com- mitted suicide, March 21. 1872. by taking strychnine. A large number of Macomb County citizens visited Detroit. April 9, 1872. to par ticipate in the ceremony of unveiling the soldiers' monument. John W. Cowles, a resident of Romeo, lost his life, April 3. 1872, while braking on the Marquette & Iron Mountain Railroad. A verdict for $10,000 in favor of James Starkweather, in his suit against the Balti more & Ohio Railroad Company, was recorded April 13, 1872. The cause rested on the fact that Mrs. Starkweather died from the result of injuries received November 18. 1868, through the negligence of the company's servants. The Liberal Chi'istian Union Society was organized at Romeo in April. 1872. An accident on the Grand Tnmk Railroad, April 21, 1872, between Ridgeway and Smith's Creek, resulted in the death of two men. A county convention was held at Mt. Clemens May 2, 1872. The corner-stone of the Arbeiter Hall, Mt. Clemens, was laid May 20, 1872. Decoration Day of 1872 was observed at Armada. During the spring of 1872, a few eases of smallpox were reported throughout the county. The annual convention of members of Macomb County Sunday School was held at Mt. Vernon June 4, 1872. The dedication of the Union Church at Ray took place June 27, 1872. Benjamin C. Gunn, Collector of Internal Revenue in this county, was tried, in June, 1872, for neglecting to account for public moneys said to have been received by him. Two judgments were rendered against him — one for $5,'J18.03. and one for $1,601.32. Joseph Chubb was appointed a member of the State Central Prohibition Committee June 12, 1872. Asahel Bailey and John Holland, of Romeo, were born in the same State, in the same county, on the same day and month, and both came to Michigan about the same time. ^Ii'. Bailey was the first settler in the town of Bruce. For some years prior to 1872, the two friends were accustomed to visit each other on their birthday. In 1860, Bailey visited Holland, and, upon leaving, said, "It will be your turn to visit me nest year." At the •<* i apjiointed time, Holland went to the Bailey house, but it was to attend the funeral of his life-long friend. Incendiaries set fire to the house and barn of Joseph Marshall, at the Corners, two miles north of Romeo, June 29, 1872. The suit of Joseph E. Young, of Chicago, to recover $25,000 on account of railroad aid bonds, gi'anted by the township of Washington, was discontinued in June, 1872. The corner-stone of the Met.hodist E[)iscopal Church of Romeo was laid July 8u, 1872. The son of Rev. J. S. Smart, of Romeo, was drowned in Procter's mill pond June 1"), 1872. The officers of the E[)iscopal society of Rom9o wei-e appointed by Rev. A. M. Lewis July 3, 1872. An attempt to kill Dr. William Brownell, of Utica, was made by Lewis C. Butler, June 24, 1872. The would-be murderer is a native of Troy, Oakland County. Harry Warrington, of Sterling, died while under the influence of strong drink, at Mt. Clemens, November 21, 1872. Marshal D. Ewell, formerly of Romeo, was elected Judge of Probate for Mason County, Mich. . November, 1872. ' The Agricultural and Mechanical Union was organized at Memphis in December, 1872. Mrs. Pamelia Lamphere, of Ridgeway, was accidentally shot by her daughter in Sep- tember, 1872. The Detroit & Bay City Railroad was opened for regular traffic ou October 7. 1872, between Detroit and Rochester. The horse disease made its aitpearance in Macomb in November, 1872. Lentz's brewery, at Mt. Clemens, was burned December 31, 1872. 1873. — The heaviest snow-storm that passed over Michigan within the last half-cen- tury was that of January 23 and 24, 1873. The electric wire was laid between Romeo and Ridgeway January 31, 1873. The lirst message was one from the })eople of Ridgeway to those of Romeo, sent by F. Walker, H. Berlatotte, and William J. Elliott. The second was Romeo's reply, sent 'by Thomas Robb, P. H. Casey and Eugene Sovereen. A shocking accident, resulting from the careless use of gunpowder, happened near Mt. Clemens July 28, 1873. Five little boys — Charlie Drake, Earnest Rottman, George Ormsby, Joseish Dahm and Reuben Ullrich — went up the river in a boat to a point just the other side of the Frederick bridge. On the bank of the river they built a lire, and for some reason they tried to pour a quantity of gunpowder from a flask into the fire. As a natural consequence, an explosion of all the powder in the flask was the i-esult. Char- lie Drake and Earnest Rottman were severely burned on the hands and face. Young Rottman was so crazed by the pain that he jumped into the river. A double-barreled pis tol in the hands of George Ormsby exploded at the same time, lodging three shot in the boy's leg. not inflicting any very serious injury, however. The other two boys were un- hurt, Reuben Ullrich being in the boat at the time. On their way home, they were over- taken by Dr. Hayward, who brought young Drake and Rottman home with him and dressed their wounds. So recently as April, 1873, wrestling bouts were common in the stores of Romeo. The citizens of Mt. Clemens subscribed $25,000 toward the establishment of a na- tional bank there in April, 1873. The result of the elections of April, 1873, in this county, was3,U52 votes for Chris- tiancy; the Democratic majority for Regents of the State University, 171; and for S. B. Russell as Superintendent of Schools, 233 majority. The brick work and roof of the M. E. Church of Romeo were finished April 22, 1873. k^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The Mt. Clemens Pre.-is re-appeared May 1, 1873, with S. B. Russell as editor. Aeeordiug to the Mt. Clemens Monitor, Romeo struggled to become the great fashion center of the United States in the spring of 1S73. The Masonic Hall at Brooklyn was biu'ned May 14, 1873. The United States Collector's office for the Fifth Michigan District was removed to Romeo in May, 1873, and opened at that place, under Maj. C. P. Dake, on May 2(). The case of Keeler versus Robertson was carried before the Supreme Court of the State June 18, 1873. The Mt. Clemens Bath House was opened to the juiblic July 10, 1873. The body of Robert A. Barton, of Erin, was found in Lake St. Clair July 13, 1873. The wool-buying season closed at Romeo in August, 1873, when a total of 211, "jOO pounds of wool was reported. The steamer Emma Dwyer was launched at Mt. Clemens August 23, 1873. The body of a man supposed to be John Miller, of Royal Oak, was found in the woods of Warren Township August 21, 1873. The Cxerman fanners of \\*ayne and Macomb Counties met at Mt. Clemens October 30, 1873, for the purpose of organizing a German Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Asso- ciation. The twenty-fourth annual fair of the Macomb County Agricultiu'al Society was held at Romeo in September, 1873. The first fair of the Armada Agricultural Society was held at Armada October S, 9 and 10, 1873. A Grand Trunk Railroad accident, near Mt. Clemens, October 28, 1873, resulted in the death of fifty hogs. None of the managers of that railroad were among the deceased. While the railroad train was making its down trip, July 18, 1872, nine horses came on the track about a mile east of Arjnada, and, in spite of the screaming engine, that threatened them with a speedy death if they didn't get off the track, they insisted on a trial of speed as far as Armada. The race was very even and quite exciting, but. when the horses came to the bridge near Armada Station, one of the luckless racers fell through and hung to the timbers. The engineer had anticipated this, and stopped the train in time to save the horse's life. The train hands and passengers rolled them on their sides and slid them off the bridge with no other damage than a few slight bruises. The horses belonged to R. Bailey. A party of citizens, comprising Edgar Weeks, H. W. Babcock, George Crocker, Dan iel C. Tilden, Frank Tucker, Brown, left the village June 4, 1873, in pm-suit of the sail-boat Belle, which was stolen the previous night. The lioat had reached mid-channel when one of those hurricanes jieculiar to the Lake and River St. Clair sprang up, capsiz- ing the craft one-half mile south of the Detroit Club House. The affair was witnessed from that house by a boy named George Warner, who pushed off" in a small skiff to the rescue of the men. Warner reached the wreck, when Tilden and Crocker got into the little boat, while Babcock held on to the stern, and the gallant boy pulled for the light-house where he landed the trio. The propeller Mary Jarecki sent out a boat to the rescue of the others, on which Weeks and TuQker embarked. Brown, the owner of the capsized yacht, remained on the wreck until help arrived. He succeeded in saving both himself and his boat. A son of Charles Eilbert, of Mt. Clemens, was poisoned, October 24, 1873, by eating henbane seeds. He died on the 25th of that month. Mrs. Ann Lavine's trial for the murder of Anson Henderson, at Ar-mada, on the night of November 5, 1873, came before Judge Han-is at the November session of the Cir- cuit Court. The Jury returned a verdict of not guilty. V* ,u 510 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The biogi-aphical sketches of the Chamberlins began to be published January 7, 1874. The foiu-th annual meeting of the U. F. C. of Armada, was held at the Day School- house January 13, 1874. A number of houses were burned in the county during January. 1874. The Ai-mada Agricultural Society held its second annual meetino- at Armada. January 18. 1874. The annual session of the Macomb County Simday School Association was held at Richmond January 20, 1874. The fourth annual meeting of the Union Temperance Association was held at Romeo February 29. 1874. The Romeo Pioneer and Historical Society was organized March 14, 1874. Rev. J. Weeks resigned the charge of the Christian Church of Romeo May 1, 1874. The Washington Grange was instituted April 18. 1874. with William A Stone, Master. The pledge was circulated in Armada Village April 1, 1874. A marine engine, built at Romeo by Morton & Hamblin. for a Clinton River barge, was finished May 2. 1874. The new M. E. Church of Romeo was dedicated June 7, 1874. Frederick Hebblewhite, of .irmada, was drowned in Norway Lake, near Lapeer, June 1'2, 1874. The comet of July, 1873, caused much speculation. Drs. Gi-eenshields and Tillson amputated the entire bi-east of Mrs. Gibson, June 9, 1874. The lady sm'vived the ojieratiou until November 29, 1874. when she died. The electric storm of August 25 and 26. 1874. was the most terrific remembered by the American settlers of this county. The council of the Granges of Macomb County was organized September 2. 1874. with Henry Bennett, Washington, Master. In September, 1874. Samuel Aldrich. of Armada, possessed a hen aged twenty-one years. The twenty-fifth annual meeting of the Macomb County Agricultural Society was hold at Mt. Clemens September 30, 1874. In October. 1874, Lee & Stockton enlarged the Mt. Clemens Monitor. The annual re-union of the Twenty-second Michigan Infantry was held at Mt. Cle n- ens September 26, 1874. In October, 1874, Rev. J. E. Davis, of Macomb, was the oldest Mason in the State. He entered the organization in 1818, and was, in 1874, eighty-seven years old. The M. E. Church of Romeo was the first public building heated by steam in Ma- comb County, October 11. 1874. Miss Rush, of Mt. Vernon, committed suicide October 6, 1874. John Wilkinson, son of Col. Wilkinson, of Romeo, died at Fort Gi-iffin. Texas, No- vember 5, 1874, He received a pistol bullet in the knee; amputation was necessary: but even this extreme course failed to postpone death more than one day. The transit of Venus. December 8. 1874, caused much speculation in the little repub- lic of Macomb. The people offered no resistance to the transit. Miss Keturah Walker and a Mrs. Lockwood, both sisters, assaulted their aged mother, and were fined $5 each by Justice Snover, December 28, 1874. The Mt. Clemens Monitor began agitating the citv charter question in December, 1874. The first sleighing parties of the winter of 1874-75 tm-ned out January 24, 1875. William E. Preston's mill, northwest corner of Richmond, was destroyed by fire in the last week in January, 1875. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. John Chapman's house, in Kav Township, was destroyed bv tire Febiiiary 13, 1876. The annual meeting of the Union Farmers' Club was in February, 187:1 James IWhite, proj)rietor of the old Hoag Mill, of Lenox, was caught in the machin- ery and killed. 1875. Stephen S. Merrill hanged himself at Utioa Janiiary 26, 1875. Among the Indians encamped near Borneo in September. 1875, was one who, accord- ing to his own statement, hunted oyer this section of country more than fifty years ago. The people did not fail to note the starting tear in the eye of this aged hemlock as he re- counted the glories of the departed days, before railroad taxes became a bm-den and street- sprinklers a necessity, and when the chief occupation of the citizens consisted in slinging arsenicated arrows into the bodies of the stately moose and elk, amid the dim aisles of the gi-aud old forest. They were constrained to agi'ee with our aged friend Lo that those were halcyon days. Ihe Congregationalists of Romeo agitated the Tjuilding of a new church March 23, 1875. A. B. Sheldon, of Ray. met a tragic death at his own hands April 21, 1875. An insane man, called by the people the wild man, roamed oyer the county in May, 1875. The farewell seryices in the old Congregational Chiu'ch of Romeo were held June 15, 1875. On June 22, 1875, the Grand Trunk Railroad fi-eight train was thrown from the track, the engine and a number of cars wrecked; Matthew Bartle, the engineer, and Mor- rison, the tii'eman, fatally scalded. Foster Galbraith, formerly of Romeo, was drowned in the Saginaw at Bay City in June, 1875. His remains were found and shipped to Romeo for interment. The Mt. Clemens Reporter was resurrected in June, 1875, with Messrs. Keeler & Miller, publishers. The Proctor saw-mill was destroyed by tii-e July 4. 1875. Dr. Balfom- left Romeo on Thureday night. July 22, 1875. Abner Miller, of Mt. Clemens, shot himself accidentally in September, 1875. It ap- pears he was hunting and boating, when, through some carelessness, the charge in his fowling piece exploded and entered his body beneath the ribs. In September, 1875, a number of Indians yisited Mt. Clemens and Romeo, among whom was Tipikaw. one who liyed in this county forty years preyious. The Atlas of Macomb County was published in September, 1S75. It proved a yery useful work. The Conger dwelling house, on the line between Sterling and Clinton, was destroyed by fii-e Noyember 15, 1875, and a child four years old so badly burned that she died the same day. A case of small-pox was i-eported in the neighborhood of Romeo November 26, and at Mt. Vernon in December, 1875. Early in 1876, the people in this district of Michigan thought of utilizing the old Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal in connection with the new canal then proposed. The judgments against the town of Washington on railroad aid bonds were settled in January, 1876, save a §1,00(1 bond. The small-pox raged around Mt. Vernon during the close of 1875 and beginning of 1876. The fii'st meeting of the Michigan Agricultural Institute was held at .\i-mada January 11 and 12, 1876. y-. ^ liL The aunnal meeting ef the Macomb County Sunday School Association was held at the Congregational Church, New Baltimore, January 25, 1876. John Keeler and Maria Fellows celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage January 8, 1876. at Disco. A lire broke out in Flumerfelt & Frost's store Janiiary 19, 1870, which spread to C. N. Coe's store, and resulted in damage to property estimated at $20,000. The tire depart- ment alone saved the j^roperty in the neighborhood. Another tire broke out at Gray's Opera House February 12, 187<), which destroyed Messrs. Hanscom's. D. N. Lowell's and Maj. Dake's offices, the Masonic Hall, Mrs. Hor- ton's rooms, etc. The electric fluid entered the M. E. Chm-ch building at Romeo February 27, 1876, and there played some extraordinary freaks. The biu'ning of William Crittenden's house, April 4, 1876, resulted in the death of Mi's. Crittenden. The lady made a superhuman effort to extinguish the flames, but was enwrapped by them, and would doubtless have been Vrarned to a cinder had not her hus- band rescued her. She died, however, the same morning. Cyril Hicks, located on the line between Richmond and Lenox, hanged himself June 17, 1876. The Chippewas of Walpole Island visited Romeo June 19, 1876, and defeated the Continentals in a game of base-ball. The corner-stone of the Congregational Church was laid July 4, 1876. Frank Buzzell tlied at Romeo July 16. from the effects of sunstroke. Philip Jersey's house was burned at Romeo August 1, 1876. The frost of August 20, 1876, did much damage to the crops in Northern Macomb and St. Clair Counties. A heavy thunder-storm contributed to render the damage even more serious. Col. John Atkinson, of PortHirron and Detroit, addressed the citizens of Romeo Sep- tember 28. 1876. A ferocioiis Bengal tiger eloped from Barnum's Menagerie January 22, 1877, then at Richmond. The presence of this animal and the small-pox kept the people in a state of alarm for some time. Mai'shall D. Ewell wrote his hand-book, '"Ewell on Fixtm-es," in 1877. Matilda C. Shaw poisoned herself February 24, 1877. Z. H. Daniels, formerly of Romeo, was reported to have been killed by Indians at Stilhvater, Montana, in February, 1877. I. D. Hanscom resigned the office of Secretary of State Deaf and Dumb Institute, at Flint, in. March. 1877. On the 12th of November, 1877. one of those fatal accidents which thrill a whole community occuiTed near Memphis. Two young lads about eighteen years of age went to the woods for a hunt. In crossing a small stream, James Dawson, one of the lads, slipped from a log into the water. In order the more conveniently to climb again upon the log, he passed his gun to his companion, Henry Castle. He, taking the gun with the muzzle toward him, di-ewit through some bushes. In doing this, the loaded gun was discharged, and the whole contents entered his left side, making a feai'ful wound, severing the large blood-vessels in the vicinity of the heart and causing almost instant death. The nephew of E. F. Sibley, of Armada, who shot himself in the head while tempo- rarily insane, died July 6, 1878. The ball passed nearly thi-ough the brain, when it re- traced its course, and was found in the top of the head. The descendants of Lewis and Nancy Davis, about seventy in number, met at the residence of Charles Davis for their annual re-union July 4, 1878. There are nine chil- r Lk. dren — MJrs. L. Andrus, Mi's. D. G. Stewart Mrs. J. Curtis, Homer and Charles Davis, Mrs. E. C. Ewell, of Borneo; Mi's. Rev. S. E. Warren, of Farmington: Barlow Davis, of Evart: and Rev. L. P. Davis, of Plymouth. The Romeo town clock was placed in position August 14, 187M. A teiTible storm of hail swept though a portion of the town of Richmond August 1(3, 1878. The fruit in the path of the storm was entirely destroyed. Someof the hail-stones were more than live inches in circumference. An aged citizen of Disco committed suicide in September, 1878. Diu-ing the yellow fever epidemic at Memphis. Tenn., in 1878, the sum of S'264 was subscribed b\^ Romeo people toward the relief of the sufferers. The electric fliiid played havoc on the preinjses of William Brabb, about two miles northwest of Romeo, September 25. 1878. A large barn filled with wheat was struck early in the evening, and, together with its contents, was totally destroyed. One or more stacks in the immediate vicinity were also destroyed. The loss was ."jl.OOO, upon which there was no insurance. The first accident on the Michigan Air-Line Railroad occurred December 8, 1878. The death of Beecher Gates resulted. Cornelius IVLller, well known in Macomb County, was sujjposed to have committed suicide bj' drowning, at Detroit, in October, 1878. James Whalen, of ^Varren, was run over and instantly killed on the night of the 24th of Octob^, 1878, by a Grand Trunk train. He was literally torn to pieces. Deceased was twenty-six years old. A meeting was held at the office of Irving D. Hanseom, November 23, 1878, for the purpose of forming an association for the apjuvhension of horsethieves. The death of jMi's. C. N. Chamberlin and her two daughters, at Chattanooga, Tenn., in October, 1878, drew forth much sympathy from their friends in Macomb. Benjamin Crissman had his feet crushed by the tumbling-rod of a clover-mill De- cember 18, 1878, which necessitated amputation. The jury in the case of Sarah Finkle. charged with the murder of Alice Jackson, September, 1878, by aiding her to commit suicide, rendered a verdict of not guilty, diu'ing the present tenn of com't. The jury required but one and one-half hours to come to their decision. The case was one of the most peculiar on record in this circiiit. Mrs. August Bliss took a dose of paris green in April, 1878, and died from its effects before medical aid could be summoned. Clara Heater, a girl of eighteen, living in the family of Albert Hovey, took fifteen grains of morphine, and died April 20, 1878. Riley J. Sjiencer was crushed to death bv the falling of the plates of a barn, near Romeo, May 29, 1878. Beecher Gates, who met his death in the Air-Line disaster, was biu'ied, December, 1878. In Oliver Optic's story, " Oi;t West," a part of the surprising adventures of the hero are laid in Macomb County. Mt. Clemens is re fenced to as "Mt. Mercy;" the Clinton River as " Glinton '" River. The Sherman House is mentioned by name: also New Balti- more, and the club house at tbe mouth of the river. It will be remembered that Mr. Adams spent a few weeks here in 1877. There is living at Davis, in the township of Ray, the Rev. J. E. Davis, who was ninety -one years old the 1st of February, 1879. He has been for many years a resident of that place. On his ninetieth birthday, he preached a senaon in the M. E. Church at Davis. Until a few weeks ago, he cut his own fii-ewoocl and took care of his own horse. That narrow gauge railroad from Detroit to Grosse Point, thence to New Baltimore, :V ^1^ 514 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. St. Clair and Port Huron, at the latter place to connect with the Port Huron & North- Western, was sti'ongly agitated duriug the winter of LSTU-SO. Mt. Clemens was visited by a |f3,r)(H) tire duriug the last week of Jauuai-y, 1879. The buildino- destroyed was a large frame dwelling house on the corner of Robertson and Grant streets, owned Ijy F G. Kendrick and occupied by G. H. Crane, the proprietor of the principal drug store in the place. Both of the parties were insured to some ex- tent. John E. Nellis entered on the publication of the Monitor in March, 1879. The bill incorporating the city of Mt. Clemens passed March 17, 1S7U. The members of the Cannon family assembled at the old homestead, where Pearl and Mary Cannon located in 1831. New Yeai-'s Day, 1880. The third re-union of the Gass family was held at Davis January 2, 1880. The childi-en and grandchildren '^f Elijah Thorington celebrated his seventy-first birthday January 9, 1880. Warren LavvTence cut the old landmark on his farm known as the square-top pine in January, 1880. This made fifteen saw-logs, the shortest being ten feet, the longest sev- enteen "feet long. All gi-ew on one stump, about five feet across, and branched out twenty- foui feet above the gi-ound into three great branches. The following-named persons were appointed to take the census of 1880 in Macomb County: Armada, A. S. Hall: Bruce. A. H. Shelp: Chesterfield, Charles Connor; Clin- ton, a" H. Canfield: Mt. Clemens, G. C. Forster. Robert Ii'win, A. N. Crovier: Erin, G. S. Schuchard; Harrison, F. C. Forton: Lenox, E. L. Raymond; Macomb. Alfi-ed Stewart; Ray, B. R. Davis; Richmond, J. C. Keeler; Shelby, W. S. Andi-us; Sterling, R. H. Sliter; Warren, G. B. Walker; Washington, J. R. Stone. A son of Charles Evans, of Richmond, was crushed to death beneath a land -roller, September, 1880. The Chautauqua Club, of Romeo, was re-organized in October, 1880. Mrs. Rose, of Armada, while out driving, October 17, 1880, was thrown fmm the car- riage and received such injuries as resulted in her death on the 18th of the same month. The corner-stone of the new court house was laid October 21, 18S0. The Michigan Air-Line Railroad Company ordered a regulai- train to run over the road in October, 1880. George Connor, of Richmond, was killed in the lumber woods in January, 1881, and his body brought to Armada for interment. Surveyor W. W. Duffield and party were engaged in running a line for the proposed narrow gauge railroad through Macomb Coimty in January and February, 1881. The location of the Romeo mineral well was decided upon in February, 1881. The sudden, if not tragic, death of Miss Ann Reid, formerly a student of medicine at Ann Arbor, took place in February, 1881. Prior to ridding herself of mortality, she vsTote a letter to her mother, giving her resolve to try another world. A cane was presented to Joseph Ayres by the members of the Supervisors' Board, of which he was a member for twenty-five years, in February, 1881. The Board of Supervisors appropriated $10,000 for the building of a new jail in Feb- ruary. 1881. Peter McEachroii, in 1845 a carpenter in AVashiugton Township, died at Saginaw February 24, 1881. L. E. Cannon returned from his surveying expedition in the neighborhood of Point St. Ignace, in March, 1881. The first annual shearing festival of the Macomb County Sheep-Breeders" and Wool- Growers' Association was held at Romeo May 11, 1881. . V ^. y/'^'iMtZi.] ■'/^ Cd ECE/.iiED) tit, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The Methodist Ministerial Associaion of Port Huron District held the anuual meeting at Mt. Clemens May 31, 1871. The pioneers met at Romeo September 17, 1881. The contribution of the citizens of Romeo and vicinity to the sufi'erers by fire in Northeastern Michigan exceeded $5,000 at the close of September, 1881. T. P. Kennedy celebrated his golden wedding in Octobor, 1881. He is now in his eighty-first year. The telephonic connection of Detroit and Mt. Clemens was established September 1 , 1881. M. H. Butler, of Mt. Clemens, was robbed of $1,200 while waitiEg for a train at Woodward Avenue Station, September 1, 1881. Capt. Howgate was arrested, August 15, 188 J, at the Avery House, Mt. Clemens, on a charge of embezzlement and taken to Washington. September 26, 1881, was observed by all classes throughout the county. Mourning emblems may be said to have enwrapped Macomb in honor of Garfield's funerel. Chauncy G. Cady, of Sterling, paid a visit to Mt. Clemens October 2, 1880. Sixty years ago that ed the halter and fell to the ground. He was picked up dead with a broken neck. CHAPTER XXIX. MT. CLEMENS CITY. What jirogi-ess has been made within the last decade by the people of Mt. Clemens is almost conveyed in the words which form the heading or title of this sketch. Here we have a city of over 3.000 inhabitants, holding the place of the pleasant little village of a few years ago; of the little distilleiy hamlet which marked the spot at the beginning of the century: of the Indian village which induced the first American pioneers to select it as a most eligible site for a hamlet, a village, a city. Here did the beginnings of Macomb County take root. Hither did the honest statesmen of Michigan's Territorial days hie for rest and recreation, to find both amid the boundless hospitality of her first white citizens. She is not so old as Detroit, Fort Gratiot, Mackinaw or St. Ignaee: there is no distinct account of her being visited by the exploring j^riest. Manpiette or Nicolet. or Menard: yet. apart from all this, she has a histoiy distinct from all her sister cities of the State, in the peculiarly quiet, imostentatious way she leaped from her humble position to hold a high place among the cities of the Union. Having once made this leap, she followed up her success, and con- tinues to advance, slowly but steadily, to that point which her resources and geographical position render her capable of attaining. What Mt. Clemens may be when her centennial year comes round cannot be prophesied; but, if the same progress which marked the past decade of her history is upheld, the same enterprise which now characterizes many of her citizens fostered, and the same intelligence which guides her people far away from jeal- ous bigotry continried, the centennial day of platting the village of Mt. Clemens will dav^u upon a community great and prosperous beyond the brightest day dreams of the present times. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Some years ago, the good work of compiling a history of the county was begun by R-^v. H N. Bissell. Sinc3 that tima, the special papers of Judge J. B. Eldredge, Edgar Weeks, John E Day and others, have shed much light on the history of this county. The ^ following, extracted from Mr. Weaks' history of Mt. Clem=^ii3, brings us back to those olden times when the beginnings of Mt. Clemens began to take form: ''It is interesting, at times, to survey the history of the country which every-day life makes so familiar to us, and throughout the entire Northwest Territory no section afibrds so many interesting relics to those having an antiquarian turn of mind as the country around Detroit and these great hikes. In searching among the dusty records of ancient surveys and'travels, it is singulai' to note the early opinions of those who made this immediate section a study. Detroit, with its varied story of Indian warfare and treachery, its recollections of Red Jacket and Pontiac, the chieftains of the tribes inhabiting the vast wilds which have now given way to civilization and the graces of cultivation. The dark story of Bloody Run. the wild adveutiue of the e;irly settler, who planted himself upon the outer selvage of civilization, sustaining himself by the precarious chances of the chase and the hardly less profitable proceeds of the fisheries, while agriculture planted in the rich soil bordering upon our lakes labored under a want of skill which most conspicuously marked the early Canadian inhabitants of the frontier — all these things, nearly or quite forgotten in the whirl and business of our own day — have a rosy tinge of romance that speaks the voice of silent woods, of slothful streams, of mm'shes and unknown places. We recall, as we look around uj)on the improvements which years of toil have brought about, the majestic grandeur of solemn loneliness which long ago reigned here, disturbed only by the prowling wolf and panther, or by the not less savage aborigines. Many still live in our own vicinity whose memories carry them back to the first struggle made to plant a settlement at Mt. Clem- ens Our graceful Clinton River, which now bears upon its quiet bo.som the commerce of om- village, or, perchance, the graceful barge of the pleasiu'e-seeker, was then the Huron River, whose glassy wave broke the prow of the bark canoe freighted for its brief voyage with the squaw and the papoose of the migratory Indian; later, the element that buoyed u])on its bosom the " dug-out " of the trapper or the settler on his errand of trapping and fishing. We can fancy the scenes that animated the landscape then — the startled swan, swinging into view, and soaring away to some more secret haunt; the otter (plentiful then) and the muskrat — game sought for and highly prized; the forests resounding to the cry of the bird careering wildly into the dark wood, and the wild deer bounding away over the now site of cultivated farms and teeming villages. We can fancy how the quiet hills and glades echoed the shot of the wild huntsman; and the silence that '■ ' seltk'd wick' and still. On the lone wood and mighty hill,'" when no human being was there to invade nature's wide domain. Again, when night, the ' sable goddess,' swayed her leaden scepter, and the deep gloom of the untrodden forest was peopled only with the fantoms that ride upon the solemn stillness of the night. And yet again, when the glad day beamed from the portals of the morning, bringing no retiu-u of husbandman to waving harvest fields; no opening up of the fresh furrows to the busy plow. These are the scenes that fancy brings to the recollection. The earliest settlement of the country immediately surrounding this village was in the year 1781. In 178S, there were thirty-i'om" families in all the settlements from the mouth of the River Hui'on e.xtending up the stream some nine miles. These people, we ascertain, were tolerably well situated, but extremely poor, and lacked greatly in agri- cultural skill. The settlers were all of this description save four, who were said to be Englishmen of industry and enterprise. Twenty of the farms were purchased of the Indians in 1788 ; ten in 179:1 171*0 and 1796; and four settled in the year 1800, without authority of any kind. '^7r We ascertain tbat, between Milk River and the mouth of the Huron River, a dis- tance of twelve miles, and being the strip of lake shore now known as L'ans creuse, there were, in 1797, thirty settlers. They were exceedingly poor, and were considered as unfortunate in their location. They were even ignorant of the number of acres they jios- sessed, and achieved a scanty subsistence by the chances of the chase, their traps and fish- ing. These people came into possession of their lands without authority even of the In- dians. Prior to 1808, and about 17114, a settlement had been made of a tract of land on the northwest side of the present village, near what is now Frederick; a saw-mill, a sHll and a grist-mill had been erected. After some years of occupation, this tract of laud passed into the hands of James Connor, who, after the organization of the Government by the adoption of the constitution, and after the session of this territory to the General Government by the State of Virginia, obtained a patent and a recognition of his title, which was a grant from the Indians. We find this recognition was made by the Commis- sioners of the Government in ISOU. This was the first openiug-uj) of the country on that side of this village. As a curiosity to our citizens, we give below what is believed to be a copy of the conveyance to Christian Clemens of a part of the present site of this village: " Know aiAj men by these presents: That I Henry Tucker, of River Huron, and Territory of M'uhigan, in consideration of the sura of |100, to me in hand paid by Christian Ch'mens, of tlie .same Dislri'. He was the second French pioneer of Ma- comb County. The third bona tide settler was Louis Groesbeck, who improved the lands subsequently known as Claim 2.7- in 1780. Eichard Connor, or O" Connor, was the tirst actual English-speaking settler. He came here in 1781, with, or about the same time, as John Huckenwelder. the Moravian patri- arch. The Moravians came in 1781, a day or two after De Peyster's council at Detroit, and settled near Mt. Clemens. The ne,xt was George Baker, in 1785, whose dealings in land at that time are sur- rounded with mystery. John Askin and Maj. William Ancram. of the British garrison at Detroit jmrchased Claim 068 from the Moravians in 1786, and rented the land to Robert Dowler the same year. Neither Askin nor Ancram ever settled on this laud, as, a few years later, they sold it to Todd & Co. . of Montreal. Joseph Socier located on Claim 585 in 1788, and the same year Louis Ciriffard began improving Claim 183. The Moravians left the Huron River settlement in 1781). some for Canada, and a few for their old home at Muskingum. The village of New Gnadtenhutteu was the first center of population in the_county. The tirst frame house raised in the county was that by John Stockton, in 181 i, form- ing an addition to Judge Clemens' log house. Alfred Ashley and the Cady brothers raised the Iirst entire frame building. Th(! tirst log house in the vicinity of the village was built by Nicholas Patenaude, in 1758-5'.). Oliver Newberry opened a supply store early in 18'22, for he use of his men. who were engaged in building the boat La Grange. Ellis Doty, a native of Chautauqua County, N. Y., was the tirst regular merchant, or rather store-keeper, of the county. He opened a small business house at Mt. Clemens in 1822. A small store was inaugurated nearly opposite the Flummer mill in 1821, but the ovmer's name is forgotten. The tii-st regular physicians of the county were Drs. Chamberlain and Thompson. They remained here so long as Gens. Cass, Brown, Clark, Judge Woodward, and the old friends of Christian Clemens, made it a custom to visit this point. The tirst banks were the Macomb County Bank, the Eastern Branch of the Clinton & f Oj^V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Kalamazeo Canal Bank, and the Huron River Bank. Those financial concerns will be regarded in another section of this work. The first census of that district now forming Macomb County was taken in 1810, for the General Government, while yet it formed a portion of the civil district of Hm-ou. From Mt. Clemens to the mouth of the river offered subject for the enumerator. The first Congregational Church was organized in 1832. The first Baptist Church was established here October 17, 1834. The first Methodist Episcopal Church was organized October 27, 1836. The first Protestant Episcopal Church was established in 1819, under Rev. Edward McGee. The German Evangelical Cluu'ch was legally established in 1860, when the society, which had been previously organized, pm-chased the academy and fitted it up as a house of worship. The first physician who made the county his home was Dr. Robert S. Rice, who es- tablished an office at the county seat in 1823. The first lawyers were Corney O'Flynn, George Alexandre O'Keefe, Ezra B. Prescott, AJex D. Frazer and Robert P. Eldi'edo-e. Thomas Ashley practiced for a short time in 1820-21. The first Judges were: Judge Woodward, of the Territorial Supreme Court; Chief Justice Clemens, of the County Court; Associate Judges Daniel Le Roy and William Thompson; Justices Richard Butler and John K. Smith. The first regular train passed through the county over the Port Huron & Detroit Branch of the Grand Trunk Railroad in lSr)9. The first post office was established at Mr,. Clemen= in 1818, with John Stockton as Postmaster. In 1825 or 1826, Dr. Heni-y Taylor lo -ated at Mt. Clemens. Previously, he was a practitioner at Stoney Creek. Dr. Hall, whose son and daughters are now residents of the city, was one of the early physicians of this district. His death took place in 1865. DENTISTS AND DENTISTRY. The first dentist who located at Mt. Clemens was Dr. Jared Kibbee, who came in May, 1847, and opened an office east of the old American House, on Shelby street. Dr Kibbee continued practice here until May 1, 1854, when he moved to Detroit, and thence to Port Huron in 1853. Dr. William Warren came in 1866. and ojsened an office in the old woolen-mill, where the new jail now stands. He remained two years. Dr. White was the next dentist. He made regular visit to the village, and made headquarters at the American House. Dr. S. B. Axtell came in 1868 and practiced here until his death, in 1870. George Rackham, called by some citizens " the alleged dentist," practiced here for a few months. Dr. Hutchins located here in the fall of 1872. PLATTING THE VILLAGE. The original plat of the village of Mt. Clemens was made by Christian Clemens in 1818. Itcomprisedsixtybuildinglots northeast of Macomb street, extending to Gratiot street (no>v Market), together with the slope-to the river: tweuty-one lots south of Cass street (now Shelby street), and twenty-six lots between Court street on the east, Cherry street on the north- west, Cass or Shellsy street on the south, and Macomb street on the northeast. The court house lot extended fi-om Court street to Front street. The last-named street was platted along the bank of the river from Gratiot, now Market street, to a point where the saw and spoke mill stands, on the bank of the river, south of the brewery. Since 1818, no less than seventeen additions have been made to the original plat, viz. : Mullett's, the city of rV^ JA HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Warsaw. Robertson's, Eldredge's, Hubbard's, Ashley's. Ferrin's. Morass', Welts'. Weeks' Eldredge's Second Addition. Weeks' Subdivision, Greener's, Butler's, Beyne's, Lewis' and Groesbeck's Subdivision, and the Dickenson Addition, south of the river. A deed granted to the people of Macomb hj Christian Clemens, dated March 10. 1818, conveyed 2,934 square feet of land to the county in consideration of the village be- ing made the location of the county seat. This tract is what is now known as the public square. The deed bears the signatiu-es of Christian Clemens and his wife. Elizabeth, to- gether with those of the witnesses, Charles Seymour. Isaac L. Webb, John Stockton and James Fulton. A deed of two lots for the uses of church and school buildings was made at the same time. A lot on Sect'on No. 1. forming the northwest corner of Front and Macomb streets, was deeded by Christian Clemens to Adam H. Staring, of Herkimer County. N. Y.. July 17. 1818. in consideration of $100. Lot No. 7. Section 2. of the village, now just north of the brewery, on Front street, was sold to George McDougall. of Detroit, for $50, November 20, 1818. Ezi-a Prescott made the second purchase August 12. 1818. ORGANIZATION. The act of the Senate and House of Representatives, approved March 13, 1837, set off the land embraced within the following limits under the name the Village of Mount Clemens: Beginning at a point on the Clinton, where the west line of the farm of George Kellogg intersects the same; thence along the border of th& Clinton to a i)oint where the farm of Alfred Ashley strikes the river: thence north on the east line of the Ashley farm to a point whence a line due east would intersect the south line of the William Canfield farm; thence east on the range of 'Canfield" s line to the intersection of the west line of George Kellogg's farm, and thence down this line to the place of beginning. The act au- thorized the election of a President, Recorder and six Tnistees; but, owing to the number of changes which marked the fii'st year of the panic, as well as to the total prostration of enterprise, the terms of the act were not observed. The act of the Legislature, approved April -t. 1851. ordained that the territory with- in the following boundaries should be known as the village of Mount Clemens, viz.: Com- mencing at a point in the center of the Clinton, on the line between Harrison and Clin- ton; thence following the center of the river up stream to a i)oint where the westerly line of P. C. 139. originally jiatented to Richard Patterson, strikes the center of the river; thence northwardly to a point from which a line running due east will form the south line of the farm owned by the heirs of Mitchell; thence easterly to the line between Clinton and Harrison, and along that line to the place of beginning. The subject of amending the act of 1851 was introduced into the State Senate, March 10. 1875. by Senator Mellen. This amendatory act provided that the following boundaries should constitute the limits of the vil- lage: Commencing at a [)oint in the center of the Clinton River, where the line between the township of Harrison and Clinton intersects the center of river; thence along the cen- ter of the river up stream to a point between the lands owned by Cam|)l)ell and Sackett and the lands of Samuel Wood; thence north three degrees east, parallel with the west line of Private Claim 541. along the line between the lands of Campbell and Sackett and the lands of Samuel Wood, and also between the lands of said Campbell and Sackett and the lands of William PaiTot, and the lands of Nicholas Demmer, to the nortln^ast corner of the lands of Campbell and Sackett, in Private Claim 116; thence easterly at right angles along the line between the lands of Robert Little and Nicholas Demmer to a point on the west line of Private Claim 541; thence northerly along the west line of Claim 541 to the northwest corner of that claim: thence easterly along the north line of Claim 541 to its northeast corner; thence southerly along the east line of claim to a point on the line be- t W HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tween the lands of Giles Hubbard and Andrew Griner; thence easterly at right angles along the line between the lands of Giles Hubbard and Andrew Griner, and also along the north line of lands of Andrew Griner to the center of the North Branch road; thence southerly along the center of that road to a point on the line between the lands of Fran- ces Mitchell and James Canfield; thence south 85^ 45' east, along the line between the lands of Mitchell and Cantield to the center of the Fort Gratiot Turn])ike: thence south 21" 15' west along the center of said tm-npike to a point, the center of John street; thence south 37° east along the center of John street and continuation of the center line of John street to a point on the line between the townships of Clinton and Harrison; thence south- erly along the town line to the place of beginning. 1851 — President, Daniel Liite; Recorder, George Scott; Treasurer, Koljert Thomson. 1852 — President, Benjamin Robertson; Recorder, Robert Thomson: Treasurer, George C. Fletcher. 1853— President, Ed C. Gallup: Recorder, John S. Fletcher; Treasurer, D. C. Will- iams. 1854 — President, John Stockton; Recorder, Joel C. McDonald; Treasurer, George C, Van Eps. 1855 — President, John S. Parks; Recorder, George Scott; Treasiirer. Silas Dixon. 185G — President. Eben W. Hall; Recorder, Sam A. Fitch: T)'easiu'er, Wesley Hin- man. 1857 — President, -Joshua B.Dickenson; Recorder, John S. Fletcher; Treasiu'er, Silas Dixon. 1858 — President, Joshua B. Dickenson; Recorder, James B. Eldredge; Treasurer, D. C. Williams. 1859 — President, Giles Hubbard: Recorder, James B. Eldi-edge; Treasiu-er. Abe Wise. 1860 — President, William S. Robinson; Recordar. Oliver Gbapaton: Treasm-er, J. H. C!onnor. 1861— President. William S. Robinson: Recorder, Oliver Chapaton; Treasurer, John E. Van Eps. 1862 — President, George B. Van Eps; Recorder, Oliver Chapaton: Treasurer, Joseph Hubbard. • 1863 — President, John E. Van Eps; Recorder, Ira Stout; Treasiu-er, Robert Shook. 1864 — President, Joshua B. Dickenson: Recorder, Ira Stout; Treasurer, Oliver Cha- paton. 1865 — President, Oliver Chapaton ; Recorder, William S. Robinson : Treasurer. Oliver Chapaton. 1866 — President, Judsou S. Farrar; Recorder, William S. Robinson: Treasurer. William Flummer. 1867— President, Thomas W. Snook; Recorder, T. C. Bradford: Treasurer, G. B. Van Eps. 1868 — President, George B. Van Eps; Recorder, William S. Robinson; Treasm-er, Silas Dixon. 1869 — President, Oliver Chapaton; Recorder, T. J. West: Treasurer, T. W. Snook. 1870— President, F. W. Sackett; Recorder, W. S. Rolnuson: Treasurer, E. J. Tuckai-. 1871 — President, John H. Connor; Recorder, Jlyron White; Treasurer, John Otto. 1872 — President, Myron White; Recorder, Charles S. Groesbeck; Treasurer. John Otto. 1873 — President, James B. Eldredge; Recorder, -Tames M. Heath; Treasurer, Paul Ulrieh. ) ^ ■^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 1874-77 — President, Thomas M. Crocker; Recorder, Hemy W. Babcock; Treasurer," Robert Shook. 1875 — President, Thomas M. Crocker: Recoi'der. Heurv W. Babcock; Treasurer. William E. Hall. 1876 — President. Thomas M. Crockt^r; Recorder, Heurv W. Babcock; Treasurer. William E. Hall. 1878 — President. Charles S. Groesbeck: Recorder, Henry W. Babcock; Treasurer. Charles Moser. TRUSTEES. 1857 -.John E. Van Ejjs, A. L. Gurber, W. L. Rutter, Benjamin Rol)ertson, Giles Hubbard. 1858 — Henry Taylor, Sr., Francis Latourueau, George Nicholls. Ed J. Tucker, D. C. Williams. 1859 — George B. Van Eps, Charles ;\Iosor, Oi-rin W. De Lano, Abe Wise, Loren Phelps. 186(^ — John H. Connor, Elisha West, Myron White, Joshua B. Dickenson, Henry H. Huntington. 1861— Myron White. Dennis MeCaffertv, Elisha West, J. H. Connor, John E. Van Eps. 186'i — David Shook, John Tucker, Joseph Hubbard, John M. Sanders, Loren Phelps. 1863 — Varnum Lufkin, Bruno Van Landeghem, George O. Nicholls, Robert Shook, Aug Dahm. 1864 --C. Generous, Dennis McCafferty, William Flummer, Fred Hatch, Oliver Cha- paton. 1865— Elisha West, W. S. Donaldson, Charles Ulrieh, John I. Eraser, G. O. Nicholls. 1866 — William Flummer, J. E. Van Eps, Michael Stapleton, Varnum Lufkin, John Roskop. 1867— Silas Dixon, A. Strong, G. B. Van Eps, Varniun Lufkin, Alvin Brandy. 1868 — Silas Dixon. Varnum Lufkin, A. Brandv, Alex Strong, Thomas W. Shook. 1869— Theo Traver, A. T. Donaldson. J. E."Van Eps. William M. Connor, T. W. Snook. 1870-*S. Dixon, William Flummer, P. P. Griner. M. Peltier. 1871— Varnum Lufkin, Robert Hunt. William Heine, John Otto. D. MeCaft'erty. 1872 — Ed Lewis, John Otto, William Heine, W. S. Donaldson. Varnum Lufkins. 1873 — Robert Shook, Paul Ulrieh, John Rosskop, Edward Tremble, C. S. Groesbeck. 1874 — Robert Shook. Caspar Peters, C. D Crittenden, Emanuel Mandel, J M. Heath. 1875— C. S. Groesbeck. E. J. Tucker, B. B. Hess, D. C. Tilden, G. W. Robertson, J. Rossko]), William Heine, G. R. Law. 1876 — B. Van Landigham, V. Lufkin, F. G. Kendrick, G. W. Robinson. John E. Van Eps , Josejsh Lonsby. 1877 — John Otto. John E. Van E})s, William S. Donaldson, Joseph Lonsby. 1878 — Jacob Roessel, Ed W. Lewis, Ed Trojnbloy, Henry Fries. The last meeting of the Village Board was held April 10, 1879, for the jtm-pose of canvassing the votes given at the first election of city officers, April 7, 1879. The Council declai-ed the following-named citizens elected to till the offices of the city government: Joshua B. Dickenson, Mayor; Hemy W. Babcock, Clerk; Jacob W. Shook, Treasiu'er; Moses Savage, Marshal; George H. Pelton, Collector; James A. Savage, Street Commis- sioner; T. M. Crocker, J. B. Eldredge, William J. Daly, School Inspectors; John E. Van Eps. James G. Tucker, F. C. Kettler, C. S. Groesbeck, Justices of the Peace; John Otto, Fred G. Kendrick, Aldermen at Large; Philip H. Shook, Edward ^^\ Lewis, William S. fe^ HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. Donaldson, John W. Portei', Ferdinand Miller, Julius Koehler, Aldermen; Judson S. Far- rar, James A. Canlield, Arthur E. Van Eps, Superviors: William L. Rutter, William Longstafi", Mitchel Peltier. Constables. The members of the old Council present were Charles Groesbeck. President; H. W. Babcock, Clerk; William S. Donaldson, John Otto, John E. Van Eps, Joseph Lonsby, Jacob Roessell, Ed W. Lewis and Henry Fries, Trustees. The city officers for ISSO were: George M. Crocker, Mayor: James G. Tucker, Clerk; George H. Pelton, Treasurer; Moses Savage, Mar.shal; A. C. Brandy. Street Com- missioner; S. B. Russell, Justice of the Peace; Charles Ulrich, Alderman at Large; James B. Eldredge, School Inspector. The i-epresentatives on the city board were Philip H. Shook, Martin C. Kelly, William Heine, Aldermen. The representatives on the county board were Judson S. Farrar, H. W. Babcock, Arthur E. Van Eps, Supervisors; William L. Rutter, William LongstaS" and John B. Heath, were elected Constables. The oificers elected for 1.SS1-S2 were: Spencer B. Russell, Mayor; Augustus C. Dahm, Clerk; J. W. Shook, Treasm-er; Ferdinand Miller, Marshal; George H. Pelton, Collector; R. Widrig, Street Commissioner; F. C. Kettler, Justice of the Peace; John Dankers, Al- derman at Large: J. B. Eldredge, School Insiiector. The representatives to Council are: Martin Crocker, John Kuljue, J. E. Brehler. Aldermen. The members of Supervisors' Board were William E. Hall. Henry W. Babcock and Arthur E. Van Eps. The Constables elected in 1881 were George Bulzter, William LongstaiF and J. B. Heath. MT. CLEMENS ELECTION- CANDIDATES. 1st Ward. 2d Ward. :)D Ward. T..A.. Majority. Mayor, Rus.scll D 89 66 98 63 91 67 106 55 98 62 63 93 94 70 82 74 94 66 91 154 106 163 102 154 107 164 101 180 86 139 116 160 107 138 115 160 96 158 148 47 153 42 136 39 143 48 146 43 126 59 140 53 123 64 139 46 140 386 319 414 207 ;88i 213 413 204 424 191 328 268 394 230 343 253 393 207 389 167 Gale, R Maushal, Miller D 207 Skillnian R Tkeasuker. Shook D • 168 Clp:rk, Rutter, D 209 Dahm R Collector, Peltou, I) 2:^3 Shackleton. R Street Com.mlssioner. Guic'tte, D 40 Wiihiff, R JfsTicE op the Peace. Tucker, D 164 Saulsburv, R Alderman at Laroe, Barr. D 90 White, R School Inspector, Eldredge, D 186 Spier, R '. Kettler, D Supervisor, Hall, R Montford, D . FIRST WARD. .100— 38 . 62 "^' Alderman. Shcfffilv, D 86— 13 Lewis. R 78 Constable, Butzelcr, II 79 Huttcr, I) 79 SECONI> WAUD. Supervisor, Groesbeck. D W)— 87 Cantield, R 118 Alderman, Roessell, D 171— 82 Mathews, R 89 Constable, Lonffstaff , D 1 68— 78 Simms, R 90 THII!I) WARD. Supervisor, VanEps, D 168—130 Roliinson, R 43 Alderman, Dahm, D 140— 83 Koehler. R 67 The following temperate review of the last city election is taken from the Mount Clemens Monitor: " The election in Mount Clemens was painfully Democratic. It was also an eye-opener to those who have been singing for ' law and order. " Mr. Russell for Mayor, Miller for Marshal and Tucker for Justice of the Peace — three men especially ob- noxious to the self-styled ' law and order ' element, were re-elected by largely increased majorities, and they took the remainder of the Democratic ticket with them. It is, we hope, now clear to all. as it has been from the start to reasoning men, ihat the ' law and order" issue was ill-judged. It failed because there was no aroused sentiment at its back. And why should there be? Saloons are open in Mount Clemens, as in 99 out of 100 other towns in Michigan during proscribed hours. Despite this Mount Clemens is a very quiet, law-abiding city. It is incontestably true that there have been many violations of the liquor law diu'ing the past yeai-, but they have been no more flagrant than those of other years. While his was the case and the peace of our streets remained secure, an agitation for a more stringent enforcement of law was doomed to fail. Public temper is patient and long suffering, and, as a general thing, must be grossly and e.Ktraordinarily abased before it is thoroughly aroused. Fiu-thermore, the 'law and order' people did nothing while they had a chance. The Republican candidates for Mayor, Marshal and Justice were acceptable to them, but they received very little, if any, assistance frojn the very men whom they were nominated to please. On the other hand, the whole liquor in- terest, unnecessarily alarmed, as it seems, turned in for the Democratic ticket, which, it muy be observed, was on other grounds generally acceptable to the party." The Greenbackers" ticket polled forty-three votes for Mayor, and from ten to seven- teen votes for their ward candidates. The death of Mayor Joshua B. Dickenson, in May, 1879, occasioned a special meeting of the Council. Aid. Otto moved a resolution of condolence, from the preamble of which the following historical paragraph is taken: "Mr. Dickenson came to Moiuit Clemens at an early day, and from the tii'st has been prominently connected with the interests of this comnnuiity. The gi-owth of om- town has been his pride: the individual success of her citizens to him has been an apjiarent source of gratification. It was fitting that the suf- frages of om- people should make him our first Mayor." The election of George M. Crocker as Mayor of the city took place in June, 1879, and his re-election in April, 1880. '-^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. During Mayor Crockei'"s administration, the building of the county court house was begun. The dismissal of Mayor Russell, in 1881, and his subsequent re-election, referred to in other ])ages, mark the history of the jiresent time. .\MEEIC.\N SETTLKKS IN 1821-22. The following is a list of the American settlers of Mount Clemens in 1821-22, as re- membered by H. H. Cady, who arrived in 1821: Christian Clemens, tanner, farmer and hotel-keeper; John Stockton, coimty officer; Thomas Ashley, farmer; Ezekiel Allen, tan- ner, currier and shoemaker, had a shoj) on the bank of the river, where the Butler and Ulrich Blocks are now located: Ellis Doty operated a store where the Sherman House now stands; Henry Halsey. pottery manufacturer, having his shop where is now the opera house; Silas Halsey worked in the potter shop; James Connor resided two miles west, on the William Campbell farm; Harvey Cook was located on the present H. H. Cady home- stead; Eichard Butler lived on the Gratiot road, a block south of the public square; Chauncey G. Cady, step-son of Thomas Ashley, lived in the Ashley House, at the corner of Shelby and Front streets, opposite the new jail: Caj^t. Russ was engaged building the Harriet of Mount Clemens at the time; Israel Nobles and his wife. Miss Halsey, dwelt a short distance east of Flummer's grist-mill. In 1821, Rev. Mi-. Morey, a Method- ist preacher, visited IMount Clejuens, was entertained by Nobles and died at the Russ homestead a week or so after his arrival; Nun Moe was the village cooper; he had his shop where the Hall lumber yard is now located. FIRST FLOURING MILL. The tirst mill at Mount Clemens was neither a water nor steam mill. It was simply a primitive something run by horse-power. It contained one run of stone about two feet in diameter. Its capacity was about eighteen bushels per twenty-four hours. After the building of the Cady or Haskins Mill, on the North Bi-anch, the Clemens concern fell into disuse, and the little millstones were appropriated by the new Hour manufacturers. FIRST ORCHARDS. The first attempt at gardening within the city was made by Chi-istian Clemens, who set out apple and pear trees shortly after settlement. The principal oi'chards extended from the present AVilliam Tucker homestead to the Morass House, near the mouth of the river. The fu-st large orchard set out was that by Jim Allen, a step-son of Judge Clemens, between the years 1837 and 184(_). This orchard still exists on the south bank of the river, opposite the Avery House. The property belongs to George Roberston, a member of the firm of Snook & Robertson, stave manufactiu-ers. The Clemens orchard referred to ju-eviously was located close to the house on Front street, a little southwest of the Flu- mer mill. The Tucker orchard of ten acres was the first set out in the county by native Americans. Charles Tucker was the owner and to him customers came from Oakland and St. Clair to obtain su])])lies of fruit. FIRST CEMETERY. Henry Halsey was the first person bui-ied in the old cemetery on the Gratiot Turnpike. Jim Allen, H. H. Cady, C. G. Cady were the first grave-diggers. Judge Clemens accom- panied the funeral and pointed out the spot where the grave was to be made. SENIOR SETTLER. The oldest living American settler in Macomb County is Chauncey G. Cady, Presi- dent of the Macomb Pioneer Society, who settled in Mount Clemens in 1820. Richard Butler, of Mounc Clemens, and Elder Davis, of Macomb, are the senior old residents. Hiram Squires, born outside the United States, is the oldest settler. ■■j£^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COI'NTY. THE GLASS FACTORY. A class factory was established here by Hall & Grover early in the fourth decade of this century. The factory was located where the mineral works are now situated. U. H. Cadv remembers the works uja to 1837, when he moved into the town of Macomb. He states that the works were in full blast then, and continued in operation for some five or six years later. THE FIRST SAW MILLS. The first saw-mill was that known as the Plank Road Mill, erected about 1841). It is operated by the Plank Road Company. The road was laid out by the State; the company received a charter subsecjuently, erected this saw-mill and from it tiu-ned out the plank necessary for building the road. The charge over this highway is 1 cent per mile, for one horse, and 2 cents for two horses. So recently as 1882, it was a common practice among the new settlers of Macomb to attach two loaded wagons and have them di-awn over this road by the same team. This was done to efifect a saving of 40 cents, the charge for the second team. C. Gr. Cady seems to think that a saw-mill stood a little north of the present min- eral springs long l)efore the plank road concern was built. However, it jiroved a failure. INAUGUHATING THE CANAL. The opening of work on the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal was celebrated at Mount Clemens with Col. Stockton presiding. Gov. Mason. Conrad Ten Eyck and others were guests of the villagers. Everyone in the county — men, women and children — was sup- posed to visit Mount Clemens on that day. The supposition was very near correct, as lai'ge numbers of the people were present on the occasion. The first sod was dug by Gov. Mason, a few speeches were made, after which the visit- ors to the village were bantpieted by the people. The banquet table was spread where now is Shelby street, opposite the present com;t house. It is estimated that at least 200 people participated in the dinner. About the dinner-hour, there were a few s]nritful souls in the village who ajipeared on the table and under it about the same time. There are a few old settlers still here who may reiilize the description. The present residence of Thomas Foster, built by Dr. Hall in the summer of 1837. is considered to be one of the first brick dwellings erected in the citj'. Miss Hall, daughter of Dr. Hall, states that the salt wells were not begun until 1805. Then a well was bored nearer the river than the present one; but. on account of the flow of surface water, the directors changed the machinery about twenty feet farther from the river bank. MT. CLEMENS IN 18()8. The large number of dwelling-houses which were erected in the year 1808 is a pleasing evidence that the village was in a jsrosperous condition and rapidly increasing in population and wealth. The worst thing that can be said of a town is that the rents are low and there are plenty of houses to let — a thing that certainly could not be said of Mount Clemens then. To prociu-e anything in the shape of a dwelling-house here a person had to pay an exorbitant price, while respectable residences could not be had for love or money. Dwellings were con- tinually going up on all hands, and yet the demand for houses to rent remained undimin- ished. In glancing over the list of the many new buildings which have been erected here in 1N07-8, the following are noted: On Gratiot street south, Mr. Schutt built himself a two-stovy residence (wood), while nearly opposite a two-story brick dwelling, owned by W. B. Hubbard, stands nearly completed. A shore distance from this on the same side of the street. Potter and Henry Cook have both erected cottages of a story and a half. The former gentleman intended next season to build a more com- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ruodious dwelling in front of the one he then occupied. On the same street. William Jen- ney greatly improved his residence by completely repairing the same at a cost of some $3,000, making it, in point of style and beauty, attractive. On Gratiot street, north, a num- ber of new houses have been put u}) and extensive repairs made in old ones. John Guy- ette and W. J. Canfield have each built good substantial dwellings, while E. J. Tucker, Henry Connor and others fitted up their respective residences so that they now jjresent as fine an apjiearance as if brau new throughout. On Shelby street, Dr. H. K. Babcock had in an advanced state of completion a resi- dence which, when finished, will be the most beautiful of the many that now adorn our village. It is of brick, built in the Gothic style, highly ornamental in all its apjioint- ments, and reflects not only credit upon the architect who designed the model, but is a monument to the good taste and liberality of the Doctor. A short distance from this, Mrs. Joseph Goetz built a handsome two-story frame dwelling. Dwelling-houses have also been put tip on Shelby street. Many improvements have been made in the way of new fences, painting, ornamenting, etc., which, though small in themselves, taken as a whole add much to the general good appearance of the place. Altogether the past season has been one of unusual activity in building improvements, and citizens could review the same with feelings of just pride and satisfaction. Among the principal business men of the village were D. G. Williams, dealer in dry goods; Joseph Hubbard, successor of High & Hubbard; Phelps & Shook, produce mer- chants; John Otto, flour dealer; F. H. Bentley, jeweler: J. H. Snook, stationer and Post- master; Mrs. J. Mintonye, milliner; Charles Wiuegar, boots and shoes; John Rosskop, butcher; J. Batty, photographer; S. Dixon, gi-ocer; R. Waterson. furniture dealer: the Sherman House, together with a number of minor business houses. PROGRESS IN ISNO. The first symptoms of the boom were noticeable in the summer of 1N79. when return- ing confidence and 2:)rosperity in the country generally, the fine business done here by merchants and manufacturers, and the continued development of the springs, made every one good-natiu-ed and speculative. Money began to be loosed in men's pockets, and the first indication of a general disposition to invest in new enterprises became evident. There has been an immense amount of talk from that time to this, and even now, after much of the talk has crystallized into tangible and substantial results, there is about as much as ever. The building ojjerations in Mount Clemens during the year 18S0 surjaassed. almost bej-ond comparison, those of any year in her history. The building business is always spasmodic. There was a big run of it a few years previous: then came a lull and again came great activity. Everybody who can wants to build. Nothing contributes more to the advantage of a place than building. A town is beautified and substantially enriched by it. Money is set loose, labor employed and a new impulse given to trade in all direc- tions. The following is a list of the principal buildings, with the estimated cost of each: Court House ifS.S.OOO New hotel ^ 30.000 German church. iil)out 10,000 Butler Block 4,000 M. E. Church 3,500 Bath house 1,.500 Hagen, residence '. . 3,000 Sherman House addition, residences, repairs, etc 14,000 Total 190. 00( ) HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. THE ERA OF ADVANCEMENT. Early iu 1^81. the fiill tide of prosperity retui'ued to Mount Clemens. The outlook was never brighter. The extraordinary activity and growth which made 1880 memoraljle iu her annals will be fully equaled in the season which the cheerful weather of the spring of 1881 fairly opened. The boom continued and was mai'ked by the same solidity that characterized it from the start; it was a normal and necessary growth. The most substantial token of prosperity in a place is the building operations. They are the sign of increase in wealth and population. Every stick of timber and every stone and brick formed and put in place are so mucli clear gain. They represent money paid into the hands of laborers, mechanics and merchants, that before sought other channels. They give an impetus to trade and result in permanent benefit to the entire community. It is a matter for congratulation that the building ojierations in Mount Clemens this year will be unprecedented by those of any yeai' in her history, with the probable exception of ISSO, when they footed up in the vicinity of $90,000. The principal building erected this year was the new jail, the cost of which was SIO,- 000. The Supervisors met in special session to take steps in the direction of its erection. Different sites for the structure were discussed, among them William Moser"s lot, on the southeast corner of Front and Shelby streets, and the Phelps property on South Gratiot. These are but two of many sites that were in the market. On the corner of Front and Macomb streets, John W. Porter and Charles Ullrich built, although not iu conjunction, a large three-story block. Each building is 20x70. strong and handsome. On the lot on Macomb street, between Hemmeu's and John Roskopp's, covered by a low wooden structure, Anthony Dahm erected a tine two-story block. A large force of men was engaged in moving off the old building adjacent to the Avery House, where the new corner is now built up. This corner cost about 14,000, and is in harmony with the remainder of the structure, after plans made by Mr. Gibbs, under whose direction the building was constructed. A large number of new residences were under contract in Mount Clemens ami imme- diate vicinity. Hall & Shook alone furnished lumber for the following; Charles Wood, two houses on Grand Trunk avenvie; Oliver Roberts. Lewis Roberts and Charles Moore's liouses on Moross avenue; William Marquardt's house on South Gra tiot; MinardBarr's house, corner Front and Ferry streets; Jacob Hubbard's house on Clin- ton street; Chris Hempke's house and part on Grand Trunk avenue; John Barr^-'s house just west of city limits: Patrick Quinn's brick house on Gratiot road; Jacob W. Miller's on Canal road; Fred Gossmire's house on Macomb and Clinton town line; Fred Cline smith's house at Cadv; Lemuel Shattuck's house in Macomb. The same firm supply lirmber for a considerable number of smaller buildings in town, and for houses at Eraser, Utica and other contiguous points. Lonsby Bros, sold material for a number of buildings; among them John Duby's house on Front street, a large house on Shelby street, the name of whose builder could not be learned. S. S. Gale has decided upon the erection of a large house in ])lace of his present residence on Clinton street. These were the building projects so far as definitely settled. Other and important ones are almost certainties. In addition to the new buildings, a large amount of repair- ing was done. Property owners all over the city made great improvements. The opera- tions as above set foi-th'foot up nearly $40,000. The total jirobably exceeded 150,000. A [a-omiuent indication of the growth of Mount Clemens is the addition which Don M. Dickenson is laying out across the river. It is being regularly platted in streets and JOSH'. D. Wilson; Calkins & Dahm, druggists: Sherman House; Avery House; William Moser. meat-market; William Campbell, Belvidere. The Avery alone is in direct communica- tion with Detroit. These additions to the ways of progi-ess date back only to 1881. T.\XATION. Among the principal taxpavers of the city, in 1882, the following may be named: Mrs. Catharine Crocker, 8338.0] ' Hem-v Connor, 1219.96; O. Chapaton, §295: Mrs. Julia Debate, 8111.26: R. P. Ekb-edge, 8139.05: Mrs. E. Moser, 8118.76; John W.Miller, 8128.75: Don M. Dickenson, .$112.50: Mrs. Mary Saekett, 8146.25; Eugene Shook, 8100.- 02: Mrs. Charlotte Trufant. 8252,50; Charles Ullrich, 8434.45; Paul Ullrich, $121.98; S. S. Gale. 8120.21: Grover Bros., 8133.54; Mrs. Giles Hubbard, 8103.19; F. G. Ken- drick, 8152.12; Mount Clemens Savings Bank, 8133.54; John Roskopp, 8160.99; T. W. Snook, 8105.01: B. Van Landeghem. 8176.66; Van Eps & Co., $149.09; C. Winegar, 8104.43; John E. Brehler, $158.80; J. B. Dickinson estate. $102.97; Avery House. 8192.- 48; William Flummer, $103.40; P. P. Greiner, $114.03; E. J. Olde, i96.24; T. M. Crocker. $111.58; James A Canfield. .$91.05. From the following statement of finances of the city of Mount Clemens, from April 8, 1880, to and including April 7, 1881, an idea of what the people have to pay for city government may be gleaned: treasukek's .\CC0rNT. DR. Balance on hand. April 8. 1880 ■* 2.007 37 Cash for b.inils sold 20,.5li0 00 Liquor Tax i >f County Treasurer 2,222 Oil Pines from .Justice of the Peace 50 01) Licenses and impouudins; 83 60 Sidewalk tax ■: 90 48 Order issued not redeemed 10 00 Cash for stove sold 6 '^"' Cash from City Collector 9.-113 30 Total P5,049 83 cit. Orders drawn on several funds f 20..347 30 Interest on bonds paid _ 800 00 Balance to be accounted for 13,903 .53 Total ^ f 35.049 82 THE CLINTON EIVEE. The volume of the commerce of Clinton River is vastly greater than many people . suppose, and. with the river properly improved, it would steadily and largely increase from year to year. As it is one of tlie chief contributors to the prosperity, growth and business importance of Mount Clemens, every effort to increase its usefulness should be made. To this end little is necessary but some eompai-atively slight and inexpensive im- "S ""V ' HISTORY OF MACOMB C0U2STY. provements in the channel. The need of these has, each season, for the past decade, been more and moi-e pressing. The north channel of Lake St. Clair,. sweeping in, strikes at right angles the channel extending out from the month of Clinton River, and since this was dredged some years ago. the lake current has unintermittingly been piling sand into it. Tlie channel has now a depth of little over five feet, and, unless improved, the day is not far distant when the river will be isractically closed to the entrance of all ves sels but those of the lightest draft. Two barges, the Monitor and Louis Gilbert, were sold recently for the simple reason that they could not conveniently enter the river. The river boats best known since the time of the Harriet, of Mount Clemens, were the steamers Ida, Florence, Mayflower, Ida Burton. Monitor. Rouge. Mackinaw and Noyles; steam vachts Euua and Marietta; scows Matilda. Snowball, Hero. Garibaldi, Enreight, Forster, Home, Aunt Ruth and Curlew. Tlie boats now on the river, together with others on the stocks, for the lake and river trade, swell this list considerably. The shipments from this port form a considerable item. Last yeai', thousands of bar- rels of headings, millions of staves and thousands of cords of wood were shipped hence. The recent appro])riation of $25.(X)(> for the improvement of the river, the construction of a new draw-bridge at Moimt Clemens and the removal of the pontoon bridge all jioint to the fact that a determination exists to draw forth all the advantages which the ri^ er offers to the city and to the county. THE DEATH OF FOUB CITIZENS. The last boundary of liuman affairs is death, or, as the beautiful language, which, through some mystery, is allowed to lie almost dead, would have it. mors idfima linea rernm est. April 27, 18S1, will be remembered in the history of Mount Clemens as a day which witnessed the death of four of her citizens, each well known and deservedly popu- lar. It appears from the Monitor's report of the calamity that George H. Snook, Dr. W. D. Decker, Charles Wood and Morey Ajctell went forth on a fishing expedition. Proceed- ing to the mouth of the river, they borrowed a small boat fi'om AVilliam Tucker, in which they ventm'ed out on the waters of the lake. Al;)out 3:06 in the afternoon, they reached Strawberry Island, thi-ee miles east of the mouth of the Clinton, where they purchased a few fish from the fishermen. Re-entering their dangerous craft, they pulled for the moiith of the river. The ice was running fast, which alone rendered the trip a very hazardous undertaking. To add to the misfortune, one of those terrific squalls, well known by the lake fishermen, swept across the icy waters, capsized the little boat, engulfed fom- human beings, created a little world of sorrow among widows and children, among fathers, mothers, brothers and sisters, a season of mourning and gloom in their coiinty and a thrill of sympathy throughout the State. Search for the bodies of the missing men was at once instituted. On Thursday and Friday, 28th and 29th of April, the eastern part of the lake was traversed, with the result of finding a jug, partly filled with cider and identified as one taken by the missing men. On April, the tug Perkins resumed the tour of the lake, and, at 2 o'clock, the explorers saw a boat in the distance, floating low upon the water. Proceeding toward this ominous tell-tale of tragedy, it was soon found that in it was the dead body of Morey Axtell. The body lay athwart the seats in the water, which almost filled the boat, while his head hung over the side. It was surmised that the little craft swamped, that the men one by (me. lost hold of it and sank, Axtell alone remaining to fight death a V oiitrnnce. At length, overcome by cold and weakness, he fell forward into the water-logged boat and was drowned. Robert Morris Axtell was born in the township of Macomb November 22, 1858. He attended the Saunders Institute at Philfidolphia. in 1870 and 1871, thence to Morristown, w HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. N. Y., to learn the carpenter trade, whei'e he remained until his return to Mount Clemens, in 1870. He was the only son of E. S. and F. M. Astell. He was a cousin of his fellow- excui'sionist. Postmaster Snook, and a bosom friend of Charles H. Wood, with whom he learned his trade at Morristown and with whom he perished in Lake St. Clair. The bodies of Wood, Snook and Decker were not found up to May 22, and all hope of finding their remains was almost lost, when the waters themselves yielded up one after another. Following the example of Rev. Clarence Eddy, in his memorial sermon, we will here give a brief biographical notice of the deceased citizens, Messrs. Decker and Snook. Creorge H. Snook was born in the township of Clinton. April 20, 1852. He attended Sanders" Institute at Philadelphia one year, when he returned to his native county and entered upon the school-teacher's profession. Subsequently, he entered the Cornell Uni- versity, at Ithaca. N. Y. as a student of engineering, but, owing to a disease of the eyes, was forced to give up study and return to the walks of ordinary life. Resolutions of con- dolence and respect were passed by the Rescue Hook and Ladder Company, by the Trustees of the Presbyterian Church, and, in reality, by every family in the county. Dr. Wilhelmus Decker was born at the village of Ontario, Wayne Co., N. Y., in July, 1846. His father removed, with his family, to Shelby, in this county, early in the year 1856, and with him the deceased lived until 1864. when he was appointed teacher in one of the townshi[) schools. He studied medicine in the State University, winning a grad- uate's certificate to the scientific course so early as 1873, and a diploma in 1878. From 1878 to 1878 he devoted his time to school teaching and study. In September. 1878, he established an office at Mount Clemens and married December 28, 1875. The body of Mr. Snook was found June 2, 1881, and, a few hours later, on the same dav, that of Charles H. Wood was discovered. The remains of Dr. Decker were found May 30, 1881. INDUSTRIES. The first and perhaps the most important industry of the city is that which centers round the old salt wells. Here, in the early days of the county, were the old glass works: still later, the oil refinery of Call & Culver, and again, the salt factory. The first well was bored by Charles Stefifens, now of Fraser, and a second boring efi'ected by Parke, now re- siding at Saginaw. The well project was undertaken in 1862, with the hope of striking oil ; but the attempt proved unsuccessful in that direction, although the salt brine which it was found to yield would undoubtedly, if treated economically, reward the enterprise of the owners. A manufactmnng association was formed at Mount Clemens January 31, 1865, for the purpose of carrying on an J conducting the manufacture of salt under the style, " The Mount Clemens Halt Company." The charter of the association pointed out the extension of its term to March 1. 1890, and the amount of capital stock $10,000 in 400 shares of $25 each. The stockholders were Thomas W. Snook, Thomas L. Sackett, Joshua B. Dicken- son, Charles Moser, Bruno Van Landingham, Orsin W. De Lano, twenty shares each; Manuel Hymen, P. H. Stuart, August Czizik, ten shares each; Henry Connor and Jacob Roskopp, eight shares each ; Theodore Traver, Geo. B. Van Eps. seven shares; John E. Van E]is, six shares; Jas. B. Eldredge, S! S. Ciale. five shares each; Dennis McCafiferty, Anthony Beyne. William Jones, Andrew Greiner, Henry Taylor, Aug. Dahm, T. M. Crocker, Varnum Lufkin, Joseph Hubbard, Joseph Knall, George Murdook, George Weitz, Benjamin Robinson, Chas. Winegar, Charles Ulrieh, William Flummer, William Miller, Thomas Puicher, Auglot Tuscaney, Adam Godice, Anthony Dahm, F. Miller, Justus R. Crandall, Clement Borden, Joseph Lusk. John Otto, Henry Fries, E. (J. Gallop. William Jenny, Judson S. Fan-ar. Sam Wood, four shares each; Mrs. James Williams, C. W. Robinson, three shares each; ^ T HISTORY OF MAOOMI? COUNTY. John Egloff. E. B. Drake. Edgar Weeks. John Tucker. William J. Can field, James F. Brennan. Edwin R. Beutley. Wesley Lewis, James A. Cantield, Harlehigh Carter. Darius G. Williams, Catherine Stephens, William Hart, Elijah Robinson, Francis X. Pheuenf, G. G. Albaut. Lewis Arnill, Richard Johnson. Thomas Oliver. Elisha West, T. Gilbert, M. Peltier. A. Heuguenett. Jr.. Sam Donaldson, A. AVise, Julius Mandell. two shares each; I. O. Ferris, S. White. H. C. White, F. Lufkin. W. C. Tanner. L. N. Phelps, one share each. The manufactiu-e of salt was carried on for about five years, though at a disadvan- tage. The large proportion of foreign minerals existing in the water, as well as the ques- tion of fuel, presented serious obstacles to a successful competition with other mannfactiu'- ing points. The method pursued seems to have been very wasteful, as a large quantity of salt was thrown away with the mother liquor, here termed bitter water, for want of the proper knowledge to aid in its recovery. The discovery of the medicinal properties of the water was brought about under the following circumstances: A Frenchman living on East street foundered his horse so badly that he turned him out. The horse took shelter from the sim under the north si le of the tank. Here his daily stamping soon resulted in the formation of a foot bath, as the water drippings from the tank filled the hole thus formeJ. The horse was soon cured, which proved the first discovery of the medicinal properties of the water. At this time, Dorr Kellogg was man- ager and stockholder of the floiiring-mill on the river bank, corner of Market and Front streets. He was afflicted with salt rheum and skin eruptions. It occurred to him from his esperieuce with the effects of salt air and water on ocean voyages that the water would be beneficial in his case. He used the water, October. 1870. in a pail; afterward, in the vat itself, and, obtaining much relief, finally Bad a bath-tub constructed on the grounds and contimied the treatment until entirely cured. Mr. Kellogg is still living at Mount Clemens. Another gentleman, a Mr. Tremble, also a resident, obtained like results. About two years afterward, a bath-house was erected, various citizens contributing money toward the enterprise — in all about $l,f)()0 or .$1,800. Dr. H. Taylor & Son commenced it with a few tubs. The bath-house passed through various hands, among whom were Messrs. Thui'ber & Carl and North & Johnson, continually gi'owing in favor and importance. The present owners of the well are Seth D. North, of Hancock, Mich., and Charles B. Johnson, of Brooklyn, N. Y. The lessees are the Mount Clemens Mineral Spring Company, Limited, who leased the concern for a term of thirty years, fi-oui July 1, 1880. The managers are Morris Richter. Charles Avery, James F. Avery and A\'illiam L. Avery, with the chemist. Prof. Hem-y F. Meir. The experience gained in the use of the water during the past ten years has been sufficient to indicate the precise classes of diseases to which it is adapted and to bring thousands of invalids yearly to be cured. The well from which the water is obtained has a dejjth of 1,380 feet, with a capacity of 1,000 barrels per day, the water rising to a level of fifteen feet below the surface. From the well the water is pumped into large covered wooden tanks, elevated seventeen feet above the ground, from which tanks it is conveyed to the bath-house in pijjes laid on the ground. No precautions are needed to protect it in winter, as the water reejuires a lower temperatiu-e than is met with here to cause freezing. Before describing its uses as a curative agent, it may be well to consider its jihysieal and chemical properties and composition. When issuing from the pump, a sample of the water appears slightly colored, which is principally due to .sulphui'et of iron in fine suspension or quasi solution. After a time, this subsides, leaving the water colorless. Its taste is brackish and bitter, with a liberal fiavor of sulphm-etecl hydrogen. Its temperature averages about 59° F., being at present 4 '^ HI.>5T0RY OF MACOMB COUNTY. writing, March 3, 1882, 56|' F. It has a specific gravity of l.llG, which indicates the presence of about 10 per cent of mineral ingredients. When exposed at ordinary temperatures, the greater portion refuses to diy, only a small part crystallizing out. Its boiling point is 216 ' F. A decided smell of sulphui'eted hydrogen pervades the at- mosphere in the vicinity of the well and tanks, which varies in intensity with the weather. It has also been noted that atmospheric conditions influence the amount of suspended mat- ter (black iron sulphide) contained in the water, to such an extent that observers claim the ability to foretell a storm by the appearance of the water. Tlie atmosphere in the vicinity of the well does not appear to be deleterious to healthy persons, as the gas exists in a much dil^^ted condition, though sulphm-eted hydrogen, when inhaled in large quantities, produces fatal results. One such case occiu-red here diu'ing the cleaning of the tanks. Two workmen had entered, and, neglecting proper ventilation, one was brought out a corpse and his companion almost inanimate. The composition of the water, as ascertained by Prof. Duffield, is given in the geological chapter of the general history. Keeeut investigations have also shown the presence of iodine (in combination) and traces of ammoniiun and potassium salts. An examination of the blackish sediment ob- tained from the water showed it to consist of sulphiu'ets of iron and copper, the latter in small quantity. A new analysis is promised shortly, which may discover traces of still other elements present. A contirmatiou of the presence of iodine is the fact that sensi- tive jiatients are able, after a bath, to recognize the peculiar metallic taste jwoduced by iodides, showing that a definite number of the ingredients are absorbed. This water cor- rodes most of the metals and blackens silver, copper and iron, forming on them a sulphu reted siu'faee. Silver coins and watches QU'ried in the pockets of patients bathing in or drinking the water are discolored. The hair and nails ai'e sensibly darkened after bathing or washing in the water, while the skin and hair of patients retains for a time a slight but perceptible smell of the water. A property of the water which deserves mention is that it renders wood uninflammable. White lead jaaint is discolored by the atmosphere of the well and bath-rooms. At the latter place, where the atmosphere is saturated with steam, a disagreeable effect of the gases is experienced by the attendants, who are frequently afflicted with soreness of the eyes. This effect is probably due, not so much from the sitlphureted hydrogen as to a product of its oxidation (sulphui'ous acid gas), which has irritating j)roperties. In fact, the odor at the bath-rooms differs perceptibly fi'om that at the well, and a practiced nose can readily detect the presence of the latter gas. The water has still other properties which render it valuable for special purposes, such as a disinfectant. It exercises a most beneficial influence upon various diseases, effecting a pei-manent ctu-e in many instances where all other known remedies failed. The bath-house is connected with the Avery House by a heated hallway, and is equipped with all needed arrangements for the comfort of patients. At present, fifty-four tubs are in use, with the business increasing at such a rate that fiu'ther enlargements ai'e contemplated. Recently, a company has been formed for the manufacture of medicinal products from the water, under the style of ■' The Mount Clem- ens Sulpho-Mineral Salt Compan}' Limited,'' which is already doing an extensive business. The members of the company are Henry F. Meier, Charles Avery, Lyman B. Avery and Lizzie A. Avery. Their manufactures consist of Sulpho-mineral soap for the treatment of skin diseases; bath salts, for reproducing th*^ water for bathing purposes; an effervescing water, termed Sprudel water, and a catarrh cure, for the treatment of which affection the water has long been held in esteem. HOTELS. Early in the winter of 1879-80, there came to this place from New York a retired legal gentleman bv the name of Judge Averv. He came here to take baths for rheuma- rfv^ t HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY tism. and was immensely benefited. Necessarily, he was deeply impressed with the great medicinal (qualities of the water. He took a comprehensive view of the business, saw that an almost unlimited development was possible here, and came to the conclusion that a big hotel, beautiful grounds and a large bath-house would be paying things to invest in. Senator North, from Hancock, and C!. B. -Johnson, from New York, members of the spring company, came to attend the annual meeting a short time later, and the matter came up between the parties. Negotiations were begun looking to the objects above named. Judge Avery and his partners secured the whole block on East street, where the Mineral Springs Hotel now is, and the corresponding block on the river. This large lot of land was im- [)roved and devoted wholly to bath-house and hotel piu'poses. The hotel structure is of magnificent proportions, and without doubt by far the larg- est of its kind in Michigan. It fronts on each side of the large block, three stories high, with a mansard roof, equivalent to a fourth story; length, 2.S6 feet; width, I2S feet. There are SS;") rooms, and accommodations for fully 500 guests. A spacious double veranda surrounds the building. It is substantially and carefully built, and every care is taken as to architectural beauty. The hotel was built in sections, and the tii'st of these, containing 100 rooms, was ■ ready for opening June 1, 1880. The south wing of the building was opened in Febru- ary,'1881. The late pro})rietor of the Avery House was Morris Richter. Seymour Smith, favorably known in connection with the hotel circles of the State, was manager. The hotel is tele- phonically connected with Detroit. The Avery House passed into the control of Mr. P. B. Bradt April 1, 1882. For many years this gentleman was a well-lcnown landlord in Syra- cuse, N. Y., having kept the Exchange, Globe and other hotels iu that vicinity. Although a Syraeusan, Mr. Bradt is well known at Detroit, where he lived for several years. He is a quiet, genial gentleman, a thorough hotel man, and the Avery House already begins to feel the effect of new management. Mr. Bradt has taken the precaution to surround him- self with able assistants, and the management of the otfice is entirely in the hands of Mr. Jerome Haight, late of the Vanderbilt House, Syraciise. Mr Haight seems to have been born to his calling, and has the happj'' faculty of making guests understand that it is a pleasure to attend to their wants. He is, moreover, a thorough disciplinarian, a great requisite in the manager of a hu'ge hotel like the Avery. The steward under the new management is Mr. H. R. Johnson, late proprietor of the Crawford House, in Windsor. Mr. Johnson has been a practical hotel man nearly a (juarter of a century. Cfnt.ral Park Ilotrl. — This house was erected in 1879 by Louis Shoman, who leased it to the present proprietor, August Rose'iburg. in 1881. It is located on the old William Cantield lot, contains twenty-eight well-furnished rooms, together with the accommoda- tion which two large residences adjacent, belonging to the hotel, can offer. The Central is near the mineral springs and steamboat landing, is said to be a most comfortable house, well conducted, and a favorite with all who have made a stay there. Mr. Rosen- burw, the proprietor, was born in Germany, came to Detroit in 1870. visited Texas in 1878. and located at Mount Clemens in 1881. Clifton House. — The Clifton House was erected in 1875 by John E. Brehler. who oc- cupied it as a I'esidence until 1878. Additions were made in that year, when it was con- verted into a hotel by North & Elliott. John E. Brehler operated the house from the fall of 1S7U to May, 1880, when J. C. Elliott became lessee. In May, 1881, B. R. Jackson assumed control, and operated the hotel until the advent of the present proprie- tor, J. J. Strong, March 1 , 1882. The house is centrally located, standing on ornamental ground, solid brick structure and one of the best managed hostelries in the State, The proprietor, Mr. Strong, is a n;itive of Canton, 111. ; was a resident of Chicago for seven fc HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. years and fully conversant with tho management of a first-class hotel. Under him the Clifton was re-opened, March 7, 1882. Sherman Houfte. — This important hotel was erected in the summer of 18fi5 by Henry Conner, and opened to the public in August, 1866. The house is 100x54 feet, three-story brick structure, containing forty-three rooms, together with jjarlors, etc. : is specially ar- ranged for the purposes o" a first-class hotel, is well conducted and Mnquestionably the only important commercial house between Detroit and Romeo. Mr. Connor, the proprie- tor, has been in the hotel business for the last thirty-five years; is an old resident of Mount Clemens and one of her most enterprising citizens. Shnckleton House. — This hotel was built in the s .mmor of 18S1, one block east of bath-house, by Thomas Shackleton. It is the only 'temperance hotel " in the city, and gives promise of being conducted on the temperance plan so long as its builder lives. The hotel is now operated by John W. Cleveland, proprietor. RELIGIOUS HISTORY. The Catholic Church. -Reference has been hitherto made to the first Catholic mis- sionaries who visited Michigan previous to 1776. The Ijidl of Pope Clement, dated Jan- uary 21, 1776, suppressed the order of St. Ignatius of Loyola, and deprived Michigan of the services of its faithful, wise and intrepid members. Subsequently, the whole territory was placed in charge of one priest — the Transigrant Pere RecoUet, who acted as a priest of the Bishopric of Quebec, founded in 1660. The teachings of Christianity within the district now known as Macomb County may be said to be introduced liy this remarkable and pious man in 1776. although many missionary priests visited the Hurons here pre- viously. Father Recollet was a regular visitant to the county >ip to 171*3. Revs. Marin, Louis Lefranc and Pierre du Jaimay were known to the whites and Indians of the Upper Hni'on in 1764; liut their stay in the district was of very short duration, as they left for Mackinaw in 1 71'),"). In 179U, Rev. Gabriel Richard, refen-ed to in one of the first chajiters of the county history, came to the Territory, and among the first missions which he established was one within the i)i'esent limits of Macomb, at L'Anse Creuse. A small wood chapel was erected there, five miles from Mount Clemens. There that venerable jiioneer was accustomed to meet his congregation. On one occasion, struck with the negligence and spiritual cold- ness of his people, he warned them to reform, or otherwise the very church in which they worshiped would be swept away by the waters, and the very land on which it stood hid- den from their sight. This prophecy of Michigan's old Congressional Delegate .vas lit- erally fulfilled. After Pere Richard came the Rev. Vincent Baden, and, succeeding him, came lather Boheim. Some time about the period of the organization of the county, a chapel was built on the Clinton, three miles east of Mount Clemens, which was attended regularly by Rev. Dejean. Subsequently, Chi-istian Clemens granted a lot to every re- ligious denomination for the purpose of erecting a church thereon, and thither the little church of the Clinton was moved. At this time, there were al)out fifty Catholic families in the neighborhood. Rev. Father Kenny, the first resident priest of this city, came in 1843. The Abbe Maret came in 1845. During his administration, the fi-ont part of the ehiu'ch was built, and the old chapel converted into a pastoral resideuce. Revs. Lawi-ence Kilroyaud Father Kendekins attended the mission until 184<), when Rev. H. Van Renther- ghem was appointed resident priest. He was a Belgian, ordained March 15, 1845. by Bishop Lefevre. He officiated one year at Mackinaw, after which he came to Mount Clemens and was pastor of the churches of L" Anse Creuse, Utica, Erin, New Baltimore and Mount Clemens for some years. Under him an addition to the chiu-ch building was com- pleted and a small schoolhouse built. This priest died in November, 1869. Dm-ing the •|V" .. l^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. closing years of Father Van Eentherghem" s life, he was assisted by Rev. C. Maes, a student of the American College at Louvain. The latter was appointed pastor in 1869, and under him St. Mary"s schoolhoiise was built, which is now iu charge of three sisters of the Monroe Convent. Rev. C. Ryckaert, ordained at Cihent, Belgium, in 1S47, was ap- pointed pastor in 1871, vice Rev. Maes, removed to Monroe. Mich. Father Ryckaert erected a pai'ochial residence in 1875. Early in 1882, he entered upon the work of pre- pai-ing to build a new church at an estimated cost of $20,000. Among the principal con- tril)utors to the building fund are Bruno Van Landegham, Oliver Chapaton, Antoine De Hate. John Roskopp, Andrew Greiner, Mrs. C. Letourneau, Michael Benbennock, Louis Charbonneau, John Irwin, Patrick Quinn and Andrew Quiun. Rev. Father Ryckaert gives 14,000 on condition that the people subscribe the remaining $16.(t00. The plans for the building are not yet perfected, but. from what can be learned of them, the building will be Gothic with central tower and spire, flanking turrets, chapel and vestries. The architect in charge is Mr. Wood, of Detroit. It will be the finest edifice of its size and cost in the State, and will be the first architectural ornament of Mount Clemens. The plans, prepared by Scott & Co., Detroit, show a beautiful structure of brick and stone, highly ornamented, and built iu a most substantial fashion. The extreme measure- ments of the building are 60x158, affording a seating capacity for between 800 and 900 pHople. The auditorium is fifty-six feet wide and ninety- six feet long fi-om vestibule to sanctuary, sacristies, etc. The gallery is above the vestibule, which has dimensions of 8x56. Back of the main building is a chapel 16x44. A beautiful tower rises from the front center of the chm-ch to the lofty height of 184 feet. It is built of brick and stone half its height, the remainder wood. The building will be heated by furnaces in the basement. It will be lighted with stained glass windows and the interior will be marked by rich and elaborate adornment. Methodist Episcopal Church. — This church may be said to havt- been organized at Mount Cleniens in 1820, when Rev. John P. Kent preached to the Methodists in a house at Frederick, two miles west of the present Methodist Episcopal Chm-ch building. Piatt B. Morey came in 1822. but, dying within nine days after his arrival, his place was sup- plited by Samuel Barker and Alfred Briinson. Since that time, the following-named gentle- men have served the Methodist Episcopal Church at Mount Clemens; Elias Pettit. and B. O. Plymton, in 1823; Pettit and J, C. Hunter, in 1824; John A. Baugh- man and Solomon Manier, 1825; John Jones, 1826; Jones and "William Revnolds. 182/; W. T. Snow, 1828; Arzo Brown. 1829: Brown and William Sprague, 1830.' From 1830 to 1835, the pulpit was supplied by a number of visiting preachers. In 1836, AVilliam Herr was Presiding Elder, and Hiram trearing, preacher; A. B. Elliott, in 1837; Richard Lawi-ence in 1838; Jonathan Hudson and D. McCrregor, 1839; Josiah Drakeman. 1840; J, Blanchai-d and George F. Hemingbay, 1841 ; Elijah PiJeher, William C. Comfort and H. Hall. 1N42; John Gray and Joseph Jennings. 1843: F. B. Bangs and F. W. Warren, 1844; S. D. Price and H. N. Brown, 1845; Hudson and E. W. Borden, 1846; John Rus- sell, 1847-48; Seth Reed, 1849; W. Worthington. 1850; D. C. Jacokes, 1851-52; H. Morgan. 1853; E. House and J. C. Wortlev. 1854; Wortley and R. Ward, 1855; J. A. Baughman. 1856; AdamMinnis, 1857-58; D.B. Tracev, 1859; A. Allen. 1810; Wm. Taylor, 1861 ; Wm. Havener, 1802-64 ; F. M. May, 1865-67 ; Isaac Crawford, 1868 ; B. S. Taylor. 1 869- 72; J. T. Haukinson, 1872-73; Charles Simpson, 1873-76; Calvin Gibbs, 1876-(7; B, S. Taylor, 1877-79; I. F. Berry, 1879-80; J. M. Gordon, 1881-82. The number of com- municants belonging to this church is 129. The true organization of the Methodist Episcopal Chiu'ch society was perfected October 27, 1836, with J. F. Seaman. J. Tuex- buiy, J. E. Hall, D. T. Bishop and H.Pratt, first officers. A church Iniilding was erected in 1841, which is to give way to the new house of worship now being built. The Sabbath i' 7f^ ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. school in connection with the chiu'cb is in a floiu'ishing condition. The new Methodist Church will be one of the handsomest buildings in Monnt Clemens. It is to built after plans fiu'nished by ai'chitects connected with the Church Extension Society, and will be distinguished by an unique design and great convenience of arrangement. The structure will face Shelby street, and will have dimensions as follows: Over all, 44x102; audi- torium, 44x80: vestibule, lSs24; height of ceiling, 28 feet: height of tower. UO feet. In- gi-ess will be had from Fraser street, into an open porch, thence into the ve-stibule. Above the latter will be the gallery, to be so arranged that it can be shut off by window paneling from the body of the church, ant. thus used, whenever desired, for a class- room, or for other circumscribed purposes. The building will have a double roof and stained glass windows throughout. The auditorium will have a seating capacity of 400, the gallery, SO; the choir will occupy a raised platform back of the pulpit. First Presbyterian Church. — This church was formally organized May 4. 1885. un- der Rev. M. Eastman. From that period up to 1841, services were held in the old log coiu't house or other church buildings. In 1841, a commodious building was erected which served as a house of worship until 1844, when the chiu'ch divided, and. the mi- nority forming a congregational society, built the church in which the Presbyterians now worship, corner of Walnut and New streets. Rev. A. S. Wells was then delegated as pastor. The pulpit was vacant for some months previous to the coming of Rev. Thomas Foster, in 1845; he served as stated supply until 1849. Under Mr. Foster, the Con- gregationalists and Presbyterians united and ageed to wor.ship together in the Congrega- tional, now the Presbyterian, house, which agreement is still observed. Rev. George Newcomb suceeeded Mi'. Foster, anl continued pastor until the coming of Rev. H. N. Bissell, in 1854. Mr. Bissell served the church here for a jieriod bordering on a quarter century; is still a resident of the county and one of its most esteemed citizens. Rev. Mr. Ellis occupied the jiulpit dimng the last-named pastor's leave of absence, and, when Mi-. Bissell resigned, in 1878, was stated supply. Ellis was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Eddy, now of St. Clair. Since ilr. Eddy"s time, a number of people have filled the pulpit of this chm'ch, until the coming of the present pastor. Rev. Mr. Ireland, in ' September, 1881. Among the prominent members of the church since its establishment, the names of W'illiam Canfield. of Elders Sackett. Snook. Bush, Shear. Drake, G. B. Van Eps. Ram- say, Hubbard, of the Donaldson brothers. A. Rowley, E. Teats, Greorge Grovier, Theodore Traver may be mentioned. T. W. Snook was Clerk from 1849 until a few years ago. The number of members belonging to this society approximates 100 and the congregation about 400. The Episcopal Church. — The above religious body was first established at Mount Clemens in the year 1849. The first services were held in the com't house, under the ministrations of the Rev. Edwai'd McGee, who held the charge until 1851. From this time, the interest in the chiu'ch was allowed to slumber, but not to die. for, in 1867, we find it again revived. The Rev. Milton Ward, from Detroit, held irregular services. He was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Hyde, who was the lu'st resident minister since Mr. McGee. The present commodious and beautiful sacred edifice was erected and dedicated to the service of God in the year 1870. Since its erection, the following reverend gentlemen have officiated: Woodward. Martin. Skinner, and Rev. Mr. Rafter, the latter being the jaresent incumbent. The present officers are: Wardens. Daniel C. Tilden. Dr. W. C. Tenuant; ^'estrymen. Thomas M. Crocker. George R. Law and John Trufant. The con- gi'egation now numbers 210. and is. in every respect, nourishing and prosperous. The Baptist Church. — The Baptist (Jhm'ch was organized on the 17th of October, 1834, with a total enrollment of thirteen members. The pastor who was first regularly ordained to officiate was the Rev. John Booth. The services for several years were held in ^^'\ _ iC-» ^ s r- — < $> 1^ the old court house. As the demands of the congregation increased rapidly, it was deemed expedient to build a church, and the present edifice was erected in the year 1843. The fu-st pastor who ministered in the new edifice was the Rev. Mr. Fult(in. The present offi- cers ai'e: Rev. William A. Kingsbmy, Pastor; George Wood and Harry Briggs, Deacons; Thomas Gilbert, Clerk. There is a jirosperous Sabbath school connecttjd with the church, with Samuel Wood, Superintendent. The total enrollment of scholars at the end of the year 1874 was fifty. The congregation of the church now numbers about 300 souls. The first baptism in the Baptist Church was that of Martha Haines, now known as the Widow Stewai't, residing near Prattsbm-g, N. Y. This lady donated 1500 toward the erection of a parsonage as a memorial of her attachment to the First Bajitist Church of Mt. Clemens. (ierman Evangelical Church. —In the year 1S47. the members of about twenty Ger- man families, then settled at Mount Clemens and neighborhood, assembled at Mount Clemens to hear the services of the German Evangelical Chui'ch in their own language. The first religious meetings were held in the court house, or in the homes of the mem- bers, until May 4, LSB'i, when they pm'chased the old training barracks, formerly used by the Methodist Episcoi)al Church society, erected in 1835 for school purposes. The base ment was fitted up as a residence for the pastor. This building was used as a house of worship until the dedication of the present German Church building, December 19, 1880. In 1870, a parsonage was built. The Sabbath school was inaugurated in 1870, and the same year the denominational school was opened. Among the traveling and permanent pastors of the church since 1847 were Rev. L. Hartmann, 1847; Winkler, 1849; Krause, 1850; Grebner, 1858-55; Krauschert, 1856; Her- man, 1859. Rev. H. Hoff, the first permanent pastor, came in 1859; Rev. J. Keis, 18fi2- 64, and Rev. Hermann Gundert, April 24. 1864. who is the present pastor. The salary- paid Rev. H. Hoif was $250 per annum; that now paid is $600, together with house, fuel and fees. In January, 1880, the subject of building a new church was discussed. Be- fore the close of the year, a modern Gothic structm-e, 42x82, with tower eighty-two feet high, was completed at a cost of $9,000. The building was designed by Henry Shefierly. of Mount Clemens, and liuilt from his plans by Minard Barr. The officers of the society in 1880 were: Charles Ulrich, President; William Flummer. Secretary; Jacob Wolf, Treas- urer; J. Bannow, William Conlon, G. Baenke, Ernest Okie, A. Schrade. William Mar- quardt and Paul Ullrich. Trustees. The membership is about 114. The Sabbath school numbers 120. SCHOOLS OF MT. CLEMENS. BV I'KdF. .SKARS. This history is most resjjectfully dedicated to the ••interviewed." who, with long suffering patience, have been plied with the numerous questions of the historian; and who have "racked their brains'" to call up the information which has made the history possible: Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Tucker, Richard Butler, J. B Eldredge. J. S. Farrar, Mrs. Cuf- ver and Miss Tucker, Maj. William Jenney, W. J. Daley, Mr. and Mrs. William Campbell, Dr. and Mrs. Taylor, Robert Shook, G. W. Robertson," H, W. Babcock, Mr. and Mi-s. N. L. Miller, William Rutter, Jlrs. Dr. Babcock, Mrs. P. M. Pratt. Mr. and Mi-s. T. W. Snook, George and Ed Grovler, Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Cady, J. W. Shook, Rev. and Mrs. Thomas Forster, Miss Zemira Hall, W. S. and A. T. Donaldson, Mr. and Mrs. James Williams, Miss Dr. <^\j-nold. Mi-s. J. C. High. Mrs. Potter, Mi-s. Harriet Eastman. Fred G. Kondrick. Mr. and Mrs. James Cantiehl, Miss Ella Lee, Mrs. Hubbard. S. S. Gale. Edgar Weeks, G. B. Van Eps, A. L. Cantield, Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Van Eps. Mrs. E. C. Gallup. Mr. and Mrs. O. Chapaton. Charles Williams. William Longstafl'. Mr. and Mrs. T. M. Crocker, Mrs. James Snook. Rev. Father Ryckaert, Rev. H. Gundert. »'!r HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Before entering upon the history proper of the Mount Clemens schools, it may be well to state for the understanding of the reader some of the difficulties under which the historian has labored. When I was asked to prepare the history, I readily acceded to the request, .supposing that all the information I should desire might be obtained by sim- ply consulting the early records. My surprise was consequently great, when, upon in- vestigation, I discovered that not a single line of the records of the school districts of Mount Clemens could be found. It is a question in my mind whether the officers of those early schools left any permanent records. Had they done so, it is probable that the rec- ords would have been turned over to the present imion school district at its organization. As a consequence, not a word of record can be found antedating the organization of the union school in 1857. Upon learning of this state of things, the historian had about decided to write only a brief history of the present schools, but, after further consideration, he con- cluded to tap the memories of old residents of the place and ascertain what facts could be produced. The dedication of this history will show to whom I am indebted for the facts and figures here contained. The plan of procedure has been substantially as follows: After learning all the opin- ions, probable and improbable, of those interviewed, if any discrepancies have been ob- served. I have weighed the testimony according to my best judgment and woven what seemed to be the facts into the present nan-ative. No doubt there are those who will dis- pute some of the data, and possibly the occuri-ence of some of the events; but if I have succeeded in getting things doubtful within reasonable bounds of aecui'acy and time of events, I shall feel that my labors have not been wholly improfitable. I have endeavored to make this history an impartial story of all the past and present, ]iublic, private and denominational schools of this town. Should any who may read these pages be able to positively assert that any fact has been erroneously stated, or should any event of interest not herein stated be recalled by any person, I shall be only too glad to make such altera- tions or additions as can be positively affirmed. Schoolhouses were a luxury unknovni in the school history of Mount Clemens pre- vious to about 1838 or 1835. All schools previous to that time were taught in private buildings fitted up temporarily for school piu'poses, and also in the old log court house-- the first court house and jail, combined, that Macomb County ever called her own. It was built upon the site of the present Macomb County Court House, the fu-st tloor being used for jail purposes and the second floor served the triple purpose of court room, school room and church. It was built in 1819 and biu^ned in 1839, being set on fii'e by one of the prisoners. The lu-st school taught in Mount Clemens was held in a building then standing on the west side of Front street, about opposite M. Peltier's blacksmith-shop. The teacher, also singing-master, was Mr. Prescott. He taught in 1818 or 1819. The school was of short dm-ation, he having only three pupils, one of them being Mrs. Gallup, now living on North Gratiot street, and, as a conseqiience, he became disgusted with the prospective literary attainments of Mount Clemens and left in "high dudgeon." In 18'2(>, Samuel B. Beach — a poet — afterward a lawyer, taught in the log com't house. He had a large school for that early day and was a- successful teacher. Soon after this time — probably about 1821 — a girl by the name of McCall taught in the court house. James C. Edgerly was teacher in 1S22 or 1823 in the coiu't house. Richard Butler, whose name appears in the history of the schools in the '"Tucker Settlement,'" came to this part of the counti-y in 1823. He first taught in a building standing near where Mrs. Czizek's house now is, on Court street. In 1824, the spring of the year, he taught in a school building that was called the "old potter^'." The building stood on the present Opera House site. The first floor of the building was used for mak- X. J> HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. iiig a coarse kind of earthenware: the second floor was used for school purposes. Mr. Butler afterward taught in the Detroit schools a number of years. Linus Moore taught a school in 18"24. in the court house. In 182(j. the Cooley Building, a hewed-log affair, was standing on Front street. Just south of Mr. Heine's present stores. For a number of years, one of the rooms in that building was used for a school room. In 1820, a Mr. Hamlin taught there. After completing his school, he returned to Warsaw, N. Y. Mr. Warner, quite an old gentleman at that time, taught in the coiu't house in 1827 or 1828. He had a large school —twenty-five or thirty pupils. He taiight several "quai'ters" of twelve weeks each. He was a man especially fond of mushrooms, and his gathering and taking them to his boai'ding places — of course he "boarded around" — to be cooked, used to be a caiise of much wonderment among the children. In the summer season, for (pite a number of years, probably about 1828 to 1835, Miss Lucy Mather taught school in the building on Front street, opposite M. Peltier's blacksmith shop, where Mr, Pres- cott, the first Mt. Clemens teacher, taught. James Crouk taught in the court house about 1830. Mr. Richardson probably taught in the same place about 1830 or 1831. From 1830 to 1840, the interest of the jieople in schools seemed to materially in- crease. It was during this period that the foundation of the present school system was laid, and the schools became, to a certain extent, public. Those who peruse this history cannot but observe the multiplicity of places where, at some time or another, schools have been taught. By careful computation, it has been ascertained that no less than fifty places are mentioned in this history, wherein schools have been held in this town. Cer- tainly we ought to be a most intellectual people, using this fact as a basis for our judg- ment. The old log court house was still the most prominent of school buildings. The names of the teachers, so far as could be ascertained, who taught there from 1830 to 1840, are the following: Miss Parker, in about 1833; Mrs. Joel Tucker, in 1833 and 1834; Daniel Daniels, in 1834 and 1835; Dr. Campbell, in 1835; Miss Zemira Hall, in the summers of 1830 and 1838; Dr. Philo Tillson, in the winters of 1837 and 1838, and 1838 and 18311; Miss Dana, in 1839. Miss Parker was a most genteel lady, and afterward married a Presbyterian clergyman by the name of A\'hite. Joel Tucker removed here from Pennsylvania. He was a merchant, doing business on Front street, near the site of Mil- ler's Brewery, Mrs. Joel Tucker teaching in the meantime. Mr. Tucker and Mr. Daniels afterward removed to Algonac, where they engaged in the lumber and milling business. The historian is especially indebted to Miss Zemira Hall and Mrs. Thomas Foster for accurate information of the schools of this period. Philo Tillson is at present a resident of Romeo. Miss Zemira Hall had about thirty-five puj)ils belonging to her school. The tuition charged was $2 per pupil for a quarter of twelve weeks. In 1832, Richardson taught in the Cooley building, on Front street. This school was a spring and summer term. Mi-s. John Gilbert had a private school in the Gilbert House, on New street, in 1835 and 1830, the building in which she taught standing on the site of the present Pin- gree property. Her school numbered about twenty or twenty-five pupils. She probably taught in that place for a number of years — from 1835 to 1838 or 1839. Miss Adeline Rutter, now Mi-s. John James, of Detroit, taught a school in 1837 or 1838. in a liuilding then standing on Market street, near the site of Heine's tailor-shop. The Brown building, on the present site of Jacob Shock's store and John Roskojip's meat market, was another school location. A room in this building on the second floor was fitted up for school and church pui'poses. Norton tau_^ht a small select school in this place in 1837 and 1838. He was a good teacher, and afterward probably kept a school on Fi-ont street, about the site of M. Peltier's blacksmith shop. In the winter of 1840-41, Mr. Cilley had a school in the Brown building. From about 1838 to 1840 or 1841, there was a school in Marcellus, South Gratiot <^l® r~ — ^ i> "V T ^ street, presided over by Oran Freeman and Robert Thompson. Others taught in the same place, but the names of the teachers are not to be ascertained. Miss Delia Smith, after- ward Mrs. Dr. Babeock, taught a school in the Fiero House, on Front street, in the winter of 1889-40. She taught a twelve weeks' term, enrolling forty-six pupils, averag- ing about forty per day. From 1840 to 1843, Miss Mary Bacon taught school in the Gil- bert House, on New street, and in the Lee House, on Market street. From the records in the office of Register of Deeds, I learn that Christian Clemens, in November, 1834, deeded to School District No. 7 the southwest corner lot at the junc- tion of New and Cheriy streets. Mr. Pelton's i-esidence now occupies the site. The con- sideration was $1, with the proviso that the same be used forever for school purposes. The officers of the district at that time (1834) were John Stockton. Joel Tucker and R. O. Cooley. I shall call this district Old No. 7, in contradistinction to New No. 7, which had an existence afterward. The district jirobably included all the village of Mt. Clem- ens, with considerable surrounding country. The schoolhouse' was probably built in 1834. It was a good school building for those early days. The seats were placed around the walls, with desks in front, and another row of seats in front of the desks. As to the time this district had an existence, there seems to be some controversy. Mrs. Dr. Bab- cock thinks the schoolhouse burned in 1841, and seems positive that she is right, as she was teaching there at that time. Others assert quite as positively that the house was not burned until 1843. The preponderance of testimony seems to favor the latter opinion. The district was probably organized in 1834, and merged into New No. 7 in 1843 or 1844. The date of the grant to the district hj Mr. Clemens would seem to fix the first date. Some think that the house was not originally intended for school purposes, but had to be made over, so to sjseak. for school uses. From what I regard as the most positive author- ity, I incline to the belief that the house was built for a school. The fu-st schools laught here were of the same character as those previously taught in other places in town. The new school law was not enacted until 1837 or 1838, after which time the school became, to a certain extent, public. The first teacher was Thomas Richardson. The wages of teachers were raised by subscription, all who were interested in maintaining the school paying what they thought they were able for the support of the schools. The names of the other teachers so far as learned, of old No. 7. were Ii'a Stout, 1834 or 1835; Miss Prudence Cook, now Mrs. Pratt, in 1835; Mi-s. John Gilbert, in 1835; Cary Worden, probably in 1835 and 1836 (one term only); Mr. William Campbell, in the win- ter of 1836 — 37. About 1837 or 1838, a gentleman who was nicknamed "Our Oruament." The true name could not be remembered. He was lather unpopular, but had been spoken of at a prayer meeting as an ornament to the town — hence the cognomen. Jefi'eries in 1838 or 1839; Jones in the fall of 1839 or winter of 1840; Miss Delia Smith (Mrs. Dr. Babeock), in 1841; Miss Elizabeth Sacket (Mrs. William Campbell), in 1841 or 1842, for a year or more; Miss Sarah Murray, now Mrs. McDonald, of Detroit, in 1843. It is claimed that when Miss Mm-ray was teaching, the schoolhouse burned, being set on tire by ashes left in a barrel in the vestibule. Of these teachers named, Mr. and Mrs. Campbell, Mrs. Pratt and Mrs. Dr. Babeock live on Shelby street. Mr. Campbell's school numbered from 90 to 120. Cary Worden was excessively fond of strong drink. It is said that he would so far forget his dignity as a teacher as to get gloriously drunk, then go to the schoolhouse and there sleep oft" his deljauch — sometimes in school hom's. When he awoke from his di-unk- en stupor, almost invai'iably he would beat the fkst pupil he saw for some imaginary ofi'ense. The pupils at one time by preconcerted action, gave him a good sound drulibing in payment of "old scores." At the time the new school law went in force, there was much opposition to it because i V .^ dA it was surmised that expenses of maintaining schools would be increased. Under the new law. Mr. James Williams was elected Moderator. He did much to assure the people that the cost would not be increased, while the gain in superior school facilities would be liU'gely augmented. Even at what may appear a rather late date (1836 to 1840), the Indians were very plentiful in this part of the State. They used to assemble in quite large numbers, build their camp-fu-es and execute their war dances on the site of the present Methodist Church. Apropos to this subject, an interesting event occurred while William Campbell was teaching in No. 7. The boys and girls used to have separate recesses. The boys at their recess time were in the habit of going to an old barn situated in the woods, about opposite the present residence of A. T. Donaldson, on North Branch street, to play. One day while there, William Rutter and Floyd Allen, two school-boys, came unexpected u])on the dead Ijody of an Indian covered by hay and straw. Of course, they did uot remain long to investigate, but had a sudden call elsewhere. The whole town soon knew of the cir- cumstances of the finding, and, upon investigation, it was ascertained that the body was one that had been decently interred only a short time before. The Indians were very wroth and suspected that Dr. Campbell and Dr. Henry Taylor were instrumental in resur- recting the body for purposes of dissection. The suspicion growing, the Indians began to mutter threatenings until they became so loud that Dr. Campbell sought safety in a foreign locality and Dr. Taylor kept himself secreted for a time until the excitement had abated. Other versions are given to this Indian story. One is to the effect that the doctors named did emj^loy a man to provide them a cadaver for dissection. The wi-ong body was obtained and secreted in the barn. The Indian chief was called from Salt Kiver who pacified his people, and those who were regarded by the Indians as the sinners. ])urchased their pardon with a gallon of "'fire-water." ^Ir. Jeffreys was a severe disciplinarian. He used to offer jtiayer twice a day. at opening and closing of school. During one of the prayers, the hat of one of the pupils, Granville Chappell by name, blew out of the window. Granville, not wishing to lose his hat, followed through the window. Mr. Jefl'erys sent the guilty youth after some switches, which were emjsloyed in teaching Granville proper decoriun diu'ing prayers. Mrs. Babcock received as tuition of pupils piu-suing the common English branches, gi-ammar, arithmetic, geography, etc., $2 per quarter of twelve we^ks. For primary pu- pils, $1.50 per quarter was charged. Mrs. Babcock states that while she was teaching, in 1841. the house burned, and she completed the term in a house then standing near the present old jail. The house has since burned. Thus endeth the history of old School District, No. 7. Note. — Previous to thu building of Mount. Clemens cliuiciirs. clninli services were held in some of the numerous .sehool-roonis of the town. The Presbyteriiiii- \v.ii^lii|,((l in the log court house. The Methodists worshiped in the schoolhouse of old No. 7. The Haiitisis worshiped in an old log building situated about on the present site of E. J. Okie's store. The Episcopalians afterward used the log court house, and the Presbj'terians went to the "Brown building." I shall treat of the history of the schools from 1840 to 1857 as a unit, because diu-ing this period several new schools were organized, and afterward (1857) they were all merged into the union school. The order of discussion will be; 1. Private Schools ; 2, the .Academy : 3. the District Schools. PRIV.iTE SCHOOLS 1840 TO 1857. From ISHil to about 1841, Mrs. John Dudley, wife of the then officiating Presby- terian clergyman, taught a young ladies' school, first, in Lawyer O'Flynn's office, situated 'ix: :tbout on the present site of Biewers brewery; second, in a building standing nearly op- posite the Sherman House, and third, in the Goldby House, new standing in the rear o( the Robinson block. She was assisted by Rev. Mr. Dudley, and it is said they taught a most excellent school. In 184 1 and 184'2, Miss Frances Lewis (Mrs. Norton L. Miller) and Miss Hall (Mi-s. Thomas Forster) together taught a private school in the Lewis House, only recently torn dovm to make way for the new Macomb County jail. Just previous to this (1840) Miss Hall (Mrs. Forster) had been teaching in the Cady District just north of Mount Clemens. In the winter of 1841-42, Miss Zemira Hall (Mrs. Forster's sister, taught a term in the Dryer Settlement, in the township of Lenox. The schoolhouse. which was a poor old log affair, burned during the term. It must have been about 1840 or 1842 when Simon S. Hall taught — probably in the Brown building. Miss Delia Grosvenor (afterward Mrs. Goodman and now Mrs. Magee. wife of Rev Mr. Magee, an Episcopal clergyman, of Detroit), for a number of years, from 1840 to 1845 or 1846, taught in various places in town — in the Goldby Hoiase, in the Lewis House, in the Lee House, in James Williams' shop (about on the site of Mr. Bentley's jewelry-store), in a building about on the site of Mr. T. W. Snook's store, and finally, as Mrs. Goodman, she taught in the academy. Her school was chiefly for young ladies. She was regarded as a teacher of a high order. Miss Eliza Hillis (afterward Mrs. William Jenney), in 1842 to 1844 or 1845, taught a private school in her own house just back of Father Ryckaert's residence on Pine street, and also in the Lee House. Miss Ada Traver (Mi-s. J. E. Van E])s) taught a private school in the Lee House about 1842 or 184:1 Miss Harriet Allen, in 1842 or 1843, taught a private school on East street, in the house now occujued by Charles King. In 1842 or 1843, Miss Dana taught a school in the house now owned and occupied by Mr. Patton on Pine street. In 1847. Miss Hannah Brovsoi taught a private school on Fraser street. Miss Annette Ward taught a private school in 1847. In the spring of 1850, Miss Gregory taught a private school in the Fenton House on Shelby street. The front room on the first floor was used as the school-room. Either late in the 40's or early in the 50's, Miss Sarah Murray (now Mrs. McDonald) taught a private school in a yellow house now standing on the site of Van Eps & Co.'s store. Slie also taught in a house on Shelby street near the i)resent residence of Mrs. Axtell. About this time Miss Margaret Cook taught a private school on Macomb street. Miss Clara Fulton, in about 1849 or 1850. taught a private school in the building which stood on the site now occupied by A. Jacobi. The school was held on the second floor. At a time not far from this. Miss Vaughan, who had previouslj' taught in the academy, taught a private school in the Mershon House, one door north of Mr. DeHate's residence. North Gratiot street. In about 1850 or 1851, Miss Mary Power (afterward Mrs. Henry Wales, recently deceased), taught in the upper story of Brehler's wagon-shop, on North Gratiot street. In about 1840, Miss Mary Fiero taught a private school in the old tannery, formerly standing on the site of Snook & Robinson's stave-mill. She also taught, about the same time, another school in a yellow house formerly standing on the present Avery House site. The last of the private 'Schools, previous to 1857, of which I have any record, was taught by Miss Dr. Arnold, now of Detroit. Let me introduce to the reader Miss Arnold and permit her to speak for herself. Copy of letter received from Miss Ai-nold: Detroit, Mrcn., September 9, 1881. Prof. 8e.\r.s — Sir : During the spring of 18.57, the union school system of Moimt Clemens was adopted, and the three districts made one. The plan met witli much opposition and it was thought best to experiment a few months on tlie workings of the system using tlie old buildings before levying tax for new buildings? During the three j'ears previous to this I had been teaching a large academic ^IV HISTORY OF MACOMB COrXTY. school. The first year in the old academy building, the building being in a rather dilapidated con- dition, I rented and fitleil up a private building which stood directly in front of the Presbyterian Cliurch. and continued ti-.irhin^ there until the spring of 1857. I then reluctantly yielded to the im- porliinities of thesclini.l hoiinl to help start them off under the new organization. I taught in the building near Mr. Eldn'ili;i'< iisidence in the rear of the Methodist Church. My brother, S. O. Arnold, taught in I hi- lower district and a Mr. Coppernoll in the middle district, where Mr. Bingham had for a number of years taught. The older scholars of the town were almost universally my pupils in private si-hddl, hi-iice it was thought best by the board to allow those who desired from tlie other districts Xv at- tend my schiiol. The result was. I bail on my list over 150 pupils with one assistant. My salary was fol per mimth which was thought to lie i:ener,,ii-, A-2S being the highest price paid before this. I taught si.x raoMths except two weeks, being nleaMil lur that time, with salaiy paid, to enable me to start for Philadelphia in time to enter my first course of medical lectures. A part of the questions asked I cannot answer, but you should have no difficulty in securing the desired information and probabi}' will not. Yours respectfullj-, Licv M. Ahxold. ii West Columbia Street. The three districts of which Miss Arnold speaks in the above letter will be discussed immediately after the history of the academy has been disposed of. HISTORY OF THE ACADEMY. If your historian were to attempt to write the history of the barbarons tribes of Cen- tral Africa, he conldlind but little less authentic record than he has been able to ascertain concerning the academy of Mt. Clemens. No one seems to know when its career began, who began it, how it was commencecl. how it was afterward managed, nor what was the order in rotation of the instructors. The idea has Ijeeome pretty well fixed in the histor- ian's brain, that if evolittion is a natural process, it was most eminently true of the academy, viz., it began itself, ritn itself, and, when it rnu itself ottt, died a jVeaceful and natiTral death. The academy building was the original Methodist Chiu'ch of Mt. Clemens, lately owned iiy the German Church and recently torn down to make room for their present brick edifice. The bttilding was constructed with a basement, which, for some time, was used for school purposes. It seems as far back as early in the 40's, the school was called an academy, but that title did not properly ajiply to it until later, probably about 1850. From an old school record, lately handed me by E. "\^'right Hall, and belonging to Old Dis- trict Xo. I — yet to be discussed — I find that in 18-t3 to 1846. District No. 1 rented the basement of the building in which to hold its district school. The building vvas rented of Robert Thompson, btit was then owned by the Methodists. I incline to the opinion that Mr. Thomi)son had a lease to the building for a term of years, and that he had previously (1840—42) taught a school there. From records in the county register's office, it appears that the Methodists did not dispose of the property ttntil 1850. It was then purchased by a corporation that styled itself the Clinton Instittite. The Trustees of said institute were A. C. Smith. "William Jenney, John I. Traver, John Stephens, H. H. Cady and David Shook. Probably previous to this time (1850), the schools taught in the building were private schools, except when District No. 1 rented it. It had, however, in some way, aei|uired the name of academy, and that had seemed to be its designating term, but it was not until after 1850 that so worthy a title belonged to it. From 1850 to about 1853, the academy saw its palmiest days. After the Clinton Institute purchased the building, up to 1862 or 1863, when the Germans bought it, the property passed through several hands, being owned at one time, about 1856 or 1856, by William Jenney. Early in the 40's (1840-42). it appears that one Eobert (" Bob ") Thompson com- menced teaching in the academy building. Probably his was nothing more than an ordinary private school, he renting the building of the Methodists and teaching on his own responsi- bility. He evidently allowed considerable latitirde to the wild career' of his pujails, and ^-^^—^ -i HIGH SCHOOL BL'LDIWG^ V1T, CLI HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. hence, when Mr. Chase aftei^ward taught, he being a sharp disciplinai'ian. the boys really and titily agi-eed that that was "no Bob Thompson's school, but an academy." After Prof. Chase, some of the teachers were the following: S. B. Axtell, about 1844 or 1845; Carlos Bacon, about 1845 or 1846; Mrs. Goodman, about 1846 or 1847; Justin Fuller, about 1847 or 1848: Luther Taylor, about 1848 or 1849; Nathaniel Culver, about 1849 or 1850; the Newcombs, in 1851 to 1853; Miss Dr. Arnold, in 1854-55. Mi-. Chase had for assistant teachers Mrs. Forster, Miss Mary Bacon and Miss Vaughn. Mr. Chase was considered a good organizer and manager. He was so jealous of his reputation as a disciplinarian than rather to pei-mit his honor in that regard to suffer, he would soundly flog a boy foiu- times in a half day, one of Mt Clemens' prominent professional men being a party to the transaction. S. B. Axtell has since been prominently connected with the political afi'airs of New Mexico and Utah TeiTilories, at one time being their Governor. Mrs. Goodman has been previously mentioned in connection with the private schools of this period. Carlos Bacon besides teaching in the academy also conducted one of the dis- trict schools aftei-ward. Justin Fulton is now a prominent Baptist clergyman of Boston (formerly of New York). Nathaniel Culver was especially esteemed by the fair sex. He was an exemplary young man, not radically strict upon discipline, but probably better liked on that account. Miss Catharine Traver (now Mrs. T. M. Crocker) and Miss Lucy Post were his assistants. "When the Newcombs conducted the academy, it saw its most prosperous days. George and Hemy Newcomb, assisted by their father. Rev. SL'. Newcomb, the j^astor of the Presbyterian Church, were the principal teachers. They were ably seconded by Miss Catharine Traver and Miss Julia Mui'dock as assistants, and Miss Tregent as music- teacher. At this time, the school was quite well supplied with school ajjparatus and it partook of the nature of the seminary. The higher branches were taught, including ancient and modern languages. During this period, William Jenuey, father of William Jenney, present Secretary of State, was an earnest supporter of the institution and did much to advance its interests. Henry Newcomb is now a lawyer of Ludington and George Newcomb a lawyer at East Saginaw. Miss Arnold afterward used the academy building for a year, but her school was a private one. The Newcombs were the last teachers of the academy. Its light went out in darkness, and, as it apparently came into existence without an eftbrt, at least so far as known, so it came to its decease without a struggle. It will be remembered that the schoolhouse in old No. 7 was burned in 1843. Dating from about this time (1843 to 1845). there were three districts organized, including ^bout the present territory of Mt. Clemens with some adjacent country. These districts were numbered 1, 7 and 12. The schoolhouse in No. 1 was built in 1846 at an expense of §30(\ Previous to this, however, District. No. 1 had maintained a school for several years in the basement of the academy building, renting it of Robert Thompson as already related. No. 1 Schoolhouse was located on North Gratiot street, about on the site of A. E. Van Eps' residence. No. 7 Schoolhouse was located on Fraser street, south of the Methodist Chui'ch. No. 12 Schoolhouse was located on Jones street near the jjresent location of the Avery House barns. The school buildings were thought to be pretty good for those times. Nos. 1 and 7 were built of wood; No. 12 of brick. The old school building of No. 1 is now used by Charles Lamb for a work-shoj). It stands just back of his residence on the same lot. The No. 7 Schoolhouse is preserved in form and appearance without, and with- in it has been fitted up for dwelling pui'poses and is used for a residence. It stands on its old site. The schoolhouse of No. 12 was larger and more modern than the others. It was destroyed by lire iu 1848 or 1849. but was rebuilt and used continuously for school pm'poses until 1857, since which time it has been torn down. From Mt. Clemens' present business and professional men much has been learned of the secret history of these early primary schools. They recall with a shudder the stripes received; but, with a keen relish, they relate the circumstances attending the tlu'owing of a teacher out of doors or compelling his unconditional surrender. Upon one of these occasions, in No. 7, as the boys' story goes, after the master had been obliged to run for his life, he retm-ned to the schoolhouse where the boys were hold- ing the fort, and. putting his head in at the door, shouted: " O, boys, yoix'll catch it for this!" But what cared the boys. School was out for the day, and, theyprobably reasoned, take no thought for the morrow. Considerable jealousy existed among the boys of the various districts and not unfre- quently pre-arranged p)itched battles were fought on the commons near the school build- ings. In that barbarous fashion they tested their comparative prowess. Woul . it not have been more civilized had they fought with their brains, rather than with their hstsy It was customary among the teachers to visit each other at their school-rooms and compare notes. In this manner, they enlarged their own ideas, while at the same time they rendered assistance to each other. The means for acquiring the theory and art of teaching were very meager, but of the teachers who were employed in these districts not a few used every aid in their power to perfect themselves for their work — marks of true teachers. Om- modern school-teachers should emulate their example. The record fiu'nished by Wright Hall has rendered me valuable assistance in wi'iting the history of this district. It was organized in December, 1843, Dv. Henry Taylor serv- ing the notice on the taxable inhabitants of the district, as required by law. The school meeting, and afterward, the school, was held in the basement of the academy building. The first officers were: William Cantield, Moderator; John S. Park, Assessor, and W. H. Warner, Director. No fui-ther record of the district is found until 1845, when another notice was served on the taxable inhabitants and a meeting held in May of that year. A three months' school was ordered for the summer. This district usually maintained nine or ten months' school dm'ing the year, but, in 1848, a vote was jsassed to have a twelve months' school for the ensuing year. This vote, however, was afterward rescinded. It was quite generally the custom of this district to levy a tax of .Ijil per scholar tipon the taxable property of the district for defraying the ex2iense of teachers' wages. The schoolhouse was ordered Iniilt in 1847, on a lot situated on the tuxnpike, 195 feet north of E. J. Tucker's lot. The officers of the district were the following: William Canheld, Moderator, 1843, 1844, 1845-47. 1853-1854. Director, 185(»-1851, 1856-1857; W. H. Warner, Di- rector, 1843-44, Moderator, 1848-49; John S. Park, Assessor, 1843-44, lS45-4(); C. Van Dusen, Director, 1845-46; W. S. Robinson, Director, 1846-48; Moderator, 1851-53; Ed- ward J. Tucker, Assessor, 1846-48; Dr. Henry Taylor, Moderator. 1847-4S. Director, 1848- 49; John I. Traver, Assessor, 1848-49. Director, 1849-50, 1851-53; Hiram Bentley, Assessor in 1849 by appointment; D. W. Phillips, Moderator, 1849-50; Richard Stapleton, Assess- or, 1849-50: E. C. (lallup. Moderator, 1850-51; Assessor, 1854-55; John Tucker, Assess- or, 1850-51; George C. Fletcher, Director, 1851-52; Dennis McCaffrey, Assessor, 1851- 53; Hosea Pratt, Director, 1853-54; E. L. Raymond, Assessor, 1853-55, 1857; E.Wright Hall, Director. 1855-56; J. C. McDonald, Moderator, 1855-56; T. J. Rutter, Moderator, 1856-57. The teachers of No. 1, so far as learned, were the following; Pettibone, 1843 or 1844; Millard about 1844 or 1845; Norman Geddes, 1845—46, now a prominent lawyer of Adi-ian; Mervin Tabor, 1846-47, resigned in March. 1847; Joseph Corwin, about ^^ 1847 to 1849, two years; Miss Josephine Cook, about 1849-51: H. A. Lathi-op, 1851; Miss Delia Canfield, about 1850; Miss Catharine Traver (Mrs. Crocker). 1851, snininer terra; Miss Kearney (Mrs. O. Chapaton), 185'2, summer term: A. L. Bingham, 1852 to 1855: Mrs. Mclntyre, Miss Woodi-uff, Miss Liva Beach, Miss Sarah Ormsby, Miss Scranton. as- sistants to Bingham; Dunlap, 1853 or 1854; Mr. D. Abbey, about 1853; Miss Julia Dick- inson, about 1854; Miss Fiero. 1854-55; Gilbert Bates, 1855-56, one year: G, W. Cop- pernoll, 1856-57, one year. I have been informed that Norman Geddes taught in the academy. The school of No. 1 , which he taught, was held in the basement of that build- ing, hence I incline to the ojiinion that he did not conduct the so-called academy. Corbin was a first-class teacher. He did not believe in committing rules to memory, but believed that if a jnipil could solve a certain class of problems, he could state a rule for the pro cess, a fallacy which can easily be proved. The house was seated in an old-fashioned way — seats running around the walls of the room. It is stated that Corbin was obliged to enlarge the house, because of the number of pupils, which he did by building a rough ad- dition to one side of the building. My informant rather thinks that Corbin did this at his own expense, but is uot sure that he was not aided by the district. Miss Josephine Cook, now Mrs. Ashley, is at present a very successful teacher in the pul)lic schools of Cohimbus. Ohio. Dunlap was a red-headed man with a crippled baud. During his reign, the boys did about as they pleased. Upon rhetorical exercise days, after each ex- ercise the pupils would cla]i their hands and stamp their feet. It is proper to say that each pupil was greeted with a round of applause. At one time, to add eclat to the scene, one of the boys threw a large bottle, which he had brought for the purpose, upon the stove, breaking it into a thousand pieces, thus increasing the "bedlam."' Dunlap sent out Hosea Pi-att for some switches one day, and Hosea brought in some rose-bush stalks covered with prickles. It is not related whether he used them on Hosea as he deserved. It is stated on good authority that the pupils respected Miss Traver very highly, and that her influence over them, not only in the school-room, but upon the street, vras most salu- taiy. Miss Kate Kearney was the true type of a teacher, enthusiastic and earnest. She also taught in No. 7. A. L. Bingham is sjjoken of by all as a very excellent teacher. He has followed the profession of teaching almost continuously until the present, and, in fact, is now teaching at Freeland, near Saginaw. He lives at East Saginaw and has held offices of trust. I wrote to Bingham for information in regard to his work here as a teacher. He did not seem inclined to comply with the retjuest, and stated as one of his reasons as follows: "'It is far from being a pleasant subject. When poor and in debt, needing all my hard-earned wages, a Mt. Clemens school board refused to pay me a lial- ance of $100 honestly due me. when I left to labor with a peoj)le who did and who still do pay their teachers." While he was teaching at Mt. Clemens, there was to be a teachers' institute at TJtica. Bingham endeavored to prevail upon other teachers in town to make up a wagon-load and go over with him. All to no avail. Those teachers, like some of those at the present, probably thought they " knew it all,'' and had nothing fm'ther to acquire. Bingham went alone and on foot. The others, who had refused to go. hearing of what he had done, re- pented, got up their load and siTrprised him by their attendance upon the institute. Bing- ham used to make Washington's birthday a sort of gala day. when his school pre]iared exercises to speak and read, and addresses were delivered to the |iupils by prominent men in town. It was a sort of " W'ashingtou's Memorial Day.'" In March, 1855, a teachers" institute was held at Mt. Clemen^, which was largely attended and very successful. Gilbei't Bates had formerly taught in No. 12, and was well liked. He was an e.wel- lent mathematician. He afterward became a surveA'or and gave much attention to civil rrv* 556 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. engineering. He was elected County Surveyor in one of the northern counties of this State, a few years since. He died a few years ago. Coppernoll was a good man and a good teacher. Since writing the above, I have received a letter from Mr. Geddes, who is Probate Judge of Lenawee County. I give it in full; Probate Court Lenawee County, Nok-Man Geddes, Judge. • / Adkian, Mich.. November 1, 1881. S Mr. Wesi.ky Seahs, Mount Clemens — Dear Sir : Oii my return home after an absence of two weeks. I fear yours t>{ ilie l.Sth ult. I hasten to reply, but find that I shall not be able to ijve you any information that will lie of service. I went to Mount Clemens in 184::i and remained until \^^l> ; was a student in the office of Richard Butler and also of the late Ciles ilubbard. While there. I taught three terms in what I think was called the north district, oci-upyin;;- the basement of a Methodist Church, which then stood in a northwesterly direction from the cniiri Inmse, not far from the residence of the late Dr. Henry Tajior and Dr. Babcock, both of whom \m iv ikiMmus. I do not know who preceded or succeeded me. It is my recollection that there were two districts, in one of which the late Andrew S. Robertson taught at the same time. I know that Mr. Robertsim and I roomed together while we were teaching in the village. We were friends and kept up a correspondence for several years. I have known many able men in my time, but have never known or associated with any man intimately, for whom 1 had such admiration as for Andrew S. Robertson. His knowledge of En.glish literature was very extensive ; his taste and appreciation of the beautiful, of the higliest order. He was a generous, warm-hearted friend, and I shall always remember iT.y association with him and the time spent in >[ount Clemens as one of the most delightful memories. In the school taught by me, only the English branches were taught. I think Mr. Roiicrtson had a L.itin < la^s. luu it was very small. We each re- ceived $18 permon'h and board among the patrons if we chose to avail ourselves of it. Think I averaged some thirty pupils; that Gen. Canfleld, Dr. Babcock and Dr. Taylor were ofticcf^ of the dis- trict. I cannot ri.'C the exact time in which I taught, but think it was in 1845 or 1846. Their wi- no academy at Mount Clemens while I was there, at least I have no recollections of theic U<'iu-^ -iicli. Among my pupils now living I only recall young Dr. Taylor. A Mr. Axtell was teaching ciijin l.ciore or after I tau.i,dit, but I am not ciiinin whether in the village or not. I regret that I ctuiiiot gi\i' you anything of interest, liut the tm t is that neither Robertson nor I taught school save a^ ,i means to something else, and were alway- i;lad when the quarter ended and we could draw our large ( '.') salaries. Hoping you may be more successful in other quarters, I am Very truly yours. Noumax Geddes. The sehoolhouse of District No. 7 was located on Fraser street, south of the Method- ist Church. The building still stands on the same site and is used for a dwelling-hotise. Teachers of No. 7 — Andrew S. Robertson, 1845 or IS-tH, assisted by Miss Amorette Childs; Rev. Mr. Hudson, about 184(5: Thomas Patton, about 1846 or 1847; Carlos Ba- con, about 1848 to 1850, assisted by Jeannette Lufkin and Josephine Cook: Mr. Pettibone, about 1848 to 1850, assisted by Miss Helen Dunham; A. L. Bingham, 1850-53. assisted by Miss Cynthia Cole and Misa Leonard; Charles Dennison, 1853, in the fall of the year, until the fall of 1854, assisted by Miss Catharine Kearney (Jlrs. O. Chapatou) and Miss Mary Dixon; Edward Bentley, about 1854 or 1855; Robert Campbell, about 1855 or 1856. The district was organized about 1845. Some of its officers were: Moore Stephens, at one time Moderator; William Longstaif, at one time Director; William Roy. at one time Assessor; John Dixon, at one time Assessor; Silas Dixon and A. C, Smith. A. S. Robertson, if he ivas not the first teacher in No. 7, w;is certainly one of the tirst. He afterward was one of Mt. Clemens' prominent professional and business men. also State Senator, and, for a long time, was connected with the union scliool as an officer. He was a thorough teacher and well liked. Hudson was pastor of the Methodist Church at the time he taught. Thomas Patton was admitted to the bar in Mt. Clemens. He afterward returned to New York State, where he soon after died of consumption. Carlos Bacon, also a teacher at one time in the academy, was not, strictly speaking, a success in disciplining. His failure in this respect resulted in sending some of the ••unrulies" to the Romeo Academy, then a branch of the State University. It is not reported that the said " unrulies" ever succeeded, or even attempted, to Hog the Principal of that institu- tion. Miss Lufkin is now JVIrs. Benjamin, of Romeo. Miss Josephine Cook has been ^^ -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. mentioned in connection with the schools in No. 1. Ezra Pettibone taught in No. 7 a year or more, 1849 — 50. A. L. Bingham was the same thorongh-going teacher in No. 7 as in No. 1. Miss Leonard, since Mrs. J. Brigg, of Chesterfield, died in 1880. Miss Cyn- thia Cole is now Mrs. Melville Pashal, of Bay City, Mich. Charles Dennison is now a prominent lawyer of Bay City, and qiiite a politician withal. He commenced teaching in the fall of 1853. and continued the school till about Thanksgiving. 1854. He then left, and his assistant. Miss Kearney, assumed control, with Miss Mary Dixon as her assistant. The board earnestly re P> >- 2; :^ !z! !z; !^ 1^ !Z| !zi !z; ■5"o o c o o g ; I Numbpi li^Hif 3 ">"■•= 2.E;^ ^ £. X. £. £. i. S ^ = '2 3 si!: ^•S3||3: ■■ J iiiiiiiiiEy?? 0 0 0 TS •=- ? • |i3'2-?-5: 1 •' '^. T'o^^i-i^z^^'i cfi^ 0 s---- i; • ■ • p 3 • ■ -■ ^; Fi ?\ ': . . : . . ^ . . ^- r : , : CO «0 ODCO CT -"-^ tc ic >*- 00tio«::c:aoccGD£; CO -^ IC to wT — :£ x cs — ic to -a to ic *^ -3 :c ^ tDOD — Of «C Jl 01 -J 00 = 3: ^ J- ii (i ? S S -'5 *^ CC S c 0 it^ c 0 ic b = ci IS c: gfe coSc aj" » i ~1 ■» _ =ll -„di gi g £;„ M 3 C-, c-fe "15 *o« CO « ^ s 0=2 S-.?=.= . rp. p So- g83?s^g5i° = ""'-'§; = -fe|rS>^ ■«■ _^ u 0^ i^ -iO — *»-- Oi p. Ct t^ CC _ 'ZC HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The average per capita cost for superintendence and instruction, based on "average number belonging." has been as follows: 1874-75, $13.55; 1875-7fi, $12.70; 1876-77, $9.45; 1877-78. $iU3; 1878-79, $9.68; 1879-80, .18.82; 1880-81. $7.92. All records are kejit in a satisfactory manner in the high school. The exact standing of each pupil in every branch is on file. 5IASONI0. Lebanon Lodge, No. 7. was proposed at Mt. Clemens May 5, 1841. Among the mem- bers present were A. C. Smith. Ebeu Hall, Henry M. Dodge, J S. Parke, Allen Fish, Thomas M. Perry, Dan Shattuck, Joseph Cole. The lodge was organized June 7, 1841: Ebeu Hall, W. M.; J. S. Parke, S. W.; A. Fish. J. W.; H. M. Dodge, Secretary. The principal olficers elected since that time were: Worshipful Masters— Eben Hall, 1842-43; A. C. Smith. 1844; Eben Hall, 1845-47; John S. Parke, 1848: Allen P. Bentlev. 1849: A. C. Smith, 1850-51: O. B. Smith, 1852; Harelehigh Cai'ter, 1853; Eben Hall, 1854; Harelehigh Carter, 1855; Henry Taylor, Sr., 1856. Recorders— A. G. Parke, 1842-16; Allen P. Bentley, 1847; Eobert P. Eldredge, 1848; A. G. Parke, 1849; A. P. Bentley, 1850; James Fenton, 1851-52: A. C. Smith, 1853; Harelehigh Carter. 1854; A. C. Smith, 1855; W. S. Robinson, 1856. Mf. Clemens Lodge, No. 6, was organized September 4, 1857: Worshipfiil Masters- Robert P. Ekkedge, 1857-60; William S. Robinson. 1861-62; R. P. Eldredge, 1863-66: T. M. Crocker. 1867 ; Cephas Farrar, 1861; James B. Eldredge, 1869-70; James Kurn, 1871: G. W. Robertson, 1872-78; A. E. Van Eps, 1879-80; Wes- ley Sears, 1881-82. Recorders — William S. Robinson, 1857-58; Judson S. Farrar. 1861; R. P. Eldredge. 1862; Theo Traver, 1863; H. B. Hall, 1864; W.S.Robinson, 1865-71: L. D. Culver, 1872; James M. Heath, 1873; L. E. Woodruff, 1874-75; Joseph Lonsby, 1876; A. E. Van Eps, 1877; George M. Crocker, 1878; T. H. Foster, 1879; G. W. Robertson, 1880; G. AV. Rol)ertson, 1881-82. The ])resent officers are: Wesley Sears, W. M. ; G. M. Crocker, S. W.; Joseph Lons- by J. W. ; Alex Jacobi, S. D.; Philo Wiilrig, Jr., J. D.; G. W. Robertson, Secretary; G. B. Van Eps, Treasurer: John Allmand, Tiler; E. W. Lewis and F A Keith, Stewards The Mt. Clemens Chapter, R. A. M.. was organized February 28, 1870. with R. P. Eldredge, H P. The High Priests elected since that time were: R. P. Eldredge, 1870-75: G. W. Robertson. 1875-77; S. B. Russell, 1877-78; T. \V. Newton, 1878-79; W. C. Teunant, 1879-80. The officers elected December 8, 1S81, are: Joseph L'pleger, H. P. ; T. W. Newton, K. ; Alfred Stewert, S. ; E. W. Lewis, C. of H. ; A. E. Van Eps, P. S. ; F. Lonsby, C. of G. : Abner Hayward, M. of 3d V. ; William G. Crittenden, M. of 2d v.; Alex Jacobi. M. of 1st V.; Paul Ulrieh, Treasurer; G. W. Robertson, Secretary: and John Allemand, Sentinel. I. O. O. F. Macomb Lodge. No. 13, was organized under disjiensation March 9, 1846, in response to the petition of Henry D. Terry, C. G. Cady, Henry C. Kibbee. Joshua B. Dickenson and Horace K. Dickenson. The lodge was installed March 11, 1846, by Most Worshipful Grand Asher S. Kellogg. The first officers were: C. H. Carey. N. G. ; H. D. Terry, V. G. ; H. C. Kibbee, Secretary; J. B. Dickenson, Treasurer. This lodge continued in exist- ence until June 30, 1854. Subsequently, the charter was revoked by the Grand Lodge, which, on the re-organization of No. 13. March 20, 1874. was returned, with the effects of the old lodge, by Deputy Harris. The first officers of Macomb Lodge, No. 13. re-organ- ized, were: John E. Van Eps, N. G.; C. C. Lamb, V. G. ; George B. Van Eps, Secre- tary; Hem-y Connor, Treasurer; J. C. Ross, P. S. : William Roy, Conductor. rrf" The Noble Grands from 1874 to 1882 were: John Van Eps, 1874; Charles C. Lamb and Edgar Weeks. 1875; F. C. Lamb and John E. Van Eps, 1S7(k F. C. Lamb and F. H. Bentley. 1877: John Trnfani and Adolph J. Okie. 1878; M. L. Skillman and H. E. Rus- sell, 1879; Julius Koehler and Hiram D. Atwood, 1880; James Broderick and E. J. Okie, 1881-82. The officers serving at present with INIi'. Okie are: Frank Ramsay, V. G. ; Charles Fluemer, Secretary; R. Oesterich, Permanent Secretary; and Gustave Waltzer, Treasiu"er. The term for which these officers are elected expires July 1, 1882. The number of members belonging to Lodge No. 13 is forty-five. The financial condition compares favorably with any Odd Fellows Lodge in the State, and the greatest harmony prevails. Since 1874, it has taken a very important part in the benevolent work which it is formed to carry on. Camp No. 8'1, I. O. O. F., was established in August, 1881, with B. Rush Jackson, Chief Patriarch; Julius Koehler, S. W. ; R. Oesterich. Scribe; Adolph J. Olde. Treasurer; H. D. Atwood, H. P. The officers of the camp at present are: Julius Koehler, C. P.; Richard Stone, H. P.; E. J. Olde, S. W.; James Broderick, Scribe: Gustave Waltzer, Treasiu'er. The charter members numbered fifteen, to which five have been added. Like the lodge, the camp is a prosperous organization. Mt. Clemens Grange is one of the most im])ortant associations in the county. Its offi- cers at the present time comprise: A. H. Cautield, M. ; H. D. Atwood, O. ; G. J. Shoe- maker, Lect.; J. J. Kelley. S. ; G. H. Little, Asst. S.: Mrs. T. Cantield. Chaplain: Will- iam Nunnelv, Treasurer: J. C. Cadv, Secretary: H. Carter. G. K. ; Mi-s. H. Canfield, C. ; Mrs. William Nunnely, P.; Mrs. J. R. Trufant, F. : Mrs. William Green, L. A. S. The sporting circles of the city are represented by the Mt. Clemens Hunting and Fi.shing Club, of which James B. Eldredge is President, and H. "W. Babcock, Secretary. MANUF.^CTURING INDUSTRIES. Van Eps & Co.'s tannery was established in 1839, by Hotchkiss & Moody, who disjsosed of their interests to the present firm in 1844. The tannery was destroyed by tire, again built and destroyed, rebuilt, and again burned June 5, 1881. The main building is 40x80 feet, two stories high, with engine house. The product is about three thousand hides an- nually, valued at SI 5. 000. The members of the firm are J. E. Van Eps and G. B. Van Eps. The former sujierintends the tannery, while the latter manages the boot and shoe store, harness-shop and leather store, located on the public square. Donaldson Bros., manufacturers of can-iages, wagons and agricultm'al implements and castings, established this industry in 1859. During that yeai-, W. S. Donaldson opened a blacksmith-shop. In 1860. he tiu'ned out a few wagons. Subsequently, the business so increased that, in 1865, he entered into partnership with his brother. Andrew Donaldson, entered on the manufacture of wagons extensively, and established a horse- shoeing shop in the old Chandler building. Thomas Donaldson, who died in 1869. be- came a partner in 1868. In 1870. the foundry and agricultural implement departments were added. In 1874, the large brick factory building was erected, and in the fall of 1881, the brick foundry building was raised. The main building is 40x50 feet; the foun- dry 45x62, with addition 1 2x22, together with a number of wooden buildings and a large brick structui'e now proposed. This manufacturing industry gives employment to thirty skilled workmen, is growing yearly in popular esteem, and gives promise of still greater advances. C. S. & L. Groesbeck's stave factory was established by Charles A. Groesbeck in the fall of 1880. The machinery employed is known as Greenwood's latest improved, which is driven by a thirty-five horse-power engine. The capacity of the factory is 5.000.000 staves annually, the manufactm-e of which gives employment to from twenty-five to thirty men. The elm and basswood used are obtained from the Canadian forests. ^l^ 5G6 HISTORY OF MACOMB COU>'TY. The Groesbeck saw-mill, at Wallacebm-g, Canada, where bolts ai'e prepared for the stave-mill, as well as hard and soft lumber for the Detroit and Buffalo markets, must be considered a branch of the Mt. Clemens establishment. Mt. Clemens City Mills were built in 1869, by William Flummer & Co.: were bui-ned in 1!S7] ; rebuilt the fall of the same year by S. Kellogg & Co. Mr. Flummer purchased the interests of his partners in 1879. The mills contain three sets of buhi-s. Cosgrove rollers, etc., etc. The machinery is driven by a seventy-five horse-power engine. The building is three stories high, with basement, supplied with all the modus operandi of a tirst-class mill necessary for ciistom and merchant work. Van Landeghem & Son's stave factory was erected in the winter of 1862-63, by Bruno Van Landeghem. The building is -10x50 feet, supplied with (i-reenwood, Dougherty & Trevor machinery, drivej by a thirty horse-)>ower eugine. The product equals 7,000 cords annually- The factory and vard are valued at §11,0] 10. The additions made in 1881 are valued "at *rj,000. The saw-mill, hub and spoke factories now operated by this firm were purchased from Hall & Shook in 1881. The mill wbs built in 1871, by the last-named firm. The pres- ent operators hHve converted the hub and spoke department of the concern into a stave factory. - The lumber used is principally Canadian growth, and is rafted up the river to the saw-mill, where it is px-epared for the stave factory. The mill has a custom trade of 5,000 cords annually, together with 1.0'J0,000 feet of lumber. A seventy horse-power engine drives the machinery. During the summer months, these industries give emjiloy- meut to 125 hands. Snook & Robinson's stave factory was erected in 1868 by Snook & White, who ope- rated it until 1873, when it became the property of the present owners. The concern was burned in March, 1875, entailing a net loss of $12,000. It was rebuilt by T. W. Snook as a stave and heading factory immediately after. The owners were among the first to in- troduce the Tomlin.son patent hoop machinery in 1874. The saw-mill was built in 1881, with all the advantages at the command of the firm. It is stated that orders already in from New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and Detroit insure a steady business until Jidy, 1883. Last year's product was 8,750,000 staves, together with the same number of head- ings. Steam power is used. The raw lumber is rafted to the mill, and there prepared for the factory. Lewis Brehler & Co.'s sash, door and blind factory was established August, 1868, by Potter & Ai-msby. The latter sold to Lewis in the fall of 1868. Five years later. Groes- beck purchased Potter's interest, and, in partnership witli Lewis, operated it until 1878. when the concern was purchased by the present firm. It is the pioneer sash, door and blind factory of the city. In its early days, it was a small shed, standing on elm posts; to-day, it is a two-story "building, 40x58 feet, with wing 20x20, shed 18x40, and storeroom 20x60 feet, giving employment to fourteen men. A full line of best machinery, including the Tompkins planer and matcher, is in use. The machinery is driven by a fifteen horse- power engine. Kendi-ick's sash, door and blind factory and i)laniiig-mill is one of the principal man- ufactm-ing industries of the county. It was erected in the winter of 1874-75, by Benedict & Betts. In the summer of 1875^ Benedict sold his interest to Allor & Betts. who, a few months later, sold to F. G. Kendrick. Allor disposed of his interest to the present owner in April, 1881. The laain building is 40x60 feet, two stories high, with an addition 26x78, and a wing, now being built. 22x60 feet. The concern furnishes timber for build- ing purposes, together with manufacturing articles of furniture Steam power is used in the various departments. The laud, buildings and machinery are valued at $11,000. Clinton River Brewery, established in 1873 by Aug Biewer, has a capacity of 1.000 S) \ jy± ^Uv barrels per annum. Trade is principally local. The main building is 90x45. with ice house '20x'24. and store 20x28. The grounds have 161 feet frontage. Mt. Clemens Lime Kilns were established in 1846. by Ed J. Tucker. He is the pres- ent owner of tne works, and a dealer in land plaster, calcimine plaster, cement, cut hair, sheathing paper, etc. Lufkin's Brickyard was established about lS5o, by Varuuiu Lufkin, who operated it successfully until his death, in January. 1880. I*- is now managed by Floyd Lufkin. During 1881. 675,000 bi'ick were made. The Quaker brick machine has been recently in- troduced; also, Pallet's drying system is used, being the only yard whei'eiu it is in use in this State. The capacity of the factory is 2,000,000 annually. This record of progress is very conciliating: but yet much remains to be done The first, and perhaps most important, work in which the city could engage, is that of laying down a wooden pavement from the Grand Trunk Railroad depot to the public s(piare, round the square itself, and thence easterly to the line of Harrison Township. The con- dition of the public thoroughfares of Mt. Clemens from November, 1881, to the beginning of the summer of 1882 was. to say the least, one which might characterize a village of the last centmy. The winter was a very exceptional one indeed. Throughout Macomb County, the atmosphere seemed to shower down mud, and when the atmospheric phenom- enon ceased, the very earth appeared to be undergoing a process of muddleizatiou. A street railway and paved thoroughfares are now the only rer[uisites to prove that this city keeps pace with the Century. In the personal history of the city, references are made to these and other industries. CLINTON TOWNSHIP. So much has been said and written already of this division of the county, that little remains to l)e told. Within the limits of Clinton, the Moravian missionaries and their converts of the Delaware Indians made their fli'st settlement in Michigan. Here, too, the lu-st American pioneers located, and hither may be said to come all the white Americans who made the county their home previous to its organization. The beginnings of Ma- comb County were made here, and here stands to-day that well-built jiile, the county court house, to show, as it were, that the spot which the first American settlers dedicated as the seat of justice for their county, is still guarded by their descendants and the many v.-ho have reaped the rewai-d of their early enterprise and industry. In the following brief sketch of the township's history, the names of the priucii)al town of&cers. from date of organization to the present time, are given. It is beyond the range of practicability to refer to the various acts of the different town boards or adminis- trations. That the well-being of this division of the county was their object cannot be doubted, since the present pros]ierous cordition. the growth of its educational affairs, and. we might add, the very habits, manners and customs of its population tell of precedents laid down by these township legislators and followed liy their constituents. OEG.\NIZATION. Clinton Township, or Town 1, in Range 12. and Towns 1, 3 and part of 2. in Ranges 18 and 14. was erected April 12. and the first town meeting ordered to be held in the court house at Mt. Clemens May 2S. 1827. At the meeting held on the latter date, Will- 1am Olds presided as Moderator, with Ephraim McCall, Clerk. The election resulted as follows: Job C. Smith, Supervisor; Thomas Ashley, Town Clerk; William Olds. Collector; Harvey Cook, Joseph Hayes and Joseph Sansfacon, Assessors; James Connor and Elisha *^ t 568 HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Harringtou, Overseers of the Poor; Ezekiel Allen, James Connor and Elisha Harrington, Commissioners of Hiuhways; Silas Haley ami William Olds, Constables; James Connor, William Olds, Ephraim McCall and Peter Alor. Overseers of Highways; Hiram Atwood, John Miller and Charles Pivard. Fence Viewers; ^^'illiam McDonald, Poiuid keeper. A special meeting was called June 16, 1827. when Alfi'ed Ashley was erected Clerk, vice Thomas Ashley, resigned. Baptiste Eattell was chosen Pound-master, vice William McDonald, resigned; John Cotteral was elected a third Constable, and John Rhodes elected Overseer of Highways, vice James Connor. TOWN ROSTER. Supervisors— Job C. Smith, 1827-28; James Connor, 1828-29; Harvey Cook. 1829- 30; John Stockton, 1830-33; Christian Clemens, 1833-35; Rodnov O. Cooler. 1835-36; Richard Butler, 1836-37; Rodney O. Coolev. 1837-38; Richard Butler. 1838-39; Pres- cott B. Thiu-ston. 1839-40; Chauncev G. Cadv, 1840-41; Isaac J. Grovier, 1841-42; Richard Butler, 1842-43: Porter Kibbee. 1843-45; David Shook, 1845-49; Anth-ew S. Robinson, 1849-50; Charles H. Carey, 1850-51; Chauncey G. Cady, 1851-52; Wesley Hinmau, 1852-54; Lemuel Sackett, 1854-56; Andrew S. Robertson, 1856-57; John 1. Trevor, 1857-59; Thomas L. Sackett, 1859-62; Joshua B. Dickenson, 1862-63; August Czizek, 1863-65; Thomas L. Sackett, 1865-68: John I. Trevor, 1868-69 : Thomas L. Sackett, 1869-70; George W. Robertson, 1870-75; Judson S. Farrar, 1875-79; Alfred W. Little, township, Judson S. Farrar. citv, James A. Cantield, Ai- hur Van Eps. 1879-80; William A. Rowley, township, Judson S Farrar, citv. Heurv W. Babcock. citv, Ai'thur E. Van Eps, city; 1880-81; William A. Rowley, township, William E. Hall, city, Henry W. Babcock. citv, Arthur E. Van Ejis. city, 1881-82. Clerks— Thos. Ashley, Alfred Ash lev, 1827; Eobt, P. Eldi-edge. 1828; Richard Butler, 1829-31; Rodney O. Cooley. 1832-34; Elisha L. Atkins. 1835; Prescott B. Thurston. 1836- 38; Henry U. Terry, 1839; Ira Stout, 1840-41; Giles Hubbard. 1842; Ira Stout, 1843-45; Andrew S. Robertson, 1846; Sam B. Axtell. 1847; Jesse Kibbee. 1848; Edward Fishpool. 1849-50; George Scott, 1851-57; Charles B. Lee, 1857; Theo O. Leonard, 1858; George Scott, 1859-60; Abram Wise, 1861; George Scott. 1862-65; Charles Wood. 1866; F. H. Beney. 186^; George H. Pelton. 1868-71; John Trevidick. 18(1; Henry W. Babcock. 1872-79; Joseph Lumens, 1879-80; Leslie H. Duncan. 1880-81; John T.Weiss, 1881-82. Collectors— William Olds. 1827-30; James C. Allen, 183(1; Hiram Atwood, 1831; William Olds. 1832; Charles S. Mather, 1833; Horace H. Cadv. 1834; Charles S.Mather, 1835; Joseph Hubbard, 1836-38. ' Treasurers — William Henry Wai-ner, 1839; Charles A. Emerson, 1840-41 ; Eleazer L. Goodman, 1842; Sylvanus Leonard, 1843-45; William Roy, 1846; George Dixon, 1847; Hiram Bentley, 1848-49; Harvey Kibbee, 1850-51; Dennis McCaffrey, 1852-53; James Feu- ton, 1854; John Bany, 1855; Varnmn Lufkin. 1856-57; MjTon White, 1858-59; A. Czizek, 1860-62: R. Steiger, 1863-64; John C. Riemold, 1865-68; Casper Peters, 1868- 69; Edward Tremble, 1870-71: Trangott Lungerhausen, 1872-74; Victor A. Morass, 1874-77; William E. Hall. 1877-78; George H. Pelton, 1878-79; John V. Wiegaud, 1879-81; JohuPriehs, 1881-82. Justices of the Peace — The Justices appointed by the Governor of the Territory pre- vious to 1836 are referred to in the pages of the general history. William H. Warner. Prescott B. Thurston, Elisha L. Atkins, Israel Curtiss, 1836; Richard Butler. Joseph Cole, 1837; Thomas R. Boiu-ne. A. B. Adams, 1839; John Stockton, Robert Welter, 1840; Chauncey G. Cady. 1841; T. B. Thm-ston. 1842; R. Weltes. 1843-17; John Stock- ton. 1844; Chauncey G. Cady, 1845; Allen P. Bentley, 1845-48; Lemuel Sackett, John Stockton. Fred Hatch, 1849; Porter Kibbee, 1850; Fred Hatch, 1851; Lemuel Sackett, l>4^>fe^ Jf ,u HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 1853: Kobert B. Granbv, 1854; Fred Hatch, 1855-59; John Stockton, 1856-57; Henry P. Mitchell, 1857; Robert B. Grauby. 1858; John Stockton, 1860; Harlehigh Carter, 1862; Fred Hatch, 1863; Robert B. Granby, 1864; John Stockton, 1865; James Whiting, 1866; Lemuel Sackett, Charles Cox, 1867: Fred Hatch. 1868. John Stockton, 1869; George M. Crocker. 1870; John Mitchell, 1871; William L Cvirtiss, 1872; Charles S. Groesbeck, John T. Weiss, 1873; George M. Crocker, 1874; Patrick O'SuUivan, 1875; Chai-les S. Gioesbeck, 1876; John T. Weiss, 1877; Spencer B. Russell. 1878; Lewis A, Fox, Horace R. Beebe, 1879; Louis A. Fox, 1880; August Dietrich, 1881. Henry D. Terry was elected attorney for the township. SCHOOLS. Reference is made to the early schools of Mt. Clemens in the historj^ of that city. The first record of township school matters appears under date April 9, 1839, when Ebe- nezer Hall, Henry Taylor and Henry D. Terry formed the Board of School Inspectors. A second meeting of the board was held May 22, 1839, when it was ascertained that the rec- ord of schools, if such ever existed, could not now be found in the Clerk's office, and the board resolved, '"that there is no legal school district organized in the township of Clin- ton.'' A second resolution provided for the division of the township into school districts, which latter resolution was given effect to May 25. 1839, when the township was laid off into eight districts, the temtory in and adjacent to the incorporated village of Mt. Clemens forming No. 1 District. The amount of first school and library moneys apportioned to Clin- ton Township was only $90.40, the notice of apportionment being made in February, 1840. SCHOOL .STATISTICS OF THE PRESENT. The township is laid off into seven school districts and one fractional district. The directors for the year 1881-82 are Edgar Weeks, of the Mt. Clemens School, known as District No. 1: Meudon Dunham, of No. 2: Charles Dans, of No. 4; Robert E. Miller, of No. 5; Ernest Hagan. of No. 6; Michael Barry, of No, 7, and Norton Savage, of No, 10. Alfred Stead is Director of School No. 3. The total number of children, aged between five and ten jears, enumerated in the school returns as belonging to the township, is 1,552, of whom 935 are in District No. 1; 75 in District No. 2; 66 in District No. 4; 174 in District No. 5; 42 in District No. 6; 54 in District No. 7; 114 in District No. 10, and 92 in fractional District No. 3. The two school brick buildings at Mt. Clemens, with other school property, are valued at S22,0OO. The other seven buildings in the township are valued at $3,500, showing the total value of school property in 1882 to be $25,500. The total sum paid the teachers of the township for the year ending September, 1881, was $4,- 195, of which sum the teaching staff at Mt. Clemens received $3, 180. The total expendi- tures for the year ending September, 1881, amounted to $7,454,68. The public school fund yielded $1,634.52, the 1 mill tax, $1,565.65 and the balance received from the ordi- nary school revenue of the township. VILLAGES OF THE TOWNSHIP. The village of Cady, or Cady's Corner, is a small settlement composed chiefly of Ger- man farmers and their families, dating from 1834. It is on Clinton River, in the center of a rich agi'icultural region, about seventeen miles above Detroit, five southwest of Mt. Clemens, the county seat, and near Eraser Station, on the Grand Trunk Railway, to which depot goods should be shipped. It has a German Lutheran Chiu'ch and common school. Mt. Clemens was established an incorporated village in 1837. Warsaw, Frankfort, Marcellus, Frederick and other little centers of population wished to he incorporated. The first allowed its village charter to lapse, and did not re-seek incorporation until 1851; r ^" — ^ ^^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the other villages died away in Mo. The last building of Frederick is now a total wreck, its debris of timber and brick reminding the traveler of what the city of Mt, Clemens might have been had not the following citizens laid the foundations on which its present citizens built and continue to build: Christian Clemens. John Stockton. Giles Hubbard, Robert P. Eldredge, Thomas L. Sackett, William Cantield. Henry R. Babcock, M. D., Heniy Taylor, Sr., M. D., George Lee, M. D., Pemn Crawford, Dr. Hall. J. B. Dickinson, T. M. Cix)cker, Thomas Ashley, James L. Conger, Henry Harrington, Aaron Weeks. Varnum Lufkin, John Dixon, Abner C. Smith, Thomas M. Perry. Frederick Hatch, Henry D. Terry, Andi-ew S. Robertson. William Jenny. .John Stephens, Moore Stephens. Henry M. Dodge. PERSONAL HISTORY. History is a relation of facts, while biography is actually a history of the lives and characters of those men who caused such facts to have an existence. One should be in- separable from the other; and so apjaarent is this, so apparent has it been, that for some years we made it a practice to deal fully with the people who have made subject for the histories of our counties, and particularly with those whose intelligence now guides them to place couiidence in our work, to realize its value, to take an especial pride in its success. In the following sketches, it will be evident to the reader that an effort has been made to deal fairly with the people of this city. We owe them a bona fide history for the special support they have given the work. We owe them our thanks for the hearty co-operation extended to ourselves and to our employes. MOUNT CLEilENS AND CLINTON TOWNSHU'. LOUIS A. ALLOR. son of Louis Allor. of Trois Rivieres, near Quebec City, was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., October 2, 1835; came to St. Clair County, Mich., in November, 1852; to Macomb County in 18t)5 and settled in Ray Township; was foreman in Schmoors stave and sawmill, in St. Clair County, for two years; in Cooper & Lathrop's mill, at Richmond, for one year; farmed in Ray for a few years; in Snook & White's stave and heading mill for about two years; in Hazleton's heading factory, at Baltimore Station, for about two years; came to Mt. Clemens in 1875, and was partner with F. G. Kendrick, in sash, door and blind factory, until 1881, since which time he has had charge of the ma- chinery in Lewis & Brehler's j)laning-mill. Pi-evious to 18G2, he held the offices of Super- visor, Justice of the Peace and School Inspector, and was Notary Public for fom- years, and taught school in one district for ten terms before the war. In 18(52, he enlisted in Comj)auy E. Twenty-second Michigan Infantry; promoted Orderly Sergeant at muster-in; Second Lieutenant ' October, 18()2; First Lieutenant, July, 1803; Adjutant, June, 1804; was commissioned Captain by President Lincoln, but declined; was appointed Assistant Adjutant General Reserve Brigade, Division of the Cumberland, in 1804, which office he held until the close of the war. A reference to the military history of the county will point out the varied services of this soldier. Mr. Allor was married, in 1850, to Miss Octavia Landi-y, who died in 1859. He married Miss Mary Jean some time after, to whom were born four children, two of whom are living — Nellie and Elmer. Rolla was killed at the age of fifteen yeai-s by falling on a 8hai-)> stick in a hay rack; Ellen died from natural causes^ Fabien Jean, father of Mrs. Allor. was born in Clinton in 1805, and died October 20, 18 /8. He man-ied Miss Magdaline Sear at an early date, and, after her death, married Miss V. Grilfard. He was the father of six children by his first wife and eight by his second. In the history of Chesterfield, a full reference is made to this native pioneer. HIRAM ATWOOD (deceased), son of Peter Atwood, was born in Vermont June 9, 1801; was educated in the common schools of Vermont and Canada; settled on Section 1, iL, Clinton Township, in 1822, at a time when bear, deer and wolf would come leisurely to the dooryard. Mr. Atwood married Miss Fannie Cook, Maivh K', lS2r). They were the parents of three boys and one girl. After the death of this lady, he married Miss Aurilla A. Douglass, July 7, 1S38. to whom were born three boys and one girl. Of Mr. Atwood's children, Alonzo, Adeline, William and Phoebe A. are living: Charles, Sylvester, Richai-d and Hiram D. Atwood are deceased. Hiram D. Atwood was bom in Clinton Township. Macomb County, November 29, 1888; educated in Mt. Clemens schools and was a farmer. He married INIiss Allie M. Watterson, in 1865, daughter of Robert Watterson, of Vernon. N. Y. They were the parents of three children — Mary C, Agnes C. and Luallie. Mr. Atwood died December HI. 1881. FRED S. AVERY, partner with F. M. Sackett, born at Ann Arbor, Mich., is a son of Frederick Avery, the original proprietor of the Cook House, at Ann Arbor, and now one of the proprietors of the Mt. Clemens Mineral Springs. He was educated at Ann Arbor and at Helmuth College. London. Ontario; came to Mt. Clemens in 1879. and mai-ried Miss Jennie Sackett, daughter of the late Hon. Thomas Sackett, May 8, 1881. Sackett & Avery's boot and shoe store was established in the spring of 1879, by George C. Fenton, who sold his interest to F. M. Sackett soon after. The present firm took charge of busi- ness in May, 1881 : keep a good assortment of line goods, and pay that attention to busi- ness which insures succes'% HENRY M'. BABCOCK was born at Mt. Clemens December 1, 1842: son of Henry R.. deceased, an early settler of Macomb. Mr. B. was educated at Mt. Clemens and at the normal school of Ypsilanti: served three years in the wai" he enlisted as a drummer- boy in Company C, Fifth Michigan Infantry, under Capt. Trowbridge, of Saginaw; served in the regiment nine moaths and left after the seven days' tight at Harrison's Landing. He then went into the hospital at Harrison's Landing as dispensing clerk; went thence to Craney Isle, Va. , where he tilled the same office for a few months; then detailed on transport service for two mouths, and the remainder of the time (three years) was in Medical Purveyor's office, under Dr. J. Bernard Brinton. Assistant Surgeon United States Army: retiu-ning subsequently, he tilled the same office as a civilian until the close of the war. He purchased a drug store in l8t)5 from J. S. Farrar, in Metropolitan Block, where he still continues the business. Mr. Babcock was manager of the Western Union Telegraph office here for twelve years; was Town Clerk four yeai-s, Corporation Recorder for three years and City Clerk for two years. He was also Secretary of the Macomb County Agricultural Society four years. He is now Siipervisor — second term. Mr. Bab- cock married. May 10, 186"), Miss Maria F. Bonnie, a niece of Lemuel Sackett, a pio- neer of Macomb County. They are the parents of sis children — Bernard B. . Blanche B. , Delia F., Henry R., Frank and Courtney G. The drug business of -Mr. B. amounts to about $8,000 annually. Dr. H. R. Babcock died Thursday. September 28, 187<), aged sixty-two: was the father of six children, of whom two are living — H. W. Babcock and Mi-s. J. H. Westendorf. He came to Mt. Clemens in the year 1887: graduated at Fairfield Medical College, in the State of New York, at the age of twenty-two years; was one of the first original members of the Macomb County Medical Association: he carried on the drug business in connection with his profession from the year 1848 up to 1861: was Post- master twelve years. JOSEPH BARNEY, owner of fish market, was born at Chatham. Canada. May 1 T), 1848: son of Joseph Barney, of Quebec, a French Canadian, who settled at Detroit in 1844. !Mr. Barney was engineer on a lake boat for many years. In 1857. the family moved to Mt. Clemens. In June, LStil, he enlisted in Company B, Fifth Michigan In- fantry, and served with that famous command until his discharge. He was made prisoner at the Wilderness, held for five months, when he was exchanged. He was again taken at ^Rr ■k HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Gettysburg, and passed some time in Libby and Belle Isle Prisons; was wounded and carries a bullet in lower limb. He married Miss Jane E. Sawyer, of Canada, December S, ISIi'.t, to whom six children were born. Three are living — Joseph W., Jane and James. Mr. Barney established the first regular fish market in the city in 1878. Previous to that time, peddlers supplied the villagers. A toy, notion an'l candy store is connected with the market. MINARD BARR was born in Wayne County, within four miles of Detroit, August 29, 18;52. His father was Reuben C. Barr. of New York, In 184."), Mr. Barr left home to seek employment at Detroit. There he worked at the cabinet trade for two years; sub- sequently, he learned the carpenter's trade, and followed it until l8r)4, when he left De- troit. He came to Macomb County in 1857, having devoted the previous two years to extensive travel throughout the States. GEORGE H. BEATY was born at Burlington, Vt., May 20, 1822, locating in Ma- comb in 18r)r); in 1857, he brought his family hither. He was married, in 1849, to Miss Jane Gilbert, of Vermont, to whom two children were born —Charles B. and Carrie. The former married Miss Pearl Van Fleet, and resides on homestead. The family are mem- bers of the Protestant Episcojjal Church. HORACE R. BEEBE, born in Allegany County, N. Y., November 28, 1828; son of Horace Beel^e, of Massachusetts, who settled in New York at an early day, and who came with his family to Wayne County, Mich., in 1884; was educated in the schools of Wayne — at that time, when a log cabin and slab benches formed the district school-room. He came to this county in 1857, and located lands on Section 28, Clinton, where he now owns a farm of forty five acres. He was married, in 1858, to Miss Philancia Bras, to whom eight children were born — Bela, Cora E.. Ina E., Samuel H., Lucy E., Ira W. , Bertha L. and Eva V. Mr. B. is a member of Grange; has been Highway Commissioner for about nine years, and is running for second term as Justice of the Peace, together with filling other offices. WILLIAM BEER, born in Somersetshire, England, in December, 1791; came to New Jersey in I81f), and to New York City in 1817. He retui'ued to New Jersey in 1828, where he was engaged in farming until he went to Macomb County, in l885; here he entered land fi'om the Government and brought his family late in 188'); engaged in the saw-mill business in the fall of 188(), building a mill in company with James Shook. He took contracts on the canal in 1889, and constiiicted all the locks be- tween Mt. Clemens and Utica. He was one of the company that built the first fiouring- raill at Mt. Clemens, which was afterward burned. Mr. B. was mairied in England in 1811, to Sai'ah Hollidge, to whom sis children were born, three of whom are living — Mary A. (Hall), William and Hemy. Mrs. B. died at an early day. He maiTied his present wife in 1820, who is still living. Mr. and Mrs. B. celebrated their golden wed- ding in 1870. Mr. B. was one of the tir.st officers of the village of Mt. Clemens; has been always identified with its interests, and is supposed to be the senior in ago of all the old folks in the village, MICHAEL BENBENNEK, sou of Michael, deceased, was born in Prussia, Germany, October 11, 1828; came to Macomb County in 185t), and located in Erie Township ou a farm which he rented for three years. In 1859, he bought thirty acres of timbered land in Sterling Township, which he cleared and sold, buying another tract of forty acres; of this he cleared twenty four acres, built a house and barn and planted an extensive orchard. He located on a rented farm in Clinton in 18r)8, remaining there two years, until his pur- chase of eighty acres on Section 28, where he now owns a well-cultivated farm of 100 acres. He was man'ied, in 1848, to Miss Josephine Ketchmark. Of eleven children born to this union, seven are living — Au^uat, Hermann, Michael, Albert, Mina, Elizabeth and Emma. ^Fc HISTORY OF MACOMB COUXTY. iL^ The three older bovs and Mina are married. The family belong to the Catholic Church. FRANCIS H. BENTLEY. jeweler, was born in Scottsville, near Rochester, N. Y. , Januaiy 2."), IS-iT: son of Hiram, native of Western New York. Mr. B. came with his family to Mt. Clemens in the fall of 1840, and established the second jewehy store in the village, which he conducted until his death, in iSaS. Francis H. Bentley's father. Hiram Bentley, was born December 22, 1811: died January 81, 1858. His mother, Mrs. AnneC. (Fosmire) Bentley, was born April 8, 1818. Their children were: Francis H. Bentley, born .Januar_y 25, 1887; Albert M.. born June 11. 18-12, and Alice S.. born November 14, 1848. F. H. B. at his father's death took charge of the business, and has conducted it since, with the exception of two years passed at Rochester. He married Miss Maria Lovell. of England, in December. 18fi2. daughter of Levi Lovell: they are the parents of two children — Susie and Jenny. He has been Town Clerk one term; is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the Protestant Episcopal Chvirch. A.LVIN C. BRANDY, son of Alvin Bi^andy, a native of Vermont, of German ex- traction, was born four miles above BixJekviTle.lSanada, on St. Lawrence River, November 5, 1828. He came with his family to Mt. Clemens in 1880, and settled in Clinton Town- ship, where he was educated. He visited California in 1858, where he was engaged in mining and farming until 185M. when he returned to Mt. Clemens. He mastered the car- penter's art without instruction, aud followed that trade with success. He was married, in September, 18()0. to Mi-s. Olive McCall, daughter of Daniel Frink, to whom three chil- di-en were born. viz.. Greorge. E. Belle and Jennie, the latter deceased. Mr. B. is a mem- ber of the A., F. & A. M. and R. A. M. ; has held the offices of Marshal and Street Com- missioner of Mt. Clemens, where he has been favorably known for the last half centm-y. ALBERT BREHLER, born at Prussia. Germany, April 28, 1840, son of Andre.v Brehler, of Prussia, who settled in Canada in 1847, aud at Detroit in 18(')4, came to Ma- comb County in IHCtiK Mr. B. married Miss Rosena Weiss, June 14. 18(14, to whom were born eight children — Edward. John, Mary, Josephine, Katie. Francis, Joseph and An- drew. He has been connected with the sash, door and blind factory since August. 1878. The family belong to the Catholic Chm-ch. JOHN E. BREHLER. son of Andrew Brehler. who came to America in the year 1847, and settled in the county of Waterloo, Canada, was born September 19, 188(). Coming to Detroit in the year 1854, he engaged in the grocery business, continuing the same until 1808; came to Mt. Clemens and located on a farm three miles west of Mt. Clemens; lived on the farm two years; came to Mt Clemens in 1870, where, in partnershij) with his brother. Thomas B. Brehler. he started the hrst regular can-iage manuf actiu-ing shop in Mt. Clemens: in LS78, he sold his interest in the concern to his brother; bought the half interest of Charles Groesbeck in the sash. door, and blind factory of Lewis & Groes- beck. in 1875, which he owns at the present time; in April. ISSl, he 0]>ened a dry goods store, in company with Arthur Deziel, to whom he disposed of his interest in January. 1882. John E. Brehler married Miss Charlotte A. Campau, daughter of Maj. James Campau, of Detroit. November 12. 1861; ili-s. John E. Brehler died February 20, 1.SS2; leaving a family of six children living: Belle C. Lula M., Maud E., Alex A.,' Blanch M.. Edgar C. "Mi. Brehler was elected Aldenuau in ISSl. His record shows him to be a man of thor- ough enteii^rise. The family belong to the Catholic Chiu'ch. HARRY BRIGGS was born at Potter, Yates Co., N. Y.. July 18, 1882; son of Abel Briggs. deceased, from one of two brothers who came from England early in the seven- teenth century. Mr. B. lived on the old homestead until thirty-two years of age; worked for some time at the car])enter and joiner's trade; came to Mt. Clemens in 1872. and brought his family hither in 1878. He was a dealer in fruit trees here for over three fc. years: is now auctioneer at public sales, and is said to be the senior as well as the best patronized salesman in the county. He was married, in 18()4, to Miss Elvira H. Stephen- sou, daughter of Daniel B. Stephenson, of New York, to whom one child was born. Mr. B. is a Deacon in the Baptist Church, a member of F. & A. M. and a Good Templar. WILLIAM BROOME; son of Thomas Broome, of Shi'opshire, England, was born in that country in December, 1828; was educated there and resided there until ](S52, when he left for Canada. In the fall of 1853 he came to Michigan. In 1881, he was ap- pointed Deputy Sherifi", which position he now occupies. Mr. Broome was married to Miss Catharine Bolty, April 21, ]8()<), to whom were born three children, of whom two are living — Mary M. and Thomas H. Mrs. Broome died in 1878; in 1N74, he married Mrs. Catharine Conner, who is the mother of one child — Lillian E. Broome. The family belong to the Methodist Ejuscopal Church. CALVIN BUSH, sou of Orry Bush, of Massachusetts, was bom in Rensselaer County. N. Y., July 4, 1824. In 181)5, moved to Livingston Couuty, N. Y.. where he was -Ugaged in manufacturing paper until 1870, when he came to Mt. Clemens. He serv d in th late war as First Lieutenant, Company E, Ou' Hundred and Tweuty-tifth New York Infantry. In 1870, he engaged in lumbering, rafted logs from Lake Huron, manufactured lumber at Mt. Clemens mill, in which he had an interest, and continued in this business until 1870. He was married, in 1858, to Miss Maiy E. Janes, of the historic Janes family, to whom were born two children — William A. and Lizzie M. The former is a citizen of Green- wood Couuty, Kan. RICHARD BUTLER was born on Grosse Island, of the river of Detroit, April 1, 1797, and removed to Gostield, Canada, soon after with his parents. Owing to the death of his father, he was apprenticed to a Pennsylvania Dutch farmer in 1802, for whom he labored until he obtained his majority. During all those years, his employer denied him all chances of education, requiring from him an incessant round of hard work. Mr. But- ler entered upon a course of self- instruction in 1821; moved to Detroit September 22 of that year, where he continued his studies; subseqixeutly, taught school there for a term of years, which school was attended by the childi-en of Gen. Cass and many others, who are now prominent citizens of Detroit. Mr. B. also taught school at Mt. CJemens and at other places within this county; he entered mercantile life in Detroit and pm'sued it for a short time, imtil his removal to Mt. Clemens, in 1828. He was commissioned County Clerk in 1829 by Gen. Cass; soon after, appointed Justice of the Peace, holding each office for a term of four years; he was appointed Register of the United States land office at Sault de St. Marie by Milhu-d Fillmore, which office he held diu-ing that administra- tion. Mr. B. studied law without the aid of instructors and was admitted to the bar of Macomb County in 1884, from which time until 1865, he made the practice of his profes- sion very success Eul; he inaugurated the Macomb Statemuaii in 1887; held the office of Prosecuting Attorney, as noticed in the organic chapter: was admitted to the Supreme Com't of the United States, at Washington, and elected member of the State Legislatm-e, particulars of which election are given in the political chapter of the general histoiy. His marriage with Miss Abigail Hayes took place in August, 1827, to whom were born fom- children, one of whom — Milton H. I5utler~- dwells on the old homestead, immediately south of Mt. Clemens City. Mr. B. is now in his eighty-fifth year, and only sufi'ei-s deafness occasioned by a fall in 1805. His visits to Mt. Clemens are made almost daily, he per- forming the joiu-ney on foot. During his sixty-four years' citizenship of Macomb County, he has proved a leader in all matters which promise good to the county, and now in his old age looks back to the past with pleasure and forward to the future with higher hopes. CALKINS & DAHM, druggists, purchased the business established in 1870 by L. H. ~5> V L^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Duncan, from George H. Crane, the owner since 1878, in January, 1882. The stock kept by this iirm is large and well selected; drugs, medicines, toilet articles, bathers' and fish- ers" supplies, soda fountains, etc., go to make up a store which compares favorably with the general retail di'ug stores of om' large cities. The offices of the Atlantic & Pacific and Western Union Telegraph Companies are located in the store; it also connects with the Telephone Exchange. H. W. Calkins, member of the firm of Calkins & Dahm. was born at Howell, Mich., in June, 1851'); graduated P. H. C. from Ann Ai-bor in 1878; engaged in the di'ug business at South Lj'on. Mich., until forming a partnership with ]VIi\ Dahm. in December, 1881. He was maiTied to Miss Mattie McNaines. of Ann Arbor, in 1878. WILLIAM M, CAMPBELL was born in Livingston County, N. Y., September 27, 1817; son of John Campbell, of Scotland, who came to the United States in 1794, and died in 1827. Mi". Campbell's battles with the world began in his youth. After the death of his father, he vowed never to use intoxicating liquor or tobacco, which vow has been religiously observed by him. He labored on a farm iintil seventeen years old. Came to Mt. Clemens m 188(), where he taught school for one year; then retiu-nedto New York, where he lived on a farm dm-ing summer and taught school dm'ing winter. In the fall of 1842, he settled permanently in Macomb, taught the Cady District School that winter; subsequently, he engaged in the manufacture of piunps at Mt. Clemens; was traveling agent for about twenty years, but throughout has given a marked attention to agriculture. He made the first Free-Soil speech ever made in Michigan, on the public square of Mt. Clemens, and received the nomination for State Senator from Free-Soilers and Whigs, when he ran ahead of his ticket. Mi'. Campbell married Mary E. Sackett, of Mom-oe County. N. Y., January 17, 1844, to whom was born one child — William T. Mrs. Camp- bell is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Campbell is a member of the I. O. O. F. WILLIAM T. CAMPBELL was born at what was once known as the village of Fred- erick, Clinton Township, August 14, 1849: is the son of William M. Campbell, referred to in these pages. He was married to Miss Mary Hubbard, daughter of the late Giles Hubbard, December 15, 1870. They are the pai-ents of four children, three of whom are living —Bessie, Blanche and George. Mr. Campbell devotes much attention to the train- ing of fast horses, and keeps sixtv-five cows in connection with a dairy. ARTHUR L. CANFIELD,'member of the Macomb County bar, was born at Mt. Clemens January 27, 1844. Mr. C. received his education in the schools of Mt. Clem- ens, graduating fi-om the Union School in 1862. He studied at the Ypsilanti Seminary for two years; subsequently, entered the law office of Giles Hubbard and completed his com-se of law studies under Knight & Jennison, of Detroit; he was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court in 1866; located at Mt. Clemens in 1867, where he has since resided and where he has made the practice of law a complete success. He held the po- sition of Circuit Court Commissioner for fom' years; was nominated by the Republicans for Senator in 187<>, but declined the honor; was City Attorney for three years; above all, he is a lawver, to which busiue.ss he gives his undivided attention. His father, William Canfield, was an old resident of Mt. Clemens, who located in the little village in 1829. He married a daughter of Judge Clemens, the founder of the village, and made the vil- lage his home until his decease. AUGUSTUS H. CANFIELD. sou of William Canfield. who died in 1877, was born on the homestead adjoining the city limits on North Gratiot street, June 11, 1841; was educated at Mt. Clemens and at the Agricultural College. Lansing; entered the United States military service with the Ninth Michigan Infantry; was transferred in 1862 to Company G, and commissioned Second Lieutenant; in the fall of 1862, he was transferred to Company H, and commissioned First Lieutenant; in 186H, he was commissioned Ad- jutant, and discharged with that rank in 1864. After a stay of three months at home, he 11^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. left for Chattanooga. Tenn., wiiere he remained one year. He visited New York City, in October. 1S()0. and entered the em))loy of the wholesale hat, cap and fnr house of Will- iams »fc Wliittlesey, whom he rej)resented in Michigan for live years. In 1871. he en- gaged in the grocery business at Detroit; sold his stock in 1878, and entered the employ of Ives, Miu'phy & Gore, of New York City, whom he represented in Michigan for two years, retiu'uing to the homestead in 1875, where he now follows farming. Mr. C. was maiTied to Miss Alice Benton. His first wife was the mother of Guy M. Cantield. He was the first Master of the County Grange of Patrons of Husbandry, and is now holding the same jiosition. OLIVER CHAPATON, a leading citizen of Macomb County for fifty-two years, and one of the most energetic and enterprising business men of Mt. Clemens City, was born at Detroit January 18. I82(j. He is a lineal descendant of Dr. Louis Chapaton, surgeon, at- tached to the French Army of Occupation, who arrived in Detroit about 171 '2. Oliver Cha])aton came to Mt. Clemens in the fall of 1880, while yet it was a hamlet of a dozen small houses. He was a merchant for thirteen years ; Treasui-er of Macomb ten years, and is now part owner of the steamers City of Mt. Clemens and S. H. Johnson, engaged in the carrying of lumber between Saginaw Bay and other lake ports. Mr. C. was one of the organizers of the Mt. Clemens Savings Bank in 1877. He was its first President, with J. W. Porter, first Cashier. He still holds the same position, while G. A. Skinner is now Cashier. The capital stock of the bank is $50,000. The business is well managed and is a very important factor in the economic concerns of the city. REV. M. A. CHURCHILL, sou of Charles P. Churchill, of Vermont, now of Buffalo, N. Y., was born at Buffalo. July 0, 1845; graduated from Rochester University, New York, in 1871, and from Rochester Theological Seminary in 1874; he served as missionary of the American Baptist Missionary Union in China for three years, leaving for that post in September, 1874, and returning to the United States in January. 1878, on account of illness; he was pa.stor of the Baptist Church at Northville. Mich., from September, 1878, to September, 1870; he took charge of Hope Mission at Buffalo. January 1. 1880; he con- tinued there until January, 1881; became pastor of Mt. Clemens Baptist Church May 1, 1881. He was mai-ried, June 25, 1874, to Miss Jennie R. Hoyt. of Penn Yan. N. Y., to whom was born one child — Charles Hoyt. This lady died at Yokohama. Japan, Decem- ber 17, 1S75. October 80, 1878, he mai-ried for his second wife. Miss Eleanor E. Ches- nutwood, of Brooklyn, N. Y., then of Buffalo, to whom were born two children — Mary A. and Sue O. JOHN M. CLEVELAND, proprietor Shackleton House, was born at Thorold. On tario, October 8, 1821: son of the late Joshua Cleveland, a native of Connecticut. Mr. C. is a cooper, but has not worked at the trade since 1872. He came to Mt. Clemens in 1870, and sold the Howe Sewing Machine here for eight years. Together with his hotel business, he holds the position of janitor of the city school buildings. He was married to Miss Margaret Swayze in 184t). They were the parents of seven childi-en, four of whom are living — MaiT, Phcebe, Seward and Searford. the latter twins. Mr. C. is a mem- ber of the M. E. Chm-ch. JOSEPH COLE (deceased) was born in .Saratoga County, N. Y. , January 24, 1/92; came to Macomb County in 1884, and located lands in Clinton Township. He was one of the early sm-veyors of the county. Mr. Cole married Miss Sarah Macomber, of Greenfield, N. Y., February 25, 1812, daughter of Mr. Macomber, of Columbia, N. Y. They were the parents of eleven children, viz., Catharine A, Ann., Jeanette, Lydia P., Martha, Sai-ah M., Cynthia M., Emily L., Sans L., Harriet, Phoebe E. Mrs. Martha Stout, of Alpena, Mich., is one of the children of this old settler. Mr. Cole died while visiting his daughter at Bay City, July 81, 1878. 4 M- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. JULIUS F. COULON was born at Newgen, Prussia, October 2(1. 184r): camf to the United States iu lSo<). and settled in Clinton Township. He married Miss Cathai'ine Kaiser. November 21. 1872. who was born August IH. LS4U. They are the parents of three children — Otto, aged eight years. Alloin E. . live years, and William C. Mr. Coulon was educated in the schools of Xewgen; was a soldier in the Regular Prussia Infantry for twenty-two months, from which he was honorably discharged. In this township, he has held the office of Highway Commissioner for two years. The family are members of the Lutheran Chiu'ch congregation. HENRY CONNER was born on the Conner homestead, one mile from Mt. Clemens. October 25, 1818, now proprietor of the Sherman House: is the son of John Conner, a veteran of the war of 1812, who was made prisoner by the British, taken to Halifax, ex- changed after the treaty of peace, and died at Romeo, aged ninety years. In the general history of the county, a full reference is made to the pioneer, Richard Conner, who was uncle of John Conner and father of Heniy Conner. Henry Conner married Anna Cran- age, January 20, 1848. to whom were born five children — Mary E. , Edward H.. Helen R., Walter J. and Han-v A. CHARLES D." CRITTENDEN, born in Ontario County, Phelps Township, N. Y., April 10, 182 i ; son of John C. of Massachusetts, who went to Rhode Island when sixteen years old and to Orleans County, N. Y.. in 1S14. and of Ph2, the Hon. Giles Hubbard proposed to him a co-partnership, which was accepted, and he removed with his family to Mt. Clemens. The business relations then T sjV HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. entered upon between him and Mr. Hubbai'd continuetl until the death of Mr. Hubbard, November (i, 187(i. In ISfiT, Mr. Crocker was elected n member of the Constitutional Convention. Acting with the minority, he took part in the deliberations of that body, whose labors were so signally defeated by the people upon the submission of the constitu- tion to them. He served twelve years on the Mt. Clemens School Board, taking an active part in raising the grade and character of the school. He was elected President of the village in 1S74, and served four successive terms. He has been City Attorney since the adoption of the city charter, and in whatever capacity he has served the people, he has steadily and unfalteringly advocated systematic progress. Mi'. Crocker has been twice m;uTied, his present wife being the second daughter of the late John I. Traver, and widow of the well-known Moore Stephens. Upon the death of Mi'. Hubbard, Mr. Crocker formed a copartnership with H. B. Hutchius, the husband of his eldest daughter, which copart- nership still continues. As an attorney, Mr. Crocker stands in the front rank. He was gifted by nature with a logical mind, which has been developed by study and discipline. If Mr. Crocker, in the ])resentation of cases, is noted for one thing more than another, it is his habit of independent reasoning from tirst principles. Although an earnest student of reported cases, he is in no sense a case lawyer. He looks npon the law not as a mere budget of decisions, but rather as a comprehensive fi-ame work of principles. Thoroughly devoted to his profession, active, industrious and untiring in his work, he has always en- joyed the confidence and esteem of his clients, and the respect and friendship of his asso- ciates at the bar. Mr. Crocker has ever been a Democrat, Ijelieving the elementary princi- ples of that party those best calculated for the safety and prosperity of our Government. He has been on several occasions ofl'ered the nomination for Congress in this district, but his duties to his family and his clients have so far prevented him from accepting the honor. AUGUSTUS CZIZEK, son of Yensel Czizek, of Bohemia, was liorn in Prussia Septem- ber 17, 183:-^; came to Detroit in 1854, andtoMt. Clemens in 1S5<.): he, in partnership with Charles Ulrich, operated the fii'st butcher-shop in the village, and, buying Mr. Ullrich's in terest, managed the business until his death, April 4, ISfiS. Mi'. Czizek was married, No- vember '22, 18ot\ to Gertrude Rosscopp, daughter of John Rosscopp, who came to Detroit fi'om Germany in 1854. andtoMt. (Jlemens in 18")<). Of ten children born to this marriage, five ai'e living, namely: Annie, now ISIi's. B. Yanlandeghem, Jr.; Anthony, John, Jacol) and Caspar. The family belong to the Catholic Church. ZEPHANLAH DAYISON, a native of Vermont, married :Mi's. Olive Davison, a native of Bethel, Vt.. at Pittsford. N. Y., February 18, 1825. The following year, they moved to Michigan, and located in Ray Township some time later. In 1844, the family moved to Mt. Clemens, where Mr. Davison died three years ago, and Mrs. Davison April 20, 1882. They were the parents of nine childi'en, six of whom are living. J. D. AEiTHUR DEZIEL, owner of dry goods, ladies' fur and notion store, established in spring of 1881 by Brehler & Deziel. was born at Montreal. Canada; was educated at Point Levis, opposite Quebec: came to Detroit in 18(59. where he served as clerk in the (h-y goods store of L. A. Smith & Co. for a period of twelve years previous to his settlement at Mt. Clemens in the spring of 1881. Mr. Deziel's trade is estimated at §2(),()()0i)er annum. WILLIAM L. DIC;KEN. County Clerk, was born in Ray Township October 8. 1883, son of John Dicken, of England, who settled in York State in 181S, and in Ray Township in 1831. William L. received his education in the district schools of Ray, and also of Disco, in Shelby Tovmship. He learned harness-making in 1852; established a shop at Ray in 1855, and operated it until 1878, when he was elected County Clerk. He married Miss America H. Harris, daughter of Lovell Harris, June 3(t, 18(i(), to whom were born five chikh-en, of whom three are living — Carrie L., Je.ssie B. and Hugh W. The former is a Vll HISTORY OF MACOMB COT'NTY. graduate of Mt, Clemens High School, class of 1881. During Mr. Dicken's residence in Ray' Le has been honored with a few of the principal township offices. His services as Clerk of Ma- comb County are marked by strict attention to the affairs of his office and a genial method of transacting public business. JOSHUA B. DICKINSON, deceased, was born December U. 1811, in Orange County, Vt. He received a good common-school education, and passed his j'ounger days in the Eastern States, variously engaged. In 1841. he came to Michigan, locating at Detroit. One year later, he moved to Mt. Clemens, which was his home fi'om that time until his death. He engaged in the mercantile business upon coming here, but, after some years, confined himself chiefly to real estate. He was one of the builders of the old Romeo & Mt. Clemens Plank Road. By his thrift and good judgment, he accumvilated a consider- able fortune. He had a large circle of warm friends in every town in the county. In politics, he was a stanch Democrat, being Chairman of the County Committee for many years. In 185'.!, he was elected County Treasurer, and was re-elected in 1854, and was subsequently elected Register of Deeds, ^\'hen Mt. Clemens became a city, he was elected as the first Mayor, an honor that he highly appreciated. At different times, he was placed in other positions of trust, and filled them all honorably and creditably. He joined the Odd Fellows in Buffalo in 1843, and was a charter member of the society here when organized in 1847, and we l)elieve at different times occupied the various official chairs of the lodge. Mr. Dickinson was married, in 1846. to Katharine Lee, daughter of George Lee and granddaughter of Judge Christian Clemens. Ten years later, his wife and three of his children died. The loss of his wife and children was a crushing blow to Mr. Dickinson. He never recovered from its effects. He never remarried, and the great object of his life was in watching over and caring for his remaining child, Katharine L. His efforts in this direction were gilded with sunshine. They were never separated dur- ing his life, and this child proved a kind, devoted, loving and reverential daughter to him. She developed into a pure and attractive woman. She married George M. Crocker in Septembei', 187(1. She was a constant and affectionate wife, and was a fond and ever watchful mother. Her sudden and seemingly untimely decease, which occim-ed in March, 188'2, was received with the deepest regret by all who knew her. Mr. Dickinson died in May, 187U. The news of his death was received with unfeigned regret by the entire county. The Circuit Court adjoiu-ut^d out of respect for his memory. The Common Coimcilof Mt. Clemens attended his funeral in a body; also the Odd Fellows' society, and many of the business places of the city were draped in moiu-ning. As to the character of MJr. Dickinson, the testimony oE all agrees. He was a kind and good man at home, cotir- teous and considerate to all. He bore his trials with fortitude: was the young man's friend and adviser; was open-handed in philanthropic endeavor, and public-spirited in a high degree. He was, in short, a true citizen. To not many men can be given greater praise than this. Early identified with Mt. Clemens, he was ever solicitous of her wel- fare, and lost no opportunity to advance the town in growth and improvement. It was indeed fitting that he should be elected her fir.st Mayor. SILAS DIXON, son of John, a ship-carpenter, son of "William, was born at Chatham, Conn.. February "i'J, ISl'^; came to Mt. Clemens in 1834, while Shelby sti-eet was still a wilderness, and opened a shoemaking shop, which he operated for several years. He es- tablished his gi-ocery business in 1848, and continued it with success for twenty years. He was appointed United States Revenue Collector here, and held the position for twelve years; was Village Trustee, and a Treasm-er for several years, and in early days was Con- stable for four years. He was married. May •'), 1834, to Miss Harriet Loomis. to whom two childi-en were born. Mi-s. Loomis Dixon died August 21. 1837. Mr. Dison married Miss Harriet Cleggett February 9. 1831t. to whom ten children were born. He is a mem- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. .k ber of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and one of the sm-viving old settlers of the village. ANDREW T. DONALDSON, of the Donaldson firm, was born in North Ii-eland Sep- tember 1^1), 1S48; eame with his father and family, in 1S44. to the United States, and set- tled with them in Macomb County. He was man-ied, November 9, 1S09. to Miss Olive Dixon, daughter of Silas Dixon, an old settler of the county. They are the parents of three childi-en — Meta and Harry S. ; a third child is deceased. Mr. Donaldson has bet-n honored with position on the City Council Board, in the Masonic Order, and in the Pres- byterian Church., of which he is a member. WILLIAM S. DONALDSON, son of James Donaldson, who came with his family from North of Ireland in 1844 and settled at Cady's Corners, was born in Ireland October 10, 1841. ^Villiam S was raised and educated at Mt. Clemens, and learned the black- smith's trade in his father's shop there. He maiTied Miss Sarah Leonard, daughter of the late Sylvester Leonard, September 5, 18<)5, to whom was born Arthur L. After the death of this lady, he married Miss Eliza L. Harrington, daughter of HaiTy Harrington, an old settler of Macomb County. Mr. Donaldson is a member of the Masonic Order; has been Alderman of the city, and one of the most enterprising citizens. CAPT. WILLIAM DULAC, son of Louis and Josephine (Peltier) Dulae, the latter born at Detroit in 1798. was born in Han-ison Township December '21, 1887. The family moved into Mt. Clemens previous to 1840. In 1849, Capt. Dulac began his lake voyages; was cabin boy and pilot successively, and Captain for the last quarter of a centiuy. He is the builder of live boats, two of which were constructed in the winter of 1881-82 — one 180 feet long, with ii'I feet beam; the other, 65 feet long, with 1(5 feet beam, is a tug-boat. The Captain has charge of the passenger and freight steamboat the .\. Weston, from Man- istee to Tonawanda, N. Y. He was married, January 20. 186H. to Nancy Peltier, daugh- ter of Joseph Peltier, of Harrison. They are the parents of six children, fom- of whom are living, namely: Adele, Ai-thui-, Emma and Berton. The family belong to the Cath- olic Chiu'ch. ROBERT F. EASTMAN was bom at Chelsea, Vt., in 1814; eame to Mt. Clemens in 1835, and was one of the leading business men of the village for many years. Mr. East- man was twice married. His second wife. Hairiet M. Rutler. a native of Philadelphia, came to Mt. Clemens in 1S;!9. She is the daughter of Thomas Rutler. a Captain in the United States Navy, who died in Africa in 18"_'8. Mrs. Eastman is the mother of fom- children — Frederick, Ai-thur. Fannie and Julia. Arthur served in Company I. Ninth Michigan Infantry; made jwisoner; exchanged company ; Second Lieutenant Eighth Mich- igan Cavalry; and lastly. First Lieutenant, which position Le held when discharged in 18(55, on account of wounds received at Sweetwater. Frederick served in the Second Pennsylvania Cavalry; passed seven months in Libby, Charleston and Macon, and, in 18(J3. was commissioned Captain, which position he held when discharged. JOHN EBERLEIN, son of John L.. was born in Bavaria. Germany: April 25, 1828, He came to Detroit in 1854, and to Clinton Township in 185(5, when he paid $275 for a tract of twenty-five acres, since increased to 130 acres. Section 31, Clinton He was married, at Detroit. June 3," 1854, to Miss Catherine Smith. They were the parents of nine ehildi'en, seven of whom are living — Barbara. George. Fred, Caroline. Mary. John and Leonard, ^hc. Eberleiu has not sought for public positions. The family belong to the German Lutheran Church. JAMES C. EDGERLY was born in the State of Massachusetts November 22, 1791, of English parentage, his father being a son of one of the early colonists of New England; his mother's maiden name. Hannah Chadwick, a daughter of the younger son of the Earl of Chadwick of England. The Edgerly family moved to Vermont; subsequently, to Gen- "TT W esee Couuty. N. Y., 1814. James C. Edgerly served three months in the war of 1812, inKel- logg's company, of militia vohmteers, taking the place of an older brother who was drafted. Married in December of the same year; engaged in mercantile business; failed in 1821 : settled uj) business and went to Canada; stayed sis or eight months; bought lumber at Runnel's Mill, rafted it. moved on to the raft, his family and household goods lioth being small; weighed anchor, floated to the mouth of the Thames; sent raft to Detroit; hired a row-boat to bring him to Mt. Clemens, the Captain and crew of the boat being compo.sed of one man and small boy; arrived at Mt. Clemens in the spring of 1822; entered eighty acres of laud now known as Mosher farm; soon made a small opening in the dense forest, where he planted potatoes, etc. ; potatoes yielded abundantly and of excellent quality, but blackbirds, squirrels and many other natives of the country took the largest share of the corn, leaving but little to the disappointed planters. He stayed on the place two or three years; concluded to take his chance, on Judge Clemens' farm, as the Judge wanted some one to take charge of it, so moved into town; this consisted of eight dwellings and one store; the whole stock in trade, whisky and all, could have be«n cairied away in a small market wagon; there were also a shoemaker's shop, a blacksmith's shop and a cooper's shop, a court house and jail, all in one, built of square timber. It was in this coiu-t house that the first school ever taught in Mt. Clemens held its session. Miss Jane Everett, teacher; this was in the summer of 1S25; the following winter, J. C. Edgerly taught school in the same place. In April of the same year, received the a[)pointment of Lieutenant in the militia of the Territory, from Lewis Cass, then Governor of the Territory; in December, 182r>, was appointed Justice of the Peace for the county of Macomb by Gov. Cass; two yeai's later, bought and moved on the farm now known as the Parker farm, where he spent the rest of his life; died of heart disease, after a few hours' illness, November 14, 1851. HON. R. P. ELDRIDGE, born on the banks of the Hudson, town of Greenwich, Wash- ington Co., N. Y., in 18(18; winter of 1814-15, his father moved to Lebanon, Madison County, and thence to Hamilton Township, on east side of West Branch of Chenango River, in same county. In his fifteenth year, he entered the Hamilton Academy. New York, to pre- pare for college, but his mother died when he was sixteen. The ehikU'en, eight in number, were separated; he taught in winter and studied in summer while attending college, from necessity. At the request of his father, he bi'gan the study of law at the age of seventeen, under Stowe & Girdly. the most eminent law firm of Madison County, while they were required to labor hard at copying tables; at close of school, in spring of 182H, he had $20 in cash, with which he started for the Territory of Michigan; with no references except in teaching, he landed in Detroit May 26. 182(), poorly clad, and with 10 shillings; taught school in the debtor's room of the Detroit Jail six weeks, at 18 a scholar per quarter, lint was taken sick and abandoned it. He went to Pontiac the same year, and taught there dm'ing the winters following, and devoted his evenings and Satui-days to recording deeds in the Register's oflice; was afflicted the same winter with sore eyes, which cost more than his teaching brought him. He rode to Mt. Clemeus on a borrowed horse in the spring of 1827, and located here in July, walking the whole distance from Pontiac; worked for his board for a Mr. Ashley, a merchant; the next fall, received some law books from his fa- ther which he read. He began keeping bachelor's hall in the fall of 1827 in Mt. Clem- ens, and read law; admitted to the bar by examination in open coui-t in the fall of 1828; on that occasion, stopped at Uncle Ben's Steamboat Hotel in Detroit, and. in passing from there to the old capitol building , where the court was convened, he did not pass a pedes- trian or pass a house; retiu'ned to Mt. Clemens and hung out his shingle, being the tu"st lawyer in Macomb County. The people were industrious and peaceable, and his prospects were gloomy; would have sought other location, but poverty held him there. The county improved rapidly, settlers increased and grew wealthy, and other lawyers located in the V^ S r- -^ ^['y u^ HISTORY OF MACOMli COUNTY. coiinty, and many Buddenly discovered that they had received injiu'ies at the hands of their neighbors, which duty to themselves and to society required them to have righted. From this lime Mr. Eldridge found it easy to support himself and family. He soon took active parts in politics; being a Democrat, was a warm supporter of Jackson and Van Bui'en, an;i Democratic nominees for State and county offices; in February, 1842, was appointed Secre- tary of State by Gov. Barry, which office he held four years: in the fall of 1846, was elected to the Senate, and attended first session of Legislatiu-e at Lansing in 1847; left politics at the close of the session; when his term of office as Secretary of State expired, he re- sumed law practice at Mt. Clemens, Mich., which he successfully pursued for many years. He looked upon the law as a noble science, and loves its practice, esteems and reverences it, and has occupied an eminent position among the oldest attorneys of Michigan, but has recently retired from active life, and resides quietly at Mt. Clemens. He was man-ied, in October, 18;U, to Miss Louise Crittenden, to whom thi'ee children were born-— Catharine, James B. and Carrie. After the death of Mrs. L. C. Eldridge, he married Miss Jane A, Leonard, who is the mother of Miss Emma Eldridge, In the organic, pioneer, law, ]iolit- ical and other chapters of this woi'k, the connection between this old resident and Macomb C'ounty is fiilly set forth. JAMES B. ELDRIDGE, Judge of Probate for Macomb County, was born at Mt. f Uemens November 25, 1885. His father, Robert P. Eldridge, one of the few sm-viving old residents of the city, one of the early lawyers of the county and a well-knowa citizen of the State, confeiTed on him many of those educational advantages which, in common with the American pioneers, he esteemed. The Judge having passed some years in attending the Mt. Clemens school, was transferred to the Romeo Academy, then affiliated with the Michigan University. He graduated from Ann Ai-bor with the class of 1855; studied law, and was admitted to the bar of Macomb County in June, 1858. In 1S()2, he was elected Representative; two years later. Prosecuting Attorney; this latter office he also held from 1870 to 187*); when he was elected Judge of Probate. In 188(1, he was re-elected Probate Judge, which position he now holds. Judge Eldridge was married to Miss Helen S. Fitch January 27, 1859, daughter of Samuel Fitch. They are the parents of two children — Julia L. (Spier), and Robert F.. now a student of the Michigan University. A reference to the organic, law and political chapters of the general history will show the part taken by Judge Eldridge in the affiiirs of the county, A review of the organic and society sketches of Mt. Clemens will show his public connection with the city. ALOIS EYTH, born at Binsdorf, Wurtemberg, Germany, March HO, 1850; came to Mt. Clemens in 1872. He was married to Miss Louisa Miller, of Alsace, November 29, 1877. They are the parents of Alois and Caroline Eyth. JUDSON S. FARRAR, Register of Deeds, was born at Mt, Clemens August 23, 1836. His father, Manson Farrar, of New York, is an old settler of Macomb, now a resident of Lenox Township. Col. Farrar's military record will be foiuid in the history of the war for the Union, and his political record in the political and organic chapters. As a soldier and citizen he is known throughout the State. He man-ied Miss Cari'ie Eldridge, daugh- ter of Robert P. Eldridge, in June, 18(54, to whom were born five children, four of whom are living. JESSE O. FERRIS, son of Jonathan Ferris, was born in Cortland Township, N. Y., December 8, 1800. He was educated in the subscription school in Westchester County; subsequently was clerk in store of Clark & Haight, of Peekskill, from 1817 to 1819; in 1820. settled at Big Sodus Bay, on Lake Ontario; in 1823, bought a half-interest in canal- boat, while his cousin, named Hubbell, bought a second interest. This boat he ran on the Erie Canal in 1823 and 1S24. He engaged in grocery business at Lyons, N. Y.. for about two years, then in the diy goods trade for two years; came to Mt. Clemens in 1831, and rN^ 584 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. boarded at Ashley's Tavern for two years. He superintended the construction of several miles of Gratiot Turnpike, and ultimately settled the homestead on Section 1. Clinton Township. In December, 18;^:{, Mi'. Ferris visited his father, who was a Captain in the war of IHI'2. He served ten days in the Toledo war. He was mairied, February 17, l with Stui-tevant, the hardware merchant, and. January 1, lSn8, became an active pai'tner in the concern. March 21. 18l)4, Sturtevant sold his interest to Mr. Gale, and since that time the latter has carried it on successfully. A reference to the school history of Mt. Clemens will ])oint out Mr. Gale's relation to the School Board. In the organic chapter, reference is made to his appointment as Judge of Probate. In reviewing the foregoing notice. i>ne must be forciV>ly reminded of all that which earnestness and energy, directed by principles of honor and honesty, are capable of achieving. After a number of years devoted principally to what are known as the learned professions — professions which won for Mr. Gale both honors and emoluments — we find him entering commercial life and making a marked success therein within a few years. EDWARD C. GALLUP, deceased, was born in Connecticut in 1814; came to Mt. Clemens in 18:)4. and married Mrs. Eliza Hawkins, daughter of Judge Clemens, in 1838. He engaged in dry goods trade here; subsequently became wool-buyer, which business he followed until his death, in August, 1878. His wife and one daughter, Mi's. Mai-tha (Gal- lup) Crittenden, are living. The former is in possession of letters written to Judge Clem- ens as early as 1804, and of an account of a journey made b)' Gen. Cass and himself to negotiate a treaty with the Indians on the lake shore. DR. VALENTINE GARDNER, physician and sm-geon, was born in Bavaria, German Empire, September 19, 1821, son of Adam Gardner, who settled in Ohio in 1885. Dr. Gardner attended school in Bavaria until 1840, when he visited his father's home in Ohio. In the s|7i-ing of 1841 he returned to Europe, where he remained until 1843. when he *:?. A came to Ohio. There he attended the Cleveland schools for some years: graduated from the Erie Medical College in ] S4S'. His practice at Cleveland was continued for several years, until his removal to Defiance. Ohio, where he was a practitioner until November, 1879, the date of his settlement at Mt. Clemens. Dr. Gardner married Miss Catherine Hursh. They are the parents of four children, viz — Mary. Jennie. Valentine and Charley. Dr. Gardner has built up for himself a good practice. NORTHUP J. GIBBS. Architect and Superintendent of Mt. Clemens, was born in Sterling Township. Macomb, July "2. ISHS. His father. Orton Gibbs, of Albany, N Y., located in this county in 1826. Mr. Gibbs labored in the homestead farm and attended the district schools until he entered the Agricultural College at Lansing In 1857, he began to take lessons in art and drawing, under Prof I. T. Smith, of Detroit. In 1859, he entered the United States Army for service during the INIormon troubles. In the late war, he served until 1S()4, and was present at the surrender of the United States troops at St. Augustine Springs, Texas, August 27. 18()1. Lyand's command was paroled on the gi-ound and ordered to Fort Craig, thence marched to Leavenworth, Kan. After his dis- charge, he located at St. John's, Mich., and ojiened an ai'chitect office there. He settled at Mt. Clemens in 1874. while it was still an old-time French hamlet, and now holds the position of City Siuweyor and Civil Engineer. What improvements have been effected under his direction are evident to-day in the uew residences, hotels, county coiu-t house, jail, etc. Mr. Gibbs married Miss Emma Davy, daughter of Charles Davy, of Warren Township, .in iSfU. They are the parents of one child. Mr. Gibbs is deservedly popu- lar, and his architectural designs are widely esteemed. SAMUEL GIBBS, deceased, was born in New Ham])shire in October, 1/95. son of Samuel and grandson of Samuel, of English ancestry, who were di'iven from their homes diu-ing the religions persecution of Cromwell. Mr. Gibbs settled in Cattaraugus County in 18(14: came to Washington, Macomb County, in 1881: was married, in June. 1824, to MisB Hannah Rowell. to whom live children were born — Charlotte. Samuel M.. Ogilvie. Marv and Sarah. Mr. Gibbs died Julv V-l 1880. ^ "rev. J. M. GORDON. Pastor of" M. E. Church, was born at Lyons. Wayne Co.. N. Y..* November 12, 1834, son of Samuel Gordon, of Scotch descent, and a native of Wayne County. He was educated in the public schools of Canada, Michigan, and at the Union Schooi of Detroit: took a four-years' theological eoiu'se in Detroit Conference, from 18()8 to 1867: began as local preacher about 1800, on the old Farmington Circuit; entered the regular ministry in 18(58:. was two years at South Saginaw, where he organized the M. E. Church in a schoolhouse, and built the chm-ch in 1S()H: moved to Hancock, Mich., in the fall of I8(i5. and to Flushing in 1S()7. He was pastor of the two chiu-ches at Peters- bm-g and Deertield. Mich., in the fall of 18()9: appointed Presiding Elder of Lake Super- ior District in 1871, where he served four years. He was stationed at Morenci, Mich., in 1875: at Howell in 1878; and came to Mt." Clemens in 1880, where he is now])astor. Mi-. Gordon married. December 80, 185(), Julia D. Ross, of Wayne County, Mich., to whom foiu- childi-en were born. Ella E.. Livingston R. and Frank L. are living. JOHN B. GOULD, born at London, Canada West. August 14, 1854, was educated in the public schools of that citj-: came to Detroit in 1874, and to Mt. Clemens in same year. He entered on the trade of carriage-maker at the age of sixteen yeai-s, at which he con- tinues to labor. His marriage with Miss Martha Biddlecomb took place in March. 187(1 They are the parents of three childi-en -Ethel E., Frances M. and Carling J. Mr. Gould is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. PETER P. GRHINER was born in Wayne County, Mich., February 22, 1840, son of John Greiner, who came from France in 1S83, settled in W'ayne County, and died in 1855. ISh: Greiner's mother is still living on the old homestead, aged eighty-two years. The old HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. lady is healthy and active, aud has over one hundred and thirty children, grandchildren and great-grandchildi-en. Mr. Greiner received a common -school education: passed one year in the Lake Superior lumbering woods, and returned in the fall of 1S()4 to Wayne, where he farmed two years; came to Mt. Clemens in ISIil) as clerk for Joseph Knoll, whose in terest he purchased in -January, IStiT. He operated a livery for five years, aud in ISSO resumed grocery business. He mairied Miss Amelia Knoll in l'S()5, to whom were born nine children, one of whom, Albert, was drowned, in August, 18.S1, while returning from a jileasure trip on the lake with his parents aud others. Mi'. Greiuer was Village Trustee and De})uty Marshal for four years. CHARLES S. GROESBECK was born in Warren Township November 3, 1S88, son of Louis Groesbeck, who was born near Detroit, and settled on Section 28, in Warren Township, in ISi^l, buying his land from the Cxovernment at 10 shillings ])er acre. This old settler died in 18."),-). Charles S. Groesbeck's gi-andfather, Walter G., came from Hol- land in the pioneer days of Detroit. Mr. Groesbeck was educated in the Detroit public schools; was elected to the State Legislature in 1S()2, and served till 1804; elected County Clerk in 1S70, which position he held eight years: was Justice of the Peace in this county for over twenty years. He moved to Mt. Clemens in May, 1871, where he now resides; owns two farms in Warren Township; is a dealer in real estate; was engaged in manu- factiu-e of sash, doors and blinds for four years, and is now manufactm'ing lumber and staves at Mt. Clemens. He was married, April 20, 1805. to Miss Lydia D. Beebe, a na- tive of Illinois. Of eight children born to them, seven are living -Rosie. Jose])hiue. John, Frank, Maud. Henry and Anna B. The family belong to the Catholic Chui-ch. Mr. Groesbeck was Supervisor of Warren Township several years, and has always taken a deej3 interest and active part in all matters pertaining to the welfare of this county. ERENST HAGEN, son of John aud Christina (Ronge) Hagen, was born in Prussia October 18, 1822. He was educated in a religious school. Coming to the United States in 1854, he located at New Baltimore, Macomb County, where he remained two years. In 185(), he moved into Sterling Township, and in 1859 to Clinton Township. He passed two yeai's in Clinton, anil then came to Mt. Clemens, where he resided six mouths. Mov- ing to Wyandot, he made that village his home for a half-year, when he returned to Clin- ton and took up his residence on his farm of 170 acres. This tract of land he cleared and brought under cultivation. He married Miss Finch in 1847, to whom ten children were born, of whom seven are living, viz. : Rudolph, Amelia, August, Miner, Siner, Annie and Paulina. Mr. Hagen served in the Schleswig-Holstein wa;- of 1847, and was a soldier for two aud one-half years in the Prussian infantry. He has held the position of School Director for two and one-half years. His removal into Mt. Clemens City, which he pur- poses making his home, took place in April, 1882. WILLIAM E. HALL is a son of E. Wright Hall, who established the glass works at ^It. Clemens at an early day. Mr. Hall was raised and educated here; engaged in the drug business in 18();!, which continued until 1871. He was the express and telegraph agent, and the tirst to remove these offices, from the depot into the city. In partnership with. Mr. Shook, he erected a saw-mill aud hub and spoke factoi'y at Mt. Clemens in 1871 : he also dealt extensively in hard-wood lumber until 1877. In 1880, Mr. Hall and Mr. Kandt built the steam barge William Rudolph; is now building the two large boats. Mr. Hall's lumber business averages 8,000,000 feet annually. He was elected Township Treasurer in 1N7(), and is now Supervisor of the First Ward of the city. He married Miss Letitia J. Shook, daughter of the late Robert Shook, December 10, 18(j8. They are the ])arents of live children — William R., Eugene E., Harrv W., Nelly B. and Blanche. WINFIELD S. HATHAWAY, son of Hon. Hiron Hathaway, was born at Bristol, Ontai'io Co., N. Y., December 25, 1882. His father, son of Seth Hathaway, of Massachu- '-K^ HISTUKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. setts, of English descent, was born June 5. 1799. The family came to Richmond Town- ship in ISHC), where Mr. Hathaway was educated. In 1S()7, he held the position of lum- ber-sealer for Horace Perkins & Sons until 1S7-"). He was elected Sheriif in November, 1S74, and entered on the duties of that office in January, 1S75, serving through two terms. After retiring fi'om this office, he managed his farm, two miles south of the city, for two years. He married Miss Jane Dixon, daughter of Richard Dison. of Detroit, in 1IS57. The three children of this marriage are deceased. Hiron Hathaway was elected to the Legislatiu'e in 1N41; and in IsriTi was a member of the Constitutional Convention at Lan- sing: in ISoO was Associate Judge of Macomb; in 1889 was Supervisor of Richmond and in 1S52, President of Armada Village. W. S. is a member of Mt. Clemens Chapter, R. A. M. , and verj^ jropular throughout the county. DR. ABNER HAYWARD. physician and surgeon, was born at Johnson, R. I., Seji- tember '-!6, 1S29. His father, Robert G. Hayward, of English descent, was born at Thompson, Conn., March 10. 1800. His mother, Eliza Cornell, niece of Ezra Cornell, founder of the Cornell University, was born at Somerset, Md., December 1. 1801. His fathei- was engaged in a cotton factory in Rhode Island for several years: came to Mich- igan in 1880 and settled in Monroe County; moved to Ingham County in 1887. after which he devoted his attention to farming. Dr. Hayward, the subject of this sketch, received such advantages as the country school afforded, after which he attended the Hillsdale Col- lege, and subsequently the Michigan Union College. He taught school six terms: read medicine under Drs. Watts & Chubb, and attended medical leotiu'es at the university at Ann Arbor, in 1S59 and 180O. Having his attention called to the homoeopathic method of administering medicine, he became convinced of its sujieriority, and, after having prac- ticed medicine four years at Aurelius, Mich., he attended lectures and graduated from the Homceopathie Hospital College of Cleveland, Ohio, in 18()(). He then located at Romeo, Macomb Co., Mich., and built up a fine practice where allopathic opposition was so strong it was supposed a homoeopathist could not live. After remaining there five years and a half, he removed to Mt. Clemens, and has, during a residence of moro than ten years, been engaged in an extensive practice. He maiTied Miss Alice J. Smith, a native of Barring- ton. Orange Co. . N. Y. , who was then a resident of Jackson County. She was educated in the Michigan Union College, and taught school several terms, in which she was very successful. Since her man-iage, she has read medicine with her husband, attended the medical college at Detroit, and is a skillful practitioner. They are the parents of foiu' children, of whom Maude Louise and Frank H. are living; Lillie J. K. and Charlie C died in infancy. Dr. Hayward is a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and also of the Homoeopathic Medical Society of the State of Michigan. JOHN HEMMEN. deceased, was born in Luxemburg, CTermany, December 25, 1825; came to Detroit in 185G, where he was in the service of Michigan Central Railroad for sev- eral years. He was proprietor of City Hotel, opposite Milwaukee depot, for twelve years; came to Mt. Clemens in 1871, and took charge of hotel on northeast corner of square, which he called the Hemmen House, and operated until his death. July 14. 18S0. He married Miss Frederica Vogt March 10, 1858. to whom were born five children, of whom Lizzie and Laura are living. Mrs. Hemmen came to the United States alone in 1852. The family belong to the Catholic Church, of which Mr. Hemmen was also a member. GOTHOLD HEMME. The subject of this sketch is a son of Andrew Hemme, who was born in Saxe Weimar, September 7, 1822; settled in Wayne County in 1854, and in Ma- comb County in April, 1859. He is the owner of twenty acres in Section 81, Clinton, and by tfade a carpenter. He was married, in 1854, to Miss Caroline Apel, to whom five chil- dren were born, namely: August, Charles, Louise, Elizabeth and Minnie. Mrs. Hemme died in 1868. He married Miss Sophia Dietzsch in 1871. to whom two children were l^ HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. boru. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Hemme is Secretary of German Farmers' Insiu'ance Company of Macomb County. WESLEY HINMAN was born in Chautauqua County, N. Y., March •.:i2, 1^5 lO; came to Mt. Clemens in May, ISHO, where he married Mis.s Alice Connor, daughter of John Con- nor, July 10, lSi5;l This lady died in ISh'I. He married Mrs. Catherine Cole Wyckoff May 4, isr)4, to whom was born one child, Clarence W. Hinman. Mr. Hinman was Super- visor of Clinton, and filled other offices, as given in organic histor'y of Clinton. GILES HUBBAED, deceased, son of Quartus Hubbard, of Marbletowu, Ulster Co., N. Y., was born in January, IN]?. He served at the cooper's trade until 1.S29, when he visited his uncle, Daniel Davis. After passing one year there, he traveled through New York and Ohio, working at different points. In the summer of l>i--il. he made a jom'ney South, and, on account of the yellow fever epidemic, turned his steps northward, and arrived at Mt. Clemens in the fall of that year. He read law in the office of Judge Thurston, with whom he entered in partnership for one year. He formed a partnership with R. P. El- dredge, which continued for fifteen years; subseqviently formed a partnership with Thomas M. Crocker, which was observed for several years. He was appointed Postmastei at Mt. Clemens under Harrison in 1IS4(); elected Prosecuting Attorney, as shown in the political chapter; elected Senator, as referred to in same chapter; refused the appointment of Col- lector of Internal Revenue for the district, and also nomination for Congress. Mr. Hub- bard married Miss Euphemia, daughter of Homer and Mary Atwood Bingham, September ■-!H, 1842. To them were born seven childi'en, five of whom are living — Mary, Giles, Cxeorge, Julia E. and Barton H. Mrs. Hubbard still lives, aged eightv-tive years. JOSEPH HUBBARD, an old settler, boru at Mai'bletown, Ulster Co., N. Y., August 4, liSl4, son of Quartus, native of Litchfield, Conn., and Elizabeth Davis, the former of English descent and the latter of Holland descent. He settled with his father, in Ontario County, N. Y. , in 1827, his mother having died before they left Ulster County; came to Mt. Clemens in 1888; resided at New Baltimoie for five years; engaged in stave business, and then came back to Mt. Clemens, He was married, March 10, 18;^7. to Thankful S. Weeks, to whom were born five children, of whom are living William B. and Martha E. , now Mrs. High. He kept hotel — Clinton House — at Mt. Clemens from 1838 to 1841, where the American House now stands; was in the stave business until 18(j0, wh^n he was elected Sherifi'; held the office four years; appointed County Treasurer in February, 1805, and held that office about two years; held office of Constable and Collector six years; in early days, was the first Village Marshal at Mt. Clemens; also took its first census in 1838. He represents five first-class insurance companies; is also engaged in sewing machine agency. Mr. Hubbard was charter member of the first Odd Fellows' Lodge here; member of temperance societies; attends Presbyterian Chiu'ch, to which the family belong. Diir- ing the last two years of the late war, he was Deputy Provost Marshal for Macomb County. WILLIAM B. HUBBAED, boru at Mt. Clemens May 4, 1844, is son of Josephine Hubbard, of New York, who settled here in 1833. Mr. Hubbard married Miss Lizzie Shook in October. 18().j, to whom were born three children — Robert, Catherine and Dun- can. Mr. Hubbard was a soldier in the late war; served on gun-boat Forest Rose; was a resident of New Baltimore for several years, and is now engaged in the undertaking trade with Robert Shook, as established in 1879. The family belong to the Presbyterian Church. H. B. HUTCHINS, born at Lisbon, Grafton Co., N. H.. April 8, 1847; prepared for college at Newbury Seminary, Vermont; entered Michigan University September, 18(57; graduated from thei-e June, 1871; was Superintendent of the Owosso City Schools from September, 1871, to July, 1872; in June of 1872, was appointed Instructor in History and Rhetoric at Michigan University, which position he held until June, 1873, when he was appointed Assistant Professor of English and History at Michigan Univereity, which posi- «^ (a r- ~^ © ^ T A 4>t HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tion lie held until July, 1876, when he was admitted to the bar in Ann Ai'bor, and came at once to Mt. Clemens, where lie has since been located. DR. JESSE E. HUTCHINS, dentist, born in Oakland County, Mich., October 14, 1S42. son of Chai'les S. Hutchins, of New York State, was educated at Watseka and Jacksonville, 111. ; studied medicine under Drs. Mowry and Black, of Jacksonville. Pre- vious to beginning his studies, he conducted district schools for four terms; moved to Danville in ISliS, where he practiced dentistiy until 187)^, when he located at Mt. Clem- ens. Dr. Hutchins married Miss Nellie Moore, October 24. 1S78, to whom was born one child — Charles W. Hutchins. REV. EBENEZER IRELAND, son of John Ireland, was born in Northampton, England, September 1, 1889; was educated at the Congregational College, Nottingham, and ordained at Dronheld. England, in 1870; he was pastor of the First Congregational Clim-ch at DrouHeld until the fall of 1878, when he was appointed the pastor of the chm-ch at Brockville. Canada. After a term of two years, he was called to the pastorate of the Congregational Church at Danville, Canada, where he remained until 187N; he sup- plied Pine Grove Church, near Toronto, Canada, for a short time, when he came to Rich- mond, Macomb County, in 1879, as pastor of the chm-ch at that village In August, 1881, he came to Mt. Clemens as supply of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is now the regular pastor. Mr. Ii-eland's connection with the church is of the happiest character; he is a Christian minister in reality as well as in name. ROBERT JEAN, son of Joseph Jean, a native of Grosse Point and grandson of Robert of that locality, was born in Harrison Township, May 2o, 1883, His father was a well-known trader among the Indians, could speak their language, hunted and fished with them and was their trusted friend. The family moved to Clinton Township in 1847. Ml'. Jean is the owner of 100 acres of land on Sections 21 and 22, Clinton; engaged in Horn- and feed trade at Mt. Clemens in 1880 and 1881. He was married, August 8, 18ri(), to Catherine Norton, daughter of Hugh Norton, now of Macoml) Corners, an old settler and an old man of eighty-five summers. To them seven children were born, of whom Eva, Frank R., Charles, Jennie and an infant son are living. HON. WILLIAM JENNEY, present member of Legislature, was born at Pough- kee^jsie, N. Y., June 18, 1S87. He came to Macomb County, with his parents, in 1848, and settled at Mt. Clemens. Mr. Jenney i-eceived his education in Brown Universitj', Providence, R. I., where he graduated in 1859. Returning to Mt. Clemens, he studied law, and was prepared for admission to the bar in 18()1, when the war called for his ser vices. Dm'ing that year, he raised Company I, Ninth Michigan Infantry, and was mus- tered into service as Captain of that company. In 18(i8, he was commissioned Major, and. in 18H5, was raised to a Colonelcy by Gov. Crosswell. His company was recruited at a time when it appeared that the county had exhausted her men. which fact of itself won great credit for the organizer. A. reference to the military chapter' will point out at once the military record of Col. Jenney and the commands with which he was connected. He was admitted to the bar in ISIKi. and enjoyed a good praciice until 1876, when his elec- tion to the State Senate m'ged him to retire. His intention was to resume the practice of law, but his health would not permit. Col. Jenney was elected Secretary of State in 1878, which position he now holds. In the political chapter full references are made to his election. Among the delegates present at the memorable convention of 1880, held at Chicago, he was present. Col. Jenney was married to Miss Cora, daughter of the late Judge Horace Stevens, in February, 1866. They are the parents of one child — William S. Jenney. WILLIAM JENNEY (deceased) was born in Middlesex Couaty, Mass., in March, 1^12. Traveling westward, he located at Mt. Clemens in 1848, where he built the first ■^ JiL HISTORY OF MACOMB f'OU>JTY. stave-mill, tbe maciiinery of which he moved to New Baltimore In other pages of this work, the part taken by the late Mr. Jenney in the commercial and social development of Macomb County is regarded, -and. in the necrological chapter, a notice of his decease given. RUDOLPH J. KANDT, the eldest of eight brothers, was born in Niagara County. N. Y., October HI, 18-19 (son of Fred Kandt, a native of Germany): settled in Macoml) with his parents in isr)7; he received a common-school education; was a clerk in a gro- cery store for four yeai's; in ISTT). he establislied a grocery house at Mt Clemens, which he conducted until 1880. During the winter of 1879-80, he was partner with AVilliam E. Hall in building a steam barge, which he managed during the seasons of 1880 and 1881. In May of the latter year, he re-engaged in the grocery business, and now has a large and daily increasing trade. He sold his interest in the boat in the fall of 1881. Mr. Kandt married Hattie, daughter of Henry Rose, of Everett, Mich., January 28, 1879. This lady is a native of Macomb. JOHN KEILS. son of Gerhard Keils, was born in the Rhine Province. Germany. February 11. 18;:!"2: he was a soldier in the Prussian Infantry from April 1. 18r)4, to Sep- tember 27, 1857: he came to Mt. Clemens July 22, 1861, and uas made the city his home since that time; he labored on a farm in 18<)1 ; next, entered the emjiloy of O. W. Delano as clerk, which position he held for two years; afterward, was in the employ of T. W. Snook & Co. for eight yeai's: in 1872, he visit«d Germany; on his retm-n. in 1873, he es- tablished his present business of flour, feed and grain, and has carried it on since that time successfully. Mr. K. married Miss Anna M. Dahm, December 29, 18()li, to whom was born one child, since deceased. DOR KELLOGG, son of Alpheus Kellogg, a miller of Cayuga County, N. Y. . was born in Cayuga County, June 11, 1822: came to Oakland. County, Mich., in 1839, where he engaged in the milling business at Clarkston for five years; in 1844 or 1845, he re- turned to New York; came to Litchfield, Mich., in 18(i0. and to Mt. Clemens in 1870. Miv K. has identified himself with the flom-milling interests of the city since that time; he married Miss Harriet McLean, July 4, 1844; this lady died in 1852; in 1853, he mar- ried Miss Eliza A. Dutcher, to whom were born three children — Carrie C, Hattie E. and Anna C. Mi*. K. is religiously a Baptist. MARTIN C. KELLY, M. D., one of the leading physicians and surgeons of the county, was born at Dexter. Washtenaw County, Mich., February 4, 1851 ; his father was a native of Ireland; came to the United States in 1844. and died in 1803; he was a Metho- dist Episcopal minister until 1855, when he became a minister of the Protestant Episcopal Chiu'ch. In 18()(), Dr. Kelly moved to Ann Arbor with his mother, where he gi'aduatod in pharmacy, in 1871, and in medicine in 1875. He located at Mt. Clemens the same year and ojaened an office there, May 18, where his j^ractice is fully established. His mar- riage with Miss Alice Snook, daughter of T. W. Snook, of Mt. Clemens, was celebrated May 29. 1877, to whom three childi-en were born — William T.. Ai-thur H. and Charles D. Kelly. The Doctor represents the Second Ward in the City Council; is a member of the Masonic order and an ardent supporter of every movement to advance the interests of Mt. Clemens. FREDERICK G. KENDRICK was born at Schlotheim, in Schwarzbm-g, Germany, May 14. 183('); came to this country, with his parents, from Germany, in 1844; they set- tled at Belvidere, Macomb County; from there they moved to Mt. Clemens; fi'om there to Marine City, St. Clair County. Mr. K. was educated in this country. From Marine, he moved to the township of Erin, Macomb County, and became a fsirmer and cattle broker. Took part in politics, held several tovsmship offices of trust; was elected member of the State Legislature in 1808. In 1870, he was elected Sheriff of Macomb County for two terms. Removed to the city of Mt. Clemens and engaged in hardware business and in ^7=r- Lix: HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. o9:! the manufaetiu'e of sash, doors, blinds, etc., and contractor of buildings, in ISTT), in which he is still successfully engaged. He has an extensive sawmill in the township of Taymouth, where he manufactures his lumber. He has taken full part in the social, po litical, and industrial advancement of the county. He was married. May 5, 1802, to Hen- rietta Elsey, daughter of Henry Elsey, from Leipsi'". Germany. Mr. K. and wife were the parents of eight children, sis of whom are alive — live daughters and one son — oldest daughter, Caroline: Hattie, Emma, Bertha, Julia and youngest son, Frank. The family belong to the German Episcopal Lutheran Church. WILLIA.M KLEIN, sou of Andrew Klein, was born in Prussia, Germany, September 27, 188(5; came with his family to Niagara, N Y.. in 1852, and settled in Erin Township, Macomb County, in l!sr):l Mr. K. was head sawyer for several years in saw-mill, and foreman for foiu' years. j)assing eighteen years in mills at Hamtramek. He was married, January 1, 1861. to Miss Augusta Meir. to whom five children were born — Amelia, Charles, Minnie, Willey and Augusta. He resides on his farm. Section 'A\, Clinton, where he owns seventy-two acres well improved. He is at present Drain Commissioner. Tlie family belong to the Cxerman Lutheran Church. ALEXANDER KNIGHT (deceased), son of Robert, was born at Edinburgh, Scotland, June y, 180'J; came to Rochestei', N. Y., iu 1833, and to Detroit in 1834; he was a black- smith by trade and did all the smithing for the C. & K. Canal in its course through Ma- comb County. During this time, his family remained at Detroit. After coming to Mt. Clemens, he was very successful: at one time, he owned a large tract of land at Detroit and several blocks in the center of Mt. Clemens: he was a dealer in real estate, a house builder, a business man at New Baltimore and an active, industrious and honest citizen. He was married in Scotland in 1S32, to Miss Annie Anderson, who came to the United States a few months after her husband. They were the parents of eleven children, six of whom are living — Jeannette, Margaret, Mary A., Alex, Rowena and Devena. Mr. K. was tax collector for some time. His death took place August o, 1881. JULIUS KOEHLER, son of John Koehler, of Germany, was born at Detroit October 27, 1843: his parents came to Detroit from Germany in 1839 or 1840: moved to Mt. Clemens in 18r)3. Mr. Koehler came here with his family and has made the city his home since that timi^. save six years passed at Detroit learning blacksmith's and wagon- maker's trades and working at these trades. He established a wagon, carriage and black- smith shop at Mt. Clemens in 18()8. beginning on a small sxiaieand gradually building up a good business, giving employment to five or six skilled workmen. He was married, De- cember 17, 1874. to Miss Pauline Winkler, to whom three children were born — Clara, William E. and Julius M. Mrs. K. is a member of the Lutheran Chiu-ch. Mr. K. is a member of the I. O. O. F. , in which order he has passed all chairs, and represents the Mt. Clemens Lodge in the Council of the Grand Lodge. He was elected first Alderman of the Third Ward of the city in 1879, and served two years. JOHN KUHN was born November 30. 1842, at Niederwald, Hessen, Germauv. His father's name was Frantz Kuhn; he attended the common schools at home, from 1848 to 1857. He served his apprenticeship in a book and stationery store in Marburg for three years, and served them for teji years after his apprenticeship. After leaving Marbiu'g, he went to Frankfort-on-the-Main, and entered a merchant and tailoring establishment as a salesman for three years: thence with the banking house of Seligmann & Co., as col- lector, with which firm he remained until 1N()5, when he emigrated to America: arrived at Detroit, Mich., in November. 1865. and accepted an engagement with G. Doeltz & Bros., where he remained as salesman for nine years; came to Mt. Clemens in the year 1874, and entered into partnership with his brother-in-law, P. Ulrieh. under the firm name of P. Ulrich & Co: since then, this firm has dissolved partnership and continues in the same ^rv" L^ line of business under the name of Ulrich, Kuhn & Co. He was married, in 1S70, to Miss Catherine Elizabeth Ulrich. There were born to them four children, two sons — Frantz and John — and two daughters —Laura and Matilda. He was elected Alderman of the Second Ward, in ISSl: is a member of the Board of Trustees of the Lutheran Chui'ch of Mt. Clemens; also a member of the Masonic Lodge of the same place; a member of the Royal Arch Chapter: also a member of the Knight Templar Commandery, of Romeo, No! f). FRANCIS LETOURNEAU (deceased) was born in Harrison Township, two and one- half miles below Mt. Clemens, December 2, ISOO; his grandfather was a native of France and his father a native of Canada. In IS] 2, Mr. L. located at Detroit, where he learned the carpenter's trade; he subsequently studied architecture. He was married, in liS21. to Clotilde Girardin, born at Detroit November 7, 1797, daughter of James Girardin, of Lower Canada. They were the parents of eight childi'en — Moses F. , deceased, was or- dained priest; Emily, married Aug. Henquenet; Charles R. , deceased; Louis J., was or- dained priest, now of Notre Dame College, Indiana; Josephine, married the late Mr. Par quette; Sarah, resides at home, and Timothy and EJeanor, deceased. Mr. L. came to Mt. Clemens in 1S54, and made the village his home until his death, in ISfiO. He built the Michigan Exchange at Detroit in 18H2, superintended the building of Fort Wayne and several light-houses for the United States Government, built the steamboats knovra as the Michigan, the Detroit and the Illinois, together with many other boats; di-ew the plans for St. Peter and Paul's Catholic Church and St. Ann's Chiu'ch, Detroit, and was a prominent builder and contractor of the State. He held the position of Village Trustee for one year; was a most estimable citizen and a native pioneer of Macomb County, The Letourneau family have always been members of the Catholic Church. EDWARD W. LEWIw' born in Macomb Township July 17, 1844; son of Wesley and Hannah Lewis, of Massachusetts, where he was educated. He was married, in May, ISBS, to Anna Dutton, a native of Chautauqua County, N. Y., and daughter of Ransom Dutton, They are the parents of four children — Jessie, Eddie, Hattie and Harry. Mr. L. has been Councilman for four years and is a member of the Masonic Order and of I. O. G. T, WESLEY LE^VIS, born in Jefiersou County, N. Y., August 2-2. 1S14, son of Labin Lewis, of New Hampshire; he was educated in Massachusetts, to which State his parents moved when he was still yoimg; located in Genesee, N, Y., in ISHO, and in Macomb County, in 1888, for a short time: he visited again in 1831), and located permanently in 1840; he followed agi'iculture in Lenox for four years; kept the county house one yeai'; labored for some time at Mt, Clemens; shared in building the lighthouse at Point Bargue, Lake Huron, in co apany with Harrison Warren; bought Mt. Clemens saw-mill in 1848 or 1849, which he sold in 1852, remaining as foreman of the mill until 1877. He was mar- ried, to Miss Hannah Warren, in 1842; they are the parents of five children, of whom Mary, Edward, George H. and Frank W, are living. WILLIAM LITTI,E was born in Colchester Township, Essex County, Canada, on the shore of Lake Erie, where he was educated; he caiTied on a farm there until 185H, when he came to Clinton Township, Macomb County: here he farmed until 1S65, when he returned to Canada. In July, 187VI, he came to Mt, Clemens and opened a private boai'ding-house; subsequently, he Ijecame proprietor of the St. Cloud House, which he now conducts. He was married, in March, 1851, to Sarah Butler, to whom five children were born: Delos, Charles, and Adelaide are living: one daughter. Georgia A, , died December 14, 18S1, aged twenty-one years. Mrs. Little is a member of the Protestant Episcopal Chiu-ch. HENRY LODEWYCK was raised and educated at Detroit; he came to Mt. Clemens in 1S72; in 1879, be established his e.xtensive and well-managed livery concern, valued at »rv '-^ HISTORY (JF MACOMli COUNTY. $6,000, together with buildings and grounds. This livery ih connected by telephone with all the principal hotels of the city. In February, LS70, Mr. L. mari-ied Pauline Rivard, to whom were bora seven children, live of whom are living — Ida, Henry, Caroline, Rose and Fran- cis. Aftpr the death of Mrs. L., he married for his second wife Rose Rivard, in 1880, to whom one child was born- Arthur Lodewyck. JOSEPH LONSBY, an extensive dealer in lumber, shingles, laths, cedar posts and part owner of the steamer, Ida Burton, and the barge, S. H. Johnston; established his business here in 1875, where he continued until ISSl, when he moved south of the river. Mr. Lonsby was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., July 24, 1887; his father, Peter Lonsby, was a native of Canada. Mr. L. came to Michigan in isr)4; clerked at Pine Run, Gen- esee County, for three years, was engaged in lumbering in Alcona County for live years, until coming to Mt. Clemens, in 1875. He married Miss Lucy Ann Webster, of Ohio, in 18()0, to whom were born Charles and John Lonsby, the latter of whom is dead. Charles entered into partnership with his father in 1SS2. Mr. L. is a member of the Masonic R. A. and a Master Mason. FLOYD LUFKIN, son of Varnum Lufkin, an old and respected citizen of Mt. Clem- ens, was born in the village September 15, 1S45; was educated here, and labored in the brick factory until 18(U, when he went to Kansas, Colorado, Utah and Montana, returning to Mt. Clemens in 18r)7. He was married, December 81. 18(jy, to Miss Mary Walker, daughter of the late George Walker, of Mt. Clemens. They are the parents of Blanche, Kittie and Varnum. TRANGOTT LUNGERSHANSEX, born at Ai-tern, Prussia, July 1, 1888, came to the United States in 1S52, where he leai-ned the carpenter trade, at which he worked in Detroit for a term of four years; after that, he was farming, until 1871, when he opened a flour and feed store at Mt. Clemens; subsequently, a hardware store, which he operated until his election as Register of Deeds, in 1874. He was re-elected in 187(') and 187S, holding the office with credit to himself and to the county until ISM, when Col. Farrar succeeded him, under whom he is now Deputy Register of Deeds. Mr. L. married Miss Emily Stechert, in January, 185fi, to whom six children were born, live of whom are livincr. T. F. MARRIOTT, born in Wayne Counjty, N. Y., November 8, 18(>7, son of T. F. Marriott, of England, came to Mt. Clemens in January, 1881 ; has been employed by Mi-. Peter Greiuer as clerk since March 14 of that year. CHARLES MASON, sou of Thomas Mason, was born in Lincolnshire, England, Octo- ber 18, 1850: came with his family to Canada in 1852, where he attended the common schools. He came to Mt. Clemens in 1873, where he worked for Van Eps & Co. one year. In 1874, he visited Louisville, Ky. ; from there, he went to Brownsville, Tenn., thenceto Memphis, Tenn,, in September, 1875, and returned to Mt. Clemens in the spring of lS/6, where he established his boot and shoe house. He was married, in May, 1880, to Matilda Wood, daughter of Samuel Wood, of Mt. Clemens. ALMANZO MATTHEWS, son of Sidney Matthews, was born in Fairtield Township, Lenawee County, Mich., July 7, 1844. He was educated in Macomb County, whither he removed with his parents in 1S49. Mr. M. served in Company G. Eighth Michigan Cav- alry, for three years, and participated in the brilliant services of that command. He was wounded at Knoxville and subsequently served in hospital duty until transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, at Chicago, in the fall of 18(U. He learned the mason's trade in LSfK) and l.S()7, at wnich he has worked almost since that time. He moved from his farm to Mt. Clemens in 1875, He was married to Miss Emma Sheldon in Janu;yy, ISIili. This lady is the daughter of the late Amariah Sheldon, an old settler of Macomb. They are the parents of three children — Angeline, Nettie A. and Frank B. 1^ ^k HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. HENRY F. MEIER, Professor of Chemistry, with the Mt. Clemens Sulpho-Mineral Salt Company, son of the late Dr. Henry F., a prominent physician of Philadelphia; was born in Mecklenburg. Crermany. in April. 1S4S: came to the United States with his par- ents in 1S,")1: was educated in Philadelphia; entered the di'ug business in 18<)2: studied at the New York College of Pharmacy, and has been engaged as a manufacturing chemist since his arrival at Detroit, in the fall of ISfiO. where he was in the employ of Swift Bros, and, subsequently, in that of Parke, Davis & Co.: he located at Mt. Clemens in July. ISSl, and connected himself with the Mineral Springs Company as chemist. To him is due much of the valuable information given to us on the subject of constituents of mineral waters, of Mt. Clemens. DYKES MILLAR, son of John Miller, of Scotland, was born in Monroe County, N. Y. , March 12, ISOH: came with his father to Macomb in 1881. and located land on Section 19, Clinton, on the south bank of the river. He encountered all the obstacles of the pio- neer. He Iniilt a log house in 1N32, the walls of which are still standing. In January, 1838, he married Miss Emma Harvey, to whom four children were born, three of whom are living — John. James and Robert; the daughter. Belle, died at the age of twenty-foui' years. Mr. Miller was Major on Gen. Stockton's staff diu'ing the Toledo war, and more recently has tilled the quieter ofiSces of Notary Public and Highway Commissioner. NORTON L. MILLER, born in Berkshire County, Mass., December 2, 1815, was son of Ozni Miller, of Connecticut, son of Samuel Miller, a soldier of the Revolution, son of Miller who came from England and settled in Connecticut prior to the Revolution. Ozni Miller and family left Massachusetts in 1818 ;uid located in Monroe County, N. Y., ten miles south of Rochester; in 1882, the family settled in Ray Township, this county, where the elder Mr. Miller died in 1840. Norton L. taught school during the winter terms, but labored principally at his trade as miller until 18(), 1842, in Shelby; received his early education at the Disco Academy and Oxford Institute, under Profs. A. M. Keeler and S. A. Taft; attended the State Normal and Union Schools at Ypsilanti. He married Miss Sarah E., daughter of Jacob Bowers, of Addison, Oakland County, May l:i 1808; they have one child — Merton B. ; he taught school in several places in Oakland and Macomb Counties, dtu'ing the winters, and farmed diu'ing the summers; i ntered the law department at the Michigan Univei'sity, in 1878, gi-aduated and was admitted to the bar in 1880; he was elected to the office of Circuit Court Commissioner the same year, and has since been practicing law at Mt. Clemens. OLIVER MOORE, son of Si"mon M. , of Harrison Township, was born in Clinton Township February 20. 1840: his grandfather. Lawi-ence Moore, was forced into the British service in Quebec during the Revolution, fi-om which service he and two co'urades escaped, and, walking to a point opposite Port Hiu-on. crossed the river and was among the iirst settlers in Harrison Township, where he bought land from the Indians. Oliver Moore maiTied Miss Catherine Taylor April IH, 18f)0. May 22, 1870, he man-ied Miss Erzelia Rivard; the childi-en of the fii-st marriage were Victoria, Oliver, William and James; the children of the second marriage were Louis B. , Gilbert, Nettie, Hattie, Frank. Josephine and Louise. JOHN MORDHORST. proprietor of the Detroit House, formerly the City Hotel, took charge of it in October. 1879. Mi-. Mordhorst was born at Kiel, Holstein, in 1842; came with his parents to Detroit in 1856; went to Missom-i in 1862; served in Company A, four months' militia, principally on provost duty, until bis retui'n to Detroit in 1864; subsequently, he visited the Lake Superior District, and there manufactured the tii-st cigars ever made in Keweenaw County. Mich., in 18()(): retm-ned to Detroit in 186/, and was cigar manufacturer there until 1879, when he came to Mt. Clemens. He was maiTied, April 14, 1868, to Bertha Hochral, to whom three children were born — Clara, John and Rosa. IGNACE A. MORASS, son of Anthony and grandson of Ignace Morass, was born at Belvidere. Macomb County, September 1, 1827; his father and gi-andfather were born at Hamtramck, on Detroit River; former in 1796 and the latter in 1771; his great-grand- father came from France in the military corps under Montcalm; was at the surrender of Quebec in 1759 and among those banished to Detroit. The grandfather helped to build Fort Gratiot during the war of 1812, and was one of the best carpenters in the Northwest Territory. He also built h saw-mill on Black River, which was the first mill used to saw round logs. The Morass family moved to Macomb in 1805. G. T. Ignace Morass raised 2,000 bushels of wheat some years, and su^jplied the settlers with seed wheat, oats and barley — in fact, he was the ijiost extensive farmer in Michigan. With the exception of a ride across the river into Canada, and his visit to the Centennial, the present Mr. Morass has never left his native State. He was married. Februai-y 20. 1855, to Miss Margaret Stapleton, daughter of William Stapleton. They were the parents of ten children — Olive, Mary, Anna, Ignace. Florence, Elizabeth and Joseph, are living. The family be- long to the Catholic Chui-eh. CHARLES MOSER (deceased) was born near Paris, France, in July, 1805; came to Philadelphia in 1823; moved to Juniata County, Penn. . shortly after, and was engaged ^. r liL HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. in mercantile work until 185."), when he moved to Mt. Clemens. That year, he opened a money office and also established a meat mai-ket here. Mr. Moser mai'ried Mrs. Elizabeth Middlesworth, a dauojhter of Christian Fall, in March, 18:11. They were the parents of eight children — Clotilda. Isaac. Jackson, Lydia A., Edward, Mary M., Jennie E. and A^'illiara H. Mrs. Moser had one child by her previous marriage — John Middlesworth. WILLIAM H. INIOSER was born "at Mt. Clemens July 2(j, 1857: son of Charles Moser, who came from Pennsylvania to this city in 1855; was educated here; has been engaged in handling cattle since his youth, and has made a success of the meat market which he established in 1S78. Mr. Moser was married in October, 1S7N, to Miss Minnie Rutz, of Detroit. SAMUEL R. MULVEY, son of Joseph Mulvey, of Ireland, who came to Montreal, Canada, when young, was boi-n at Rochester. N. Y. , May 14. IX'M. Samuel came to Ma- comb with his parents in 1887, and located in Sterling Township. Joseph Mulvey was a farmer of Clinton until his death, in the fall of 1872. S. R. Mulvey was married to Miss Susan Riley, daughter of Michael Riley, in 1868; to them five children wore born — Mary A., Mattie E., George E., Emma and Robert S. He now lives on the farm that Joseph Mulvey owned, ninety acres on Sections 150, 81 and 82, Clinton: was Constable for seven years and is now Justice of the Peace for the town of Clinton. The family belong to the Catholic Chiu'ch. THOMAS W. NEWTON, Sheriff of Macomb County, was born in Lincolnshire, En- gland, December (i, 1889. His father, Luke Newton, now residing at Bloomtield Center, Oakland County, located at Detroit in 1851. Thomas AV. passed his earlier years at his father's home in England, where also he was accustomed to walk three miles to school and make the ivturn trip every day; he left home at the age of seventeen, labored in vari- ous employments, was engineer of one of the Lake Superior copper mines for over two years, worked at the cai'penter's trade for a time, opened a butcher shop for mining trade, shipped cattle to the lake region and was extensively engaged in the cattle shijjping trade until his election as Sheriff of Macomb County, in 1880. Mr. N. is a member of the Mt. Clemens Masonic Lodge and also of the chapter. He married Miss Rebecca French, De- cember 81, 1867, of England, to whom were born two children — Ada M. and Hany T. Newton. ERNEST J. OLDE, merchant of Mt. Clemens, established his house on North Gra- tiot street in 1874. In 1869, he engaged in business with Paul Ulrich, under the firm name of Ulrich & Okie. Mr. Olde does a trade of $80,000 annually. His dry goods warehouse, wool department and business at Port Huron are all well conducted, purchase for cash being one of his leading characteristics or principles. It is his intention to add a first-class grocery and provision store to his Mt. Clemens establishment at an early day. Mr. Olde was born in Holstein, Germany, in 184(5: settled at New Baltimore, Macomb County, in 1854; moved to East Saginaw in 1860 and to Mt. Clemens in 18(')2. He mar- ried Miss Matilda Bulte, in 1871, to whom were born five chilcken — Grace, Hemy, Walter, Alice and Odella. Mr. Olde is a man of business, worthy and judicious in all matters, and determined to succeed in any enteri)rise he may embai'k in. JOHN OTTO, born in Prussia. Germany, January 1, 1882. came to the United States in 1854: worked in a Buffalo brick-yaixl for four months and came to Mt. Clemens in Oc- tober, 1854. In 1858. he entered the store of Sackett & Dickinson: on the dissolution of partnership. Mi-. Otto continued under Mr. Sackett, and entered into partnership with him in 1861. He continued his bvisiness until 1871, >vhen he sold his interest on account of ill health. He was appointed Postmaster at Mt. Clemens by the Arthirr administration, and took po.ssession of the office November 1, 1881. Mi-. Otto was married, in Germany, in 1854, to Miss Mary C. Schneider. This lady died April 22. 1872. He married for HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. liis second wife Miss Sophia Dubois, November 2(), 1878. Frederica K. and John are the childi'en of the first marriage. Mr. Otto has served as Trustee of the village for four years and Alderman for two years. This family belongs to the Catholic Chui'ch. GEORGE PAEEOTT was born in Bedfordshire, England. July 8, 1832: a son of Daniel of same shire, who came to America in ISri-t. Mj-. P. came to Redford, Mich., in 1852; worked by the month there until he came to this county, in 1859, when he located in Clinton Township, four and one-half miles from Mt. Clemens; he fanned for thirteen years; removed to the suburbs of Mt. Clemens in 1872; he is a farmer and stock-raiser and the owner of two farms. He married, December 25. 185(), Miss Elizabeth Simms, of England, to whom eight children were born, seven of whom are living Wallace, Ellen, Elsie. Horace, Lewis, Charlie and Leonard. The family belong to the Methodist Church, called the Protestant Methodist. ELDRIDGE G. PRATT (deceased), son of Joel and nephew of the Peter Pratt, who compiled the Pratt genealogy, was born at South Boston. Mass., June ](), 1805; came to Eocliester, N. Y., when a young man and to Mt. Clemens in 1832, where he engaged in the real estate business. He entered mercantile life here in 1835 and followed it success- fully until his death, September 2(5, 18IU. Mr. Pratt was married March (i. 1835, tx) Miss Prudence M. , daughter of Phineas Cook, of Connecticut, descended from one of three brothers — John — who came from Northampton, England, early in the seventeenth ceutiuy- Their names were Richard, John and George. In 1N23, the Cook family showed forty, three collegiate graduates. Mrs. Pratt was born July ICi, 1819, in Otsego Count}', N, Y. She is the mother of Almeda and Lorain Pratt, the former IVIi-s. T. C. Bell, of Lansing, the latter a graduate of the Philadelphia School of Elocution. Mr. Pratt built a frame house on Walnut street in 1833, which still stands near the engine-house. He organized a Methodist class here and was the first class leader after coming here. He was charitable in all things, a faithful Christian. He counted only thirty dwellings, stores, barns, etc, in Mt. Clemens in 1832. REV. WILLIAM WALLACE RAFTER, Rector of Grace Protestant Episcopal Church, of Mt. Clemens, was born on the 19th of April, A. D. 1842, in the parish of St. Lin, P. Q. His father, William Rafter, a native of Queens Coimty, Ireland, came to Canada in 1829 with his family. His mother died when he was about ten years old, after which he lived with his aunt in Brooklyn, N. Y. ; subsequently, he was sent to a select school in New Haven, Conn. ; in 1857, he was sent to the grammar school at Gam bier, Ohio, and, in 1859, entered the Freshman class in Kenyon College, Gambler: in the fall of 1803, he entered the Theological Seminary at Nashotah, Wis., and was ordained Deacon by Bisho}) Kemper, on Trinity Sunday. June, 1805. He immediately entered upon his duties as Rector of St. Matthew's Chm'ch, Kenosha, Wis., and was advanced to the priesthood on the 27th of December of the same year. In the spring of 18()G, he was elected Rector of St. Paul's Chui'ch, Kankakee, 111., and in the spring of 18()7 was called to the rectorship of Christ Church, La Crosse, Wis. In the summer of 18fiS, he ac- cepted an urgent call to the rectorship of Trinity Chiu'ch. Alpena, Mich. : while there, he built up a large and prosperous parish: in August, 1878, he was sent by the ecclesi- astical authority of the dioeese to lay the foundation for a new parish in Cheboygan. He rented the town hall for his Sunday services and soon gathered round him a congrega- tion. At the close of the first year, he had a Sunday school nimibering 100 scholars and twelve teachers: by the end of the second year, a new church had been built and conse- crated. In the fall of 188l), he removed to Saginaw, where he remained until he was called to the rectorship of Grace Church, Mt. Clemens. June 12, 1881. Mr. Rafter mar- ried Miss Annetta Bradley, daughter of B. L. Bradley, M. D.. of Woodstock, Ontario, May 14, 1873, to whom were born three ehildi-en — Josephine, Annetta and Emeline Cath- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. erine, both deceased, and Mary Adele, uow in her seventh year. Mr. R. is a Mason and a member of tht Philomathian Literary Society, and one of the founders of the Psi Chapter of the Chi Phi fraternity in Kenyon College. CfEORGE ROBINSON, of "the firm of Snook & Robinson, was born in Montcahn County, Province of Quebec, Canada, February 7, 184'i; son of William and Jane A. (Peyton) Robinson, the former a native of Ireland. Mr. Robinson moved with his parents into I^pper Canada in isr)4. where he resided until May, IST^S, when he came to the lUiited States and located at Mt. Clemens. Since that time, he has been intimately asso- ciated with the manufacturing interests of the city. He married Miss Sabrina Tomlinson, November '), 1870; this lady is the daughter of Jonathan Tomlinson, of the Toronto Dis trict, Canada, and gi-auddaughter of the British Captain, Osborne, who owned 700 acres on the site of Washington City, which was declared confiscated after the Revolutionary war and its claimant driven to Canada. JOHN ROSKOPP, proprietor of Mt. Clemens meat market, was born in Prussia Oc- tober 25. lS;!t); son of John Roskopp, who came from Prussia to Mt. Clemens in October, LSr)4, and still resides there. Mr. R. went to Chicago in 1855. to St. Louis in 1857, and, retm-ning in 1801, entered into partnership with A. Czizek and established a meat market in 18()5; this partnership was dissolved subsequently ; he gave an interest to his brother Jacob; since 1870, Mr. R. has conducted the meat business alone. Since Stevens' patent refrigerator, charcoal -lined walls and large supply of ice enable him to keep a large stock of the finest meats, his packing business for home and lake trade is extensive. He mar- ried Miss Margaret Stapleton in 1804. They are the parents of six children — two daugh- ters and four sons. Mr. Roskopp is doing a very successful business. He uses steam power for sausage making and lard rendering. WILLIAM A. ROWLEY, son of Ransom M., of Monroe County, N. Y.. who came to Macomb County about 18H2, was born in Shelby Township November 8, 184H; he enlisted in Company B. Fifth Infantry, in July, 18()1; re-enlisted in 18(54, and served till the close of the war. He was one of the musicians attached to the command from its organi- zation. He was married. December 5, 1805, to Miss Theodosia Adams, daughter of Oliver Adams, an early settler of Macomb; the lady is a native of this county, and died here in January, 1807. February 10, ISOO, he married Miss Mattie M. Phillips, daughter of the [>ioneer, Ezra Phillips, deceased; they are the parents of three children — Maud, Mattie and Mary. Mr. R. was Treasurer of Shelby in 1808-09; came to Clinton Township in 1870. of which he has been Supervisor for the past three years; is an extensive dealer in and breeder of pure Holstein cattle; has three thoroughbreds, two of which were imported from Holland; he also deals in fine Berkshire hogs, paying as high as $()0 for one to its owner, near Toronto, Canada; he imported Prince Bismarck, in May. 1879, from North Holland, the animal Ijeiug then four years old and weighing 2,400 pounds. F. W. RUTTER, born near Oxfo"rd, England, June 24, 1850. son of Robert Rutter, who came with his family to Wayne County. Mich., in 1853, and to Macomb County in 1859; was educated in the common schools and at Mayhew's Business College, Detroit, where he graduated in 1870; he was book-keeper for John Clancy, of Detroit, for six months: clerk for George Law, of Mt. Clemens, for some time; fai'mer from 1875 to 1881, when he established the 99-ceut store in this city. Here he keeps a little stock of every- thing, and has a well-conducted and prosperous business. Mr. R. married Miss Marion E. Seely, October 20, 1874, to whom were born two children — Maud M. and Leslie F. WILLIAM H. RUTTER. born at Philadelphia August 28, 1828, is the son of Thomas Rutter, of Maryland, who was a sea captain and one of the I'^nited States survey- ors of the lakes in early days, and also died about 1882 or I83;l William L. came to Mt. Clemens with his mother in 1884, and made the city his home ever since, with the excep- "Hv tion of a few years passed in Ohio with his uncle. He learned the carpenter's and joiner's trades in 1848, and, for the last thirty-four years, has aided in building up the village of Mt. Clemens. He attended school and ehm-ch in the old log coiu-t house, witnessed the progress of education and religion since that time, was one of the first Trustees of Mt. Clemens Village, in 1851, and was Constal)le of the village for twenty three years success- ively and an old and esteemed member of the Masonic and I. O. O. F. Societies. Mr. Butter married Miss Emma Campbell, March i:^, ISfiO, to whom were born two children — W. Harry and Frederick; the former is Clerk in the Coiu't of Probate, in which position his efficiency and business qualities continue to win him hosts of friends. EEV. CHARLP:S RYCKAERT, pastor of St. Peter's Catholic Chiu-ch, Mt. Clemens; was bom in Belgiimi August 15, 1820; was educated in the College of Flanders; was or- dained priest of the Catholic Chiu-oh. at Ghent, Belgium, in 1847. Father R. served ten years in the ministry of the church in Belgium. In 1857, he went to Sauvain, Belgiiun, to help in establishing the American Seminary there, and, in 1858, left for the United States, arriving here in April of that year; he was appointed priest of the church at Hills- dale, Mich., where he remained for a term of thirteen years; in April, 1871, he was ap- j)ointed pastor of the St. Peter's, at Mt. Clemens: his administration of the parish has been marked with the highest results; the denominational system of education has grown to some importance >inder his direction, church property has been improved, the congre- gation has advanced in knowledge and prosperity. The new chm-eh was projected by him and, under his superintendence, will be carried through to completion. LEMUEL SACKETT (deceased), sou of Lemuel Sackett, of English descent, was bom near Pittsfield, Mass., November 8. 1808; came with his parents to Pittsford, N. Y., in 182'2, and to Clinton Township, Macomb County, in 1829; he cleared up a good farm here, which he cultivated until 1854, when he moved to Mt. Clemens; he lived in the city until his death, January Ki, 1882. Mr. S. married Miss Mary Miller, daughter of John Miller, a Scotchman, March 9, 1S29; the lady i- as born in New York State; they were the parents of sis children, thi-ee of whom are living — Lemuel, Frances Campbell and jVTartha Travers; two sons, John and Robert F., died of disease in the war of I8()l-t35. Mrs. S. is a member of the Presbyterian Chm-ch, of which her husband was a Deacon for over a quarter of a century. She is seventy-fom- years of age and in the enjovTnent of good health. LEMUEL M. SACKETT, son of Lemuel Sackett, of Massachusetts, who came to Michigan in 1828, was born in Clinton Township May 1, 1881, and was educated in the township and Mt. Clemens schools; taught school for two winter terms; began survey- ing in 1852, went to Port Huron in 1855, and was foreman in the lumber yard of A. & H. Fish for three years; dm'ing the winters, he scaled for the firm in the kunber woods; re- turning to Macomb, he followed agriculture until 1877, when he settled at Mt. Clemens: during the past thi-ee years he has been engaged in surveying. He was married, in No- vember, 1863, to Miss Emily L. Cole, daughter of Joseph Cole, who settled in the woods of Clinton in 1884. and died in July, 1878; to this marriage one child was born — Robert L. Mr. S. was elected Clerk of Harrison Township for two terms. EDGAR J. SALISBURY, manager for the Singer Manufactiu-ing Company, was born in Jefferson County, N. Y., March 20, 1S44; came, with his widowed mother, to La- peer, in 1852, where he was educated. The family moved to North Branch Township, Lapeer County, where Mr. S. laid out for himself a farm of 120 acres: subsequently, he lumbered for several years, and ultimately engaged with the Singer Manufacturing Com- pany in 1876. He came to Mt. Clemens in February, 1881. and took charge of the office in March of the same year. He married Miss Louisa C. Hosner, daughter of Jacob Hos- 1>^ ner, an old settler of Bruce, October 8, 1873. to whom has been born one child. Mr. S. has live branch offices in the county, and takes an important part in building up the trade of the company which he represents here. The Singer factory has produced 561,036 machines during the year 1881. JOHN A. SANDERS, son of Russell Sanders, descendant of a family by that name who came from Wales in the seventeenth century, was born in Westerly, Washington County, February 19, 1806. He followed the sea during his minority, aud then learned his trade, that of ship carpenter, at Providence, R. I. ; came to Macomb County in 1886, and. in 1837, served in the Clinton Guards, called out by Gov. Mason. He bought a farm in Lenox, where he remained for eleven years, part of the time working at his trade. He then moved to Mt. Clemens, where he built the following vessels: Schooners Mariner, Euphemia, Sea Bird. Elydia: sloop Francis: scows Argus. Dan Tucker. Mary Jane, Pike, John A. Sanders, Union, Harriet, Lily Dale. Emily: steam barges Nevada. Arizona. Flor- ence, Ida, Morning Star, Louis Gilbert. He also repaired and superintended the building of many others. He was married, in 1828, to Lavinia Crandall, who died in 1854. He then married Mvs. Anna L. Ryan, the daughter of John Russell, and a native of Lanca- shire, England. He has one daughter — Georgiana Sanders, and a step-son, the Rev. A. AV. Ryan. ADOLPH H. SHEFP'ERLY, foreman of Kendrick planing-mill. sash, door and blind factory, was born at Detroit November (i, 1851; son of John Sheiferly, who came from Switzerland to Detroit in 1848. IVIr. S. came to Mt. Clemens in January, 1876, and at once entered in charge of the factory: he is a practical architect, having designed the Lutheran Church building, the Porter Block, Dahm's store. S. M. Stone's residence at Ridgeway, and many of the finest residences of Mt. Clemens, inclu ing E. J. Olde's resi deuce: he was a member of the building firm of Shefferly Bros., of Detroit, for eight years: he is a member of the Catholic Cluu'ch. He was married, June .!(), ]878. to Mary Ann Kappeler. who was born in Switzerland: has one son — Robert Joseph Shefterly, born March lU, 187U; lost one son — Clarence Henry Shefi"erlv. He was elected Alderman for the First Ward early in 18S'2. CHARLES (CARL) SCHROEDER. born in Mecklenbiu-g, Germany. February To, 1842, son of Frederick, who died in 1851: came to Wayne County, Mich., in 1859, where he labored on a farm for seven years; he was farm superintendent for Mr. AVilcox fom- years, after which he bought the farm and conducted it. He located in Clinton Town- ship in 1873, where he now owns 180 acres, on Section 29, well improved. Mr. S. married Miss Minnie Buckmau in 1866; of seven childi-en born to this luiion, five are living — William, Charles, Fred, Minnie and Bertha. Mrs. Schroeder died February 6, 1880. For his second wife, he married Miss Dorothea Siferliue, to whom one girl — Caroline — was born. The family belong to the German Lutheran Church. PROF. WESLEY SEARS, son of the late David Sears, of Monticello. Wis., was born in Knox, Waldo Co., Me., October 22, 1851. Prof. Sears moved with his parents to Green County, Wis., in 1854; thence to Hillsdale, Mich., in June, 1866: in August, 1870. the family returned to Wiscimsin, with the exception of Prof. Sears, who remained at Hillsdale College and graduated with the class of 1874; during the six years that he studied at this college, he taught school for three winter terms. After graduating, he took charge of the Eaton Rapids School, in the fall of 1874, remaining there until the fall of 1876, when he received the appointment of Principal of the Mt. Clemens Schools, a position which he has since held. Prof. Sears married Miss Nellie Law, December 29, 1880; this lady, the daughter of the late Rev. Hiram La>y, was formerly a teacher in the public schools of Eaton Rapids and Centerville, Mich. MRS. SARAH SHARBONEAU was born in Canada in 1832: came with her parents #* .4—^ to Marine City, Mich., in 1835, and to ML Clemens in 1844. She was married to Joseph Sharboneau in 18;i'2; they are the parents of three children — Edward, George and Charles B., all of whom are married. Mi-s. C. is the owner of the Star laundry, of Sit. Clemens, established by hor in 1881. THOMAS SIL^civLETON. owner of the Shackleton House, was born at Lowell, Mass., November 4. 1841: son of John Shackleton, of England, who came to the United States when a young man. The family moved to Danwich T^ownship, Elgin County, On- tario, in 1848, where Mr. S. was educated; since ISCt'I, he has alternately resided in ihe United States and Canada: in 187H, he came to Mt. Clemens and was engineer at the salt works for Snook. Bush & Moser; he returned to Canada, where he remained vmtil his set- tlement here in 1875: he built five houses in the city, together with the Shackleton House, built in 1881. Mr. S. is a painter by trade and also a licensed steamboat engineer; he married Miss Nancy Gilbert in Canada. July Ifi, 1874. EUGENE SHOOK, of the meroantilefirm of Law & Shook, was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., April 6, 1855. His father. Robert Shook, of Dutchess County, came to Michigan in 1856, and located at Mt. Clemens: here Mr. Shook was educated. After leaving school, he was book-keeper for George R. Law; from 1876 to 1880, he traveled through the Southern and Northwestern States. He was married, to Mary B. Williams, of Romeo, January 1, 1880, at Racine, Wis.: in February, 1882, he entered into part- nershiji with Mr. Law in the grocery trade. This business was established by Mr. Law in 1871. Now the amount of sales is e.stimated at 125,000 annually, with prospects of even greater advance. JACOB W. SHOOK, dealer in groceries, grain, feed and agricultural implements; was born in Dutchess County, N. Y., in February, 1840; son of Theron Shook, who came with his family to Mt. Clemens in 1848. Jacob W. resided on the farm until nineteen years old, when he visited Colorado and Montana au'l was engaged in mining for eight years. In 1867, he returned to Mt. Clemens and engaged in the grocery and feed busi- ness with L. N. Phillips, which partnership continued until 1878. That year Mr. Shook assumed sole control of the business and also engaged in the sale of agricultm-al imple- ments. This latter branch of his business is made a specialty in the summer seasons. He was married to Miss Mary C. Wilson, a native of Wayne County, N. Y., daughter of George Wilson, deceased. Mr. Shook has held the position of City Treasurer for the last three vears and is a member of the Masonic order. ROBERT SHOOK, born in Dutchess Coimty, N. Y,. Aiigust '24, 1848: son of the late Robert Shook, who came with his family to Mt. Clemens in 1854; was educated at Mt. Clemens. Here, in partner.ship with William E. Hall and Philii) Shook, he engaged in the hub and spoke manufacture. Sold his interest in 1874, and engaged in the lumber trade for one year; in 1875, he entered on the manufacture of furniture, and, in 1879. in partnership with W. B. Hiibbard, added the business :>i undertaker. Mr. Shook was mar- ried, October 6, 1868, to Miss Alice Roy, daughter of the late William Roy, of Mt. Clem- ens, to whom was born five childi-en, of whom Robert E., Letha Belle and Grace are liv- ing. Mr. Shook has been Trustee of the village from 1872 to 1874, and Treasurer in 1874. He is a member of the L O. O. F. THOMAS SMITH, son "of Thomas, was born in Staffordshire, England, Juue 18, 18lii; he came to Wayne County in 1848; then located in Huron, Ohio, in 1845. and re- tui-ned'to Wayne County in 1847; a y( ar later, he made his home in Ohio; in 1849. he located at Deti-oit. visited England in' 1858 and located in Clinton Township (m his retm-n in the fall oi the latter year. Mr. S. was married, in 1858, to Miss Ann Shenton; of her three children, Fr-ank S.. born August 18, 1859, survives. IVIrs. Smith died April 12. 1860. Mr. Smith married Miss Dorothea Franklin, January 8. 1861; to her six children ^^ 'J^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COINTV. were born, of whom Sidney, Clara J., Henry F., Alfred and Anna, are living. The home- stead farm comprises sixty-three acres. 'Mr. S. has held the oifices of Highway Commis sioner and School Director. JAMES H. SNOOK (younger brother of John B., celebrated builder, 12 Chambers street, New York), son of James and Mary (Sayer) Snook, was born in St. Bride's, Lon- don, England, November 13, ISIH; he came with his parents to New York in June, 1S17; removed with them to Cranberry (near Princeton), N. J., in 1881; joined the Presbyterian Church in ISS"); came with his parents and eight brothers and sisters to Mt. Clemens, in June, 183(1; here he assisted his father and William Beer to build and run the first steam saw-mill in Eastern Michigan. In June, 183U, he married Sarah Ann, eldest daughter of Samuel L. Axtell, of Mendham, Morris Co., N. J., soon returning to Mt. Clemens for a permanent home. In 1840, he took a mile and a half of the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal to build; the work required the employment of fi'om thirty-five to fifty men at once, and in those days it was generally believed that such work coidd not be done unless the men were furnished regular rations of whisky, but J. H. S. and wife were strict teetotalers, so she went to the " shanty " with him, and, by her superintending the board- ing-house and sanitary arrangements and his just and urbane treatment of the men, the "temperance job" became very popular with workmen, and none ever left it because whisky or whisky-drinkers were not employed. J. H, in \SV2, bought 400 acres of land in the west part of Clinton Township, and lived on it till his appointment as Postmaster in Mt. Clemens, 1S()8, which he held till his death, July S, 18S0; he was teacher in the Sabbath school and member of the choir in the Presbyterian Church, without a break, from July, 183(), till his last illness; also Ruling Elder and Deacon, from 1841. His character was noted for lu'banity, firmness and purity; his children .all joined his chui'ch before reaching majority; they were John J., born 1842, enlisted in the Twenty-second Volun- teer Infantry, l8r)2. married in lSl')6, farmer; Mary S. , born 1844, man'ied Dr. T. \V. Hitchcock, liiC)'), widowed in 1877; Rufus A., born in 1S4(), enlisted in the Twenty-second Volunteer Infantry, February 18()4, died May, 18()4; Kate S., born 1848, married J. W. Davis, 1872, widowed 1879; George H., 1852, married 1874, Postmaster and Elder in the Presbyterian Chm'ch in 1880, drowned April 27, 1881; Samuel, born IST)"), died Fel)- ruary, 1858; James E. , born 1801, still living in Mt. Clemens. GEORGE H. SNOOK (deceased), son of James and Sarah (Axtell) Snook, was born near Mt. Clemens April 20, 1852. He married Miss Nellie N. Slight, daughter of George Slight, now of Sterling Township, to whom were born two chikkeu — George J. and Mar- gery Ethel. This estimable citizen was drowned on Lake St. Clair, April 27, 1881, a full reference to which is made in the history of Mt. Clemens. THOMAS W. SNOOK, of the firm of Snook & Robinson, son of James and Mary Sayer Snook, of England, was born in New York City -4.pril 10, 1822; parents came to the United States in 1816; T. W. came with his parents to Michigan in 183(3; entered mer- cantile life at Mt. Clemens in May. 1849, which continued until April, 1870; married Miss Emily A. Hubbard, April K), 1844; the lady died in August, 1859; he married for his second wife Hairiet J. Rice, May 1, 18(31. Mr. S. has been President of the village for one year; Director of the School Board for six years; of the Presbyterian Church for thirty years; is now a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church and of the Masonic, Odd Fellows and Good Templars Societies. SILAS B. SPIER, son of Samuel Spier, of Columbia County, N. Y., who settled in Kalamazoo County, Mich., in 1860, and died there in 1875, was born in Ontario County, N. Y., January 8, 1854; came to Michigan with his parents in 1S60; attended the schools at Kalamazoo; passed one year at the Agricultural College of Lansing, and gi-aduated from Olivet College in 1876. He read law in Mr. A. L. Canfield's office, passed sifV HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. examination in open com-t aud was admitted to the bar. in May. 1S77. and entered at once upon th«? practice of his profession. Uis marriage with Miss Julia L. El dredge, daughter of Judge J. B. Eldredge. took place May 21, ISSO. HENRY H. STEEVENS was born in Clermont, Columbia Co., N. Y., on the banks of the Hudson. September 14, IS^fi: came with his parents to Michigan in 18H5, and was educated here: he, with W. J. Canfield. started the tirst Republican journal of Macomb County. Ml-. S. was married to Miss Eliza A. Miller, daughter of Milton Miller. January 1, 1N5S: they were the parents of five children, four of whom are living. HORACE STEEVENS (deceased), born at Sharon. Conn.. August 'I'd, 1/99; came to Macomb County in ISHI^, and made a settlement at Frederick, which he named after his brother. Frederick, of Detroit, and platted in 1835: he and his brother purchased the Frederick mills and in many other respects did much to develop the industrial resources of the county; live of his children are living. Judge S. died in March. 1S4U. A reference to the political and organic chapters of general history will point out Mr. S.'s services as Associate Judge of Macomb County. CHARLES TACKELS. Treasurer of Macomb County, was born at Romeo November 22, 1S27; son of Alex. Tackels, noticed iu the general history of the county, who died in 1861. IMr. T. left home at the age of eighteen, passed fifteen years lumbering, was a dealer in real estate, grain, etc.. for some years, until his election as County Treasurer in 1878; his re-election in 1880 was another evidence of popular esteem, as deserved as it was freely accorded. IVir. T. married Cynthia King, daughter of Alexis King, deceased, August 20. 1866; they are the parents of two children —Charles M., book-keeper in the First National Bank, "of Romeo, and Louise C. Since his election to the County Treas- urership. Mr. T. makes Mt. Clemens his home. HENRY TAYLOR, M. D., is a soq of the late Dr. Henry Taylor, who came from New York State to Oakland County in 1824, to Mt. Clemens in 1826, and a leading phy- sician here, as well as the senior practitioner in the State until his death, I>ecember 18, 1876. The present Dr. Taylor was born at Mt. Clemens February 14. 1882; was educated here, studied medicine under his father and graduated at Ann Arbor in the class of 1855; retm-ning to Mt. Clemens, he entered upon the practice of his profession, which he con- tinued up to the present time. Dr. Taylor, Sr.. was the first to have the mineral waters analyzed, and, in conjunction with his son. erected the first bathhouse at the springs. Dr. T. is a member of the N. E. Medical Association and also holds a membership in the State Medical Society. His marriage with Miss Marion A. Ferris took place in October, 1859; they are the parents of two children— Harry F. and Jesse M. Taylor. J. C. THOMSON, born in Toronto. Canada, in August. 185:i, came to the United States in 1869; was employed as Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue in Mississippi for several years: came to Detroit. Mich., in 1873; was employed as commercial traveler in boot and" shoe business to the present time; opened a clothing, boot and shoe store in Mt. Clemens in September, 1880; business successful, and now occupies two stores; is the son of William Thomson, of Barrie, Ontario; grandson of the late Col. E. W. Thomson, of Toronto. EMORY TRUFANT, d«ceased, grandson of Trufant, of La Fayette's French troops of the Revolution, and son of John Trufant, was born at Harvard, Mass.. in 1814. His father died in 1814, so. at the age of fifteen, Mr. Trufant had to enter on th- realities of life; in 1828, owned one-half interest in stage line, and drove from Harvard to Charleston, Mass.: sold stage line, bought interest in canal-boat on Erie Canal, and came to Mt. Clemens in US^S. He was one of the first white men who wintered on Lake Superior since the French explorers of early days. He passed a few years there as overseer of the copper mines. Of late years, he has dealt extensively in pine and farming lands, and, at the time ^ « r- ~^ a> 'V ,k of liis death, was President of the First National iiauk, Greenville, Mich. Mr. Trufant was married, July 2'i, 1847. to Miss Charlotte Gibbs, a native of Cattaraugus County, N. Y., daughter of Samuel Gibbs. deceased. They were the parents of three children — John R., Florence* J. and Alice M. He was a member of the Masonic and I. O. O. F. orders. His death took place April 'IH, 1874. JOHN R. TRUFANT. son of Eniury B. Trufant (deceased), was born in Clinton Township June (), 1848. He was educated in the common schools of the district; labored on the farm, and passed several wintei's in the lumber woods of Montcalm, where his father had a saw-mill at Trufant Village. John R. resides on the old homestead. Private Claim 188, where he owns a farm of 220 acres. He was married, in May, 1871, to Miss Annie &. MeChesney, daughter of Wallace McChesney. They were the parents of four children, of whom three are living — Arthur. Catherine and John. Mr. Trufant is a mem- ber of Masonic, I. O. O. F., Grauge and R. A. societies. He traveled through Dakota, Ne- braska, Minnesota and Manitoba in 1880. CAPT. ALBERT H. TUCKER, son of Henry Tucker, was born in Harrison Township November 18, 1889. His earlier years were passed on the farm; since 1858 or 1854, has been engaged in lake navigation. At the age of seventeen, he was Captain of the scow Presque Isle, and has held the position of Captain on various boats almost uuiuteiTuptedly since that time, being now in charge of the Ida. He has run between Mt. Clemens and Detroit for the last twelve seasons. Capt Tucker was married, November 24, 1878. to Miss Maggie Lacey, daughter of Michael Lacey. They were the parents of three chil- dren, two of whom are living — Arthur J. and Frank H. EDWARD J. TUCKER, son of John Tucker, was the first white male child born in the county of Macomb; was born in Harrison Township January 18, 18ir). Regarding the family, a full sketch is given in the pioneer chapter of the general history. Edward J. Tucker located in Mt. Clemens in 1888, where he engaged in the building business; was a merchant for six years, and established the lime manufacture in 184(), which is his present business. Mr. Tucker married Sarah B. Snooks, of New York City, September 24. 1840. He has been a member of the City Council; is a strong temijerance and anti- tobac(!0 man. and is numbered among the enterprising men of the city. He is descended on his mother's side of Frencdi ancestors, from Dr. Chapaton, a surgeon of the army of occupation, posted at Detroit, at the time of surrender to the British. GEORGE A. S. TUCKER, son of E. J. Tucker, was born on North (Jratiot street, Mt. Clemens, June 5. 1851; he is a carpenter and joiner. He was manned, May 15, 1878, to Miss Cari'ie C. Kellogg, daughter of Dor Kellogg, to whom were born two children, of whom Edward D. is living. ■JAMES G. TUCKER, attorney at law and Justice of the Peace, was born at Mt. Clemens November 80, 1855. His father. Rev. James G. Tucker, came to Mt. Clemens as cashier of the old Macomb County Bank. Mr. Tucker moved with his parents to New Orleans in 1800. where he resided until 1870. His mother died in that city in 1N07; father died there in 1871, one year after James G. and his sister, Miss Mary B., returned to Mt. Clemens. Here he conducted school for four years; passed some years in office of Probate Judge; was elected Township Superintendent of Schools in April, 187N; Justice of the Peace in 1879; was admitted to the bar in 1880, and, the same yeai-. was elected Clerk of Mt. Clemens City. His marriage with Miss Eliza B. Wood, a teacher in the city schools, took place September 9, 1881. CHARLES ULLRICH was born November 27, 188(>, in the village of Diemerode, in the kingdom of Hesse, and is the son of Jacob and Elizabeth Ullrich. He attended school in Eiu'ope until he was foui'teen years of age, at which time he left school and worked upon a farm until he arrived at the age of seventeen years, when he concluded to leave the Old HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. World and try his fortune in the New. He landed in the country comparatively without means, and a stranger to the people and their language. He came to Detroit, and at once went to earning his livelihood by working at the butcher's trade: worked there six months, and then removed to Chicago, remaining there about one year. The following year, he worked in St. Louis and New Orleans. At each of the last-named places, he carried on the business of butchering. He finally returned to Detroit, and, after a short time, came to Mt. Clemens, and, on the "idth of September, 1857, he entered into a copartnership with August Czizek, of Mt. Clemens, and opened a meat market. They conducted this business for two and one-half years, when Mr. Ulrich sold out his interest to his partner, and at once went into the live stock business, which trade he carried on for a number of years, and, during the war, he took many heavy contracts from the United States Government for furnishing horses for the cavalry. In many of these contracts, and in pine land spec- ulations, he was connected with the late J. B. Dickinson. He finally abandoned the live stock business and went into the real estate business, buying and selling farms and city property, which business he now devotes his time to. Mi-. Ullrich married Margaret S. Miller, daughter of John W. Miller, November "JT, ISriS, and now has three children^ William J., now in his twenty-second year; Reuben C, aged nineteen; and Frank P., aged sixteen. He was elected Alderman of the city of Mt. Clemens in the year ISSO, which position he held for two years. As a member of the City Council, he was one of the most active and efficient workers; served upon many of the most important and stand- ing committees, and was one of the most able and prominent members of the Special Building Committee, who had the matter of erecting the new court house in cliar.e. He has, by thrift and economy, amassed quite a large fortune; is the owner of some of the finest and choicest property in the city of Mt. Clemens. He is recognized as a man of remarkably good judgment and very quick perception, in this and adjoining counties, where he is well and favorably known. PAUL ULLRICH, a brotherof Charles, was born in Diemerode, Hesse, March 3, 1845. He attended school in Europe until he reached fourteen years of age, when he concluded he would follow his brother Charles to America, his entire family being opposed to the idea. He persisted, however, with the scheme, and finally started alone for America, which country he reached before he was fifteen years of age. He came to Mt. Clemens and attended the Union School for two terms, when he commenced working for his Iwother Charles, which employment he continued for eight years. When he was twenty -three years of age. he went into the dry goods trade with E. J. Olde. and. although he was young and unacquainted with the business when he commenced, it was not long before he had made a success of it. and he at once came to the front rank of the Mt. Clemens business men — a position which he has ever since held. The copartnershi)) with Olde lasted about five years, when it was dissolved, and John Kuhn became a partner. This firm continued to March I), ISS'j, when it was dissolved, Mr. Ullrich retiring. He was manned to Matilda Miller, daughter of John W. Miller, January 11, INTO. He has three living children — Paul Ullrich, eleven years of age; Marcus, three years old; and Leslie, one year of age. He lost his son Carl, who died Janiiary 2, 1880, being in his sixth year. Mr. Ullrich has never entered the political arena, l)ut has strictly attended to business, without any cessation. He is a Mlison, having taken the various degrees up to and including that of Knight Templar being a memlser of Romeo Commandery. Mr. Ullrich is a young man of untiring enei'gy. a remarkably good judge of values, quick to see a point and act at once upon his own judgment. He has made, by his own efforts, quite a fortune, and is, at the date of this vsriting, jireparing to open a banking office. Of both Charles and Paul Ullrich it may be said that they are living examples of what it is possible for the foreigner to attain in America. They both clearly demonstrate that it is not only possible for .iU 608 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. strangers to seek our shore, and, by their own single-handed exertions, lay u]) a goodly fortune of this world's goods, but that they may attain etninent and prominent stations in the business and social fabric of the country, thus storing up for their descendants the best possible of legacies. JOSEPH F. UPLECtER, member of the firin of Ullrich, Kuhu & Co., was bom in Parchow. Mecklenbiu'g, January M, 1.S47; eniigrated with his parents to the United States Ajiril ITi. LSn:!, arriving at Mt. 'Clemens July 1, IH.');!; settled on the farm of F. H. Wacker, one-half mile north of Haskius, now known as the Deuwith Flouring-Mills. on the North Branch of the Clinton River, three miles n irth of Mt. Clemens. Of this farm his father subsequently became the owner, and is living there at this writing: received his primary education in the district schools: entered the German school at Waldenburg, preparatory to contiriuation, in ISfiO: was appointed student of the Missouri Synod College at St. Louis: resigned the appointment and completed his education at the high school of Mt. Clemens: entered the mercantile pursuit in 18()2, with John Schott. at Waldenburg; went to Flint, in Michigan, in 1S()3, and accepted a position as time-keeper under Contractor Hilliker, of the Flint & Holly Railroad; entered into Government service in 18(54, in the Western Engineer and Construction Department: served in several capacities on the Mis- souri, Pacific & Leavenworth Railroad, and returned in 1867, but soon after entered the employ of D. C. Williams, general store: became a member of the firm of Upleger & Bol- ensen, successors to D. C. Williams, in 1871; closed out business in November, 187t:i; con- tinued his pursuit as salesman for Freedman Bros. , of Detroit, and Pulchero Zange, Mt. Clemens, uni-il l87(i, when he began his service with Paul Ulrich & Co., of which firm he was admitted a member in March, 188"2. He was married, January 8, 187!^, and has a family of two childi-en. GEORGE L. VOLKENING, born in Prussia, German Empire, January 15, 18:^1, came to New York City in 1847: to Newark, N. J., in 1848, where he worked at his trade as jeweler until 1850, when he came to Macomb County. He was engaged in farming in Macomb Township until 1870, when he moved to Mt. Clemens, where he now owns two stores, a residence on Gratiot street, the farm in Macomb Township, with several houses and lots scattered through the city. Mr. Volkening married Miss Christina Bleidorn, to whom were born three children — Charles, Mary and William. GEORGE B. VAN EPS, born in Madi.son County, N. Y.. October 1^0, 1S28, son of John Van Eps, of Kinderhook, came to Detroit with parents in 1SH4. There his father became very ill, sold his horses to Gov. Cass, and returned to Orleaus County, N. Y., same year, with his family. George B. learned the shoemaker's trade in New York; returned to Michigan in 1N44: located in Mt. Clemens; bought interest in tannery in 1845, and has been engaged here in the boot and shoe business since the fall of 1S44, being the (mly surviving firm of all doing business here in that year. He was married, August '2>i, 184'), to Maria A. Ashley, who died June "28, 1847; married for second wife Mai\v E. Robertson, March 17, 1849, who died July 4, 1851 : on August 2, 1852, married Miss M. A. Fitch, of Albion, N. Y. Mr. Van Eps is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, of the Masonic Lodge and Chaj)ter; has been President of the village and Aldei'man of the vil- lage: member of the Board of Education for the past eighteen years, and is the senior in- surance agent of the city, having represented several companies since 185U. Mr. Van Eps was a member of the well-known dry goods firm of Graden, Van Eps & Co., fi-om January 1, 18(i4, to January 1, 1873, and sold more goods in that time than were ever sold before in Mt. Clemens. The present firm of Van Eps & Co. is now actively engaged in manu- facturing aud dealing in boots and shoes, findings, leather, harness, etc. JOHN E. VAN EPS, of Van Eps & Co., son of John Van Eps, of Kinderhook, N. Y., i"a« born in Madison County, N. Y., January 15. 1S22: raised on the farm, and educated t\iL HISTORY OF MACOMB COrNTY. at Oak's Corners, N. Y. He learned the tannery business at Fort Byron. N. Y., nnder Rob- ert Little: settled at Geneva, N. Y., in 1S43: worked at trade there until ]S44. when he came to Mt. Clemens, where he has carried on the tannery business ever since. He mar- ried Ada I. Traver. a New York lady, in February, 1S47, to whom were born nine children, of whom six are living, namely: John F. . Arthur E. . Catherine A., Ada B. , Effie and Maud M. Alice M. died at the age of seventeen years. Mr. Van Eps has held positions on the Village Board and in the City Council, and has been Mayor of Mt. Clemens: is Jus- tice of the Peace, and member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. ARTHUR E. VAN EPS, son of John E. Van Eps, was born at Mt. Clemens March 5, 1S51. He was educated in the ".chools of the village; learned the tanner's trade at his father's works, and continues the manufacture of leather in the large brick tannery of Van Eps & Co. Mr. Van Eps was married, October '28, 18SI), to Miss Hattie M. Church, daughte)- of Haswell Church, an old settler of Macomb Township. BRUNO VAN LANDEGHEM, born in Belgium November 1 '2, ISIS, son of Jacob Van Landeghem, a native of Belgium, came to Mt. Clemens in 1S4S: operated the North Branch Flouring Mills for seven years; engaged in the gi-ain and poi'k business at Mt. Clemens in IST)!); next, in the manufacture of staves, in \S')9. which business he has continued down to the present time. He married Malanie Vanrenterghem in 1S50, to whom were born thii-teen children, of whom two are living — Bruno. Jr., and Frank. Mrs. Van Lan- deghem died in 1S7;1 One daughter, who married Joseph Winkler, died at the age of nineteen years. Mi-. Van Landeghem has been Alderman of the city for three years: is one of the best citizens of Mt. Clemens, and deservedly popular with all classes. BRUNO VAN LANDEGHEM. Jr., of the iirm of Van Landeghem & Son, was born at Mt. Clemens March (i. isru. He was educated at the University of Notre Dame, Ind. He became partner with his father in 1875, in the manufacture of staves, headings and lumber. He married Miss Annie Czizek in September. 1875; family belong to the Catholic Church. He is prominently connected with the industries of the city. EDGAR WEEKS, one of the pioneer lawyers of Macomb County, son of Aaron Weeks, an old settler of the county, was born at Mt. Clemens August 3, 1889. In 1854, he was obliged to leave school and seek a position in a printing office then established at New Baltimore. In 1855, he entered the office of the Lake Superior Journal, at Sault de St. Marie. In 1S57, he labored at Detroit in both the Tribune and Free Press offices, and, returning to Mt. Clemens in 1858, began the study of law in the office of Eldi'idge & Hub- bard. He was admitted as an attorney and counselor of the Macomb County bar in IStil, by Judge S. M. Green. During the previous year, he participated in the Lincoln cam- paign, and when hostilities began, he was among the tirst to share in the labor of organ- izing a militaiy company. A reference to the military chapter of the general history will be sufficient to show the part which this soldier took in the war for the Union. After his resignation on account of disability in IS(i4, he retmrned to his home and entered upon the practice of law. The same year, he established the Monitor, in company with W. T. Lee. He was elected Circuit Court Commissioner in 18B4. but, on account of the soldiers' vote being declared unconstitutional, he retired. In ISfjtt, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and re-elected in ISfiS. He was appointed Judge of Probate in 1875, vice Thomas L. Sackett, deceased. In the Congressional Convention of Mai-ch. 1S81, through forty-two ballots, he stood second to John T. Rich, who was finally nominated and elected. Mr. Weeks has taken a deep interest in educational matter.s, and remains to day one of the strongest supporters of the public schools of his native city. His record as a stanch Republican is fully sustained by twenty years of active labor with his party, while his professional record is marked by attention, integrity and ability. Mr. Weeks was Is ri^ married to Miss Mary S. Campbell, by Rev. William McCorkle, of the Duffield Presbyte- rian Churcli, Detroit. July '20, 1807. They are the parents of live children. JOHN T. \VELSS, son of Anthony Weiss, of Alsace, France, was born May :^0, 18:^1'; came to New York City May -M), 18.j"2; went thence to Upper Canada same year; to Noble County, Ind., in 1854; to Fort Wayne in 1855, where he cast his first vote. In 1857, he returned to Canada; settled in Huron County, Mich.; in 18()l), revisited France, where he passed one year; returned to his home in Huron County and remained there until 1867, when he located in Macomb. He was married, in 1807, to Mrs. Mary Clore, daughter of Jacob Pflimlein, a Roman Catholic. Mr. Weiss served as School Director for twelve years; Justice of the Peace, eight years; Drain Commissioner, three years; then Clerk two years, which position, with that of Notary Public, he now holds. MYRON WHITE, son of Elihu White, of Ontario County, N. Y., was born in Yates County, N. Y., February '1'2, 182:); came with parents to Chesterfield Township in 1888, and settled on .Section 0. At that time there were no roads; they had to clear a space on which to erect their dwelling. There were a few bears prowling around, and numerous packs of wolves. Mr. White attended school in the log cabin of the period. In 1889 or 1840, he left home, learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade. He came to Mt. Clemens in 1848; worked at his trade until 1848, when he purchased a stock of goods and opened a store at Vienna, now known as Mead Post Office. After eighteen months, he retiu'ned to Mt. Clemens, and in 1850 opened a grocery store there; subsequently connected a meat mai'ket with it, both of which he operated until 1859. He was engaged in the manufact- ure of headings and staves for twelve years. He built two stave-mills, the first in part- nership with Mr. Stiger, which was run until ISOIJ, and continued in partnership with T. W. Snook until 1872. He sold his interest to Mr. Snook in 1872, worked for the new purchaser one year, and since that time attends to his property. Mr. White was married, February 11, 1846, to Miss Elmira Gary, of Ontario County, N. Y'. They were the par- ents of three children, of whom Henry C. and Stephen are living; and Adelaide J., de- ceased. JOHN V. WIEGAMT. son of Eckart, was born in Hessen, Germany, February 8, 1828. He came to the United States in 1849, aod located at Detroit in July of that year. He labored at various employments; was blacksmith in the Michigan Central Railroad shops at Detroit for two year.s; came to Macomb in 1858, and, locating on Section 88, Clinton, made the first clearance in that district. His original entry he sold, and pur- chased land on Section 27. in 1855. where he now resides. He was married, in 1858, to Miss Eva Wenneg, to whom nine children were born — Olive. Henry. John. Louise, Min- nie, Mary and William. He filled the position of Highway Commissioner for eight years, and Township Treasurer and Collector for two years. He is a member of the W. A. S. of Mt. Clemens; family belong to Presbyterian Church. PHILO WIDRIG, Superintendent County Poor Farm, son of Michael G. Widrig, was born in Herkimer County. N. Y., March 28. 1821. Mr. Widrig was raised on a farm and educated in the common schools of his native county. In 1848, he traveled West. and located in Ray Township, where he farmed until 1865. when he moved to Macomb Township. He remained on a farm there three years, and then purchased 160 acres of timbered land in Clint(jn Township, which he converted into an excellent farm In March. IS70, he took charge of the County Poor Farm, and continues to manage the in- stitution well and eooaomically. Mr. Widrig was married, January 17, 1841. to Miss Sally Burt, to whom twelve children were born, seven of whom are living — Rozell. Sylves- ter. Mary J.. Philo. Harbow. Rose and Barlow. Philemon died in November, 1881, aged thirty-thi-ee years, leaving wife and one child. Rozell served in Twenty-second Infantry, and Sylvester in Company G, Eighth Michigan Cavalry, during the war for the Union: HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The latter was made prisoner at Cleveland, Tenn., and was an inmate of Libby and Belle Isle Prisons for eicfht months. Subsequently, lia was sick in the hospital of Patterson Park, Baltimore, whither his father went and took him home. JOHN H. WILKINSON, sou of Thomas J. Wilkinson, of Litchfield. Conn., was born in Cayuga County, N. Y., December 25, ISHSJ. His father was born January 14, 1790; served in the war of IS 1 2 ; came to Macomb Couuty in I S.5( ), where he resided until his death, April 11, IS79. John H. came here in I.S.IO, and worked at the mason's trade until August, ISni, when he enlisted in Company A, Ninth Michigan Infantry. He was discharged for disability in 18()2. He enlistel in the First Sliehigcan Cavalry in 18l)8-, commissioned Second Lieutenant July 21; discharged in Marc >, 1865. He man-ied Miss Sarah E. Wait June 2(), 1S59, to whom were born seven children — Hattie M., Philomelia, Ammitta, Sarah A., Samuel E., Katie J. and Nan. Mr. Wilkinson is a member of the Independent Order of Good Templars, and also of the .Vlt. Clemens Reform Club and Baptist Church. LOUIS Wolf, adopted son of Jacob F. Wolf, was born at Philadelphia. Penn. , Au- gust 10, 1849. His original name was Louis Fastnacht, but, on Jacob F. becoming his stepfather, the name Wolf was applied. He was married, June 4. 1879, to Miss Caroline Essig. They were the parents of one child, who died February 2f), 1882. The family reside on Section 8, Clinton, where Mr. Wolf owns a farm of eighty-three acres. The_y are members of the Lutheran Church. OEORGE WOOD, born in Yorkshire, England, February Id. 18 Ki, son of James Wood, of that shire, came to Macomb County in the fall of 1848 and located land on Sec- tions 4 and 5, Clinton Townshii). He was married, in November, 1845. to Miss Fannie Miller, daughter of the late James Miller, a Franco-Canadian, and a soldier of the war of 1812. They were the parents of eight children — Elizabeth (Wolvin). Mary (WaiTen). Fannie (Kohler). Eliza (Tucker), Sarah, .Jennie, Martha and James G. WILLIAM WOOD, born in Yorkshire, England, July 8. 1851, son of Samuel Wood, came with his parents to Mt. Clemens in 1852. In his early days, he labored on a farm. In 1874. he engaged in mauufactiu'ing tile with his father, which industry he still carries on successfully. He was married to Mrs. Letilia Cole, daughter of Sanford King, June 1, 1877. Both are members of the Baptist Church, of which Mr. Wood is Clerk. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. SAMITEL WOOD, son of James Wood, of Yorkshire, England, was born in Yorkshire November 14, 1820; came to Mt. Clemens in 1852, and has made the county his home since that time. He engaged in farming and stock-raising; was a brick manufacturer for six years, and now has a tile factory in connection with his farm. He was married, Feb ruary 18. 1845, to Miss Eliza Armitage, to whom six children were born, foui' of whom are living — Ann, William, Augusta and Matilda. He is the owner of seventy^eight acres of land within the city limits; has been a member of Mt. Clemens Baptist Chm-ch for over a quarter of a century, and a Deacon of that church for eight or nine years. "711 612 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. CHAPTER XXX. HOMEO. From that day in the fii'st year of the third decade of the Nineteenth C^entmy when the first settlements were made by American pioneers on the site of the present village of Romeo, progress has been made which eclipses even the brightest day dreams of the old residents. The locality has had every ad vantige: nature made it beautiful; the American pioneer made it useful. The former conferred upon the district a rich soil; the latter utilized it. transforming the virgin earth into well-cultivated fields and flowery gardens. The many changes which have marked the years of progress must exercise feelings of just pride in the hearts of the people. Few of the early occupiers live to realize the changes which have taken place; the greater number of old settlers do not regret the transformation; but there are yet living men and women who look back to the never- forgotten past and moiu'n the loss of those good old times when contentment waited on labor, and mourn the olden manners and customs which have been so effectually revolutionized by the modern- izers. The people of Romeo have from the earliest times paid much attention to educational matters. From the pioneer era to the 2:)resent time, the school has been the theme of gos- sip and inquiry. A love of education formed a leading characteristic of the people. It has always been fostered and cherished by them. It has been raised up from a very mod- est beginning to great heights, until now the establishments devoted to it, the high order of its teachers and the number of its votaries, render the name of Romeo synonymous with that of cultm-e. The varied forms of Christianity have steadily advanced. Churches have multiplied until their spires or minarets are visible from every quarter of the village. Their bells do not now bespeak intolerance or savage bigotry; they merely peal forth to remind the peo- ple of prayer, or perchance, summon a set of worshipers to meeting. The literary circles of the village have held a high place almost from the first years of settlement. The organizations of the present time boast of a high excellence and good government. They afford many instances of the dignity which attaches itself to cultivated nature in its highest form, and thus prepa;re the way, by precedent, for others to follow. The press of Romeo is ably conducted. The wi'iters of the Observer and Democrat have risen above flunkeyism. and deal justly by the civilization of our days. They oppose innovation, when such does not afford positive proof that greater results must follow. They stigmatize moral cowardice, and teach the truth that from the village Council room to the chambers of the National Government virtue should be doubly cherished, and vice subjected to rebuke and punishment. The streets of the village are laid out at right angles, graded, and )uany of them shaded by a double line of thrifty ti-ees. The neat, and. in many instances, elegant, resi- dences of the people spread out in all directions. A few of the churches are stately in appearance; all of them large, substantial buildings. The hotels and business houses are metropolitan in character, and it may be said of the entire village that, for cleanliness, freedom from rubbish and poor buildings, it will more thun compare with any similar center of population in the Union. ^■" HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. NAMING THE VILLAGE. In 1829, N. T. Taylor had reached Romeo. He had obtained that portion of the Hoxie fai'in lying east of Main street, and a comer lot west, from Asahel Bailey, upon which to place his store. Maj. Larned, of Detroit, had possession of the Hoxie tract west of Main street, and Asahel Bailey owned the balance of the corners. In the fall of 1829. conference was had between these several parties, which resulted in the employment of Col. Hoi lister, then County Surveyor, in the spring of 1830, to lay out a village. That was the basis of the present plat. Main and St. Clair streets were established as now, and lots four rods by eight in size, and appropriate streets and alleys, were designated, though not opened, in many instances, until many years later. ^\'hen the proper survey had been made and the place was pronounced a village, the great question was to tind a name for it. The conference was at Mr. Taylor's, and linally, when the gentlemen failed to suit themselves. Mrs. Laura Taylor ventured to suggest the name of Romeo, as being short, musical, classical and uncommon. The suggestion was acted upon — the name was adopted. ORGANIC. The act incorporating the village of Romeo was approved March 9, 1838. The bound- aries were Section 2 and the east half of Section 3. in the township of Washington, and the south half of Section 34 in the township of Bruce. On the first Monday of May fol- lowing, the electors assembled at the schoolhouse, when Dexter Mussey and Horace A. Jennison were appointed Judges, and Asa B. Ayres, Clerk of Election. Oel Rix was elected President; Dewitt C. AValker, Recorder; Linus S. Gilbert. Dexter Mussey, Aza- riah Prentiss, Denis Scranton, Wilkes L. Stuai't and Gad Chamberlain, Trustees. These officers took the oath of office May 12, 1838, and entered upon their duties by appointing a committee to draft rules for the government of the Village Board, etc., etc. The report of this committee was considered June 11. 1838, and a set of by-laws, comprising seven- teen articles, adopted. At the meeting held on the latter date, Amos Palmer and John W. Dyar were elected Assessors; Martin F. Southwell, Marshal; and Horace A. Jennison, Treasurer. The Assessors failed to qualify, so that, on September 18. they were re-elected. The tirst important resolution of the board is recorded under date September 29, 1838. It provided for raising a tax of one-half of 1 per cent upon real estate within the corporate limits, and to apply the sum accruing to the purchase of such land in the town of Bruce as might be required to render Main street 100 feet wide. This resolution was adopted. The second annual meeting was not held in May, 1839. as provided for in the act, but was held over until Se[)tember 16, 1839, when the freeholders met within the store of Nathan Dickenson & Co., under the Judges of Election, Dexter Mussey and Azariah Pren- tiss. The result of this election was as follows: President — Aaron B. Rawles, 27 votes; Nathan Dickenson, 4; Dexter Mussey, 4; Asahel Bailey, 2; D. C. Walker. 1; H. Van Atter, 1. Recorder — Dewitt C. Walker, 35 votes; A. B. Rawles, 1; Denis Scranton. 1; E. W. Giddings. 1; Dexter Mussey, 1. Trustees — Asa B. Ayres, 35 votes; Almerin Tinker, 33; Dexter Mussey, 32; William Hulsart, 31; Edward S. Snorer. 30; Waldo Barrows. 27; Jacob P. Smith, 14; A. B. Rawles, 6; Azariah Prentiss, 6: Asahel Bailey, 4; M. F. Southwell, 3; John W. Dyar, 3; Nathan Dickenson, 3; D. Scranton, 2; E. W. Giddings. 1; A. Pratt, 1; Nathan Palmer. 1; Oel Rix. 1; H. Vankluk, 1; A. Holman. 1. The officers elected annually since 1840 are referred to in the following pages: 1840— President, Minot T. Lane, 31 votes; Recorder, Algeron Tinker, 30 votes; Trustees. Ariel Prall, 32 votes; Amoa Palmer, 30; Hiram Hopkins. 29; Horace A. Jen- nison, 29; Jeremiah B. Ayres, 28; Aaron B. Rawles, 28. >Rr" 4^ HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The officers elected in 1840 held their positions until May, 1844. when Gideon Gates was chosen President; Henry W. AVilliams. Recorder; Edward S. Snover, John Maitland. William Hulsart, Dexter M^issey. Nathan Dickenson and James P. Whitney. Tnistees. H. W. Williams transcribed the old records in 1S44, shortly after his election as Re- corder of the village. A set of by-laws was adopted July 15, 1844, and for the first time since organization, the government of Romeo assumed regular form. Henry O Smith was Deputy Recorder, and E. NewbeiTy, Treasiu-er. 1849 — The election of 1849 resulted in the choice of Charles F. Mallary, President; Watson Loud, Recorder; Philo Tillson, George Chandler, Amos Palmer, Nathan Dicken- son, Joseph Ayres and Aaron B. Rawles, Trustees. Carlton B. Newberry was elected Treasurer; Henry O. Smith. Marshal: Edwin W. Giddings and Edward S. Snover, As- sessors. Newberry and Smith declined to accept offices, when Horace Bogart and Dexter Mussey were chosen to fill their respective positions. 1850 — Charles F. Mallary, President; Watson Loud, Recorder; Nathan Dickenson. George Chandler. Joseph Ayres, Aaron B. Rawles, Amos Palmer. Philo Tillson, Trustees; Horace Bogart, Treasurer; George Washer, Marshal. 1851 — Nathan Dickenson. President; Watson Loud, Recorder; Charles F. Mallary, Joseph Ayers. Heni-y Collins, John W. Dyar, Amos Palmer. Aaron B. Rawles. Trustees: Horace Bogart, Treasurer; William Hulsart. Marshal; Marvel Shaw and Edward S. Sno- ver. Assessors. 1852 — Gideon Gates, President; Luman Beebe, Recorder: Hem-y Collins, George P. Newbury, D. H. Buel, Jacob P. Smith. Edwin C. Owen, Denis Scranton, Trustees; Martin Buzzell, Treasurer; Luman Beebe, Marshal: George Chandler and Charles F. Mallary, Assessors; D. C. Walker, Attorney. 1853 — Officers re-elected. In 1854, the board appears to have been made up of the same men who were elected in 1852. The case was similar in 1855. 1856 — Edward S. Snover, President; Charles F, Mallary, Recorder; George Washer, Marshal; H. M. Case, H. A. Jennison, A. B. Rawles. Watson Loud, George Washer, Mar- tin Buzzell, Trustees; M. Buzzell, Treasurer; D. Mussey and John W. Dyar, Assessors. 1857 — Ed. S. Snover, President; Charles F. Mallary. Recorder; Horace A. Jennison, A. B. Rawles, Watson Loud, Martin Buzzell, George Washer. H. M. Case. Trustees; Mar- tin Buzzell. Treasurer; George Washer. Marshal. 1858 — Ed. S. Snovei'. President; A. B. Rawles. Recorder; Albert E. Leete. George H. Holman, A. M. Grover, George Washer, Alex. H. Shelp. C. L. Hoyt, Trvistees; An- di"ew M. Grover. Treasm-er: A. E. Leete and G. A. Holman. Assessors: George Washer, Marshal. 1S59 — Alljort H Leete, President: Charles F. Mallary, Recorder; Dexter Mussey. G. H. Holman, C. L. Hoyt. Elisha Calkins, A. B. Rawles, A. H. Shelj), Trustees; Charles L. Hoyt, Treasiu'er; George Washer, Marshal. INfiO — The same officers were re-elected with the exception of Dexter Mussey and C. L. Hoyt, whose jilaces were bestowed on A. M. Grover and L. C. Mclntyre. Mr. Holman was elected Treasurer. 1861 — Officers re-elected. 1862 — Levant C. Mclntyre, President; George B. Norton, Recorder; Sam H. Ewell, T. A. Smith. A. B. Bnell. S." W. Beller. Robert F. Selfridge. John McGill. REORGANIZED BOARD 1863 — Levant C. Mclntyre, President: Martin Buzzell. Clerk: Joseph Ayres, Assessor ; Ed S. Snover, Street Commis ioner; Henry Rawles, Marshal ; Caleb Nye. Treasurer: Will- i^ _® L> HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. iam Weyhlman, Pound Master: Sydney Eggleston. Fire Warden; T. A. Smith, Joel P. Mussey. Abijah Palmer, S. W. Belles.' C. B. Newbury, George B. Morton, Trustees. 1864 — Joel P. Muzzey. Pi-esident; Solomon O. CTiddings, Clerk: Joseph Ayres, As- sessor: C. F. Mallary, Treasurer: A. M. Grover, Street Commissioner: Henry Rawles, Marshal: S. Eggleston, Fire Warden; Cvrus Hopkins. Pound Master: Joseph Newman, T. A. Smith. G. B. Morton, Abijah Palmer. .•^. W. Belles. John McGill. Trustees. 1865— James Harvey, President; Joseph A. Holland. Clerk; T. A. Smith. Treasurer: Joseph Ayres, Assessor: Dan Buzzell, Street Commissioner; S. Eggleston, Fire Warden; John P. Smith. Pound Master: Elisha Calkins, S. H. Ewell, Alex H. Shelp, O. Nichols, John A. Ketchum. Worden Fennor, Trustees. ]86() — Moses A Giddings, President; Irving D. Hanscom. Clerk: Josei)h Ayres, As- sessor; C. F. Mallary, Treasui'er: John P. Smith, Marshal and Pound Master; W. S. Tur- ner, Street Commissioner: S. Eggleston, Fire Warden; Kandolph S. Bancroft, Aratus Smith, Ed C. Newbury, Robert F. Sel fridge, Aaron B. Rawles. William R. Owen, Trustees. 1867 — Aratus Smith, President; Edwin A. Teal. Clerk: C. F. Mallary, Treasurer; Isaac Crawford. James Harvey. Albert Kennedy. Abijah Palmer, George Washer, George D. Muzzev. Trustees. 1868"-William Wilkinson. President; E. A. Teal. Clerk; C. F. Mallary. Treasm-er; Amos Palmer. Edwin W. Giddings. Henry O. Smith, Elisha Calkins, Joel P. Muzzey. George Spice. Trustees. 1869 — William Wilkinson, President; Joseph Newman, Clerk; Abijah Palmer, Sam H. Ewell, James Boden, Charles Fillmore. Albert Kennedy, George Hartung, Trustees: C. F. .^lallary. Treasurer. 1870 — William Wilkinson. President: Joseph Newman. Clerk: C. F. Mallary. Treas- urer: John L. Benjamin. Milton Thompson. John H. Brabb. Noah W. Gray, James Bear- don. Charles Fillmore. Trustees. 1871 — David H. Rowley, President; Dwight N. Lowell, Clerk: Isaac J. Carpenter. Treasurer; Timothy Smith, .James E. Price, James Harvey, Trustees. 1872--David H. Rowley, President: Dwight N. Lowell, Clerk; Henry O. Smith. Treas- urer; James Gray, Albert Kennedy and John L. Stai-k weather. Trustees. 1873 — Irving D. Hanscom, President; Dwight N. Lowell. Clerk: Henry O. Smith. Treasurer; Timothy A. Smith. Da-\id H. Rowley and James E Price, Trustees. 1874 — Irving D. Hanscom, President: Dwight N. Lowell, Clerk; Henry O. Smith, Treasurer; Samuel H. Ewell, Philo Tillson and Nicholas Lazalier, Trustees. 1875 — Irving D. Hanscom, President; D. W. Lowell, Clerk; Henry O. Smith. Treas- xu'er; James Gray, Henry Rawles and Moses A. Giddings, Trustees. 1876 — Irving D. Hanscom. President: Dwight N. Lowell, Clerk: Henry O. Smith, Treasiu-er: Isaac Crawford, Amos W. I'almer, Erastus Day. Trustees. 1877 — Ii-ving D. Hanscom, President; Charles C. Bradley, Clerk; Samuel A. Reade. Treasurer: Ii-a F. Pratt. CTeorge G. Hartung. William Gray, Trustees. 1878 — Ii-ving D. Hanscom, President: Charles C. Bradley, Clerk; Samuel A. Reade. Treasurer: Thomas D, Coe, John D. Elliott and William S. Turner, Trustees. 1879 — Irving D. Hanscom, President: Charles N. Coe, Clerk: Samuel A. Reade, Treasurer; Edward S. Snover, "Albert Kennedy and Edwin Starkweather, Trustees. 1880 — Irving D. Hanscom, President; Charles N. Coe, Clerk; S. A. Reade, Treas- lu-er; Samuel H. Ewell, Thomas D. Coe, Byron J. Flummerfelt, Trastees. 1881 — Irving D. Hanscom, President; Charles C. Bradley, Clerk; Albert Kennedy, Edward C. Newbuiy, Edwin Starkweather, Trustees; Samuel A, Reade, Treasurer; Charles Fillmore, Marshal:' O. W. Hopkins, Street Commissioner; J. R. Moreland, Fire Warden; Charles Washington. Pound Master: Joseph Ayres. Assessor. ») X* ^- 1882-83 — Irving D. Hanscom, President; Charles Tillman, Street Commissioner ; Joseph Ayres, Assessor; Thomas R. Crawford, Marshal; S. A. Reade, Treasurer; Mort P. Owen. Fire Warden; Charles Washington, Pound Master; Samuel H. Ewell, James B. Harvey. Byron J. Flummerfelt, were elected Trustees. I. D. Hanscom was opposed by J. L. Starkweather, who failed to obtain a majority of votes. FIRST SETTLERS. It is said that a man by the name of Jeremiah Allen struck the tirst blow of any white man in Romeo. He came here alone in 1821, his family remaining near where Washington Village now stands. He put up a log house, biit, becoming sick of his enter- jM-ise, he sold his improvements to Asahel Bailey for $50, who then purchased the land of the Government. In January, 1822, Asahel Bailey and wife, Chauncey Bailey, his cousin, whose wife was a sister of A. Bailey, came to Romeo, and both families lived in the same house about two-years. In 1824, Chauncey Bailey settled on the farm where Nathan El- dred now lives. He soon sold his claim and took up land near Farrar's Mill, in Ai-mada Township, and was the tirst settler in that township. The Hoxie family came to Romeo eleven mouths after the Baileys. The first frame building was erected by the Hoxies. and was one of the many installments of what was afterward known as the Red Tavern, which stood near the sovith end of the block, where the First National Bank Building is now located. It has been said by many who are con- sidered worthy of credence that, soon after the war of 1812. Hoxie made his way into this wilderness and located on the Hamngton farm; next moved to Utica, then to Washing- ton, and next to the eighty upon which nearly the whole south half of Romeo now^ stands. He was formerly a lumberman upon the St. Lawrence River, which occupation he cast aside to indulge in that life which a home in the wilderness of Michigan oflered. The first military organization was that of the Territorial militia. Gen. John Stockton, of Mt. Clemens, was the ranking General of this whole division of the State. Old William Caufield was his efficient Aid. Col. John B. Hollister commanded the regiment mustered in Northern Macomb and the adjacent counties. The th-st grand military review in this county was held in 1880. It was called -'The Three-Days' Training. " The gayly attired officers and plumed j^rivates bivouacked in the Big Field. Tents were duly pitched, field orders came and went; there was no trouble in the camp, biit there was a deal of fun, which resulted in many a story of those nights, I'epeated in confidence for years afterward. The tirst frame building was the barn of old Mr. Finch, where many of the larger religious meetings were held for several years. The second was the first section of the old Red Tavern. Its frontage was sixteen feet, and it contained only two small rooms. This building was enlarged lo thirty-two feet, and later to thirty-two feet frontage, with an upper story, and an extensive piazza was added. The first landlord was Hiram Wil- cox, who afterward built the Wilcox Mill, near Tajishire, now Almont, Keeler, Vaughan and others succeeded Wilcox. The first sign-board was raised upon a hickory jwle. six inches in diameter and ten or twelve feet high, and stood nearly in front of the tavern, beside the old well. It was a single board, twelve <.>r fourteen inches wide, four feet long, and painted white; upon it in black were the glaring letters, "'INN." To what extent people were taken wt is not stated. The third frame building was the store of N. T. Taylor, on the corner west of Mr. Bailey's. It was afterward moved a little north, and was occuj)ied by Mr. Niles, with Henry Smith in charge, and. for a long time afterward, by Maitland and Howarth. Who of that olden time does not recall the name, ••Taylor's Store," jjainted on the south side of the building in large black capitals? lilnilMilr'^"'"- y ihL^ HI^STORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Next was built the frame residence of Mr. Taylor, diagonally across from his store. This house, still standing, was for a long time the residence of Elihu Newbury. Nathaniel T. Taylor was the first merchant in the place. He opened his store in the fall of 1829. His clerks were John Conklin, Alexis Winchell and John W. Day. Mar- tin Buzzell added the second in 1832, perhaps in 1831. The fii-st regular stage line to Detroit was established in 1830, by N. T. Taylor. The first millwrights were William A. Bm-t and John Allen, of the Foiu-th town. They built the saw-mill for Capt. Chamberlin (afterward Bancroft's) in 1827. Of the building of Webster's mill, on the Branch, there is no record. The first shoemaker was John Becraft, then living near the Leslies. The family lived later near the cemetery. He was succeeded by Azariah Prentiss, who early gave heed to the understandings of men. first by culturing heads; next, by covering feet. He was a man for extremes. The first village tailor was Daniel Buzzell, deferring later to Winans and Jacob Smith. The first tannery in the settlement was that of Squii-e Lamb, down in Washington. The tLrst distillery was built by Horatio Nye, in 1S2G. It was situated a half-mile west of the cemetery. Thither a man eonld carry a bushel of rye and liarter for a gallon of whisky. Happily, the institution took but feeble root and was short-lived. It disap- peared with the wolves and Indians. The fii-st cabinet-maker was Mr. Benjamin. His shop was at Bancroft's mill. He was succeeded by Williard Guild at an early day. Milling was done at Webster's and at Bancroft's, though the chief dependence for flour was upon the mills at Stony Creek and at Rochester. The fii'st of the village blacksmiths was Josiah Hamlin. Among the earliest of the carpenters was Daniel Day, the father of Colatinus Day. He came in 1827, with Capt. Chamberlin. raised some buildings for him, and then re- turned East. The next year he came West to live, and settled in Bruce. There Colati- nus Day died. The first wheelwright was Darius Ewell. His shop and home were where William Hulsart lived so many years. The fii'st cooper was George Perkins. Jacob Beekman purchased his shop and lot in later years, rebuilt the house and occupied it until the time of his sudden and lament- able death. The first temperance pledge was circulated by Deacon Rodgers in 1830. Those who not only abstained from rum. and whisky, and brandy, but discarded wine and beer also, had a T before their names. Tiie first Sabbath school was organized in 1830. N. T. Taylor had been to New York to buy goods. He brought a little library, the production of the Sunday School Union. The Sabbatli school was soon organized, and he was made the first Superintendent. Will- iard Guild succeeded him in that position. Singing schools were the pride of the settlement as early as 1828. Gideon Gates had a sweet falsetto voice ; it could compass any notes within mortal range, and such was its clearness as readily to be mistaken for that of a female. Asahel Bailey was a remarkably fine bass singer. Each was a ready reader of the old patent buckwheat notes. Mrs. Chamberlin and her daughters, Mrs. Hollister and Aunt Lucy Gates, were all good sing- ers. Mr. Abbott, too, was very fond of music. Many others, too, might be numbered with these, so that, when music was the order of the day, there was no lack in quantity and quality. Amos Hewitt, coming later, was one of the first to give thorough elemental instruction in music, and the singing in religious service was always creditable, 38 ^ a r ^^ e) \ " The first partial benefaction was the giving of his best corner lot by Asahel Bailey. This was intended for the piirposes of a church, and is the same as that on which the pres- ent Congregational Church stands. The consideration was a pew in the church for the use of himself or others, as he might think proper. The first village lot was sold by Asahel Bailey to N. T. Taylor for $\'2. On the same lot was the store of Newbury Bros, in 1882. Dr. Hollister, a former resident of Romeo, in his historical address entitled "The Beginnings of Romeo,'' says: You know with what interest and scrupulous care the citi- zens and historical societies of the old New England towns are alreadj" gathering up the minutest details which pertained to their oldest inhabitants; to the first plantings of their churches, their schools and their social institutions. Already they begin to summon home their absent sons and daughters to grand reunions, as their bi-centennial and semi-centen- nial come around. The time is not far distant when Romeo may celebrate her fiftieth birthday. All along since the time when oiu' clustering residences assumed the dignity of an incorporated village there have dwelt those among us who better than I can write the history of this dear old town. And were it not that its fii'st beginnings and oldest history might be lost, I should not presume to |)lace upon the records these memories, which span the period of forty years and more. Indeed, there still remain a few whose recollections may serve them better than mine have done, and who, if they would, covild better do this work. But they are not many, for nearly all of that old time have passed on before us to return no more. And lest these remaining neglect the task, I venture to refer to such events and persons as I think it would most interest the people of to-day and the futiu'e to know about. Yet how can I do all justice after these long years ? Some who should stand in the center and foregroimd of my picture may be. perhaps, unmen- tioued, because now, for the moment, forgotten, or else to me unknown. Neither time nor opportunity permit me to consult authorities and thus to verify my dates. Nor can I certify impressions by conference with old friends; hence, here and there, a name and date will doubtless need correction, as I must trust alone to. memory. The dusky sons of the forest were not uinnindful of the worth as well as beauty of the plateau upon which our village rests. The uplands of the ^^'est and the timbered forests of the East were wedded at our feet. There was a wealth of soil by the union, which neither alone possessed. Grand old forest trees here and there reared their great forms, indicative of the fertile plains, and here and there were beautiful prairie spots, where little toil removed the slender shnibs, and gave to the Indian his coveted field for corn. Along our western slopes the antlered stag led the timid doe by night to graze upon the first green foliage in the early spring-time, seeking again the tangled dells and groves just east of you for more secure retreat as the day di-ew on. His ways were beaien paths, and hither the hunter was liu'ed by reason of abundant game, and here beside their pathway he pitched his tent and made his winter home. Here, too, along our eastern border was that grand belt of lofty maples. Their wealth of swtets gave pleasing answer to his toils and hu-ed him hither till the bxtrsting l)nds told that the siigar days were passed. Then came the planting-time, and all along on either side of the beautiful ridge upon which oiu' Main street runs, the Indian corn-hills were visible for a long time after the white man's invasion — in fact, until his plowsh;u'e uptiu'ued and laid most of them in the cultured earth. Like the white man, the Indian, too, had faith that harvest should be born of plantings, and so with patient toil each year he piled afresh those little mounds of earth, and in the summit of each mound dropped the corn-seeds, counting the days of sunshine!, of early and later rains, till, returning from the summer's hunting, he should gather for his winter's store the ripening ears. The planting season past and summer drawing on, the Indians were wont to strike 1 ^y^ — ^ -^ — "i^, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 019 their t nts. gather upon their patient burden-bearing wives and ponies the wealth of their encampments and phmge deeper into the forests, in quest of more abiindaat game, or along the banks of streams and shores of lakes, to add their treasures to their slender store. Thus wending their way by old frequented trails, to cherished haunts they made their annual rounds. Happy the years when no wampum belt was sent from lodge to lodge to summon the warriors to council, and from council, perhaps, to bloody battles. Happy the years when only friendly greetings were in store and pipes of peace were smoked in formal round; when as the annual greeting of the bands came round, for days, whole tribes were joined in gladsome, festive and religious rites. Those joyous meetings and those gi-eetings passed, hither these wanderers came, for now the corn harvests were at hand, and now the home thanksgiving feasts began. The Indian's Maniton, like ours, was worshiped for the harvest gifts. The younger pitch their lodges beside their fathers" or the elder brothers' tents. Feasting, dancing, joyous sports and sacred rites found each a place, and this one feature marked it best of all. The fortunate and famished were alike fed. While the feast lasted, whosoever would might eat his till. The richest ones could do no more, and thus for once each had enough and more. Come back, then, ye lovers of good thanksgiving dinners, learn from these forest sons that it is not enough that your tables groan beneath their weight of tempting viands. l)ut that for one day in the year, at least, whenever the good old customs shall prevail, there shall be such sending of portions to the poor that hunger for the time shall be unknown. Hither again the Chippewas were accustomed to return from their summer wander- ings, and, on the veiy spot where Romeo stands, tradition tells of many a winter home; curling among the branches of stately trees, since destroyed, the smoke from hundreds of camp-fires was lost in the blue above; so that, when lirst the white man looked in iipon the great scene, h.' gave it the name which our first post office bore — the name of Indian Village. The peace of 181(5 had been secixred. The plottings of the brilliant aad brave Pon- tiac had failed. The disgrace of Hull and the surrender of Detroit had been atoned for by the victory of Tippecanoe and the fall of Tecumseh. The batteaux of the voyagenrs were giving place to the sailing vessels on the lakes; the first of the steamers had cut the crystal waters of the Hxu'on, and the old pioneer steamboat, Walk-in-the Water, was ply- ing its regular trips away to the far Northwest — away to Mackinac. I have now in my possession one of her shijtping receipts, dated August, 1S20, in which is jn-omised the safe delivery of 480 bales of furs and pelts to parties at Black Rock (for Buffalo had not then the precedence), on account of the American Fur Company, the providence of God and the danger of the sea excepted, and not impeding. The commerce of the lakes was multiplying every year. Detroit and Mackinaw were wakening with new life and vigor. Around the latter grouped a swarm of adventm-ous travelers and traders. From the for- mer spread Westward trains of eai"nest workers, who, settling with their families, counted the cost and set themselves to the task of replacing the forests with fruitftil fields. A\'ith this tide of travel came iacreased facilities for their transit. The Walk-in the- Water was no longer the only Erie gteamer, but the old Superior, the old United States, the Con- stitution and others with them were soon busy in the canying trade of the Western immi- gration. Slowly the t de.was turned northward also. Resting places for worn and hungry pioneers, often rude huts, dignified with the name of tavei-n. marked the site where Royal Oak naw stands, were scattered along the old Paint Creek road or along the trail from Piety Hill (Birmingham) on to Pontiac, Flint and Saginaw. As earlyas 1820, the towns of Troy, Pontiac, Rochester, Stony Creek were sparsely settled and were the nuclei of a very limited trade, furnishing to the incoming peo])le the all-important items of fiomnng-mills. :f^ " \^ — ^ .1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Far older thau any of those was the French settlement at Mount Clemens. It had the impress of an old Fi'ench town, boasting much of age, but giving very indifferent evi- dence of thrift or enterprise. By position, as well as age, it should have been the life and soul of our county; but, despite the efforts of a few, she patiently enjoyed the prog- ress suited to her French progenitors; while wealth and enterprise were turned to other points and she was fossilized. The most important events connected with our early history, previous to our christen- ing, center in the years 1824 to 1881, both inclusive. It was dm'ing this period that habi- tations came to be within hailing distances, and the region round about to assume the ap- pearance of a sparsely settled neighborhood. During this time, many of those families settled here, which contributed largely to the character our village was destined to assume. During this period, oiu- first school was established, our first churches were planted, our first mechanics came to supply the various public wants and society generally to take on its lu'st rude forms of organization. Not more to the Romans were Romulus and Remus than were those pioneer families to us. THE OLD INHABIT.A.NTS. Dr. Hollister states, that the pioneer of this settlement was old Mr. Hoxie, who died in 1827, and was buried beside the road in the Big Field, on the way to Capt. Sterling's. The traces of his grave have long since been oBliterated. His son. Job Hoxie, remined on the homestead but a short time and then settled near Utica in the south part of the county. Not pleasm-able, but quite probable, are the stories of this man's bloody adventm'es in his earlier years, and this then remote retreat was to him a welcome home, to share which, he deemed a dire calamity, a clear invasion of his rights. Not a few were the marvels recited of this old man, and to us who gazed upon his featm-es in life, there never was a wish by one of us that he should re-appear, especially when we were passing by his resting place after night. Hoxie must have settled here sometime between 1818 and 1822. Two young men visited him here in 1823. They were Samuel Chamberliu, of Lima, N. Y. , and Edward Brew- ster, of Riga, N. Y. They came West by waj' of the lakes, landed at Detroit, came to Mount Clemens, procured ponies and came on to Hoxie's, retiirning to Detroit through the present town of Troy. When Farmer issued his sectional map of Michigan, in 1828, he marked the present site of Romeo as Hoxie's Settlement, but the postoffice.'established in 1826, bore the name of Indian Village. It is understood distinctly that Asahel Bailey was the pioneer. Gideon Gates, who had formerly served in the postoffice depai'tment at Washington, was appointed the first Postmaster, with Jonas Cutler, the mail carrier, between this point and Mount Clemens. In the year 1823, or earlier, Asahel Bailey located his farm, which is now a large part of our village. As section lines would have it, the village corners should have been upon the hills west of us; but the ridge afforded such a natural highway that the estab- lished road was made to follow the old Indian trail, and so the corners were estffljlished near the middle of his eighty, which, lying north of St. Clair street, was afterward in- cluded in the town of Bruce, so that two of the ioiiv village corners in the olden time be- longed to him. If I should call the roll of early settlers, few would now give answer, bvit as I remem- ber them located, say in 1827, their names would appear by families something as follows: The Hoxie family disappeared in 1827, and. therefore, can hardly be counted in. Asahel Bailey had settled on the Corners on the same spot he occupied so many yeai-s. ^ « r~ 'A Albert Fincla had locate;! his eighty, I thiak. as early as 1823. and had erected the first frame barn on the site, occupied for a long time afterward by Samuel Ewell. Part of his family were grown and married. Ezra, the oldest, had married Miss Becraft; John married Miss Hopkins; Martha married Burchard Throop, and lived down in the Foiu-th Town. The younger sons were George, Alpheus, Addison and Alanson, the little boy who was lost. Squire Gates had located his farm — the same he occupied for many years. His wife was a Miss Biinn. and here were born to them Jane, Wilbiu-. Martha. John, Lucy. Ann, Hubert and Barton. Capt. Gad Chamberlin had this year (1827) arrived at the head of a large family, which, with accompanying neighbors and friends, formed a colony of some sixty souls. He bought out Ebenezer Kittredge and settled on the farm next north of Asahel Bailey. His oldest daughter was the wife of Col. John B. Hollister, who was one of the younger and moving spirits in the settlement till his death, in 1831. A son, Ste])hen Piatt Cham- berlin. was married to a Miss Parkhm-st. and they numbered one of the colony founders. Addison Chamberlin married Miss Leach, and they formed another of the group. The younger children of Capt. Chamberlin were Electa, afterward Mrs. Snow, Julia, who married Rev. Luther Shaw; the brothers, Harvey, Joseph, Nelson and Jaines. are names all familiar to the old settlers. Erastus Day, with his family, came West in company with Cajtt. Chamberlin. Mr. Day located just east of the Leslie farm. His sons were Ei-astus, Russell, John, Daniel, Levi and an only daughter, Lucinda. The Leslies" located where they lived and died. The father's name was James. The sons were James and Benjamin, and the daughter. Roxanua. The latter married James Starkweather and subsequently lived on her husband's farm over west. This was the first marriage in the settlement. Another newly-married couple at that date was Freedom Monroe and Miss Mary Cooper, who worked in the family of Capt. Chamberlin. Monroe located at that time on the fai'm where he has since lived. Next north of him lived Suel Hovey. His sons were George and Albert; his daugh- ter's name. Betsey. They occupy the old homestead yet. On the road south of James Starkweather, and a mile "west of" Romeo, lived Horatio Nye. His children were Eliza, Ann, George and several younger out's. On the hill opposite "the cemetery lived Roswell Webster. His wife was a Goodwin. His children were ChaiJes, Cyrenus. Wheeler, Lucius, Marietta and Emily. William Abbott lived one'-half mile west of the Corners. His first v/ife was Miss Bur- bank. His children by this wife were Franklin, Norman. Isaac, Jane, Elizabeth and Maiy. , "Dr. Richards, the first physician, located east of Abbott. His children were Mary Jane, Guy and others whose names I cannot recall. East of these were the families of Thompson. Bennett, Radway, Reuben R. Smith. Benjamin and John Proctor and Noah Webster, who built in that direction the first saw-mill, and subsequently, the first tlouring- mill. Mrs. ^V'ebster was afterward married to Dr Gray, who improved that property and there amassed a fortune. South of the Corners, there we.'-e no houses until you came to Mi'. Foot's. He parted with his farm to Azai-iah Sterling about 1830, when his family removed to Troy. He had several children, the oldest of whom was Jane. Capt. Sterling came later to occupy this place. His wife was a Miss Leah, elder sister of Mrs. Addison Chamberlin. Mr. Sterling was fi-om a large and influeutiai family in Lima, Livingston Co.. N. Y. His children were Julia, Charlotte. Caroline. Esther, Lydia, Hai-riet and one son. r HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Gurdon Hovey, who died in 1870, lived west of Mr. Sterling's. His childi-en were Samuel, Augustus, Emeline and Alouzo. South of this lived Alexander Tackels, formerly of Cayuga County, N. Y., and of \whom, in connection with old John Soules, who lives over west, I have a story to tell .when I get time. Beyond these were other denizens of the Fourth Town, among whom were the Prices, Myers, Duciugs, John Holland, Squire Andinis, Dr. Cooley, Elder War- ren, Judge Thurston, and, over west, the Thorntons. Soules, and, a little later. Marvel Shaw, with others, whose names, perhaps, I ought to insert with the above. On the hill west of Squire Gates', Deacon Rogers lived. His wife was a Taft. They were fi'om Lima, N. Y. Their children were Charles, Audi-ew, William, Roxford and JVIary Jane. North and west of Indian Village lived at this time James and Samuel De Nean, and, a little later, the Bristols, the Hinx families, Renif, Eldei-kin, George Throoj), Mark Win- chell, Bancroft, the Trembles, or Trombleys (a French family who built a saw-mill), Ben- jamin, Hopkins families, Rufus Hall and others. By the year 1831, so numerous had been the additions that time nor space will per- mit me more tlian to name the families. Now Judge Prentiss had arrived, N. T. Taylor and others laid out Romeo, and he was active in merchandise. The Buzzells were here, Daniel was knight of the sheai's, and Martin was getting his store ready and paying at- tentions to Miss Clarissa Winchell, the sister of Mrs. N. T. Taylor. Now John Taylor was opening up his farm. Possibly this was in 183'2. The Scotch settlement was being made, as the Wileys, Grays. Crawfords and other Scotch families settled in the northern part of the Fifth Town, now Bruce. About this time came to this vicinity, besides Rev. John Taylor and his son. the Parmelees, Collins, Bishops, Thurstons. Donaldsons, Ira Phillips, the mighty hunter; Bushuell, who kept the Three-Mile House; Luke Fisher, Porter, Rufus Prentiss, the Staudish family, Daniel and CoUatinus Day, and, on the branch, were located M. T. Lane, Asa Holman, Charles Farrar, Willard Guild and fami- lies, and, beyond them, the Aldrich settlement. Now, too, the volume of village population was rapidly augmented. Dr. Cyrus Baldwin and family and many others came. The arrival of Lyman W. and Lems S. Gil- bert was a matter of moment. If I should span on to or beyond 1886, with the coming of Rix and Kidder, Dexter and Joel Mussey, Nathan Dickenson and before them of Major Aaron B. Rawles, John W. Dyar, D. C. Walker, Calvin G. Shaw, Asa B. and Jerry Ayers, Beckman, Dr. Sabin and brother. Dr. Whitney, the Southwells, the Ewells, the Palmers, Scranton, the Skillmans, Jacob Smith, there would still be left such a multitude that no man could number them. I go back, then, to 18'2y. Roads were being opened and improved; sunshine and showers gladdened many a little household, and fruitful farms were just coming to the light. Men aspired to the ownership of horses as well as farms, and women not only to tidy homes, but to many a cherished little keepsake of boughten goods. People multiplied on every hand. Society was fast taking on its permanent forms of organization, modern improvements were being introduced, the Indians were fast disap})earing. It was the Indian Village no longer. What should the new name be l" COKnECTIONS .\NI) ADDITIONS. Before passing awiiy from the first part of this review, it is well to notice that Dr. Hollister omitted a few important items in his brilliant paper, which are given or amend- ed in the following: Among the families missed, who were living here previous to 1883, there were living half a mile south Nelson Lowell and his wife, and, a little farther west and north, Ste- 3P1 V ^^t, i^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. phen Goetchius, a widower, and his sons, William, Henry D. , Irving, James, Thomas and his daughters, Mrs. Race, Mrs. Taylor and a young girl. Phoebe. On the east and northeast were the families of Col. Perry, Mr. Hamblin, Albert Ed- gett. Job Howell and Iddo ^^'arner. Roswell Webster had three daughters not mentioned — Mrs. Sylvester Finch, Mrs. Jonas Cutler and Mrs. Henry Vancleet; in the Leslie family Mrs. Burt and Mrs. Alverson, in Suell Hovey's family, Chaimcey, Perry and Susan; in Gurdon Hovej^'s family, Hiram, the oldest, who died in Texas, and the Widow Scott. In the Finch family, Sylvester. Hoxie was not buried in what has been known as the '■ Big Field." on the west side of the road, but on the east side of the road, very near where Stephen Bailey's house now stands; and the family disappeared from the place in 1829 instead of 1827. The first physician was not Dr. Richards, but a Dr. Green, who lived near the dwell- ing-house now owned by John McGill, in the northeast part of the village. Rumor at this late day gives him the name of hurrying two of the early settlers over the silent rivei'. The two persons were Mr. Healy and Mi\ Webster. Mr. Healy was the first white man that died in this vicinity. He was bui'ied a little over one mile south of Romeo, on a knoll, on the west side of the road, on Benjamin's farm. THE FIRST POST OFFICE. The nrst post office was named Indian Village, up to 1820, although letters addi-essed to Hoxie's settlement were just as sure of their destination. The first Postmaster was Gid- eon Gates. For many years, he distributed the mail at his house, a half mile north from the Corners, He usually wore, except in midsummer, a large bell-crowned hat, and wrap])ed in a red bandana handkerchief, in that hat he was wont to can-y imdistributed letters belonging to the settlement. If by chance you met the Squire, you came upon the post office too. and he had only to summon his memory, or perchance tiu-n the parcel to determine who had letters and who had not. Of coiu'se, he was a man much sought after, and, fortunately, he was easy to find. A s])ecial event was the ai rival of the weekly mail. The old red chest, ujxjn which the contents of the pouch were cast was often sur- rounded theu, as such a one might be now, with palpitating hearts, waiting to be glad or sad, as something or nothing was in store for them. There were lovers then as now, and. to them as these, the mails were slow coaches. There were politicians, too, j>anting for the latest news — all alive to learn whether Adams ur Jackson was the victor. And then there were those lonely hearts who had left the dear old homes far away to the eastward, who never ceased to dwell upon the memories of their childhood and to think of dear ones left behind. At eventide in more than one little hamlet, when tlie tinkling of the cow-liell and the song of the whip-poor-will were just beside the door, and the ci-icket sang his hearth song, dew-di-oj)s were falling outside and tear-th'ops within. Usually a visit afterward to the old homestead was a panacea for all these ills, and most returned from the Eastern visit weaned from the old home and ever after hapjiy in the new. Letters in such days as these, how precious they were; read and reread; worn out by reading; worn into the memory. Letters then were of joyful import, and then, as now, letters breathing saddest soitows, telling them as ouly stricken hearts can sometimes write when griefs are too gi-eat for other utterance. Then as now these were anxiously sought after, and that bell-crowned hat was a central idea to more hearts than one. The names of the Postmasters since Gates' time have been: Philoman Cook, Orin Southwell, Azariah Prentis-s, 18-14; Charles F. Mallary, 1846; A. E. Leete, 1849; George Chandler, Philo Tilson, D. Green, William Hulsart, Henry Howgate, William Wilkinson, Milton Thompson and James Gray. -^ ^"^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. PIONEER PHYSICIANS. The pioneer among them was Dr. Cooley — a man of fine form, good mind, well in- formed, and, withal, a little eccentric in his habits. He resided until his death in the south part of Washington. His home was here as early as 1826; perhaps earlier. His services were in requisition for long distances in all this region of country; few names were better known here. The Doctor was specially fond of the study of botany, and his herbarium was one of the most extensive and best classified that ever was gathered in the Territory of Michigan. His eccentricities of dress, his flowing unshorn ciu'ls, luxuriant and beautiful as a woman's, gave partial evidence. He was a good physician and rendered invaluable service to the early settlers. He died where he so long lived, widely known and much respected. Dr. Carpenter came in 1828. He boai'ded for a time in the house of Capt. Chamber- lin. A little later, he maiTied Miss Freeman, a sister of Asahel Bailey. He built a neat little residence on the west side of Main street, a little north of N. T. Taylor's store, and engaged in the general practice of medicine. He succeeded well, but removed from the village at an eai'ly day. An exploit of his adventurous rooster used to be well told. The Doctor was accustomed to prepare his own medicines. He placed a lot on aboard outside the door to diy. At length he heard a gentle tapping. Was it a child? Was it some timid patient who sought his aid with only half resolve? The Doctor went forth to see, when, to his hon'or, he found the rooster just in the act of eating the last pill, and walk- ing proudly away. It was indeed a fowl proceeding; but the incensed doctor could only wish their full efl'ect upon the thievish bird. The rooster lived long, esteemed it a good joke and only crew the louder. And, after all it gained a credit for the Doctor as being a safe j^rescriber. It surely might be safe to take the medicine which could not kill a chicken. Dr. Cyrus Baldwin came in 1830, bringing his family with him, and dwelt here for many years. Baldwin was advanced in years, but was a man of sterling value and an ardent supporter of all that was for the jiublic good. After several years of successful [iractiee. he removed to Grand Blanc, and there died at a very advanced age. Dr. AVebster, son-in-law of Baldwin, located at Utica in 1830. There he became ill, was brought to Romeo, and died after a short time. He was a young man of rare 2:)ro- fessional attainment, and, had he lived, would be widely known and prized. He died the first year after his arrival, and was buried in the village grounds, near Mi\ Finch's house. Drs. Sabin, Whitney, Powers. Andr'.nvs and Teed were among the old settlers of Borneo : others may be mentioned in this work, but the men just named form the rank and file of the pioneer doctors of Romeo. REMINISCENCES OF EARLY TIMES. The occurrence of religious worship was a stated means of friendly meeting, so that most of the settlers were in the habit of attending, although they were not all professors of religion. To enjoy such meetings many came long distances. Nor were they so deli- cate nor so daintily dressed that a threatening cloud kept them at home. Perhaps it was on funeral occasions that social sympathy found most conspicuous expression. Few of the settlers were absent at such times. There was no officiating sexton, no pall, no hearse then. The people met at the house of the bereaved, then formed in double file and slowly wended their way to the schoolhouse, where services were held. In procession, the able- l)odied men went first as bearers, and, by successive changes, carried on their shoulders the rude bier on which rested the coffin. The services over, the processionists resumed their march, and. with silent tread, proceeded to the open grave. Here thanks were given :fv^ HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. to the attendants by the clergy in behalf of mourning friends. Then followed timely ad- monition and the fervent prayer, the tilling of the grave by the same strong hands, then the benediction and then the wending of ways to the sad homes of those who mourned and of those who most sincerely sympathized. The biu'ial of the tirst Mrs. Abbott was such a scene. She was a woman of talent and culture, the sister of Deacon Burbank, of Rochester. She had lived here but a little while; yet her death was a sad loss, not only to her young family, but also to the whole settlement. The funeral of Clarissa Williams, an orphan girl of eighteen summers, was another of those old-time meetings. This girl lived with the Finch family. She fell upon the ice and injui-ed her head, which resulted in her death. Elder Warren presided over the funeral services. The death and burial of old Mr. Finch and the decease of his wife immediately after caused deep mourning. The death of Dr. ^^'ebster and that of the second wife of William Abbott drew forth demonstrations of sympathy which can never be forgotten by the participants. Again the death of N. T. Taylor's child, and her burial in the garden close by the Taylor dwelling, were events which excited the sympathies of those warm-hearted early residents. After the body was placed in the coSin, a white dove flew into the house and alighted on the coHin. The sudden death of Col. Hollister and the accidental killing of Jacob Beekman, formed subjeet-i for most impresssve demonstrations of sympathy and sorrow. LEISURE HOURS. About 1832, the settlement was all astir by the arrival of the lirst menagerie. The canvas was about fifty feet in diameter and had no awning. The animals comprised an elephant, a young lion, a camel, a few guinea pigs, some Shetland ponies and a monkey. This was a great show indeed! The orchestra comprised a fiddle, a bag-pipe and a clar- ionet. The occasion was so important that one of the most respected citizens — Martin Buzzell — was asked to play the last-named instrument. The three days" training farce was another periodical amusement. The boys con- tinued to meet until they laughed themselves to death, and so their meetings ceased. The old ^Miigs of the settlement were commanded by Gideon Gates, Capt. Chamberliu and N. T. Taylor. The powerful Jackson Democrats were often marshaled under Col. Hollis- ter and Gen. John Stockton. A FEW WELL-REMEMBERED SETTLERS. Jonas Renter, who owned the lot now owned by Earl Hamlin, was killed in I82r) by a limb falling upon him in the woods. As he was in the habit of spending his Sabljath away from his boarding-house, no search was made for him until Monday, when he was found beneath the limb. To all appearances, he was killed instantly by the branch falling from the tree he was chopping. Julius Millard carried the first mail to and from Detroit by way of Stony Creek. David Froat carried the mailfrom Romeo to St. Clair; made the trip down and back in a day. One Cutler afterward performed the same feat. In 1822, one Jennings lived in a little hut near where the Sterling House now stands. His pretended wife was a squaw, and his time was devoted to inflation of ciuTency, and so proficient was he in the business that his money passed at par at the land office. He soon passed to other regions and his departiu-e was not regretted. This Jennings is re- ferred to in the Bailey reminiscences. He was blacksmith, trap-maker, bee-hunter, gun- smith. He caught the first bear in Washington Township, in a tamarack swamp on '-i^ Marcus Nye's land. It appears that Junnings just found a swarm of bees out in the swamp in an old hollow tamarack tree near the ground. At the same time, a bear found the swarm and carried it off before the hunter could appropriate it. Jennings contented him- self with setting a ti-ap that night, which resulted in trapping the bear on the following day. Old Uncle Wilson, a lone, taeitiu-n. well-read, intelligent Scotchman, settled in Wash- ington in 1824. He a[)[)eared to be an exile on account of religious or political intoler- ance in his own land, but never offered a word of ex]3lanation regarding his reason for coming here. When John Bates, with his mother and sisters, were coming to Macomb, in 1832. they met the old man traveling toward Detroit, since which time his career i^ wrapped in mystery. Lyman Squires and Daniel Smith moved to Romeo in 1824, built a small log house near the middle of the Piatt Chamberlin lot, and made a commencement about half a mile north of the fair grounds and set out a few fruit trees, some of which are still standing. Squires sold to James Leslie and moved to Dryden. where his descendants now reside. Smith owned the Chamberlin lot, also a lot southwest of the village a few _\ears, aad also moved to Dryden. Cajit. Buell came to Romeo from Vermont in 1825, was a bachelor and lived with the Kittredge family; afterward with Col. Perry. He was killed at the creek one morning, as he was washing his face, Ijy a stone thrown l)y some person who wished to startle him. His was the first grave made in the Proctor Graveyard. ROMEO IN 18;-56-37. In 183B, the streets were cumbered with stumps, and the traveler was brought to a stand-still on dark nights too suddenly to enjoy any pleasure in the arrangement. The only back streets at the time was one running from the American House west to Holman & Farrar's shop; thence north to St. Clair; and one running south from Amos Palmer's shop to the brick wagon-shop; thence west to Main street. The first plank was not then laid for a sidewalk. The road then north of the steam mill was a mere lane, so narrow and full of knolls it was difficult to pass through with an empty wagon. In the sunnner of 1886, sheep were killed by wolves within a few rods of the site of G. H. Holman's present residence, and the boys killed coons in the corn-lields within forty rods of where Isaac Brabb's house now stands. A buggy or a cai-riage was among the unknown luxiu"ies of those early days. At that time, the hardware store of A. B. Rawles was the best and almost the only good house in town. Stage-coaches were only seen in the dim futirre, while plank roads seemed so far down the river of time that the eye of faith could not reach them, and but few expected to live long enough to see the day dawn on that era. In June, 1826, the whole number of frame dwelling houses was thirty; log houses, three; frame barns, twenty-one; log barns, one; small Congregational Church, visited once in two weeks by Rev. Mi\ Taylor, father of John Taylor, and Rev. IMr. Hollister, of the Episcopal Chiu'ch. once in two weeks Revs. Shaw and Richard, of the Methodist Church, preached once every four weeks in 1837, or about that time; one small school- house; an academy was opened in the church in 1836 or 1837. by Oman Archer; the Romeo Exchange, kept by Keeler; the American Hotel was l)uilt in 1840, by Aaron B. Rawles, and opened, July 4, by A. Streeter; physicians, Sabin and Tead. in 1836, and Whitney in 1838; three dry goods stores, kept by A. B. Rawles, Rux, Kidder & Co. and N. T. Taylor: Shaw & Dyar, A. B. Ayers and Dickenson & Mussey commenced in 1837, and Dickenson & Giddings in 1838; Pratt & Price, in 1839; Dickenson, Giddings & Newbm-y, in 1840; Mallary & Stei)heus, in 1843; Amos Palmer and W. &. B. Barrows, wagon-shops; J. P. Smith, tailor shop; Cuyler's tinshop; Noyes' tannery and shoeshop; Isaac Skillman, ^f HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. furnace foundiy; Hemy Van Atter and B. L. Perkins, cooper-shops; L. Sage and C. Chamberlin's carpenter-shops; Emory & Wilcox, chair factory; Gideon Gates was Post- master and Justice of the Peace; there was a mail every two weeks; H. A. Jennison com- menced the joiners business in the fall of 1830, and William Hulsart opened ashoeshopin 1837. E. W. Giddings & Sons, proprietors of the house established in 1888 or 1839 by Dickenson, Giddings & Newbuiy. C. F. Mallary & Co.. successors to Stephens & MaUary, who established their hard- ware house in May, 1843. Loiid & Newbury, successors to C. B. Newbury, "who established the hoiise in 1848. Giddings, Rowley & Co., successors to the business established in October, 1856, by H. O. Smith and M. A. Giddings. Holland & Reade, owners of the drug store established in 1855 by B. T. Castle. T. A. Smith inaugiu-ated his general store May '.i3, 1803. Price & Flumerfelt's general store was established by J. E. Price September 15, 1862. Phelps, Newman & Co. commenced business in April, 1857. George Washer combined the business of auctioneer and harness-maker, establishing himself here as early as 1850. W. R. Owen succeeded to the business established in 1852 by A. B. Ayers, in 1861. H. P. Piper commenced the jewelry business November 1, 1869. I. M. Wilkinson & Co. established a news agency and book store here August 1, 1869. Durand & Mussey succeeded Chester & Dui-and in the drug trade April 11, 1867. Daniel McCoy, grain dealer, succeeded J. F. Jackman, April, 1868. I. P. Muzzy, successor to Muzzy & Bro., opened a tlour and feed store in 1869. ■James H. Boden opened a carriag(> and wagon shop in July, 1866. Caleb NVe and H. A. Jennison inaugurated the crockerv and glassware business in March, 1868." Price & Smith opened a crockery and grocery store in 1868 or 1869. C. E. Sutherland, dealer in musical iustraments and sewing-machines, was here in J. G. Trpmaine, produce buj'er, opened his store December 15, 1869. C. W. Edson succeeded L. B. Gray in the livery business December 5, 1868. E. Coykendal succeeded John Cawker as proprietor of the American House February 1. 1868. A. B. Ellithorpe opened the Peninsular House July 1, 1869. John B. Dyar succeeded to his father's dry goods business in 1868. John W. Dyar established the house in 1839. Ayers & Sibbet comnienced the business of machinists in 1852. Holman & Carrar purchased their interests in i860, who sold to Anson Hamblin in 1864, and he in turn to Hamblin & Bates, January 2, 1869. The First National Bank was presided over by E. ^\'. Giddings in 1869. Dr. J. Douglass commenced the practice of dentistry in March. 1852. Dr. R. S. Bancroft opened a dentist's office in May, 1852. Dr. Hay ward was the homeopathic physician here from 1866. C. M. C. Snover made a plat of Romeo in 1869-70. This he loaned to Mr. Lowell; who loaned it to one of the men connected with the Atlas in 1875. A copy of this plat appeared in the Alias, which was signed by O. F. Waegon, C. E., when it should bear the name of the original draftsman. nv HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The First National Bank was organized March 30, I8fi4, with Neil Gray as President. He held the office until his death, Decemlier 14, 18GS. L. C. Mclntvre was first Cashier, which office he resigned April 3. 1865. Henry O. Smith succeeded him in 1865. E. \V. Giddings was elected President January 7. 1S6U. The Directors then elected were E. W. Giddings. Hugh Grav. Alvin B. Ayer. 'M. A. Giddings, E. F. Mead. Amlrew M. Grover, John Smi^h, Jr., John H. Brabb, Noah W. Gray and H. O. Smith. ROMEO IN 18S1. How far superior Romeo of today is to the village of 1853 may be learned from the following list of Romeo taxpayers who are down on the books for $97 and upward: John W. Dval^ $240.63: Hugh Gray, $395.69: E. \V. Giddings, $455.59: Charles Burr, $158.- 88: A. B. Ayer. $104.60: Alden Giddings. $2^7.11; James Gray, $120.50: M. A. Gid- dings. $122! 95: H. C. Gray, $253.03: William Grav, $105.60: Watson Loud, $210.17; Newbury Bros.. $283.46: E. S. Snover, $192.45: A. J. Sykes. $176.39: Romeo Carriage Company, $124.53: Jerome Benjamin. $203.73: A. B. Maynard. $357.30; Newbury Es- tate. $119.84; James Thompson. $168.18: Haryev Eldred. $116.29: G. G. Hartung, $110.61: H. A. Shaw, $129.53; J. L. Benjamin. $153.26; J. H. Brabb, $120.95; J. M. Thorington. $192.17: Hiram Eldred. $109.29; Cynthia Bailey. $98.78; Andrew Winter- mute, $97.87; Snover Crissman. $245.17. SCHOOLS .^ND SCHOOL TEACHERS. Gideon Gates was the first Justice of the Peace, the first Postmaster, and also the first schoolmaster. In many respects, he was well fitted in his yonnger years for that po- sition. He was a man of more than ordinary attainment for those times; was of quick discernment and lively turn of manner, which fitted him far better than others to be the country schoolmaster. Through the enterprise of Capt. Chamberlin, Asahel Bailey and Gideon Gates, the first schoolhouse was erected in 1828. It served as the district schoolhouse for many years, and was located on the roadside between the residences of Asahel Bailey on the south, Gideon Gates and Capt. Chamberlin on the north, and of old Mr. Finch on the northeast, where the north district schoolhouse stands. The same site was for many years later occupied by a much better building for a similar purpose. The original house was aboiit twenty by thirty feet, an ample entry way reducing the school room to aboxit twenty feet square. This too was the country meetinghouse for many years, and here, by mutual agreement, the various denominations of Christians held religious services. Hither was gathered the first school in the winter of 1828-29. Gideon Gates, as schoolmaster, was not a man of unnecessary activity. He 'isually sat perched ixpon a lit- tle stool, nearly in the center of the little room, and ruled his little kingdom, not with a little rod of iron, but with a tremendously long hazel switch. Michigan can beat the world on hazel switches, and the largest of them grew right roun^ that schoolhouse. The lai'gest matured in 1828, and went into service that winter. The master seldom rose from his seat: the extended rod could reach to the farthest scholar, and the blows fell thick and heavy in each rebellion until there was unconditional surrender. The classics were not even pursued, but the King's English was captured, and, at times, pretty badly handled. Still, it is our pride to write the first school a success, and the first schoolmaster more than equal to the situation. The next teacher was Miss Jnlia Chamberlin, a daughter of Gad Chamberlin, who sub- sequently married Luther Shaw. Her remains rest in thf> cemetery on the hill since 1835. She taught in 1828. and also in 1829. Azariah Prentiss became head master of the school in 1830. Summer and winter he 7(^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. supervised the studies with marked success. True, his afternoon nap in the long summer days was a little prolonged, and the boys gained many an extra recess, yet, during his waking hours, there was a spun'ing on in study which compensated fully for lost time. Miss Sarah Baldwin, daughter of Dr. Baldwin; Miss Hopkins, sister of Cyrus Hop- kins; Miss Sophrouia Ewell and Miss Standish, taught schools during the summer from 1830 to 1835, while the winter schools were presided over successively by Judge Prentiss, Gideon Gates, Halleck, Brown, Allen Buzzell, and perhaps another. There was a turbu- lent spirit prevailing at that time among the youth; yet the school-teachers of the past preserved order and maintained a standard much above the average of district schools. Among the best educators of that time was iMiss Jerusha Shaw, best known among the little ones as •'Aunt Jerusha." She was the sister of Rev. John B. and Liither Shaw. FIRST SPHUOL UUlsE IN ROIILU As early as 1834, the need of a higher grade of instruction than the district school afforded was very generally felt. The boys were growing rapidly to manhood, and there were no schools near at hand where hopeful daughters could receive the finishing touches of a liberal education. The advent of Ormou Archer marked a new era in the history of schools at Romeo. He was originally from Grandville, N. Y., a graduate of Williams College, and had been Principal of a seminary at Utica, N. Y., for two years. His acad- emy was established here in 1835. It continued until 1839, during which time it pro- duced some of the l^est students to be found iu the State at that time. Among the pupils were the younger members of the Chamberlin family, the childi-en of N. T. Taylor, of the Al« — *- ^r= 630 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Abbott family, the members of Ei'astus Day's family, all the younger members of the Ewell family, of the Holman, of the Hollister, of the Gilbert, of the Bailey, families, with the Biu'banks of Rochester, the Comstocks from St. Clair, the Benedicks from " over west," Green and Oran Freeman of this district, Hurd and Bancroft of Detroit, H. H. Wells. D. R. Shaw, the Lookes, Harvey Fuller, Peter Myers, the Thnrstous. and many others fi'om the neighborhood. Profs. Nutting and Palmer are remembered among the early teachers. To these and their immediate successors, next to the liberal and enlightened course pursued by the peo- ple of Romeo, the enviable success of the schools here is largely due. THE ROMEO ACADEMY. The Romeo Academy has been one of the mast notable schools of learning in the State. It was the development, after the New England pattern, of the district school into a higher institution of learning, and was in its day well known and patronized through- out all this region of the State. From its halls have gone forth many men and women now active antl prominent in all the walks of life. This academy was opened in J835. Dr. Hollister, speaking of the academy in 1878, recalled the names of Asahel Bailey and Mr. Finch, of Gad Chamberlin. Gideon Gates and Roswell Webster, and the location of the old schoolhouse nearly midway between them, while farther north was Sewell Hovey, northwest was Deacon" Rogers, east was Erastus Day. southeast William Abbott, south Mr. Foot and Gurdeon Hovey, and a few other families, active in the formation of the fii'st district school, variously located, in the spring of 1828. When, in the fullness of time, the academy was to be, he recited the names of many of the old citizens, whose families were already growing up and in present need of such an institution. Among those named were Jacob Beekman. N. T. Taylor, Asahel Bailej', the Gilbert family. Willard Guild, Samuel Ewell. William Abbott, Capt. Chamberlin, Elijah Look, Henry Wells, Asa Holman, Standish. Erastus Day, Jacob Skillman. Sr. , the Buzzell family, Raymond, A. W. Sterling, and many others. Then he gave a list of the younger married men, who. while yet their families were young, still gave to the uew en- terprise their hearty support. Among those named were M. T. Lane. Charles Farrar, Dr. Jeremiah Sabin, Dr. J. P. Whitney, Amos Palmer, Dennis Scranton, Martin Southwell, Mr. Winans, Mr. Sage, John Maitland, Henry Howarth, William Hulsart, Martin Buzzell, Linus Gilbert, Isaac Gilbert, Amos Hewett, Darius Ewell. Gel Rix. And still another was a class of young men, all marriageable, whose needs were all jirospective, the very mention of whom is to-day a little amusing as coming under this list. AiBong them as named were Aaj'on B. Rawles, John W. Dyar, Calvin A. Shaw, D. C. ^^'alker, Dexter Mussey, Asa and Jerry Ayers, Dr. H. B. Teed, Grin Southwell. Abijah Palmer. Nathan Palmer, Allen Buzzell, Carlton Sabin, Silas McKeen. Charles Chamber- lain. Sidney M. Kidder, Horace Bogart. James Snover, Jacob Smith, Blake Barrows, Jo- seph Gilbert. Under the head of teachers, reference was specially made to Miss Jerusha Shaw, later Mrs. Owen, as the originator of the first private school, and to her personal agency in se- curing a Principal for the academy that was to be. He referred very fully to the coming to Romeo of Oman Archer as the. first Principal of the Romeo Academy, and to the organization of that school in the fall of 1835. The Doctor ventured to recount, as far as memory would serve, the families repi-e- sented in that school: Of the Abbotts. Franklin. Norman, Isaac. Jane, Elizabeth and Mary; of the Beelnnans, James, Caroline and John; of the Buzzells, Allan and Stephen; of the Baileys, Prudence and Maria; of the Chamberlains, Joseph, Nelson and James; of the Days, Daniel. Levi and Lucinda; of the Dodges, Julia; of the Ewells, Holbrook, Hall, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Jane and Nancy: of the Gilberts, Joseph and Ira; of the Parrars. Merrill and Charles; of the Holmans, Sumner, George. Lura. Elizabeth and Cynthia; of the Looks. Asher. James and Eliza; of the Raymonds, Samuel and younger sisters; of the Skillmans, Jacob, Abram, Isaac and three sisters; of the Standishes. Susan: of the Wellses, Henry. From another list of those coming out of town, he noted the following; The Thirrstons, Stock- ton, Bancroft, Hiu-d, Freemans, Fuller. Benedict. Peter Myers. Ducing and others. Among the young ladies mentioned were Miss Juliette McKeau. the Misses Bm-bank. the Misses Comstock. Miss Westbrook, Miss Louisa Benedict. Miss Bancroft. Miss Lucesda M;u-k- ham, and perhaps others. The Doctor spoke of the ladies' school of Miss Martha Makepeace, later, Mrs. E. W. Giddings, refen-ing to the cultiu-e of the lady and of the remembrances that are to-day still cherished by her pupils. He then spoke of his three years' absence pm^suing his studies elsewhere, and of his tinding, upon his retm-n, the school re-organized and flourishing un- der the direction of Prof. Nutting and his estimable wife, and his daughter, Miss Marcia. He named some of the pupils in Prof. Nutting's school: Andrews, Johnson, the Trow- bridges, the Parks. Wattles. Allison, Donaldson. Cooper. Poppleton, Welch, Hall. Lane, the Holmans, Farrars, Sexton. Leete. Ames, the Chandlers, the Hodges, the Harts. Ker- chival. the Brownrows. the Biu-ts, the Taylors. Nuttings, ^^'ells. Newbmy. Beekmans, Parmelee. Owen, and of the young ladies, Misses Dickinson, Mary Taylor, Delia Newbiu-y. Mary Mack. Lorissa Prentiss, the Misses Leete, Maria Holenbeck, Kate Trowbridge, Caddy Beekman, Augusta Abel, the four Windiates. Miss Henry. Melissa Crittendens. the Bron- sons. Miss Cole, Miss Calkins and others. Up to Prof. Nutting's time, school was held in the First Congregational Chiu-ch building, when the clnu'ch was moved west and called the academy. Nutting purchased this property and occupied it as long as he remained. The school was called the academy during Prof. Nutting's time. He was assisted by the members of his own family. Charles H. Palmer succeeded Prof. Nutting as Principal of the school. He conducted it for many years successfully. Isaac Stone, son of Isaac Stone, an old settler of Ray Township, was the next Prin- cipal. During his term, the principal citizens of Romeo organized a body corporate, under the name. " The Dickenson Institute." This name was adopted in honor of Nathan Dick- enson, who donated three acres of land for educational pruposes on the present site of the Union School. The Legislature had not previously provided for the organization of edu- cational bodies, so that the school was organized under the lyceum act. Then the school building, as now used, facing on Prospect street, was built. The style of architecture was rather ecclesiastical, and the cost of building, over $3,000, to- gether with §1,000 presented to Mr. Dickenson, which sum he donated toward the build- ing of the school. The Trustees were Edward S. Snover. P. R. Hurd. Dexter Mussey, E. W. Giddings and Neil Gray, Sr. These gentlemen continued to hold the office of Trustee until educational affairs here were organized under the general law. The first union school was formed after much opposition from a few members of the Board of Trustees of the Dickenson Institute. Prof. D. B. Briggs, noc Deputy Secretary of State, succeeded Mr. Stone in the win- ter of 1855. • He remained imtil the close of the spring term of 1857, when Prof. G. W. Perry, now of Chicago, succeeded Mr. Briggs. He conducted the school from the fall of 1857 to 1859. Daniel Poor was the next Principal. AL-. Poor died recently at Wenona. 111. His stated salary as teacher of the school here was S500 per year, together with tuition fees. He remained until Prof. K B. Wood took charge of the school, and he remained until the arrival of Prof. Jepson. Prof. A\'ebster was the next teacher. '[' ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The principal students of the school during Mi\ Palmer's time were: I. Hubbell, Member of Congi-ess; A. S. Welch, Moses Coit Taylor; A. W. Meaddaugh, lawyer; France. William and Bruce Chandler, Knox Gavin, William A. Throop, D. J. Davidson, Cortez Fessenden, I. S. Newberry. Johnson. Setterlee. Gelucia A. Gibbs, S. W. Fowler. David N. Cooper; James B. Eldredge. present Judge of Probate; Henry and Theodore Chase, C. P. and Edward Leete, Milton H. Butler. In Stone's time: J. C. Lowell, now of Jackson. Mich.; Dwight N. Lowell, a la^vj'er of Romeo; Irving D. Hanscom. Prosecuting Attorney; George P. Andrews, now a physi- cian at Detroit; Hugh James and Neil Gray; Henry and Jacob Rawles — the latter a Major in the United States Army — and A. B. Chandler. J. P. Poppleton was one of the teach- ers in Prof. Palmer's time. Dr. Hamilton studied under Briggs. This gentleman is at present Treasurer of Lapeer County. Rufus P. Palen, now a lawyer of Santa Fe, studied here under Prof. Poor. All the records of the Romeo school district were burned February U2, ]87(). A dec- laration made by Albert E. Leete, M. A. Giddings, Harvey Mellen, and the Director, Irving D. Hanscom, certified that the Trustees elect, and the time of the expiration of their terms of office, at the time the records were bui'ued, were as follows: Albert E. Leete, term expires 1877; Samuel A. Reade, term expires 1877; Moses A. Giddings, term expires 1876; Timothy A. Smith, term expires 1876; Harvey Mellen. term expires 1878; Irving D. Hanscom. term expires 1878. This board held the first regular meeting at the office of Irving D. Hanscom October 5. 1875. Since that time, the officers of the board have been: 1875 — A. E. Leete, Moderator; Irving D. Hanscom, Director; Samuel A. Reade, As- sessor and Treasiu'er. 1876 — A. E. Leete. Moderator; I. D. Hanscom. Director; Samuel A. Reade. Assessor. 1877 — The same officers were reelected. 1878 — M. A. Giddings, Moderator; James Newman, Director; Samuel A. Reade, As- sessor. 1879- -M. A. Giddings, Moderator; Irving D. Hanscom. Director; Samuel A.. Reade, The officers elected in 1879 were re-elected in 18S1. RELIGIOUS. Coiiyrcgational Church. —The chm-ch was organized here in a log schoolhouse August 16, 1828. The town then consisted of a handful of houses of most jarimitive architectvu-e, and was called the Indian Village. Rev. Isaac W. Ruggles, a missionary bearing a com- mission from the American Home Missionary Society, and residing at Pontiac, came into this settlement and looked up the few scattered sheep, and organized them into a chm-ch, and froin time to time thereafter came, always on foot, by an Indian trail, from Pontiac, and broke to the little church in the wilderness the bread of life. The corporate members were only seven in number, viz.: Zelotus Stone, Gad Cham- berlain, Deacon and ili-s. Rogers. William Abbott, Mi-s. James Leslie and Chauncy Thorpe. All these have tinisheil their earthly pilgrimage except Mi\ Stone, who resides in the town of Ray. The church has had, for a longer or shorter period each, the services of eleven differ- ent ministers: .J. W. Ruggles, L. Shaw. P. Barber, J. B. Shaw. S. Hardv, R. R. Kel logg. O. C. Thompson. G. W. Newcomb, P. R. Hurd, H. O. Ladd, T. B. Haskell, and the present pastor, M. W. Fairfield. Fom' of these were duly installed — Mr. Kellogg, in 184:3; Ml-. Hm-d, February 12, 1851; Mr. Ladd, February 16, 1870; and Mr. Fairfield, May 4, 1875. 1 ^a A ^ ^ ^ Eight brethren have served in the office of Deacon: Nathan Rogers, Dexter Mussey, Seth L. Andi-ews, Ai-aunah Gilbert. Asa Hohnan, Watson Loud, M. A Giddings and H. O. Smith. Of these, three have "fallen asleep" — Deacons Rogers. Gilbert and Hol- man. The Sunday school was organized early in the history of the church, but at what pre- cise date is unknown. It has always been a prominent and Hom-ishing department of the chiu-ch work. Fom-teeu different brethren have served in the office of Superintendent: Rev. L. Shaw, Mr. Giles O. Archer, J. R. Taylor, D. Musaev, Prof. Poor, M. T. Lane, Mr. Mclntyi-e, U. T. Nichols, W. F. Abbott, N. Dickenson, C. "f. Mallary, W. Loud, M. A. Giddings, O. C. Thompson — who is the present efficient Superintendent, in his tenth year of service. Brethren Giles. Lane and Dickinson have been transferred to the Great Teacher's school above. In addition to ordinary religious interest and increase of membership by conversion from time to time in connection with the usual means of grace, there have been sis seasons of special revivals, when considerable numbers have been hopefully converted and gathered into the chiu-ch, and the church been specially strengthened. These revivals occui'red in the years 1832, 1838, 1852, 1866, 1871 and 1876. At these times, the pastor has been acceptably aided by ministerial brethren from abroad, both pastors and evangelists. The special meetings resulting in these revivals have sometimes been held by the church alone, but ordinarily and the most powerful have been union services. It is with satisfaction, proud though sad. that we recall to-day the fact that this con- gregation has not been wanting in self-sacrificing jsatriotism. ' For the preservation of the integrity of the Union, and for the maintenance of the national life against armed rebell- ion, it furnished thirty-six brave men, whose names we do well to cherish: Amos, Elam and Sabin Abbott, Lyman B. Holman, Nathan D. Mussey, Jeduthan Predmore, Jacob T. B. Skillman. Hem-y Wells, Jr., John S. Raymond. William A. Frazier. William Chand- ler, R. F. Selfridge, Frederick Rath, S. D. Raymond. Cyras Y. Dm-and. G. L. Crawford, William Hulsart and his three sons — Dexter, Robert and Charles — A. H. Leete. Thomas and James Moreland. Hannibal Nims. Jacob Rawles. C. P. Dake, I. D. Hanscom. David and Dwight Smith. Frank Barber, Eugene and Oscar WTiite, W. H. Pool, and Thomas, James and Albert Weigh tman. Of these, the thi'ee Abbotts, L. B. Holman, A. H. Leete, Robert Hulsart, Thomas Moreland. Hannibal Nims, Dwight Smith and Eugene and Oscar WTiite died in the serv- ice— nearly one-third of the whole number. The names of all these soldiers, and espe- cially of these eleven dead heroes and martyrs for liberty — the liberty of their country and of all mankind — ai-eamost precious and highly prized legacy of this Christian congi-egation. The service of song has always received special attention, and there have been brought to it more than ordinary musical "talent and culture. Great harmony has. for the most part, characterized the choir, and marked fidelity and enthusiasm in their work. When such names as, in the earlier choir, Mr. and Mrs. C. B. Newbury. Mrs. N. Dickinson. Mr. and :Mi-s. M. T. Lane, A. Bailey. A. B. Rawles. W. Hulsart, Dr. Leete, H. O. Smith, S. H. Ewell. Charles Farrai-, Dr. Loud, and in the later choir, Mr. and Mi-s. W. R. Owen. E. C. Newbury. John Ford. J. Yaughan. H. O. Smith. Dr. Loud, Miss Mary Smith, Miss Mattie Owen. Miss J. Mussey and Mi-s. Rolls, are recalled, this fidelity and success will occasion no sui'prise. We statedly contribute to the Foreign Missionary cause tlu-ough the American Boai-d: to the Home Missionary cause through the American Home Missionary Society; to the Southern work through the American Missionary Association; to the church Iniilding cause thi-ough the Congregational Union: and to the Bible cause through the American :39 ^ ft) I ' I «' ^^ '^(, r -^ ® "V HISTORY OF MACOMB COLTNTY. Bible Society. Our contributions to these various causes have been considerable, but could be wisely increased, as we hope that they will steadily be. There are connected with this chm-ch a Woman's Missionary Society, a Dorcas So- ciety, and Children's Missionary Society — "'Little Sunbeams." These societies are all in good working oixler and doing satisfactory service. We have had three meeting-houses —the first erected in 1833. by Charles Chamber- lain, builder; the second, in 1842, by Mr. Wilcox; and the present commodious and taste- ful one was completed in May, 1877. These have all been on the same lot. and no loca- tion could be more desirable in the town. The house is gothic in style, with a commanding tower, and all most thoroughly and satisfactorily built. The work is first-class work fi*om foundation to tiuTet. inside and out. The building embraces the audience room. 65sr>'2 feet, seating fiUO persons, and can easily accommodate 80U people by bringing in extra seats; a chapel, which seats 200, and can be made to seat 300 by throwing back the sliding doors; a ladies' parlor, a library room and a Dorcas room — all these oq the first floor. There are furnace and domestic apartments, cisterns, etc., in the basement. The building is lighted throughout with gas. The entire cost of this structm-e. including the fiu-nishing, gas works, clock in tower, etc., is about $32,0t)0. It is probably as good and as handsome a building as has ever l)een erected in the State for this amount of money. We are particularly happy in saying that it is all absolutely paid for, and paid for in voluntary contributions in sums ranging from 25 cents to $6,200. The Methodist Church. — In 1824. Albert Finch, then an old man. was the pioneer who first opened his house in this district for religious worship. He made his home the abode of the first ministers of the Gospel, and his house a chiu'ch, while yet there were neither churches nor hotels. At his house the first Methodist class was formed in 1824. Two circuit ministers were assigned to this and other points adjacent, viz., Isaac C Hun- ter and Elias Pettit. The first Presiding Elder, being for 1824, was Z. H. Carter. The pastors for 1825-20 were John James and James Armstrong; for 1826-27, John James; for 1827-28, William Runnells and John James; for 1828-29, William T. Snow; for 1829-30, W. T. Snow and Curtis Stoddard, Presiding Elder; for 1831, William Sprague and Mr. Browning. From 1824 to 1828, nieetings were held at the house HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. The Bnpfi.-tt Cliitrcli. — The first Baptist Claureli of Romeo was organized June 16, 1840, at the house of Ira Phillips, in the town of Armada. Members present were: Ida Wariser. Sophia Warner. Nathaniel Bennett, Mary Bancroft, Jehial Campbell, Jane Camp- bell, Phcebe Barnes, Hiram T. Bancroft, Wily Bancroft, Lydia Becraft, Lucinda Bennett, Julia Warner, Cynthia Le.slie, Amelia Bancroft; Rev. William Tuttle, Chairman: Wiley Bancroft, Clerk. September 20, 1846, the brethren and sisters, under the leadership of Rev. Supply Chase, met at the house of Mrs. Nancy Ewell, in Romeo, where articles of faith were adopted. January 3, 1847, David Green chosen Clerk; David Quackenboss, Treasiu-er, May 28, 1847; Jarvis Green chosen Deacon September 28, 1847. The chui'ch was recognized as a regular Gospel church by a council composed nf delegates from the chiu'ches of Almont. Stony Creek, Washington. Ray, October 3, 1847. The church ap- plied for admission, and was admitted into the Michigan Baptist Association, July 1, 1853. Rev. A. E. Mather was called to the pastorate of the chm-ch: J. D. Standish and David Green were appointed to locate a site and act as a building committee. August 5. 1853, J. D. Standish elected Clerk and Treasurer. August 28. Wiley Bancroft and Jarvis Green were elected Deacons. September 4. Sunday school organized; A. H. Peck. Super- intendent; J. D. Standish, Assistant; C. B. Standish, Librarian. December 16. 1853, dedication services were held in the new church; cost of church, $3.00t); cost of parson- age, $801): cost of lots, $500; indebtedness at date. $900. June 27, 1857, Rev. C. R. Nichols was called to the pastorate of the church. November 27, 1859, Rev. William Wilkinson was chosen Pastor. June 7, 1863, Rev. J. C. Baker was chosen Pastor. Au- gust 19, 1806, Rev. T. S. Wooden was chosen Pastor. December 14, 1870, Rev. J. E. Bitting was chosen Pastor. August 12, 1872, Rev. A. D. Martell was chosen Pastor. April 27, 1875, Rev. C. H. Richardson was chosen Pastor. December 11, 1878, Rev. Mr. Marshall was engaged as a supply. July 3, 1881, Rev. Mr. Ewell was chosen Pastor, who is now in charge of the church. Membei'ship at date, 100. Elisha Calkins. A. J. Sikes and the Pastor are Trustees, with A. J. Sikes, Clerk. Prote.fiiaiit Episcopal Chwch. — As early as 1834 or 1835, Asahel Bailey and Mr. Freeman, with their families, together with other early residents, were active in support of Episco|)al worship here. A Rev. Mr. Holland was located here for awhile, but no formal organization of a church was effected. Rev. Mr. Lewis preached here for some time. LIBBARIES AND MUSEUMS. The most certain evidence of culture is a carefully selected library. The love for books is still only in its youth. Year after year we see its growth and results. In almost every American home in this county, the table or book-case manifests this fact. In the villages, private enterprise has gathered important books under its fold. In the law offices of Romeo an example is set in this direction well worth following. The book collec- tions of D. N. Lowell, I. D. Hanscom and John L. Starkweather form valuable libraries, vieiug in variety and extensiveness with the best law libraries of the State. Among the antiquarians of Romeo may be named Dr. Andrews, George A. Waterbiuy and Dr. Doug- lass. Their collections are valuable. S(_)CIETIES. The Romeo Chapter. R. A. M.. No. li . was organized in 1857, and chartered January 14, 1858. E. P. Bentley, John Nichols, R. P. Eldi'idge, Charles Terry. Greenleaf Wad- leigh, A. B. Ayres, H. M. Case. George E. Funston and S. B. Allen were the petitioners. Funston did not become a member. The present officers of Chapter 17 are: A. E. Palmer, H. P.: James Gray, K. ; M. C. Hunt, S.; C. F. Newberrv. C. H.; R. W. Titus, P. S.; John McCafferty, R. A. C; S, H. Ewell, G. M. Ist V.; R. "S. M. Rittor, 2d V.; William E. McDowell, 3d V.; O. D. ~|^ lU\ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Thompson, Chaplain; Harvey Mel len, Treasurer; James K. McFarlane, Secretary. Among the High Priests of the chapter since organization were: Asa B. Ayres, H. M. Case. A. E. Palmer, Isaac Crawford. Dwight N. Lowell. The Romeo Council was organized under dispensation, March 9, 1860, with R. P. El- dredge. T. I. G. M. ; William Corbin. T>. I. G. M.; and D. B. Tracey. P. C. W. The petitioners praying for a dispensation were: Abijah E. Palmer, Asa B. Ayres. \V. W. Gray, William Mahon, C. C. Lamb, S. A. Fitch and William McDonald. The present officers of the council are: Abijah E. Palmer, T. M. ; James Gray, D. M ; C. F. Newbury, P C. VV. ; Harvey Mellen, Treasurer; and Dwight N. Lowell, Secretary. Romeo Chaj^ier, No. 52, of the Egyptian Masonic Rite, was organized January 22, 1879, with eighteen members. Calvin E. Burt, of Jackson, M. W., presided. The elec- tion of officers resulted as follows: Most Wise, L-ving D. Hanscom: Senior Warden, C. R. Greene; Junior Warden, William Gray; Orator, William Greenshields: Prelate, Rev. John Kelly; Conductor, C. F. Newbury; Treasm-er, H. Mellen: Secretary, M. I. Brabb; C. G., James Gray; G. S., W. S. McDowell. The Blue Lodge was chartered Januaiy 9, 1851, with the following officers: Asahel Bailey. Brewer Dodge, Trowbridge Benedict. The present officers are: W. C. McDowell, AV. M.; R. W. Titus, S. W. : O. D. Thompson, J. W. ; Oel J. Smith, Secretary: Harvey Mellen, Treasm-er; Lester Edson, S. D.; and S. M. Bitter, J. D. The W. M.'s of the lodge since organization comprised Asahel Bailey, Trowbridge Benedict, Greenleaf Wad- leigh. Asa B. Ayres, H M. Case, A. E. Palmer, Isaac Crawford, S. Bellows, I. D. Hans- com, Dwight N. Lowell, Milton Thompson and William McDowell. The Romeo Com.mandcri/. No. (i. K. T., was organized April 30, 1858. At the first regular meeting held iinder the charter, Asa B. A^Tes was elected E. C. : H. M. Case, G. : W. P. Beach, C. G.; L. P. Mason, Prelate: R. P. Eldredge. S. W. ; Charles Terry, J. W. ; A. P. Brewer, R. and T. ; H. Carter, S. B. ; C. C. Lamb, S. B. and W. From 1858 to the disbandment of the command, in 1862, Asa B. Ayres continued lirst officer. From 1862 to 1869, the lodge did not exist. This was due to the fact that almost its entire membership was enrolled under the banners of the Union in the wiir for the Union. Four years after the war, the commandery was re-organized, under the restored charter, with Abijah E. Palmer, E. C. Since that time, the command has been held by Irving D. Hans- com, 1870-71; James Harvey, 1871-72; John Ford, 1872-74; and James Gray, 1874-82. The present officers are: James Gray, E. C. ; I. D. Hanscom, Generalissimo; C. F. Newbury, C. G. ; O. D. Thompson, Prelate; M. I. Brabb, Recorder: Harvey Mellen, Treasiu-er; William Gray, Senior Warden; D. N. Lowell, Junior Warden; A. E. Palmer, Standard -Bearer; John Green, Sword-Bearer ; William C. McDowell. Warden; James H. Boden, Sentinel; John N. Mellen, 1st G. ; John Ford, 2d G. ; George M. Crocker, 3d G. The membership niimbers fifty-foiu-. The attendance at the Chicago Conclave in 1880 comprised M. I. Brabb, I. D. Hanscom, James Gray, William Gray, M. C. Kelly, G. W. Robertson, J. F. Ferguson, N. B. Ekhedge and a few others. They accompanied the Port Hui'on contingent. Romeo Lodge, No. 'JH. I. O. O. F.. was organized March 23, 1847, with Minot T. Lane, N. G. ; Philo Tillson, V. G.; jC. F. Mallary, Secretary; Henry Stephens, Permanent Sec- retary; Asa B. Ayres, Treasiirer. The members admitted were: Abijah E. Palmer, J. B. Chamberlin, S. H. Williams, Ed C. Owen, T. Y. Jennings, Albert E. Leete. John R. Sharpsteen. The lodge, as then organized, continued in existence iintil January, 1860, when the members ceased to meet regularly. In 1878, an effort was made to re-organize, which effort was a success January 4. The election of officers resulted as follows: Abijah E. Palmer, N. G. ; Ed S. Snover", V. G.; C. F. Mallary, Secretary; Chester Cooley, Treasiirer; rRT 038 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Abijah E. Palmer, Representative to Grand Lodge: M. S. Hadley, D. D. G. M. The present officers are: Joseph Ayres, N. G. ; E. M. Bickford, Y. G. ; A. E. Palmer, Secre- tary and Permanent Secretary; Chester Cooley, Treasurer. Among the l)est-kaown Presi- dents of the lodge were M. T. Lane. Philo Tillson, A. E. Palmer, Joseph Ayres. A. E. Leete, C. F. Mallary, Ed S. Snover, Asa B. Ayres. K)iiglittt of Honor. — The K. of H. was organized February 5, 1877, by District Dejnity R. A. MeCarty, with the following charter members: James Harvey, M. D., R. Selfridge. William H. Rolls, C. P. Dake, S. Sib Hopkins. C. G. Conger. J. L. Starkweather, B. J. Flumerfelt, I. D. Hanscom, Esq., P. H. McParland. The following were elected for it, first term, ending June 30: J. L. Starkweather, Dictator; C. G. Conger, Reporter: S. Sib Hopkins, Financial Reporter; James Harvey, M. D., Treasiu'er. Num- ber of lodge, 4-48. The second semi-annual election of officers re.sulted as follows: Dic- tator. O. D. Thompson, Professor; Reporter, Charles G. Conger; Financial Reporter. S. Sib Hopkins; Treasurer, James Harvey, M. D. Third semi- annual election of officers, same as last, with the exception of Reporter, J. K. McPharlane being elected Represen- tative to the Grand Lodge, J. L. Starkweather, with C. P. Dake, Alternate. At the fourth semi-annual election: Dictator, S. S. Hopkins; Reporter, R. F. Self ridge; Financial Rejiorter, C. Y. Durand; Treasurer, James Harvey, M. D. Lodge now numbered thirty-three members. R. F. Selfridge resigned during this term, and A. S. Pool elected Reporter to fill vacancy. October 25, 1878, fifth semi-annual election, elected Dictator, S. S. Hopkins; Re- porter, A. S. Pool; Financial Reporter, C. Y. Eurand; Treasurer, James Harvey, M. D. ; Representative to Grand Lodge, S. S. Hopkins; Alternate, O. D. Thompson, Professor. Lodge now numbered thirty- eight members. Sixth semi-annual election, elected the following: Dictator, G. W. Spier; Reporter, A. S. Pool; Financial Reporter. C. Y. Durand; Treasurer, James Harvey, M. D. At about this time, the lodge voted 50 cents per member for the relief of Knights of Honor in the South suffering with yellow fevej-. Seventh semi-annual election elected as follows: Dictator. O. D. Thompson; Re- porter, A. S. Pool; Financial Reporter, C. Y. Durand; Treasui'er, James Harvey. M. D. : Representative to Grand Lodge. G. W. Spier, with Alternate, S. S. Hopkins. The eighth, ninth and tenth semi-annual meetings resulted in a re-election of old officers. R. J. Hosner was elected Representative to Grand Lodge. The following officers were elected at the eleventh semi-annual meeting: Dictator, James B. Harvey; Reporter. A. S. Pool: Financial Reporter, R. H. Weller; Treasurer, James Harvey, M. D. ; Representative to Grand Lodge. R. J. Hosner. with Alternate. J. L. Starkweather. The membership at present is thirty-two. Not one death has been reported since its organization. United Woykmen, Union Lodge, ■'>■'). was organized September 3. 1878, with the fol- lowing officers: James Harvey. P. M. W. ; Isaac Douglas, M. "\V.; Levant Bedell, G. T. ; T. R. Crawford, Overseer: Thomas Marshall, Recorder; R. B. Owen, Financier; James Gray. Receiver; Frank W. Dash, Guide; Charles D. Hunt, J. W. ; P. H. McParland, O. W. : H. Vanberger, James B. Harvey and G. B. Loud, Trustees. The charter members comprised: James Mulvey, John Trueworthy, James Dickin- son, G. H. Bristol, James H. Bodeu, Henry Rawles, John White, William Hamblin, Charles C. Bradley, S. S. Hopkins, John Mellen. O.^car Hopkins, Albert Kennedy. D. P. Page, J. K. Taylor and B. B. Ketchum. Dr. Douglass. L. Bedell and Dr. James Harvey have served as P. M. W.'s of the lodge. The officers for term commencing January, 1882, are : F. W. Dash, P. M. W. ; E. Vanberger, M. V>.; E. P. Sanford, G. T. ; J. Trueworthv, O. ;• W. A. Taylor, G. ; O. riV HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Bentley, Recordei- : R. B. Owen, T. ; J. R. Moreland, Receiver: W. J. Page, I. W. : Thomas Weightmau, O. W. : E. Vanberger, Trastee; L. Bedell, R. G. L. Royal Arcanum. — R. A. McCarty completed the organization of a Council of Royal Arcanum at Romeo July, 1878. The following officers were elected : Past Regent, J. L. Starkweather; Regent, John Ford; Vice Regent, J. Newman; Orator, Irving D. Hanscom; Secretary, C. Y. Durand; Collector, T. D. Coe; Treasurer, S. A. Reade; Guide, L. Bedell; Chaplain. R. F. Selfridge; Warden. Ira F. Pratt: Sentry, Dr. William Greenshields; Trustees, Dr. William Greenshields. L. Bedell. R. J. Hosner. The officers elected for 1879 were: Past Regent, John Ford; Regent. Joseph New- man; Vice Regent, Aratus S. Pool; Orator, C. H. Richardson; Chaplain, Geoi-ge B. Loud; Secretary, C. Y. Durand; Collector, T. D. Coe; Treasurer, S. A. Reade; Guide, R. J. Hosner; Wardon, G. G. Hartuug; Sentinel, James Mulvey; Representative to Grand Lodge, John L Starkweather. The present officers of the Romeo Literary Society: I. D. Hanscom, President; O. D. Thompson, S. R. Dunlap and William A. Frazer, Vice Presidents; Frank N. White, Secretarv; Charles M. Tackles, Assistant Secretary; Edwin Starkweather, Treasui'er — November 25, 1881. Among the other societies of Romeo, the Literary Club, the Chautauqua, the Women's Christian Temperance Union, and the Grange, hold a high place. The religious societies in connection with the various churches are ably conducted. THE ROMEO CAERIAGE COMPANY. In the spriQg of 1865, the Peninsvilar Carriage and Wagon Mauufactory was estab- lished by .John A. and Beujainin B. Ketcham. Their business gradually extended from a small beginning to pi'oportions which secured for it an unequaled reputation throughout Michigan and the West. The proprietors conducted their business connections in the strictest integrity, and when the linancial stringency of 1872 and the five following years engulfed and crippled all business interests, they withstood the shock, but finally, in 1878, being unable to make collections, they succumbed. It was a disastrous day for Romeo and the seventy-five employes thrown out of work. The contingency was one that appealed strongly to the public spirit of the citizens of Romeo, and the Romeo Carriage Company was organized, its members including M. I. Brabb, John N. Mellen, H. C. Gray, James Gray and Benjamin B. Ketcham. Since the interests of the concern have been managed by these gentlemen, its repute has widened, until it ranks fairly with the best similar institutions of the United States. None but skilled workmen are einployed, and only first-class work is placed before the public. The works have a capacity for turning out 2.000 vehicles per annum, and the yearly orders call for the manufactixre of twelve to fifteen huudi'ed c:uTiages, of nearly every known pattern and description, including all kinds of buggies and carriages, phaetons (two and three spring), side bars, elliptic and Concord springs, and everything thai the trade demands. The factory is in the village of Romeo, and comprises three large two-story brick buildings, besides warehouses, shops, and all needed accessor*- structures. The company repi'esent a large amount of capital, and can carry the business to any e.xtent. The field of patronage includes the entire West, extending to California. ROMEO MINERAL WELL. A few of the citizens of Romeo inaugurated a subscription paper for the purpose of raising a fund to defi-ay the expense of boring a well. The sum so obtained was to be held until $5,000 was subscribed. On October 2, 1880. the sum named was subscribed, when a meeting of thos" who contributed to the stock was called. It was determined to appoint a committee, with full power to act in regard to contract, to collect money and ^-. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. complete the work connected with the jiroposed mineral well. The members of the com- mittee were Ed S. Snover, Marvel I. Brabb and Dwight N. Lowell. This committee contracted with Matthew Porter to bore a well, beginning the work April 1, IbSl, and proceed with the work expeditiouBly. The consideration was $2 per foot for l.fiOO feet, Porter to furnish cast-ii'on casing and boring machinery. The com- mittee retained the privilege of stopping the work at any point, but bound the subscribers to pay for 900 feet at least. The pump rod, pumja and land were to be purchased by this committee. Porter finished the well to a depth of 1,545 feet December 12, 1881, when the committee accepted the work and jiaid him $3,(IU(I. The pump and tubing were pur- chased by Porter for the committee. The lot was purchased in March, 1881. from J. S. Flummerfelt. the condition being that, if the well was not satisfactory, the contract should be declared null and void. Re- cently, the sum of $500 wa.s paid, and a deed given to the committee for the lots. The stockholders or promoters of this well are Henry Stephens, who subscribed |500; John AV. Mellen, A. B Maynard. A. A. Briggs and Newbury Bros.. $150 each; Harvey Mellen, Thomas D. Coe, James Gray, J. L. Benjamin and N. Larzelier, .f 100 each. The following citizens subscribed $125 each: D. H. Rowlov, M. A. Giddings. M. I. Brabb, S. A. Reade, Ed S. Snover, N. W. Gray, E. W. Giddings.' P. C. Killam, Amos Palmer and Elisha Calkins, John H. Brabb. J. S. Flummerfelt & Son, A. J. Sykes. A. B. Ayer, Alden Giddings, John Smith, Jr. The following-named citizens took two shares each, of $25 each share: Wellington Jersey, I. R. Moreland. Albert Kennedy, H. C Gray, M. Kelley, Ira F. Pratt, Eber J. Dudley, James Harvey, S. O. Giddings, I. D. Hanscom, W. R. Owen, John W. Dyar, Isaac Douglass. The under-named citizens subscribed $1)50. representing thirty- eight shares of $25 each: R. B. Owen. Charles Stranahan, R. W. Coykendall, Henry Rawles. John Dawson. Isaac N. Owen. Frank Culver. Amos O. Crissman, C. F. Mallary. W. H. Tiusman. Edwin Starkweather, Neil G. Reid, James Kell, Hai'vey Eldi-ed. Charles N. Coe, F. V. Tedmon, James Burlison. James B. Lucas, S. H. Ewell, Joseph Newman, Al)ijah E. Palmer, C. Y. Durand. J. L. Starkweather. Charles Fillmore. James Ayi-es, D. N. Lowell, Ben Cuyler, Oscar Hopkins. William Greenshields, J. B. Fares, R. J. Hosner, M. S. Hadley. G. A. Waterberry. Cornelius Virgil, John Ford, G. W. Brabb, Nathan H. Lee, H. H. Bradley. A reference is made to this enterprise at close of chronological chapter. The record of boring and original analysis of water are referred to in the geological chapter. The following is a description of the casing, tubing, etc. : The five and a half inch casing extends to the depth of 170 feet, driven through sand and gravel. At the depth of 123 feet inside the five and a half inch casing begins an- other string of casing, extending down to 200 feet and resting on a shoulder in the rock. A third string of four-inch casing beginning at the surface and extends to the depth of 1,100 feet, supported by a ring on the outside of the casing, and resting upon the upper end of the four and a half inch casing, which is belled at the upper end. Inside of the four- inch casing is the pump tubing, extending down to the depth of 1.420 feet and resting on a shoulder rif the rock. Inside the pump tubing is the pump rod, a three-fourth inch gas pipe extending to the depth at which the pump is set. The rock hole is four and one-half inches in diameter to the depth of 1,420 feet, and three and a half to the depth of 1.- 545 feet from the 1.420 feet level. The building now in use is simply the derrick-shaped pumping house, known so well in the salt and oil well districts. hosner's iron foundry. The iron foundiy now controlled by Riley J. Hosner holds an important place among the industries of the county. The work is first-class in every particular. -a)[V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. KENNEDY SASH AND BLIND FACTORY. The f'lunder of this factory was George H. Hohiian, who built it in 1844, at the north end of the villacre, in the rear of the house he occupied as a dwelling. He afterward sold an interest in the factory to Charles C. Farrar, and in 1858 these gentlemen moved the building to the center of the village, on the corner of Rawles and La Fayette streets, hav- ing bought an iron works and foundry known as the Sibbets property, and ran their fac tcry in connection with it. In 1805, the business passed into the hands of Albert Ken- nedy and Joseph Weller, who continued to run the business that was so well established. In 1868, the factory was destroyed by tire, the gentlemen meeting with a loss of 110,000, and in ninety days they had a new building erected so as to begin operations again. The work was pushed ahead, and soon had everything in better order than it was before. New machinery, with all the latest improvements, were put into the building, and was able to increase their capacity of doing business. The building is in the shape of an L, the south wing. 20x71, and the west wing, 22x50 feet, two stories high. The boiler and engine room is 20x40 feet, besides an office and outsheds. On the same block is an iron- shop 24x76 feet, and the whole machinery is run by a twenty-five horse-power engine. The stock of lumber on hand generally averages from $2,000 to $3,000, and the cost of the building and outfit is $15,0OO, which furnishes employment for eight to fifteen men. The partnership with Mi-. Weller closed in 1871, when his interest was purchased by Samuel Wayeott, who continued in the business until the spring of ISSO. Mr. Kennedy then purchased his interest, and has since been the sole owner and manager of the fac- tory. Alexander A. Briggs, proprietor of tie American House, Romeo, Macomb Co., Mich., was born November 27. 1841, in Colchester, Canada "West. On November 13, 1878. he pur- chased the American Hotel, with which he has since been connected. In the summer of 1881, an addition was built of brick, three stories in height, with basement, 100 feet long by 40 in width. It is lighted with gas, heated by steam throughout, and is fitted with all the modem improvements of first-class hotels. The first floor includes kitchen, dining room, private, bath, billiard and sample rooms, parlor and office; on the second floor are twenty-one handsomely furnished sleeping rooms; on the third floor are also twenty-five well-fitted rooms. The house is admirabh" situated for the accommodation of summer boarders, and forms, with the natural attractions of Romeo, a most desirable re- sort for the class who seek rest and recreation in country retreats. As a landlord. Mr. Briggs is deservedly popular in Romeo and with the traveling public. The Commercial House was built by Jacob Skillman for a livery stable about 1855. A few years latei'. it was opened as the Peninsular House. Skillman disposed of his in- terest in the hotel to Norman Perry, Jr., who in tm-n sold his interest to P. C. Killam in 1877. The latter rebuilt the hotel in 1880. The house has been conducted by the Jarvis Brothers, next by Miles Bigsby, next by William H. Van Inwagen, who opened it November 20, 1879, and is now conducted by the present lessees. The hotel is well managed, and may be classed among the most comfortable hostelries of the State. PERSONAL HISTORY. Much has been already written on the settlement and progress of Romeo. This vil- lage of sixty-one summers, still in its youth, claims an interesting and instructive history — one which would form a large volume in itself. To deal with it minutely was found to be impracticable; yet. to do justice to its story, the best citizens have been asked to aid the general historian, to which request they acceded cheerfully. Early in December, 1881, W. M. Bucklin entered on the labor of collecting the personal history of the village; to- ward the close of February, 1882, his work was taken up by Mr. H. O. Brown, who com- ' •<*' a ^^ HLSTOUY or MACOMB COUNTY. pleted the collecfcion of biogi"aj)hical matter there March 2, 1882. His sketches were all rewritten, again reviewed by the writer of the general history, and in many instances submitted to the per.son whom they concerned. In this manner we believe we have suc- ceeded in compiling a sketch of Romeo and her peojjle which is destined to give satisfac- tion. W. F. ABBOTT was born July m, lSl:i at Haverhill, N. H. : is son of William and Patience (Burbank) Abbott. His father was a native of the same place, and came to Oak- land County with his family in May. 1827, where they remained until March, 1828. when they took possession of the homestead of ninety-six acres in Washington, contiguous to the eastern limit of Romeo. The senior Abbott died January 1, 18()2; his wife, June 11, 1829; t!ie former aged seventy-three, the latter forty-two years. Mr. Abbott, of this sketch, left home at the age of eighteen and began his struggle with the "wide world." He found employ as a farm hand, etc.. and, in the spring of 18:^8, he returned to the homestead, which he has managed since, with the exception of one year, when he rented the farm. He cast his first Presidential vote for Martin Van Bm-en. In 1840, he became a tariff man, and voted for Harrison. He act-vd with the Whigs until the merging of the factious into the Republican party, with whom he has since been identified. He has been elected to some minor township positions, but preferred the quiet of a jirivate career. He was married, June 1, 1845, at Romeo, to Julia A., daughter of Brewer Dodge, who settled in this county in the spring of 1838. They have two children — Franklin S. . man-ied Emma Abbott, a distant connection, now editing the Wyandotte Hfrahl : and Julia A., wife of Irving D. Hanscom, Acting Prosecuting Attorney of Macomb County. Mr. Abbott iinited with the Congregational Church of Romeo in 1838, and is a highly respected mem- ber of the communitv. He has been a sufierer from paralysis since the spring of 1879. FRANKLIN ARNOLD, }'oungest son of Edward and Martha Arnold, was born in Washington, Macomb County, March 20, 1830. He was educated while at home, and spent his early life on his father's farm. He was maiTied, in October, 184:8, to Sarah Par- dee, of Kalamazoo County, a native of New York State, born April 18, 1831. She died September 20, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Arnold had eight children, seven of whom are now living -Amanda M., born September 2, 1849, now Mi-s. George Dibble, of Bull Citj', Os- borne Co., Kan.; Hannah L., born April 15. 1852. now Mrs. William Covu't, near Romeo, Macomb Co., Mich.; Martha A., born November 25, 1855, now Mrs. William H. Fowels, Terry Station, Bay Co.. Mich.; George F. . December 23. 1859, died when seventeen days old; Evaline, May 10, 1861, now Mrs. W. H. Hovey, Warsaw, Wyoming Co., N. Y. ; Ed- ward D., boru February 17, 1864; Everette R., born August 28. 1869; and Sarah A., born August 4, 1873. Mr. Arnold was again married, September 22. 1N74, to Mi's. Sarah A. Smith. They have one child, F. Beecher, born January 25, 1876. Mrs. Ai-nold was born at Holton, Warren Co., N. J., October 9, 1835. She was married. May 1, 1855, to George Stai-kweather, and had one daughter, Almeda S., born April 13, 185(5. She resides with her mother. Mr. Arnold lived on his father's farm for about fifty years, and, in the spring of ISSO. although he still managed the farm, he came to Romeo. Their fine residence on South Main street was built in the fall of 1N79. He has always been a Democrat, and has belonged to the Masonic fraternity since 1S62. Edward Arnold, deceased, was boi'n in 1790, in Eastern New York, and was the son of William Arnold, of English descent. He was married, in Moni-oe County, to Mrs. Martha Woodman, and in 1823 came to Macomb County, Mich., and patented 24(* acres of land from James Monroe, situated on the south- east quarter of Section 15. Mr. and Mrs. Arnold were the parents of five children. The first town meeting of the township of Washington was held in 1827, in a log schoolhouse ^- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. on tlie south end of his farm. He was a Democrat. Mrs. Arnold had one son by her first marriage. He settled in Ray, one mile west of Brooklyn, where he died. Horace Aimold, the oldest son, resides at Decatm-, Van Bnren (^ouaty. George, second son, died in Wash- ington, aged twelve years; Rebecca, third ';hild, died on the homestead, aged eighteen years. Mr. Arnold died in 1S()5. Mrs. Arnold died in ISoH. SETH L. ANDREWS, M. D., is a native of Putney. Vt, born June 24, 1809. His father. Rev. Elisha D. Andrews, was born in Southington, Conn., and, after fitting for the ministry, was settled as Pastor of the Congregational Church in Putney, Vt., for more than twenty years; resided a few years in Central New York, and ultimately came with his family to Michigan; in 1S4(), located a central section in Ai-mada, and organized a church. He preached occasionally during the remainder of his life, which terminated in January, 1.S52, at Ai-mada. His wife, Betsy Lathrop Andrews, died there in 18(i(). aged seventy-two years. Dr. Andrews received his elementary education in his native place, and in 182S, matriculated at Dartmouth College. Hanover, N. H., from which he graduated in 1881. He went to reside at Pittsford. N. Y., and commenced to study for his profession, attend- ing lectures at Fairfield Medical College: took his degree from that instittition in the spring of 188(5, and at once entered upon practice at Lancaster, N. Y., where he continued but a short time, and, in the winter of lS85-8(), attended medical lectures at Philadel- phia. In 188<), he was married to Parnelly, daughter of Simeron Pierce, of Woodbury, Conn. December 14 of the same year, he sailed for the Sandwich Islands as a missionary of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He resided twelve years at Kailua. Hawaii, where his wife died September 21), 184l>. He also buried there three children, and retui-ued to the United States in 1S4S, bringing with him his son, George P. Andi-ews, now a physician of Detroit Dr. Andrews attended a course of medical lec- tures in New York, and in 1852, married Miss Amelia T. Dike. Januaiy 12, 1858, he lo- cated at Romeo, Mich., and has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession until the past few years. He has, on account of his years, somewhat reduced his business. His adopted daughter. Carrie E., married John H. Potter, of Delaware, Ohio. George P. Andrews, of Detroit, married Sarah G., daughter of John W. Dyar, a pioneer of Ma- comb. Dr. Andrews has a tine museum of natural history, a large proportion of which was collected on the Sandwich Islands. ALVAN B. AYER was born in York County. State (jf Maine, December IS. 1809. He was the son of Aaron and Ruth Merrill .Iyer, who were both natives of Elaine, and of English origin. His father died at the age of thirty-seven years, and his mother at the age of eighty. He was reared in the State of Maine; followed the business of a carpenter in early life'; subsequently engaged in lumbering in the eastern part of Maine ; was mar- ried, in Massachusetts, in 1885, to Martha Lyon, born in Vermont August 17. ISIO. She was the daughter of Amos and Abigail Greenwood Lyon, both of English origin. They have had four chikU-en, named as follows: Sarah F., who died in 1S()0: Lucy M.. wife of Adrian D. Taylor, of Bruce: Charles M. ; and AbbieL., wife of Daniel McCoy. Mr. Ayer came to Michigan in 1852 and engaged in lumbering, managing ihe business in the woods, and became part owner of a mill in Detroit. At the age of sixty-eight, he retired from active business. He cast his lu-st Presidential vote for Gen. Andi-ew Jackson, but joined the Republicans when that party was organized. He has been connected with the First and Citizens' National Banks in the village of Romeo since their organization. JOSEPH AYRES was born in Dover, Morris Co., N. Y.. November 18, 1812. He is the second son of William Ayres and Abigail Lewis, natives of New Jersey. Mr. Ayres grew to manhood in his native State. He learned the boot and shoe trade in Orange, Essex Co., N. Y., receiving but a limited education. At the age of twenty-one, he en- gaged in the boot and shoe business in the city of New York. Six yeai's after, he removed rnr >L ^1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. to Michigan, locating in the valley of Romeo, Macomb County, leaving his native State, New York, on the 17th of June, 1841, and arriving in Romeo July 17, after a month's travel. In the fall of the year 1841, he engaged in the boot and shoe business at Romeo. A few years later, he combined harness-making with his other business. In 1S45, he added a small farm, located near the village, which ho has managed in connection with his business in the village. He has been prosperous the most of the time, but, owing to a disposition to assist friends, has met with serious losses that have crippled him much. He has always been ready to lend his aid to every movement that was calculated to elevate society in the church and outsid^) of it. He was engaged a few years, in company with other parties, as an iron manufacturer; conducted a fm'nace and made castings of all kinds. He was " Free-Soil "' in political principles when he came to Michigan, and has been identified with the Republicans since the organization of the pai'ty. He has served his generation as Sujiervisor in the aggregate twenty-live years; has also been Village As sessor and member of the corporation. He was married, in New Jersey, to Elizabeth Thompson, a native of Morris County, who died August '28, 1845, and left two children, both of whom are dead. September IS. 185(*, he was again married, to Miss Elizabeth H. Sutton, of Sussex County. N. J. They have two children living at Detroit — Josephs., practicing law, and Augusta, wife of P. A. Billings. In 1S56, when the business portion of the village was nearly destroyed by tii-e, Mr. Ayres suffered the loss of a double frame three-story building. The brick structure now occupied by him was erected by Sutton & Ayres in 18(57. WILLIAM T. BADGER was born at Albui-gh. Grand Isle Co.,, Vt.. June VI, \H2:i. His parents, James and Eleanor (Manning) Badger, were natives of the same place. His father died in 181)1; his mother is now living in Vermont, where he was brought up. In 1850, he went to Norwalk. Ohio, where he remained a year, and came to Romeo in 1851. He learned the business of painter, which he has made the vocation of his life. He has seen Romeo grow fi'om its wild state to its present prosperity. Mr. Badger was married to Asenath Hill, a native of Vermont. She died at Romeo. They became the parents of five children, foiu' of whom are living and married. The eldest son. Willard, died; the second, William Anson, I'esides at Detroit; Sanford is in the boot and shoe business with J. L. Benjamin; Sarah Jane and Georgiana live at Romeo. Mr. Badger was married again, to Mrs. Sophia McKinsey, a native of Scotland, where she was reared. Mi\ Badger cast his first Presidential vote for James Buchanan, and has always been a Democrat. ASAHEL BAILEY was born January 29, 1789, in Haddam. Conn. He was the son of Stephen and Lydia Freeman Bailey. His grandparents were Stephen and Eunice Crooks Bai- ley, the latter of Scotch origin. Stephen was the name of four paternal ancestors in a direct line. The family came from England. Mr. Bailey had three sisters and two brothers. His parents were Presbyterians in early life, but became communicants in the Protestant Episco- pal Church. Mr. Bailey was a churchman, and studied with Rev. Alanson W^elton, with the intention of applying for holy orders; but his health failed from a life of inactivity, and he engaged in manufacturing, teaching at intervals, and later became a farmer. He mar- ried his cousin, Cynthia Freeman, at Richmond, N. Y., in 1819, Elder Wright, a Method- ist Episcopal preacher, officiating. Mrs. Bailey was the daughter of Joseph and Sylvia Newman Freeman, and was Welsh by maternal descent. The Freemans came from En- gland to Caj)e Coil, and thence to Chatham, Conn. The parents of Joseph were Moses and Susan Brooks Freeman. His father was a sea captain; was lost with his vessel and crew when his soq was a child. The only trace of the wreck was a blanket marked with his name. Mrs. Bailey was born in Berkshire, Vt., September IS. 1798. Her parents were ^Methodists. She was a member of the Episcopal Church. Mi*, and Mrs. Bailey came from Richmond, N. Y., in 1821, to the Territory of Michigan. They crossed Lake -^ — »W " .. .^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Erie in the Walk-in-the-Water, the first steamer on the lake. They reached Detroit Sep- tember 14, and started from there in a small boat, intending to reach Mt. Clemens, then a small French settlement, that day, bnt their boat sprang a leak, and, after vain efforts to bail out the water, they calked the boat with their handkerchiefs. They lost so much time that all hope of reaching their destination died out. The sun was low when they discov- ered a log house in the woods and landed. They met with faint welcome from the French settlers, who had but slight knowledge of English. The man of the house was absent, and the woman refused to prepare them supper, saying: ■" Cook you own vit for you own peep,'" and no offer of money could change the decision. In the morning, Mr. Bailey tried in vain to induce the man to carry his wife, sister and baggage four miles to Mt. Clemens. While deliberating. Judge Clemens rode up. Mr. Bailey had become ac- quainted with him during prospecting the previous spring. He directed Latisau, the Frenchman, to accept the offered reward for the required service, and sent the party to his house, and they set out in an ox-cart, the proprietor running beside his team, which he ui-ged into a run. It was a fearful joiu-ney, and one of great fatigue, but they remained at Judge Clemens' until they were well rested, when they procured horses and a wagon and set out for their final destination. They had to make a road many times, and there was one of the worst of Michigan mud-holes on the route. When near it, they met Mayor Cook, of Detroit. He was on horseback, and rode back to see them through it in safety. He insisted on adding his horse to their team, though Mr. Bailey feared that the beast would lie down. As they made the venture, Mr. Cook shouted, '' Lick them, Bailey! lick them! " and Mr. Bailey obeyed the high authority, and the horse lay down and rolled over: but they finally made their way through, and reached Town 4, now A^'ashington, in safety, where a few persons had already settled, and they remained until January, 1822. Jere- miah Allen had made some improvements in Town 5, now Bruce, and, becoming discoui-- aged. was anxious to dispose of his acquisitions- — an ivutinished log house and an unstoned well. Mr. Bailey offered him iSoO in boots and shoes, which was gladly accepted. Mr. Bailey completed the building, and, in January, 1822, took possession, with his wife and their new daughter, born December 1 'J, 1821, of their new home in Indian Village, then the only dwelling in what is now Romeo. The Hoxies came eleven mouths later. Mr. Bail- ey's house was the home of all travelers, without compensation, as he was so desirous of promoting the growth of Indian Village. He and his family became fast fi-iends with the Indians, who trusted "Asa Billy" implicitly, ili'. Bailey went twice a year to Detroit for letters, paying 25 cents postage on each, and Pontiac was the nearest milling place. They exchanged equal measure of supplies with the Indians for blackberries, whortleber- ries and cranberries, which were abundant, and, as soon as practicable, a place was pre- pared for an apple orchard. Sickness had attacked the family, and Mr. Bailey, hardly able to ride, drove his ox team to Mt. Clemens, procm-ed apple trees at 25 cents each, small and closely trimmed by sheep, but gladly acquired, and he and his wife set them out in the rain, jn what is now the north side of East St. Clair street. Afterward, they set out another orchard on the west side of Main street. Mi-. Bailey sm-veyed the first public roads in Macomb County, i-unning to Mt. Clemens and St. Clair. He was paid in county orders, good only for tax-paying. In 1S:i2, the village of Romeo was surveyed by John B. Hol- lister, and platted by Mr. Bailey and N. T. Taylor. When the (pxestion of building a meeting-house came before the community, Mr. Bailey gave the Congregational society a suitable site, and on it have been built their houses of worship. The first schoolhouse was built on-land given by Mr. Bailey, and it is the present location of the North Primary Grade of the Union School. He was one of the first School Inspectors of the township of Bruce. In Februaiy, 18:^7, Mi-. Bailey sold his farm in Romeo and bought a tract of new land, which he called Goshen, and is now Berlin Township, but the parties failed in their ^1 k. agreement, and. much to the satisfaction of the family, they returned to their old home at the end of three months. Mr. Bailey obtained the lumber for his first frame house by long and repeated journeys to tlie north woods, with his oxen, for logs. It was finished in the fall of ISSri. Their third dwelling, at the south end of the village, was completed in 185iS, and occupied by the family January 1, 1S59. It is now the residence of the daughters who survive. Mr. and ilrs. Bailey had seven children — Prudence Cynthia, Maria Matilda, Stephen, Lois Curtis, Newman, Lydia and Phebe Jane. Newman died in infancy: Prudence died April 17, 1S7'2; Stephen maiTied Isabella Harriet Davis, of Jamestown, N. Y., at Strawberry Point. Clayton Co., Iowa, December HI, 1^56. He was engaged in fanning for a time in Iowa, and afterward in mercantile business, and, in Mai'ch, liS(U(, went to Pike's Peak, returning in December following to Romeo. They had two children — Edith Maud and Clai-a Marinda. The latter died March 11, 18S1. Mrs. Isabella Bailey died April IB, lySl. Mr. A. Bailey died at Romeo January 27, 1862, and was biiried on his birthday, Januaiy 29. Mrs. Bailey smvived her husband more than nineteen years. H(>r death occurred Ji;ly 4, 1881. CHAUNCEY B.4.ILEY was born February 28. I7U7, in Connecticut; was the son of Edward Bailey and the grandson of Stephen and Eunice Crooks Bailey. His mother died when he was young, and the childi'eu, ('hauncey, Eliphalet and Harriet, were separated. Chauncey was married to Amanda Freeman, sister of Mrs. Asahel Bailey, December 25, 182(1, at Richmond, N. Y. She was born March 18, 1808, at Berkshire, Vt. : was a mem- ber of the M. E. Church. They accompanied the Baileys to Michigan in 1821. nnd lived some time with them, and later located about one mile north and west of the Indian Vil- lage. Their daiighter was born February 27, 1822, in the tii'st dwelling in Bruce: was the first white child born in that township. Mi-. Bailey sold his first location and took Tip land farther east, near the location of the Farrar saw-mill. After several changes, they removed to Iowa, and afterward to Fairmont, Martin Co., Minn., where Mi-. Bailey died in February, 1880. Mrs. Bailey is still living. They had five childi-en, tiiree of whom sm'vive. JOHN L. BENJAMIN was born December 8, 1827, in the State of New York. Sara- toga County, son of Seth and Sarah Watkins Benjamin, of same place; came to Michigan in J\ine, 1831, and to Romeo in December, 1S48; commenced in the gi'ocery trade June, 1849: was married to Jane A. Lufkin, of Mt. Clemens, December IB, 1850. They had a family of nine children- -Arthur H., born April 7, 1852; Florence A., born September IB, lN5;idied January 24, 187(); Varnum L., born May >i. 1855, died May 20, 1872: Jenney L. . born August 10, 1858. died December 18, 18(58; Frank C. born June N. lSfi7; J. L., born September 2B, 1869; Ira H,, born July 22, 1871; Monta, born August 17, 1872, died September 21, 1872; Emley S., born January 24, 187(5. John L. Benjamin moved one mile south of Romeo in April, 1875, and there made for himself, family and friends, a lasting monument in the way of fish ponds and other improvements. He has always been a trxie friend to the poor and all laboring classes, a true Union Democrat of the old Jackson stamp: never took much stock in priests or their selfish schemes to get a fat liv- ing out of others' hai'd earnings. He believes in but one God of love and justice, from whom all good comes. He believes by his true record he must stand or fall. A God of just- ice demands that we must suffer for all laws broken, natural or spiritual, here and here- after. He is a true believer in a future, and that man never dies, and so let it be recorded. JESSE BISHOP was born May 24, 1S08, at Pittstown. now Richmoud,^ Ontario Co.. N. Y. He is the son of Isaac and Lucinda Short Bishop. The former was born in Blandford, Conn. ; the latter was a native of Massachusetts. His father was a farmer, and pursued that vocation all his life. He died Sejttember 9. 1S58, at Canada, Ontario Co., N. Y. His mother died January 4, 1859, in Portage, Livingston Co.. N. Y. Mr. Bishop, "SrV HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. of this sketcli. lived on bis father's farm in Ontario County until he was nineteen yeai's old, wHen he set out to make his own way in life. September 4. 1S"25. he was married to Abigail Fox, a native of Ontario County, N. Y. He bought a small place near his father and went to work as a carpenter, where he remained tmtil he came to Michigan. June 7. ISril, he left Ontario County for the West by wagon to Pittsford, thence by canal to Buflalo, where he took passage on the Henry Clay for Detroit. Fi-om there he went by wagon, following the trail to Troy, Oakland County, arriving June 14. June 18, he bought 1()0 acres of land in Bruce. It was in its primeval condition, and Mr. Bishop invaded the wilderness with his eS'ective as. cut down trees, cleared the land and built a house. In 1852, he sold the place and bought a small one three miles northeast of Romeo, where he remained until his wife's death, July 9, lHi\2. She left nine childi-en. three of whom are dead. On the death of his wife, he sold his place and returned to New York on a visit. He was married at Dansville, November 15, 1865, to Rhoda F. Southwick, of Richmond, Ontario Co., N. Y'^. He bought a grist-mill, in company with his brother, in Argentine. Genesee Co.. Mich., which he operated a year and then sold out. He bought his present property, corner of Bailey and Lafayette streets. Romeo, where his second wife died November '21. 18fi9. He was married. May 24. 1870, to Susan H. Webster, a native of Ray, Macomb County. Her father, Mai. Webster, is an old pioneer of that town. Mr. Bishop cast his fii-st vote in New Y'ork for Andi-ew Jackson, but was a Whig, and remained in the Whig party until the organization of the Republican [larty. Mr. Bishop was a radical temperance man, which, in those days, was a much more venture- some matter than now. Such an event as a raising without whisky was one to arrest and hold in abeyance nearly every consideration, exclusive of one of life and death, and Mr. Bishop believed that it could be done, and in 1882, he engineered such an enterprise on the farm of W. F. Abbott, just east of the village. The general invitation there was re- sponded to, even though the conditions were understood, and the thing'was accomplished. Mr. Bishop is in his seventy-ninth year, in good general health, though obliged to walk with a cane on account of an injiu-y received by a fall October 2, 1871t. JOHN H. BRABB, son of Isaac and Hannah Hudson Brabb, was born in Yorkshire, England, November 5, 1820: his jjarents came to America when ten years old, making the route via Quebec to Detroit, where they remained for a few weeks and then settled in Oakland County, on the old Sheldon farm, near Rochester. They made the joiu-ney be- fore there was any direct highway to that point, via what was called the old Crook road. The wolves gave nightly expressions of their opinions upon the invasion of the intruders, and necessitated extra precautions for the protection of calves and pigs. Dm'iug their residence there, Govs. Cass, Porter and Mason were entertained at the hospitable pioneer home. Fom' years later, in l'S84, they settled in Washington Township, on a farm which is still retained in the family. Mr. Brabb was married, November 12, 184H, to Sarah A., daughter of Marvil Shaw, an early pioneer of the county, and soon after this event set- tled upon a farm in Bruce, where he remained for fourteen years, which resulted in his being the o\vner of several fanns in the neighborhood. In 1857, he came to Romeo, and for eight years handled gi'ain, wool, pork and other i:>i-oduce with reasonable success, dis- continuing about the close of the war. He has been Dii-ector of the First National Bank for the past twelve years and has officiated as its Vice President for six years. He is Di- rector in the Detroit Union Iron Company, and is one of the heaviest financial operators in this section. His only son, M. I. Brabb. is also a Director in the First National Bank and negotiates loans extensively. Mi*. B. is a Democrat, with much iiitiuence in political circles. His integrity in his business transactions has insured him a well-deserved popu- larity in the commercial communitv. COLLINS BRADLEY was born Januarv 19. INOS, in Bennin.rton Coimtv. Yt. He sff ^ 648 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. is the son of Ethan Allen and Ghristiany Wood Bradley; his paternal grandfather, Lem- uel Bradley, was born in llytO, and was a Captain in the Federal army and fought in the battle of Bennington, Vt. ; he died in 1800. Ethan Allen Bradley was born in 1774; lived in Vermont and served several terms in the Legislature of that State, dying in IN-tS. Mr. Bradley of this sketch lived in his native county until the age of twenty, when he went to Auburn, N. Y., where he remained for eight years; five years of this time, from 1882 to 1886, he was engaged in the importing and mauufactiu'ing house of P. Hayden & Co., and, from 1886 to 1888, with the Hon. W. H. Seward, as cashier and general book-keeper in the land office, located at Westtield, Chautauqua Co.. N. Y.; from 1888 to 1840, he was employed in the same business with P. Hayden & Co., at Columbus, Ohio: in 1840, he opened a branch house in Detroit. Mich., as a partner with P. Hayden & Co; in 1846, he came to Macomb County and located a farm, partly in Bruce and partly in Washington, where he lived for twenty-seven years. During his stay at Detroit and on the farm, he entertained Mi'. Seward as his guest on two occasions. Mr. Seward spent one night at his house while he was United States Senator. Mr. B. was married, in 1886, at Auburn, N. Y., to Julieite E. White, who was born January 11, 1811, at Canaan, Conn.; they had live childi-en — Helen, born in 1887, lived two years and died, lS8'.t, at Columbus, Ohio; Henry W. was born 1889, and Charles C. in l840; Alice M., in 1846, and Francis H.,in 1849. Henry and Charles are partners in an extensive tobacco business in Romeo, Mich. In 1850, Mr. Bradley and wife united with the Baptist Church, at Mt. Vernon, and, in 1878, took letters and unite 1 with the Baptist Church in Romeo; they moved to Romeo in 1878, and located on Pleasant street, where they now live. ALEX. A. BRIGGS, proprietor of the American House, was born at Colchester, Canada West, November 27, l841; he purchased the principal hotel building at Romeo, November 18, 1878, and has since that time made Michigan his home; his hotel is noticed in the history of Romeo. He moved to Detroit in 1853, and made that his home until he moved to Romeo. DANIEL B. BRIGGS, P. O. Romeo, was born at Adams. Berkshire County, Mass.. February 18, 1829; his parents were natives of the same State; after pm-suing for some years an academic coiu-se of study, he entered Williams College, Mass., in 1844, from which he graduated in 1848; he immediately commenced the study of law, and was ad- mitted in 1850 to practice in the com-ts of the commonwealth. About the close of that year, his native town established, in compliance with the Legislative enactment, a free high school, and Mr. Briggs was chosen to the Priucipalship, which position he held for thi-ee years. During this time, he also did service as a member of the School Committee of the town. In March, 1854, he removed to Detroit, and, in the month of May follow- ing, located at Romeo, Macomb County, Mich., and entered upon the practice of law. The following year, he became Principal of the Dickinson Institute — formerly a branch of the State University — located at that place, and was connected with that institution for three years. During the years 1858, 1859 and 1860, he held the position of Superintend- ent of Public Schools in the citv of Ann Arbor; from thence he removed to Jackson, where he held a similar position for five years. On leaving school work in the summer of 1865, he returned to Macomb County and engaged in farming. During the Legislative session of 1867, he acted as Clerk of the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives, and, in the month of .4pril of that year, was elected County Superintendent of Schools for Macomb County and, on the 1st of May following, he entered upon the duties of that office, in which he served four years. During his last official term, he was made President of the State Association of County Superintendents of Schools. He was Director of the Romeo Union School District for eight years, and, for about the same length of time, was Secretary of the County Agricultural Society; he also had charge of the public schools of "» "V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY d>^. Mt. Clemens, the county seat of Macomb County, for the school year 1871-72; in Novem- ber, 1S72, he was elected State Superintendent of Public Instruction, which office he re- tained for four years, having been re-elected at the close of his first term, in 1874. In 1879, Mr. Briggs was appointed to the office of Deputy Secretary of State, which official position he still occupies. Mr. B. cherishes the welfare of old Macomb, and during all of his absence he has never lost his residence in the county. MAETIN BUZZELL was born May 16, 1811, at Boston, Lower Canada; is the son of Daniel and Lydia (Adams) Buzzeli, the former born in New Hampshire, the latter in St. Johnsbm-y, Vt. , the tii'st white child born there; her ancestors belonged to the old Plymouth Colony of Massachusetts. The family went to Derby, Vt., soon after the birth of Mr. B. of this sketch, and, in 1 81 7, to Honeoye Falls, Monroe Co. , N. Y., where they resided until 1831, when he came to Michigan and settled at Grand Blanc, Genesee County, ili-. B. came to Romeo in July of the same year, where his parents afterward joined him; his father died at fifty-one, his mother at eighty-five, years of age. He was married, Novem- ber 4, 1832, to Clarissa T. Winchell: she died in the autumn of 1836, leaving one son— - Julius C, who married Phebe Hamlin: they buried three children in infancy. Mr. B. was married again in 1843, to Hairiet Burk: she died in 1846, and left one living son — Marcus H, who maiTied Mary Rogers; they have one child — Helen M., born February 14, 1880; one child was biuied in infancy. Mr. B. was mairied, to Julia A. Wing, April 26, 1849; four children of this marriage siuwive — Fred C, editor of the Romeo Democrat, bom July 3, 1855; Clyde H., foreman of the Romeo Observer. February 27, 1857; Ida L. and Eva R. (twins), November 2-1, 1S59; Eva is the wife of George E. Strauahan, and was mai-ried August 7, 1878, they have one son — Claude M., bom December 16, 1879; Frank M. was born March 12, 1850 and died July 16, 1876; Helen C, September 27, 1851; died March 2, 1880; Byi'on L. and Biu-ton S. (twins), born September 26, 1854; died August 7 and 17, 1855; Malcom W. , born December Kt, 1863; died March 1, 1880; he and his sister were buried in one day. Mrs. B. is a native of Missisqiioi County, Province of Quebec; on coming to Romeo, Mr. B. engaged in mercantile business as a clerk; in the fall of 1837, he went to Natchez, Miss., and was similarly employed until the fall of 1840, when he returned to this county and was on a farm a few years, in Ai'mada, remov- ing to Romeo in 1845; he was the first Town Clerk of Bruce, and, in 1861, was elected Justice of the Peace, serving two terms in Bruce; in July, 1872, he was elected to the same office fi'om Washington and has tilled the office continuously since. He is in the in- surance business, also, which he has been operating since 1861. ELISHA CALKINS, son of Hiram and Abigail (Lockwood) Calkins, was born Octo ber 1, 1816, in Cayuga County, N. Y. His father was born in Connecticut, his mother in New York. In 1825, his parents came to Michigan and settled in Washington Township, where his father located 160 acres of Government land, to which he subsequently made considerable additions; he died in June, 1875. On coming to Romeo, Mr. Calkins en- gaged about eighteen months in general merchandise, when he sold out and went to Sault Ste. Marie, and had the management of a portion of the canal construction two yeai's, after which he retm-ned to Romeo and. opened a mercantile enterprise in connection with A. McLeod, which he pursued two years. In 1861, he embarked in the drug business, selling out six years later, and' going to Detroit, engaged in the Union L'on Company, in which he still holds an interest. He was connected with Amos Palmer in the fiu-nitiu-e business, from March, 18N0. to May, 1881: he inherited Democratic principles and voted for one President in accordance with them, but, being a Radical in his views generally, he became an earnest supporter of the Republican party on its organization. He was elected Supervisor of Washington Townshijs, in 1848, and has held the office five years; has also been Village Trustee. In 1850, he engaged in lumbering in Lapeer County, where he 40 » ^ -^ HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. continued two years. In the spring of 1(S88, he was married to Caroline Wales (born in Lower Canada), who died in 1852: from this marriage there were three children — Horace, who died when two years old; Orpha and Abigail, both deceased. Mr. Calkins was juar- I'ied again, in the spring of 1854. to Eliza Wales, sister of his first wife: they have one child — Cora G. Mr. Calkins owns village property at Romeo; also at Lnlay City, La- peer Conntv. CHARLES N. COE, jeweler, was born in Milford. Pike Co., Penn., July 28, 1848; he is the son of Charles R. and Lucetta (Wells) Coe; when he was three years old, he came with his parents to a farm two miles west of Oxford, Oakland County, they removed to Romeo two years later, where, with the exception of one year spent in the State of New York, he has since resided: he is engaged in the prosecution of the jewelry trade, on Main street; the concern was first established in 1858 in a small building on West St. Clair street, by H. P. Piper, and was removed a short time after to the present location of the restaurant of J. L. Benjamin: its second removal was to its present quarters, in Ciray's block. About that date, Mr. Piper associated Capt. Milton Thomjison with himself, and they continued in the partnership until November 26. 1873, when C. N. Coe became its pro])rietor by piu-- chase. THOMAS D. COE & CO.. ch-uggists. The drug house of Coe & Co. was established originally by a man named B. F. Castle; several years later, in 1856, it passed into the hands of Pool & Hosner. by whom it was managed until August 4, 1857. when the fii-m style became Pool. Tilson & Hubbard, by whom the business was prosecuted until early in 1860, when Mr. Hubbard retired and it became Pool & Tilson: February 20 of that year, another change was made to Pool & Calkins, and soon after, on the death of the junior partner, the concern became E. & L. Calkins; in September, 1861, Joseph Holland succeeded L. Calkins by purchase, and the firm became Calkins & Holland; September 20. 1866, another change occiu'red, and the house did business under the name of Holland & Reade; T. D. Coe & Co, succeeded lo the proprietorship, March 22. 1875; predecessors remained as silent pai'tners until the death of Holland, about a month after, since which Mr. Reade has occupied that position alone. T. D. Coe was born in Pike County, Penn., June 29, 1846: is the son of Charles R. and Lucetta (Wells) Coe; his parents moved to Michigan when he was five years of age and settled in Oakland County, on a farm, coming to Romeo two years later. Mr. C. entered the drug store of Calkins & Holland in 1861, and has been in the di'ug business ever since, finally succeeding to the proprietorship of the established and reliable house where he began to familiarize himself with the details of his life's pursuit. He was married, Februarj' 16, 1874. to Anna Washer, a native of New Jersty. Mr. Coe has a residence on Prospect street MASON COLE was born November 5, 1819, at Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y.: is the son of Nathaniel and Sally (Mason) Cole; the former was a direct descendant from the pil- grim stock of New England, and was born at Rehoboth, Bristol Co., Mass.. in 1794; his wife was born at Attleboro, Bristol Co., Mass., in 1798, also of English Puritan lin- eage. Jime 16, 1837, Mr. Cole's father set out for Michigan, accompanied by his wife and six children; the overland joiu-ney consumed eighteen days (Mr. Cole slept every night in the wagon). They located on the north line of Ray Township, where the father bought 200 acres of land and they entered ujion pioneer life, clearing away the timber and imjjroving the farm. They brought a year's provisions, consequently their first ex- periences were comparatively free from difficulties, but the next year, 1838, many hard- ships overtook them, consequent upon the large influx of emigrants, which rendered sup- plies insufficient There was money enough, but everything must be brought from De- troit and no one had time to spare. During that year, Mr. Cole sometimes wore shirts without sleeves, and subsisted on roasted corn with milk — if the cow could be found. •i*" i f- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. He was seventeen when his parents came to Michigan, and until he was twenty -one he had no opportunities for an education. After that age, he exerted himself to acquire such attainments as he foresaw he should require to become a successfiil business man. He taught school thirteen consecutive terms, in Macomb County — terms ranging from three to six months. During eighteen months of this time, he was troubled with fever and ague, and had, besides, a school of seventy pupils on his hands, but he made no stop, save for an occasional half day. The gleanings from pioneer experiences show how advantageous to the human mind is the necessity for struggle to attain, not the benefits of the world, but the discipline that prepares a man to justly estimate his own value among men. Mr. Cole studied law two years for the express purpose of managing his business intelligently. He was by heritage and training a Democrat, and, while a mem- ber of that party, was a delegate to five conventions; he adopted Free-Soil principles and eventually became a Republican, assisting in the organization of the party in Macomb County; was once delegate to the Republican State Convention, and twice a delegate to the Eighth Republican District Convention; since 1^54, he has been, with two excep- tions, a delegate to every County Convention; he has been identified with the politics of this count}' since 1840; he was School Inspector of Ray eight years, and, in 1866, was elected Justice of the Peace; was. during the time, elected Highway Commissioner, serv- ing four years; in 1879, was again elected Justice of the Peace, but resigned on coming to Romeo; he has served as juryman on occasions for thirty-five years in this county, and one term on the United States jury at Detroit. He was married, in 1847, to Charity Gamber, a native of Ontario County, N, Y. ; she died May '24, 1877, leaving two sons — Simeon G. (married Ida Parker, and resides on the farm in Ray) and William B., a grad- uate of Kalamazoo College. Mr. Cole was married a second time, January 2, 1878, to Mrs. Ann Eliza, widow of Burchard Throop; he has been Director of the Macomb and St. Clair Mutual Fire Insurance Company for two yeai's. CHESTER COOLEY was born June 19, 1817, in Cambria, Niagara Co., N. Y,; he is the son of Samuel and Polly (Dyke) Cooley; at the age of eighteen, in the fall of 1835, he settled with his parents in the town of Bruce. He was married, August 24, 1838, to Jane, daughter of Jacob Kisoe, of Ontario County, N. Y. ; by request of his father, it was arranged that the patrimonial estate should revert to him, consequently it was his home, and he cared for his father and mother through their declining years; in 1868, he left his homestead and bought his residence on Main street, north, where he has since resided; he still owns 200 acres — the old farm in Bruce, a jiart inherited fi'om his father and the rest purchased from the several heirs; also owns two farms in Ray, including 227 acres; also cedar and pine lands and village property in Romeo. He was an inherent Democrat, to which party he adhered until the rise of the Free-Soil party, and afterward became a Re- publican; they have seven children — Noah, Polly, Anna, Chester Dike, Sarah Jane, Eunice Beach and Mauley Benjamin. Samuel Cooley was born November 14, 1775, in Vermont; his father was Benjamin Cooley, a Colonel in the Revolution, and was with Ethan Allen when he demanded the surrender of Ticonderoga, in the name of the Great Jehovah and the Continental Congress; Col. Cooley was one of the first settlers in Ver- mont, from Massachusetts, and was for years a Representative in the Vermont Legislature; he was Clerk of his county,"and, being a leading member of the M. E. Chui'ch, he was foremost in holding open doors for the entertainment of the itinerancy of that body of Christians; on one occasion, when a quai'terly meeting was in session at CoL Cooley" s home, it took fire and was destroyed, the county records being preserved only through the most strenuous eiforts. Samuel Cooley was the second son; he came to Vermont, and. as soon as he was eligible, he was elected to the Legislature, and continued to serve there until 1X15, when he went to Cambria, Niagara Co., N. Y. He was married, in Vermont, .^« r- -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. October o, 1797, to Polly Dyke, born August 4, 1781 ; he followed the occupeatiou of farm- ing in New York State until the fall of 1882. when he came to Michigan and entered '■i'20 acres of land, receiving his patent of ownership from Andrew Jackson; on this farm he lived and died; he made the route to Michigan overland through Canada, bringing with him his wife and foui- sous; on the organization of the State, Mi'. C. was urged to accept a nomination as Representative in one of the first Legislatures, but he declined; he was a Democrat, acted as Assessor for Bruce for a number of years; he laid out the first road of any extent in that township; he died February 2, 1848; Mrs. C died September 10, 1888. AMOS O. CRISSMAN was born October 8, 1818, in Warren County, N. J.; his parents, Benjamin and Mary (Kern) Crissman, were both natives of New Jersey, of Ger- man descent; they settled in Washington, Macomb County, in 1880, and purchased 240 aci-es of land having some improvements, afterward adding to it until it included 600 acres; the father died in 1861, the mother in 1855; there were six sons and one daughter. The estate was inventoried at $20,000 on the father's death. Mrs. Crissman acted as the administrator. He remained on the farm until he was tweuty-eight years old; after he reached his majority, he received $110 a year, with board and clothes; he was married, in 1846, to Abigail Pettinger, a native of New York; with the money he had earned, he bought eighty-seven acres of land in Washington, which he afterward traded for a farm of 120 acres, in Brace, where he lived eighteen months. In the winter of 1868, he bought his property — six acres — in Romeo. Mr. and Mrs. Crissman have had three childi'en, one of whom died when an infant; two daughters — Mary F. and Addie L. — reside at home. Mr. Ci'issman was formerly a Whig but is now a Republican; he is one of the substantial citizens of Romeo and represents a considerable amount of property vested in mortgages, notes, etc. WILLIAM B. CUYLER, photographic artist, was born March 22, 1847, East Guil- lumbui-y. Province of Ontario, Canada; is the son of William E. and Julia A. (Purdy) Cuyler; his father was born in Vermont, June 28, 1809, his mother in New York, June 1."), ISI).-); they had seven children — three sons and four daughters. Mr. Cuyler, Sr. , died A[>ril 2>i, 1876; he was the son of John and Elizabeth (Thompson) Cuyler. Mrs. Cuyler is still living; she is the daughter of William and Philinda (Vieder) Pm-dy, of Holland extraction. 'Mr. Cuyler's paternal ancestors were of English lineage. Mi'. Cuyler of this sketch was trained to the vocation of a machinist in his native town, which he pur- sued until 1869; he came to Michigan in 1865, locating at Attica, obtaining employment at his trade; in 1869, he began the preliminaries of his profession and was under instruc- tions until 1871, when he opened business independently in his present quarters, at Ro- meo, where he has since continued. Mr. Cuyler is entitled to distinctive notice as a sci- entific empiricist in his profession, consequently his work exhibits merits of much more than ordinary pretension; he keeps pace with all modern progress in the art and is always in readiness to exhibit to his patrons the latest and best styles of pictures. He was mar- ried, April 18, 1872, to Hattie E., daughter of Eli and Catharine (Rooney) Woodrow, born in Norwich, Province of Ontario, Canada, April 15. 1858; they have three children — N. Kitty, born September 19, 1878; Mauviette, March 27, 1876; Zoe, August 8, 1881. Mr. Cuyler adheres to the principles of the Democratic faith. Mr. Woivdrow was born May 14, 1809; his wife January 31. 1807. FRANK W. DASH was born September 26, 1849, in Oxford County, Ontario, Can- ada; is the son of Charles and Louise Dash; came to the States April 28, 1868, when he came to Romeo; by occupation he is a tinsmith; learned his trade in Canada; is now foreman of the tin department of Henry Rawles' hardware establishment. June 5, 1872, Mr. Dash married Irene Washer, of Romeo; wife born January 5, 1852; she died Sep- tember 30, 1878; had one child, Carl W., born September 17, 1878. Mr. Dash married HISTOBY OF MACOMB COUNTY. for his second wife May E. Washer, sister of his first wife: were married June 10, ISSO; his wife was born November 23. 1.S53; she was the daughter of George and Isabel Wash- er, of Romeo; they have one child — Frank G., born November I'J, ISSl. Mr. Dash is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dash are members of the Baptist Church of Komeo; politically, he is a Republican. ISAAC DOUGLAS, D. D. S.. was born in Troy, Oakland Co., Mich., May 25, 1830; he is the third son of Nathan Douglas, son of Rev. Caleb Doiiglas, of New London, Conn. Nathan Douglas came from Whitestown. N. Y.. in 1824, and settled in Troy, hav- ing six mouths previously been united in marriage with Frances Smith, of Whitesboro; he located in the primal wilderness, cleared a space and built a log home, in which they lived four weeks before doors and windows could be procured. The time was made inter- esting by the screeching of owls and howling of wolves; they reared eight children to ma- turity; after the marriage of the youngest, in 1864, the farm was sold and the parents went to reside with their second son — William — in Otisoo. Ionia County, where Mr. Douglas died December 6, 1874; he and his wife celebrated their fiftieth wedding anni- versary March 8 of the same year. Mr. and Mrs. D. were two of the constituent mem- bers of the Troy Baptist Church, having been dismissed from the Pontiae Church for that purpose. Mrs. D. died at Pewamo, Ionia Co.. Mich., January 18, 1882; the ancestry of Dr. Douglas is reliably tr.iced to Deacon William Douglas, who came from Scotland in 1640, with his wife, Ann Mattie Douglas, to whom he was married in 16;-(6, at Ringstead, England; they are the ancestors of the now famous New London family, which has spread to all parts of this country; the line descends to Dr. Douglas as follows: William, Robert, Thomas, John, Caleb and Nathan; it is taken from a genealogical history of the Douglas family. Dr. D. had in early life only the advantages for education common to the sons of Michigan pioneer farmers; during his twentieth summer, he studied dentistry with his brother Caleb, who settled in Romeo at the season's close, and continued to study with him until March, 1852, and remained with him until his death, in June, 1852, and suc- ceeded to his business; he felt that he needed a knowledge of medicine of a wider scope than was to be obtained from dental books and he began to read with Dr. Wyker, of Ro- meo; in 1854, his health failed and he abandoned his profession, partly to receive medical treatment, which he did a year and one-half, under the old-school treatment, without benefit: he tested homeopathic remedies and method, and in four weeks resumed the du- ties of his profession at Romeo and commenced the study of homeopathy, under the direc- tion of Drs. Ellis & Drake, of Detroit; in the winter of 1858, he entered the college at Cleveland. Ohio; here he passed all the examinations and ranked among tbe highest in his class; he returned to Romeo in 1859. and began the practice of medicine, together with dentistry, which he continued until 1865, since which time he has confined his at- tention to dentistry as closely as circumstances would allow; since that date, he has given instruction to a number of young men in dentistry, homeopathy and allopathy, who are practicing in their professions. As a dentist. Dr. Douglas has been signally successful ; from January 1, 1866, to January 1, 1872, he put in 4.394 fillings with but seventeen re- placements within two years of the first operation; February 1, 1852, he made his first experiment in removing nerv.es and filling nerve canals in roots, with a three-rooted tooth, which was in good condition twenty-three years afterward: April 9, 1859, he exerted his skill for the first time in filling ulcerated teeth; the experiment has proved a success to this date, twenty-thi-ee years after. Dr. D. is one of the organizing members of the Michigan Dental Association, seldom tailing to attend its meetings, coutributing greatly to their interest by verbal or written discussions, or both; has occupied or declined every official position; he assisted in organizing the Michigan Homeopathic Institute, and was a member until its dissolution, in May, 1877; he was constituted a member of its sue- -Ti. ^^ -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. cesser, the Michigan Homeopathic Medical Society: in recognition of his experi- ence, reputation and as a contributor to dental science, the Ohio College of Den- tal Surgery conferred upon him, in March, 1S71, the degree of D. D. S. He con- nected himself with the Baptist Church at Troy, Oakland County, in 1S43, and at sixteen was appointed one of the church committees; in \HThi, he transferred his mem- bership to the Baptist Church in Itomeo; in 1S72, his connection with that denomination was severed, in consequence of a change of his views, and he has since united with the Congregational Church; he was Deacon of the Baptist Church seven years, and for live years was a leading member, paying from one-tenth to one-eighth of the current expenses of the society; he was Superintendent of the Mission Sabbath School, near Eomeo, seven summers, and has always been a generous contributor to Christian societies of various de- nominations, adding materially to the advancement of the same in his locality; he is known for his professional benevolence, moderating his charges to the circumstances of his patients, and rendering gratuitous services when the case requires; he is temperate in habits and a Republican in politics. He was married, October 2, IS52, to Elizabeth Clarke, a native of England, who emigrated with her parents from Bedford in 1884; they were on the ocean twenty-one weeks and were wrecked ofi' New York harbor, escaping only with their lives; Dr. and Mrs. D. have had three daiighters and one son; two daugh- ters and the son are now living. EBER J. DUDLEY, third son of Orsel Dudley, was born June 1-4, 18:30, in Wash ington, Macomb County; he received a common-school education and lived on a farm until he was twenty-one years old; after that age, he came to Romeo and attended school and afterward taught about six yeare; in 1861, he engaged in mercantile business, in Brook- hn, Ray Township, and, three years after, came to Romeo, entering the employ of John W. Dyar as clerk; after a year and a half, he formed a partnership with Joseph Newman, which relation existed nine years; in 1876, he began business where he is at present es- tablished; he has a very tine assortment of goods, selected in the best of taste as to quality and variety to suit his large trade; he deals exclusively in ladies' goods; he and Mrs. Dudley give their attention exclusively to their business, and both are highly esteemed by their customei-s. Mr. Dudley was married, November 27, 1863, to Elizabeth Warren, born in New York; they have one son — Frank W., seven years old. Mrs. Dudley's father was a Methodist minister of her native State. Politically, Mi'. Dudley is a Republican, though not very active or aggressive; he served as School Inspector of Ray, and three vears as Township Clerk of Washington. ORSEL DUDLEY (deceased) was born in EastBloomtield, N. Y, March 24, 1800; came to Macomb County in May, 1S8(), and settled in Washington; he was married, May 30, 1822, in New York, to Lucinda Jones, a native of Pompey, Onondaga Co., N Y. ; she now lives with her son, aged eighty. Mr. Dudley had small opportunities for education, but he had a passion for books, and acquired a liberal education thi'ough reading; he lo- cated 168 acres of Government laud, which he sold afterwai'd and bought eighty; there were five childi'en, four of whom are now living; their record is as follows: Jerome, de- ceased; Olive, living in Wasliington; Eber (see sketch); Leonai'd, residing in Mason, Ing- ham County; Yelora, wife of James Gass, of Ray. Mr. Dudley was a man of equable temperament, which made his judgment valuable to his friends; a strong advocate of temperance, interested actively in politics, leaving the Democratic for the Republican party when slavery became an issue; he died suddenly of apoplexy, January 18, 1880. EDWARD R. EATON was born December 1, 1828, in Union, Tolland Co., Conn.; he is the son of William and Fannie Sessions Eaton; his father was born September 16, 17U3; his mother August 14, 1795; the former came to Michigan in February, 1836, and bought eighty acres of land in Washington preparatory to establishing a home for his family, rnr i^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. consisting of his wife, live daughters and two sons, who followed, July 8, 1836; the par- ents lived on the farm until their deaths, the father dying in 1861 and the mother in 1875. Ml'. Eaton remained with his father until he was twenty years old. when he en- gaged as a farm hand until April 8, 1856, when he was married to Harriet Nichols, of Macomb, Macomb County; he bought a farm of eighty acres iu Macomb, where he lived seven years and cleared nearly the whole of it, when, iu 1S63, he sold out and bought a farm of 140 acres in Washington, which he has increased l)y pui'chase to 215 acres; in the fall of 1881, he removed to Romeo. Mr. and Mi's. Eaton have had foui- children — a daughter, Fidelia, died in February, 1864, nearly two years old; Van W., is married and managing his father's farm; Fannie is married, and William lives at home. Until 1861, Ml-. Eaton was a Democrat, and has since voted the Republican ticket; he was Constable and Justice of the Peace in Macomb County. SAMUEL HOLBROOK EWELL was born January :}, 18 IU, at Middlebmy, Wyo- ming Co., N. Y. ; his parents, Samuel and Nancy (Hoyt) Ewell, were both natives of Mas- sachusetts, the former born at Norwich, Hampshire County, March 22, 177U, Scotch par- entage, the latter at New Braintree, Worcester County, of Welsh extraction; in 1802, Samuel Ewell and his brother Henry moved te the •'Holland Purchase," now the town- ship of Middlebury, Wyoming County, and were the iii'st two of the settlers in the dis- trict who paid for their pre-emption of 160 acres from the products of the land. Mr. E. was married, in 1806, in Chesterfield, Mass., to Nancy Hoyt, and moved to Middlebiuy the same year; he came to Michigan in 1836, and died at Romeo June 16, 1842, and his wife died September 4, 1873, in the ninety-third year of her age; both were baptized and united with the West Baptist Church, in Middlebmy, July, 1818, a membership which lasted all their lives; they were the parents of nine childi'en, whose record is as follows: Apphia died at Alexandi'ia, N. Y., aged seventy-one: Laura died at Adi-ian, Mich., Febra- ary \>. 1881, aged seventy-two; Sophronia, Widow Mix, lives at Aurora, 111.; Samuel H. has lived at Romeo since May 28, 1836; Aaron Hall resides in Dakota; Jane Hoyt is the wife of Dr. J. Avery, of Greenville, Mich.; Nancy, Alvina and Sophia reside at Romeo; Loranie died at three months old. 'Mr. E. of this sketch came to Michigan with his par- ents at the age of seventeen; he attended the high school three winters, and afterward worked at the cabinet-maker's trade three years, with the Messrs. Palmer; in IS'43, he commenced working on his father's farm, near the village, where he remained until 1857; he spent thiee and one-half years in a grist-mill, and, in 1S60, went to Pike's Peak; re- tui'ned and purchased the Romeo Argus; a year after, it was biu-ned, with no insurance; he went to work in a wagon-shop, where he remained three years, and, in LSGU, iu com- pany with Irvin D. Hanscom, purchased the Romeo Obserner, and they continued its publication until 1874; in 1877, he built a grist-mill on the corner of St. Clair and Bailey streets, where he has since operated; he was married, in December, 1S43, to Lucinda Wilcox, who died in July, 1845; in September, 1857, he was married to Cordelia, daugh- ter of John Smith, of Almout; they have one daughter — Leoua, burn April 1, 1S60; she is a young lady of scholarly attainments and graduated with honor at the normal school in June, 1881; a son, vSamuel Leon, born November 1, 1870, is pursuing his studies at Ro- meo. Mr. E. was in old times a Whig and became an active and aggressive Republican; in 1863, he was enrolling officer for the t<^wnship of Bruce, and has been a member of the Board of Village Trustees several terms; until the age of thirty-five, he was liberal iu his religious views, and at that time became a Spiritualist; in temperament, he is social and genial and inspires those whom he meets with a feeling of ease and confidence; he owns village property and a small farm within the corjioration line, which he manages himself; in temperance, he is a radical, using neither whisky, tobacco, tea, coftee or other stimulants. SEAMON FILLMORE (deceased) was born February 11, 17UU, in Genesee County, ,^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. N. Y. ; was the son of John and Ada (Simmons) Fillmore, the former of Irish descent, the latter of Scotch lineage; he came to Michigan in September, 1832. and located in Ray. Macomb County, taking np two eighty- acre tracts of Government land on the line between Ray and Armada; it was all dense forest and Mr. Fillmore entered resolutely at oucc upon the self-imposed duties of the pioneer, clearing away the timber, improving the land and making every preparation for the support and comfort of his family: this, at that time, included his wife and three children, which number increased to nine; all sur- vive but two. Mr. Fillmore was married, to Philinda Ashley, in New York, February 16, 1828; she was born September 10, 1S06, and is still living at Romeo, corner of Bailey and Washington streets. Mr. Fillmore was a Whig, but took only a moderate interest in politics; he died October 2. 184H. aged fortv-five vears. CHARLES FILLMORE was born September 14, 1830, in. Genesee County, N. Y.; is the son of Seamon and Philinda (Ashley) Fillmore; when he was two years old, his parents settled in Ray, Macomb County, where he remained on the homestead farm until twenty-one years of age, when he set out for his single-handed struggle with the world. In 1856, he took charge of the Selleck Hotel, at Armada Corners, then a popular and prominent resort on account of location; he managed the house two years, and, diu-ing the time, November U, 1857, was married to Hannah Lyons, a native of Canada; he en- listed in the civil war, in 1861, in Company A, Ninth Michigan Infantry, as a musician. The regiment was ordered to West Point. Ky., where it was stationed during the winter; in the spring of 1862, it was transferred to Murfreesboro, Tenn. ; he was there appointed Drum Major of the band and held music; July 12. 1862, he was captiu-ed at Murfrees- boro, and was soon after paroled, and was discharged about the 1st of August after for sickness and disability; he returned to Romeo and engaged with George Washer in the manufacture of boots and shoes, where he remained nearly nine years. Politically, Mr. Fillmore is a Democrat; he was appointed Deputy Sheriff of Macomb County in 1873, and held the position six years; in March, 1876, he was elected Marshal of Romeo, and continues to discharge the duties of the office, in connection with which he is acting as Constable, a position he has tilled at different times since attaining his majority. Mr. and Mrs. Fillmore have had four children, three of whom — all sons — they have lost; a daughter. Julia, still survives. STEPHEN H. FITCH was born July 17, 1807, at Kinderhook. Columbia Co.,N. Y.; his parents, Abel and Patty (Barnard) Fitch, were both natives of Connecfticut, of English descent; at sixteen, he went to Victor, Ontario Co., N. Y., and, at the age of twenty-one, went to Cattaraugus County, where he remained three years; he came to Michigan in 1831, and settled in that part of Washington which is now included in Bruce; previous to coming, he bought eighty acres of land, but. on seeing it. was disappointed, sold it and bought another farm of eighty acres, three miles north of Romeo, adding forty acres by purchase afterward; in April. 1864, he bought his present property at Romeo, including six and one-fourth acres, and moved into the village; in 1868. he located a farm in Jack- son County, Ala., where he built a house and moved his family; he spent about live years there preparing a home for his family, who were with him two years; in 1873. they re- turned to Romeo. He was married, in July, 1831. to Louisa Collins, of Erie County, N. Y. ; she died in 1844. leaving three of four children living — Martha. Henry C. and Ste- phen. Mr. Fitch was man-ied again, in 1847. to Julia Chamberlain, a native of Dela- ware County. N. Y. ; they had one son — George B. Mr. Fitch cast his first Presidential vote for Andrew Jackson, and has always belonged to the same party; he was Assessor in Bruce in 1836, and elected Justice of the Peace afterward. WILLIAM V,'. GIBBS was born December 21, 1824. in Livonia. Livingston Co., N. Y. : his parents, David and Ruth (Woodruff) Gibbs, were both of English descent; his J4V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. father was born iu Massachusetts, his mother in Connecticut, where they were married; they moved to Chenango County. N. Y. , and afterward to Livingston County; they had twelve children, one of whom died at the age of two years: the rest lived to mature years; the father was a carpenter and died, in lS;-!5. from lockjaw, caused by a pistol-shot in the foot: the mother died in 1841. Mr. Gibbs remained at home until his mother's death when he was sixteen years old: he worked about eight years at gunsmithing, and then began studying as a portrait painter and came to Michigan, in 1S4U, locating at Kalama- zoo, where he remained until June 6. 1!S52. at which date he came to Armada: January 1, 185H. he came to Romeo and has folloived his profession since, acquiring considerable celebrity both as a portrait and landscape painter. Mr. Gibbs" sketches and studies in color exhibit him as an artist of legitimate genius and taste, and one who fully merits all the success and fame he has won. He was married, in September, 1867, to Jane, daugh- ter of Oliver A. and Eliza Jane Lewis, of Dryden, Lapeer Co., Mich.: she was born in that town: they have one son — Willie — aged ten years; they lost a daughter — Alice — when twenty months old. Mr. G. has been a Republican since the formation of the party; he has been a resident of the county for many years and an interested witness of its growth and development. Some of the original paintings of Mr. G. that may be referred to are the portraits of Henry Stephens and Miss Jennie Mellens, of Romeo; J. Henry AVhitte- more, wife and child, and Miss Jessie Fox, of Detroit; family group of John Mellens: ideal sunset in the mountains, owned by Mr. Stephens, Jr,, Romeo; hunters' camp in the pine plains in Crawford County, Mich., and moonlight on the ocean, owned by George H. Waterbury. EDWIN W. GIDDINGS was born June 11, 1815, at Preston, New London Co., Conn. : is the son of Jabez W. and Lydia (Alden) Giddings; his parents were of English descent; his mother was born in Stafford, Tolland Co., Conn.; thej' removed, in 1880, to Hartford, Conn., where Mr. Giddings passed the succeeding four years on a farm, with limited advantages for obtaining an education. He was married, October 18, 1840, to Martha S. Makepeace, of Brookfield, Mass., who died June 16, 1841. Mi-. Giddings was married, November 28, 1848, to Mercy A. Leach, of Honeoye Falls, N. Y. ; they had two sons and foiu- daughters. Mrs. Giddings died, November 22, 1866. In November, 1888, Mr. Giddings came to Michigan, with Nathan Dickinson, a merchant of Romeo, and an extensive owner of pine lands; they formed a partnership January 1, 188U, under the style of M. Dickinson & Co., a relation which existed imtil the death of Mr. Dickinson, in 1859; after that event. Mr. Giddings continued in the mercantile business with his sons and others until 1874; on the organization of the First National Bank, he was elected Vice President, and, on the death of Neal Gray, in 1868, was elected President: in 1870, he organized a banking house under the name of Giddings & Moore, resigning his po- sition in the First National Bank; in 1874, Giddings & Moore re-organized as the Citi- zens' National Bank, with Mr. Giddings as President, a position he still retains: August 80. 1878, be was appointed a member of the Constitutional Commission under the joint resolution of the Legislature, approved April 24, 1878, Mr. Giddings became a member of the Congregational Church in Hartford, Conn., and, in 1889, connected himself with that society in Romeo. M. A. GIDDINGS was born at Preston. Conn., May 24, 1824; he is the son of Jabez W. and Lydia (Alden) Giddings, natives of Connecticut. In 1830 his father removed his family to Hartford Conn., where he remained iintil 1846, when Mr. G. settled at Romeo and opened mercantile transactions on a limited scale. Persistent at- tention to business and careful management have extended his relations and rendered them successful. He commenced operations in an old building previously occupied bv J. S, Jenness, and was associated for several vears with H. O. Smith: afterward 658 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the firm style became M. A. Giddings & Co.; in 1856, their new frame building, together with a considerable portion of the business houses of Eomeo, was destroyed by fire, when the brick block now occupied by the company was erected. IVL A. Giddings & Co. became Giddings, Mussey & Co., and afterward, succeeded by M. A. <& A. Giddings; this connec- tion continued for seven years, and, in ISIjU, the present house of Giddings, Rowley & Co. was established; it is one of the strongest business firms in the place; on the organiza- tion of the First National Bank, in the fall of 1S68, Mr G. was one of the original incor- porators and is one of the Directors; he was elected President in 1871, which position he still fills; he also owns stock in the Union Iron Company, of Detroit; he was a stanch Whig and became a Republican in later days, and has since been deeply interested in all the i.ssues of politics; in ISGG, he was elected President of Romeo, and afterward served for one term as Trustee; he has been a member of the School Board for six years; acted as its chief officer two years; he united with the Congregational Church soon after mov- ing here, and has been Sunday School Superintendent for thirteen years; he was married, in 1855, to Cai'oline. daughter of Jacob Beekman, a pioneer of the county; they have one son and two daughters. DR. WILLIAM GREENSHILDS, of Romeo, was born in the parish of Canui- chael, Lauai'kshire, Scotland, April 1, 1886; he received a thorough preparatory education in the schools of Lesmahagow and entered the University of Glasgow in 1852, and re- mained there as a student until 1S5U. then took his diploma from the faculty of physicians and surgeons of Glasgow, after a rigid examination, in April, 1859; immediately there- after, commenced the practice of medicine in the town of Douglas, in the parish of his birth; receiving the appointment of surgeon to Riggside & Gillespin Coal AVorks, which position he filled for five years, besides having a large private practice; in the month of March, 1864, he emigrated to America, settling in the village of Romeo, and established himself in the practice of his profession, in which he has since continued to the present time; for four years, he was the Secretary and Treasurer of the N. E. District Medical and Scientific Association; he is a jnember of the American Medical Association and health officer of Bruce Township for many years; he is a member of the A., F. & A. M. and Royal Arch and Knight Templar; he is examining smgeon for several insurance com- panies and enjoys an extensive general practice; he is a careful physician and a surgeon of more than ordinary skill. He was married, February 21, 1866, to Mary, oldest daugh- ter of Robert McKay, of Bruce Township; she was born in Brace February 1, 1845; their children are: John, born December H, 18(56; Jennie G., born May ■^, 1870; Robert McK., April 2S, 1878. Dr. G."s father was born in Scotland, in June. 171(8, emigrated to America in 1866, located on the Carpenter farm, in Orion Township, Oakland County, where he still resides; he has a family of five children, of whom the Doctor is the fourth. IRVING DUANE HANSCOM was bom in Shelby, Macomb Co., Mich., June 80, 1S4(); he is the son of George and Sarah (Van Bruudt) Hanscom; his father was born in Gorham, Me., in 17'J6; his mother was a native of the Empire State, of Dutch extraction, her parents being natives of Amsterdam, Holland. Mr. H.'s parents came to Macomb County in 1820, and took up 160 acres of land in Shelby, on Sections 8 and 4, which was the homestead until their father's death, in June, 1N55; the mother survived more than twenty years and died at the age of eighty-four; they had five sons and two daughters. Alfred H. Hanscom, the eldest son, was a lawyer and politician of considerable promi- nence. In 1S42, he was a member of the Michigan Legislatui-e. and, in January of that year, was elected Speaker of the House; he was then twenty-two years old; in 1850. he was a member of the Constitutional Convention, and, at the time of his death, in 1859, he was United States District Attorney for the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Andrew J. Hanscom is also a lawyer, and resides at Omaha, Neb. ; he was Speaker of the first t^ la ^ ^^ V£ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. House of Representatives in the Territory of Nebraska. Mr. Hanscom of this sketch was the youngest; he was sent to Detroit to school at eight years of age, where he remained for three years; he subsequently attended the high school at Disco, Prof. A. M. Keeler; the Dickinson Institute, at Romeo, Prof. Isaac Stone, and Dr. Selden's high school at De- troit; at the age of seventeen, he entered Antioch College, Ohio; the next year, he went to Omaha and began to read law in the oifice of Poppletou & Lake, then the leading at- torneys of that city. He remained one year, and, becoming infected with the excitement growing out of the discovery of gold at Pike's Peak, and, yielding to a desire to visit the gold fields, he left Omaha for a short rest and vacation and to see the newly famous re- gion, but he did not readily detach himself from the influences of the limitless prairies, the exhilarating atmosphere, the wild adventures and the spirit of unrest fostered by his smToundings there, and he forgot Blackstone; when the mines pi-oved a myth, he resolved to solve the secrets of the siuiset side of the continent, and, instead of retracing his steps with the myriads who had failed to tind their El Dorado at Pike's Peak, he set out on foot for the Pacific coast and walked 2,000 miles. On the '24th of August, 185U, he reached Sacramento in a terribly demoralized state, physically considered — barefoot, clothes in tatters and nearly starved; he improved his condition by working in tlie mines and after- ward visited places of interest in California, and proceeded to Mexico, Central America and Cuba and thence home; soon after, he entered a law office in Detroit. August U, 1862, previous to a contemplated examination for admission to the bar, he enlisted in Company B, Twenty-second Michigan Volunteer Infantry; in six months, he was made Orderly Sergeant by a vote of the company and was subsequently promoted to Second and First Lieutenant, and, during the last year of service, was in command of Company G; he was honorably dis- charged with his regiment, in July, 1S65. He then entered the law office of Hon. Elisha F. Mead, and was admitted to practice in x^pril. 1S66, by examination before Judge San- ford M. Green, and at once opened an office at Romeo; he was elected to the office of Cir- cuit Com't Commissioner two successive terms, was nominated by the Republicans as Prosecuting Attorney, in the campaign of 1S76, but was defeated, the county being strongly Democratic; he was again nominated, in 18N0, for the same office, and, notwith- standing the strength of the ruling party, he was elected by a majority of thirteen votes over his former competitor. He was appointed by Gov. Bagley a Trustee for the State Insti- tute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, at Flint, and was elected Secretary of the Board, which position he resigned four years later because of the press of his own business; he is Acting President of Romeo, to which he has been elected eight times in succession; he is also Director of the Union School, and has been for a long time Trustee of the Congre- gational Church; at the burning of Gray's opera house block, in 1876, he lost a fine li- brary, which constituted the bulk of his possessions, together with all his papers, office tiles and accumulations of yeai's. He was married, January 17, 1S67, to Julia Alice Ab- bott; they have one child — Bessie A., fourteen years of age and of unusually brilliant promise. Mi-. Hanscom's character maybe inferred from his record ; genial, indomitable, persistent, generous, he holds his friendships, compels respect and wins the confidence of all. Irving D. Hanscom was the recipient of the following complimentary letter from the Macomb County bar, June, 1882, previous to his departure for his new home: '• Dear Sir — You have been on trial at 'the bar of this county for some sixteen years; you cannot be permitted to escape to new fields of practice without having passed upon you oiu' delib- erate judgment of you. A brother lawyer of this county, you have been well and fairlj' tried, and we shall as fairly j)ronounce sentence. It is, by us. after due deliberation, con- sidered, inasmuch as we have ever found you in all our association and interooui'se, at the bar and elsewhere, an honorable, able and courteous gentleman and attorney, that j'ou should bear with you in the future, not only this oui- earnest indorsement of you as an able >^0 acres in Lenox, the old homestead, where his mother is now living. Since the age of twelve, Mr, Mellen has received six months' schooling. There were nine children in his father's family, and, be- ing in straitened circumstances, they all had to aid in the general welfare. At eighteen, he left home to earn his own living. In May, 1840, he joined a party under the manage- ment of Judge Bui-t, who was making public siuweys in the Upper Peuinsvila, and ope- rated with them four years. In 1S48, he made a Government contract for public siuweys in the iron region of Manjuette. He was compassman in the corps of Judge Burt when the discovery of iron was made. His contracts were renewed from year to year. He spent his winters in working as a carpenter. He was married, in 1849, to Elizabeth, daughter of Michael Bowerman, a native of Ontario County, N. Y., and reared in Washington. 4 b^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Her father was a pioneer settler of Macomb County. Soon after this event, he located on a farm three miles northeast, in Bruce, and pursued farming, which he has carried on since, in addition to his other business. In 1870, he engaged in lumbering, in company with Henry Stephens, at Fish Lake (now Stephens). Three years after, he sold his in- terest to his partner. Previous to this, he had been engaged seven years in lumbering iu Tmlay, Lapeer County. While on the farm, he managed his Government contracts simi- mers, and his himbering interests winters. He has a large mill on Otsego Lake, Otsego Co., Mich., which has a capacity of 40,000 feet per day. Mr. Mellen is a Democrat, and has always voted the general ticket, but consults his own judgment in many things con- nected with politics. He served as Supervisor of Bruce in 1851 and 1852; in the spring of 1881, was again elected to the same office over his competitor, who had held the office twenty-five years. He has run twice for State Legislatvire, and once for Senator. Mr. and Mrs. Mellen have lost one son, Herschel H.. who died at the age of three years. The daughters are Helen E., who has been engaged as teacher in the public schools about eight years; Sarah J., wife o^ Henry Stephens, Jr. .of St. Helens, Roscommon Co. , Mich. ; and Marian. HON. JOHN N. MELLEN was born in the town of Gerry, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., September 30, 1831. His father, Leander Mellen, was born at Shaftsbiu-y, Bennington Co.. Vt. . February 17, 1797. The family removed to Macomb County in 1837 and settled in Washington Township, and in 1841, removed to Lenox Township. Mr. Mellen received a thorough common- school education, and in 1869, settled in Romeo, in his present home. From 1847 to 1853, he was actively engaged in the Government sm'veys of the Upper I'eninsula, and explored the wild and pictiuresque scenery of the upper lake region. Soon after this, he made a two-years' visit to the Pacific coast, and made himself familiar with the manners and customs of the people of that wild region; also was one of the Richard- son party of the topographical survey of Northern California, Oregon and Washington Ter- ritory; in 1857, was engaged in the Government siu'vey at the head of the Red River of the North, in Minnesota, and in 18(50, in Wisconsin. He was employed in the early sui'- veys of Dakota Territory, under G. D. Hill, Surveyor General. Since then, he has spent much time in exploring the unsettled portions of our own State and Wisconsin, in search of pine and mineral lands, in which he is sn explorer and dealer. In 1881 and 1882, he was engaged on the Government survey of the Territory of Dakota. In 1870, he was elected Senator for the Twenty-third Senatorial District of this State. He was married, March 7, 1860, to Lucy M. French, who was born in Erie County, Peun. , April 30, 1838. Her parents were natives of Wyoming County. N. Y., and came to Macomb in 1842, and were residents of Lenox Township for thirty years. The children of Mi', and Mrs. Mellen are Jennie L., born August 16, 1864; Ira and Ila, twins, born November 1, 1868; Margie H., born at Romeo July 22, 1870; Leander Harvey, born at Romeo August 26, 1872: John M.. born at Romeo June 10, 1876. Mr. Mellen is a member of the Democratic party. DANIEL MILLER was born February 18, 1798, at Brookfield, Madison Co.. N. Y. He was left motherless when a child, and at the age of eight years was sent to Sherbiu-ne, Chenango Co., N. Y. October 16, he went to Covington, Genesee Co., N. Y., and re- mained until the age of twenty-thi-ee. He had to depend upon himself, and worked his nwn way in the world, which left him little time and opportunity for obtaining an educa- tion, in 1819, he married Miss Lueinda Hulbm-t, a native of Vermont, and in 1822 lo- cated in the township of Washington. He is the oldest married man who came to the county. At that time, there was but one house in Romeo. After spending ten years on a farm in Washington, he bought one of nearly two hundred acres in Macomb, where he resided about thirty years. His wife died in 1842, leaving four childi-en — Eveline, now Mrs. D. Cowles; William M., married Lorinda Austin; Marian M., now Mrs. N. R. Sut- 41 'f^ ,^ ton; and Nelson M., married Caroline Dixon, residing at Ml. Clemens. Mr. Miller was married, in 1N4'2. to Miss Hannah Wheeler. He moved to Romeo in ISCu, and in 18n9 bought his present residence on Benjamin street. His wife died in 1.S73. He was a third time married, in 1873, of Mrs. Joanna Smith, daughter of Jacob Beekmau. Mr. Miller was a Democrat about thirty years of his life, but later he became a Republican. He has been a member of the Methodist Church sixty-four years. Mrs. Miller is a mem- ber of the same chiu'ch. Mr. Miller has experienced all the vicissitudes of pioneer life, and observed and participated in the advancement of this portion of the country to its present creditable and prosperous state. He is a zealous temperance advocate; was a sol dier of the war of 1812; enlisted in 1S14, just before it closed, for which service he re- ceived a pension under act of March U, 1878. His religion is of a tyj)e that will and has endured the test of trial. J. R. MORLAND was born May 3. 1839, in town of Berlin, St. Clair Co., Mich. His parents were natives of Ii'eland. His father died in the year 1858, and his mother is now living at Romeo, at the age of sixty-thi'ee years. In 1840, Mr. Morland came to this country, and received his education at the public schools, and was bred a farmer until he was twenty-two years of age. He enlisted in the war of the rebellion January 7, 18(')2, as a sharp-shooter; served three years; his period of enlistment expired just before the close of the war. He was in the following engagements; Yorktowu, Hanover Court House, Gaines" Hill, Malvern Hill, and all through the seven-days' battle before Richmond. Chancellorsville, Alder, Middlesbiu-g, Gettysburg. His regiment marched forty miles in one day. reaching Gettysburg in time to help check the advance forces of the rebels, and. after the battle of Gettysburg was over, drove the retreating rebels across the Rappahan nock. The next engagement was at Mine Run, and then the regiment fell back to the Rappahannock River and went into winter quarters. The next engagement was in the spring of 18fi4. the battle of the Wilderness, which lasted three days; and next a flank movement was made to Laurel Hill, where they encountered the rebel force and fought them two days, and the second day the battle lasted until 10 o'clock in the evening, and ended in a hand-to-hand contest in the darkness. The regiment's next engagements were at Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor, Petersburg. Erecting large forts on the lines of breast- work, they were under fire at the latter place about sixty days, and next made a flank movement and captured and held the Waldon Railroad. The next engagement was near South Side Railroad, where they succeeded in routing the enemy, and captured a fort, with a loss of Col. Walsh, commanding his regiment; he was struck with a rifle ball in the head and killed instantly. This was the last engagement. Mr. Morland's time of enlistment expired shortly, and he was honorably discharged January 20, 1865, and re- turned to Romeo, and, after a short visit to Oil City, retvu'ned. He bought a half inter- est in a general mercantile enterprise, in which he was engaged about thirteen years, when he disposed of his interest, and, shortly after, embarked in the hardware trade, in 1878. He has a full line of goods; carries a large stock, and is having a reasonably successful trade. He has always been a Republican, and acted with the party. He was elected Vil- lage Marshal for four years; was married, January 25, 1872, to Avis Humphrey, a native of Almont, Lapeer Co., Mich. They have four children — Myrtle, Howard, Grace and Lue. His residence is on First street, Romeo, Mich. MATHEW atORTON, son of James Morton, a native of Scotland, was born in Ayi-- shire May 5, 1830; at the age of eight years, emigrated to America with his parents, set- tling on Section 7, Armada, where he resided until attaining his majority, attending the schools of the locality. His tastes and inclinations were mechanical, and the leisure time of his youth was spent in the study and erection of some piece of machinery, often to the vexation and against the wishes of his father. Soon after arriving at age, he engaged in #♦ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the business of foundry and machine-sho]> at Armada Village about one year; from here he removed to Lapeer City.'engaLjing on a larger scale in the same business (building and repairing engines), which he continued fourteen years, a portion of the time in connection with other parties: in 1871. he removed to Romeo and engaged in engine and railroad work, in eompaay with A. Hamblin: his first engine was built in 181)1, for a party in La- peer City, on a conditional contract: when it was completed, it filled all the conditions, and is still in use: he made the drafts and patterns, melted the iron and executed the mechanical work, and set it running unassisted; on the completion of his first marine engine, the contracting parties made him a voluntary bonus of $100; in 18(0, he made an improvement in the engine of a fioiuing-mill in Detroit, by which a saving was gained of half in fuel, and more than half in time; upon two weeks' notice, he invented and made a machine with which he bored out fom- cylinders for locomotives in twenty hours — a saving of 75 per cent in time, and making as fine a job as could be made in any lathe. In 187-'), the company (Morton i^: Hamblin) removed their business in St. Clair, and continued for three and a half years, retm-niug at that time to Eomeo. In May, 1S7U, he invented a check valve, on which he was granted letters patent, and soon after a company was organized for this manufacture, which, together with the manufacture of tread-powers, upon which he also secured a patent, forms the work of the company at the present time; the valves are now used upon the rolling-mills at Cleveland, Ohio, the Mississippi, in Col- orado and Australia, and are veiT popular. 1VL-. Hamblin retired from the firm in 1879. Mr. Morton was married, July 4, ISaO, to Sarah T., daughter of Lorenzo and Harriet Strong, of Lapeer City, born April 29, 1841 : the fi'uit of this marriage has been Han-iet, born April 3, 18(i0, manied J. Milliken and lives in Lapeer County; Henry E., born Sep- tember l(i, 1863; and Mason, born August 29. 1S73. Both Mr. and Mrs. Morton connected themselves with the Protestant Methodist Church in 1859, and are still in sympathy with it. FREEDOM MUNROE was born January 24. 1796. in Dutchess County, N. Y. ; is son of Lemuel and Anna (Potter) Munroe. His father was of Highland Scotch descent, and was a soldier in the Revolution, and fought through sis campaigns; he was also in the wai- of 1812. and fought at Queenstown. He died at Howell, Livingston County, in 1853. aged ninety-six years: his wife died a few years previous. Mr. Munroe's parents moved to Otsego. N. Y.. when he was six yeai-s old. and six years after to Bloomfield, On- tario County. In bS16. he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, retxuming after a short time to Bloomfield and remained with his parents until 1824. In the spring of that year, he came to Michigan, crossing Lake Erie in the steamer Superior, the only one then run- ning. He located in Bruce and took up 160 acres of land, built a shanty and lived alone two and a half years. He was married, in 1827, to Mary E. Cooper, of Lima. N. Y. They had seven daughters and three sons, all of whom are living. His wife died October 8, 1854. and he was again married. September 30. 1867, to Mrs. Lucinda Doty, of Ohio. In 1868. he sold his farm and came to Romeo, where he now resides, with his daughter, Charlotte H.. wife of Ephraim Vanburger. He is eighty-six years old; cast his first Pres- idential vote for Harrison, and joined the Republican party on its formation. He served a term as Postmaster of Bruce; never used tobacco in any form. DEXTER MUSSEYwas born in Worcester County, Mass., January 12, 1811. He is the son of Eli and Persis Prontey Mussey. whose ancestors were the first settlers in that county and State. He was reared there, and educated as liberally as the facilities of that day allowed, and spent five jears in Lowell. Mass. In the fall of 1836. he came to Michigan, and in January, 1837, settled at Romeo. In 1845, he entered public life, and was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he has filled continuously ever since. In 1854. he was elected by the Republicans to represent this district in the Legislature, re- taining the position for eight years. In the sessions of 1861 and 1862, he served as *7^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Speaker of the House. He was Collector of Internal Revenue for this district during the war, and was actively engaged in local politics. He was a raelnber of the Constitutional Convention of lSt)7, to revise the constitution of the State. He has acquired much pojni- larity in his native neighborhood, and all throughout the State, through his disinterested eiiorts for the permanent benelit of the people. He was married, in I83(). m Lowell, Mass., to Lydia Russell. They have three sons and three daughters. Mr. Mussey was chosen Deacon of the Congi'egational Chm-ch of Romeo in 1838. CHARLTON B. NEWBURY, deceased, was born June 9, 180'J, at Mansfield, Tolland Co., Conn. About the year 1832, he went to Amherst, Mass.. and in 1840 settled at Romeo, where he spent the remainder of his life. October 2, 183], he man-ied Mary H. James, of Brooklyn, Conn., and they had a family of four children, rearing three of them to maturity. Mr. Newbury came to Romeo with Nathan Dickinson, an old settler and prominent business citizen of Romeo, and they formed a copartnership with E. W. Gid- dings. under the style of Dickinson, Giddings & Co., which existed about eight years. .On the dissolution of the tirm, Mi'. Newbury established his well-known mercantile house, and in 1852, associated with himself Watson Loud. In 18(35, Mr. Newbury retired, and Edward C. Newbury, his son, became junior partner of the concern. Five years later, Charles F. Newlsury pm-chased the interest of Mr. Loud, and the firm of Newbury Bros, was organized. This is a business house of known and tested probity. Their stock com- prises a large and line assortment of dry goods, carpets and clothing, representing a capital of $20,000. Edward C. Newbury, senior member of the tirm of Newbury Bros. , was born November 13, 1838, at Amherst, Mass., and came to Romeo with his parents. He was educated there, and received his business training in his father's store, to the proprietorship of which, with his brother, he eventually succeeded. He was married, September 14, 18(54, to Lucy Doan, of Kenosha, Wis. They have three daughters. Mr. Newbury has always been a Republican. Chai'les F. Newbury was born August 19, 1845, at Romeo, where he obtained his education and grew to manhood. He was clerk with Loud & Newbury live years, and ar'terward purchased the interest of the former. He was married, at Kenosha, Wis., May 8, 18(57, to Ella M. Doan. He has always been a Republican, and in 187(5 was elected Warden of the village fii'e department; at present, is First Assistant Engineer of the Romeo steamer. GEORGE P. NEWBURY, son of Elihu and Rhoda (Phelps) Newbury, was born No- vember 24, 1817, in Oneida County, N. Y. His parents were natives of Connecticut. He was reared to the age of fifteen in New York, and, in the autumn of 1832, went to Detroit, remaining until the summer of 1833, when he went to the city of New York. There he engaged in the coast service about six years, meanwhile making a trip to London. In the autumn of 1841, he came to Romeo, where he has since resided, with the exception of two years, which he spent on the lakes. In ]845, he learned harness -making, in which bus- iness he has since been engaged. He was married in New York, to Active C. Boynton, a native of Oswego County, N. Y. After her death Mr. Newbmy was married again, to Rebecca Ann Scramlin, of Macomb County. They have six children — John S.. George E., Minnie P.. Alfred M., Fannie E. and Margaret A. — all at home but the eldest, who is in Detroit. Mr. Newbm-y was an adherent of the Whig party until the fusion of political elements in which it was merged, when he became a Democrat. Dm'ing the rebellion, he was special agent of the Provost Marshal, looking after deserters. He has been a member of the Board of Village Trustees. JOHN F. NICHOLS was born March 9, 1809, in Fort Ann, Washington Co., N. Y.: he was married, March 29, 1832. to Louise Terril, born June 12, 181(5, in Pittsford, Mon- roe Co., N. Y, ; their children were born as follows: Fidelia, July 1, 1834; Ham-iet, De- cember 3, 183(5; David, March 13, 1838; Isabell, April 14, 1840; James, November 16, .> 1842; John F., Julv 1. 1S45; Georgiana, February 4. 1S4S: Manless. March IS, 1851; Thyrza, November 17. 1S58: Wallace, April 28, "l 857. Elisha Nichols, father of the above, was born January 10, 1778: his wife, Mary Hyde Nichols, was born September 8, 1776; her maiden name was Bolton; she married Rawsel Hyde, and had one child — An- nie. Mr. and Mrs. Nichols moved from Middlebury, Genesee Co., N. Y., September 8, 1824, and reached Detroit September 1 1 ; they settled at Curtiss Corners, Shelby. Macomb County. Ml'. N. died January 2U, 1S47; Mrs. N. died August 10, 1851; their children were born as follows: Huldah, April 2, 17119; Lucinda, October 211. 1802; Philena, Sep- tember 6, 1808; William, February 6. 1805; Weltha, July 21, 1806; Daniel B., September 30, 1807; John F., Mai-ch 1), 18011, died April 14. 1878; Ona, October 7, 1810: Minerva, July 12, 1811. ISAAC N. OWEN was born in Genesee County. N. Y., November 12, 1823; is son of Abijah and Sally (Davis) Owen. In June. 1825, his father settled in Shelby. Macomb Co., Mich., taking a farm of eighty acres, where he resided until his death, in 1837. His mother reared seven of a family of nine children, on the farm which passed into the hands of her son, L. D. Owen, of Romeo, with whom she resided until the end of her life, in September, 1880. At the age of thirteen, Mr. Owen, of this sketch, began to learn the chair-maker's trade at Rochester, Oakland County, at which he worked several years, after- ward learning the business of a wood-turner, which he piu-sued twenty years. In 1861, he enlisted in Brady's Sharp-shooters, commanded by Col. Dygart, of Detroit, and attached to the Sixteenth Michigan Infantry. He was discharged in Febraary, 1863, having been disabled June 27, 1862, in the swamps of the Chickahominy. He receives a pension. Mr. Owen was a Democrat at the outbreak of his political career, but has adopted the principles and measui-es of the Republican party. He has served as Deputy Sheriff of Macomb County two years, and for several tei-ms as Constable, which office he still holds; also was Assistant Census Marshal in 1870. He was married, September 5. 18r)7. to Mind- well A. Tindall, a native of Michigan, and the following yeai', built his present residence on Bailey street. Mi-. Owen came to this county among the pioneers, and has ob- served its gi-adual development from its primeval condition to its present prosperous state. There were Indians in those days, and the younger aborigines were the playfellows among their peers in years among the white settlers. AMOS PALMER was born January 2(). 1810, at Granville, Washington Co., N. Y. ; is son of Amos and Laura White Palmer, the former a native of Connecticut, the latter born in New Y'ork. Both died in the Empire State at an advanced age. Mr. Palmer spent the first twenty-five years of his life in Granville, and, in the autumn of 1835, lo- cated at Romeo, Mich. His first business enterprise was in wagon-making, which he pur- sued one year. In 1838, he established a cabinet-shop, which he operated successfully, and sold out a prosperous business in May, 1881. His brother. Abijah Palmer, was asso- ciated with him twelve years. He is now engaged in the manufactm-e of patent window- shades, of which he is making a specialty. He belongs to the Republican party. He was man-ied, in September, 1835. in the State of New York, to Lydia M. Felch, who died in August, 1836. In 1837. Mr. Palmer was married to Ruth Barker. Their only surviving son, Amos W. Palmer, resides ^t Romeo; married Lucretia Dake; they have one daugh- ter. A son, John B. , died at Milwaukee in 1859, aged twenty-one years. Mr. Palmer's residence is in the north part of the village. IRA S. PEARSALL was born August 1. 1810, in Cayuga County. N. Y. He is the son of Henry and Phcebe Sommerton Pearsall, the former a native of Saratoga County. N. Y.. and the latter of Connecticut. They had a family of four sons and two daughters, and in 1831 they settled in Troy, Oakland Co.. Slich. ilr. Pearsall was in a law office in Moravia, Cayuga County, six years, and, on coming to Michigan, he settled in Washington g' 'J' . Vis— — ^-- "s «)Pv l^ HI8T011Y OF MACOMB COUNTY. Township, and engaged in mercantile business; afterward located a farm in Shelby, where lie lived for thirty-fom- years, engaged in agricultiu-al and other pursuits. He carried the mail for two years fi-om Koyal Oak, Oakland County, through Rochester, Orion, Oxfortl and Metamora to Lapeer, which place he furnished with all the mail received there. He went on horseback, and was also engaged extensively in stage contracts, driving from Port Huron to Lexington and Port Sanilac. In this he continued for four ye;irs. In 1 SHU, he gave his farm to his children and came to Romeo, where he was connected with the stage mail routes through this part of the State. He was married, in 1835, to Celia White, a native of New York, and moved to Cleveland, Ohio; she died in 1867. They had three children — Dwight E., married Mary Smith, of Missouri, and lives on the homestead; Adelia W., wife of John M. Snook, of New York City, resides at Jackson, Mich.; Celia A., died at thirteen years of age. Politically, Mi\ Peai-sall was in early life a Whig, but identified himself with the Republican party, and, though not an oliice-seeker, has always taken a lively interest in politics. He has been connected with the Masonic and Odd Fellow orders many years. He was married, in 1809, to Augusta V. Lake, a native of Macomb County. Mi-. Pearsall is a highly respet^ted citizen of the county, and is spending the latter days of his life in well-eaincd coiiifort. His residence is on Benjamin street. JAMES PHELPS was born October 2, 1821, in Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y. He was the son of David and Mary Merritt Phelps. They moved to Michigan October 24, 1829, and bought I <30 acres of land, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Of their family of nine children, three are living. The father died in Romeo, in April, 1808; the mother, in February, 1800. Mr. Phelps remained on hie father's farm until he was twenty-seven years old, when he went to Lapeer County, on a farm in Dryden, 180 acres, where he remained fom'teen years. He was married, December 30, 1848. to Esther Dus- ing, and, after leaving Dryden, moved to Washington, on the farm owned by his wife's mother, then a widow, adding to it other land adjoining. The family moved thither to take care of Mi's. Dusing in her old age, and resided there eighteen years. In Februai'y, 1881, he l)uught his present residence on Benjamin street. His political views are of the Independent stripe. He represents the issues of no party, and votes as his judgment dic- tates, irrespective of part}'. Mr. and Mrs. Phelps have reared three children — Christina M.,now Mi-s. Smith Taft; Helen E. and Eugene V. John J. died December 24, 1851, and Frederick died October 4, 1855. IRA F. PRATT was born August 29, 1844, at Romeo, Mich. He is the son of Ariel and Harriet Hopkins Pratt His father was born November 12, ISOl, at Bridgewater, Vt. ; went early in life to Middlebuiy, Genesee Co., N. Y., and was there married. May 18, 1820, to Harriet M. Ho2:)kins. He went to Eden, Erie Co., N. Y., and afterward came to Romeo, where he opened a general store. After a few years, he engaged in farming in Bruce, two miles north of Romeo, where he remained until 1858; retiu'ued to Romeo and stayed until 1802, when he sold his farm and moved to Laingsbiu'g, Shiawassee County. In 1NG4, he went to Lansing, and, foiu- years later, to Cedar Creek, Muskegon County, where he died on his farm, October 1, 1870. He had two sons and two daughters: the daughters are deceased. Mr. Pratt, of this sketch, was brought up and educated at Romeo. At the age of nineteen, he entered a dry goods house at Detroit as a clerk, but, after two months, went to Laiugsburg, Shiawassee County, where he embarked in mer- cantile business with his brother. Emory A. Pratt, under the firm style of E. A. & I. F. Pratt. In 1S04, they sold out and went to Lansing, and opened a drug store under the name of Pratt Bros. They were burnt out in the spring of ISO*), but immediately started business again. I. F. Pratt sold out April 1, 1806, came to Romeo and went into trade in com- pany with T. A. Smith. After three years, he engaged with Mr. Smith on a salary, and in 1N7-I bought out the crockery store of Caleb Nye, where he has since been in business. ' ^ a fc. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. He has built up a prosperous trade, and carries a finely selected, valuable stock of goods. He was mairied. April 5, 1865, to Cornelia A. Prentiss, daughter of Azariah Prentiss. They have three sons — Clarence A. I., Frank and Herbert P. They have buried one child. Alfred D.. who died in infancy. Mr. Pratt is a Republican. His residence is on St. Clair street. JAMES E. PRICE was born October IS, 1830, in Washington Township. His par- ents. Peter and Emma (Hopkins) Price, were old settlers in the county, coming here fi-om New York in 1824. Peter Price came to Washington when he was seventeen years old, and married a sister of Ormau W. Hopkins, of Romeo. He purchased a farm of 160 acres from the Government August 1, 1S31. patented by Andrew -Jackson. In 1838, he removed his family to Romeo, where he engaged in mercantile business under the tii-m style of Pratt & Price. This relation existed until 1844. In the spring of that year, he started a foundiy in Almont, which he operated until 1850, when he moved on the old Philip Price farm, three miles south of Romeo. January 2, 1868, he went to Bronson, Branch County, where he died in October, 1873, in his sixty-seventh year. His wife is now living with her son, aged seventy-two. Mr. Price, of this sketch, was associated with his father in the foundry at Almont, and, in the spring of 1850, went to Rochester, Oakland County, and entered the employ of -Jennings & Bro.. merchants, and remained until November, 1853, when he went to California. After about two years in the gold regions, he returned, in June. 1855. He spent a few months in Wisconsin, and then returned to the employ of Jennings & Bro. at Rochester. He was married, in November, 1857, to Ella Duncan, a native of this county, who died July 26, 1861. They had a daughter, the wife of Elliott R. Wilcox, of Pontiac, Oakland County. In April, 1859, he went a second time to Cali- fornia, and returned to his old employ at Rochester April 15, 1861, coming to Romeo Sep- tember 15, 1862, going into company with O. W. Hopkins in crockery and gi-ocery store. He sold out February 20, 1863, and afterward opened a store in the frame building south of the Commercial House, where he did business twenty months. April 22, 1865, he bought the premises where he is now located, called the Chapman property. Here he was mar- ried again. September 10, 1867, to Lucy A. Van Blarcom, of Newton, New Jersey. They have one daughter, Lulu A., twelve years old. Mi'. Price has always been a Republican. From 1870 to 1874, he was Village Trustee; resides on Chandler street. AARON B. RAWLES, deceased, was born April 14, 1812, near Albany, N. Y. His mother was born in New England; his father was of English descent. Mr. Rawles was brought up and educated in Albany, and served an apprenticeship in the crockery and glass store of Henry L. Webb. At the age of twenty, he came to Detroit and engaged in the di'ug store of -John Truax. While there, he was one of the organizers of a young men's society devoted to literary pursuits. In 1834. he came to Romeo and opened a general merchandise house, which he operated a few years and closed, engaging in the purchase of i)ine lands. He owned a mill north of Almont, where he manufactured a great amount of lumber. Three years after, he disposed of his lumber interests and opened a hardware store at Romeo, which he managed as long as he lived. Mr. Rawles took a zealous, active interest in politics and temperance, and was concerned in all matters pertaining to the public welfare. He was Commissioner for the construction of the turnpike road from Capae to Clyde, St. Clair Ccfunty; was County Coroner several terms; was delegate in county and State conventions on several occasions, and always shunned wire-pulling and trickeiy of political factions. He was an adherent of the Republican pai-ty after the decline of the Whigs, whose principles he previously adopted. He was a radical in temperance affairs, and never lost an opportunity to further the cause. When he traveled, he patron- ized temperance houses, and built the American House at Romeo, inDecember; 1837, with the intention of establishing a temperance hotel, but sold it before completion. He was ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. one of the pi'ojectors, stockholders and Directors <>t the plank road from Romeo to Detroit via Mt. Clemens, which was an opening for this entire section of country. He was mar- ried, N .vember 13, 1S38, to Elizabeth, daughter of Jacob Beekman, a pioneer of Macomb Coimty. They had six childi'en, live of whom are living -Henry and Jacob B., twins, Aaron B., James D. and Caroline. Jacob is a Major in the United States Army: Aaron resides at Cadillac, Mich. ; James D. lives at Boston, Mass. ; Caroline resides with her mother at the family residence on St. Clair street, built in 1872, and not completed at the time of the death of Mr. Rawlos, April 4, 1872. He was early in life an attendant upon the Episco|ial Church, but eventually connected himself with the Congi'egational Church at Romeo. Mrs. Rawles is in her sixtieth year. HENRY RAWLES, son of Aaron B. and Elizabeth (Beekman) Rawles, was born at Romeo August 4, 1839, in the old frame building on Main street, where his father kept store and resided. He was brought up and educated at Romeo, and in 1857 went into business with his father, continuing with and succeeding to him on his death, April 4, 1872. He is engaged in the hardware business, and carries a complete stock of stoves, tinwai'e and hardware, representing a cash value tf $10,000. He also does a large amount of business in agricultural implements. Mr. Rawles is a Republican, and cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 1860. In 1876, he was a member of the Village Board of Trustees, and has served one term as Marshal. He was mai-ried, June 16, 18/9, to Miss M. M. Seymoiu", of Marquette, Mich. They have one son, upward of two years old. D. H ROWLEY was born in Livingston County, N. Y, April 18. 1831. He is the son of Hezekiah and Clarissa Anthony Rowley, the latter a native of Connecticut, the for- mer of New York. Mr. Rowley was educated at New Haven, Conn., and in Oakland County, Mich., whither his father removed in 1835. In 1839, on the death of his mother, he was sent to Connecticut, remaining with his relatives there for two years. In 1845, he entered the dry goods establishment of his father at Orion, Oakland County, where he acquired experience preparatory to his present business enterprise. In 1853, he settled at Romeo and entered the employ of M. A. Giddings as a clerk, where he remained for ten years. In 1863, he went to Pennsylvania and engaged in oil interests, which he operated successfully, returning to Romeo in 1869, and formed a copartnership with Mr. Giddings, which still continues. Mr. Rowley is a Republican; has acted for two years as President of the village, and two years as Trustee of Romeo. He was tendered the position of Cashier of the First National Bank at its organization, but, being in oil transactions in Pennsylvania, declined. He was married, in Oakland County, in 1852, to Eliza A., daugh- ter of Needham Hemingway, a prominent, citizen and early settler in that county. They have three children — E. P. Rowley, eldest son, is a lawyer in Detroit; Bruce M. is Gov- ernment Clerk in the office of the Surveyor General at Yankton, D. T.; Helen, the only daughter, resides at home. HENRY O SMITH was born January 1, 1817, at Hatfield, Hampshire Co.. Mass. He is the son of Obadiah and Susan Norton Smith, the former a native of Hadley, Mass., and the latter of Ashtield, same State. Mr. Smith lived at Hatfield until the age of four- teen, where and at Amherst he acquired his education. He was in the mercantile house of Sweetser & Cutter, of the latter place, nine years previous lo his settling in Romeo in 1840. Here he remained twelve years, serving some time as clerk with N. Dickinson & Co., and afterward was associated in business with M. A. Giddings for several years. In 1852, he commenced mercantile operations at Armada, under the style of Lathrop & Smith, which continued four or five years, when he formed a business connection with Dr. John S. Smith. In the fall of 1858, he was elected County Clerk, and went to Mt. Clemens, and continued to discharge the duties of his office six years, being twice re-elected. In the autumn of 1864, he was elected Judge of Probate, and, after a service of three months, ^^ — ®Pv ' HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. resigned, and was recalled to Romeo to All tbe position of Cashier of the First National Bank, which he still iiolds. In the days when the Whig party existed, Mi-. Smith sup- ported its measures, but, on the organization of the Republican party, he identified him- self with it, and has ever since advocated and sustained its principles. He was married, in December, 1843. at Armada, to Jane M. M., daughter of Edward Lathrop, of Armada. They have four daughters and three sons. Mr. Smith is attending carefully to the educa- tion of his children, and securing for them the best advantages. His entire family be- long to the Congregational Church. He has owned a line residence on West St. Clair street since 1865. EDWARD S. SNOVER. son of Frederick and Charlotte (Squier) Snover, was born in Warren County, N. J., April 5, 1813. His paternal ancestry was of German origin, and on the mother's side, English. His life, previovis to his coming to Michigan, was passed in his native county, with the exception of one year. There he received his ediication in the common schools. He came to Michigan in 1837, reaching Detroit May 20, and locat- ed in Oakland County, where he remained one year. In May. 1838, he started tor a trip westward to the Mississippi River, and, retm-ning in August, settled at Romeo. He had learned the trade of a blacksmith, and opened a shop in the village, where he carried on business for twenty years in that line, and added other interests as his means increased. To his shop he added a tm-ning-lathe, and afterward a furnace and wagon-shop, and en- gaged extensively as a manufaetiu-er. He also operated as a money-loaner, buying mort- gages and speculating in various ways. Mr. Snover was a Whig, and transfened his po- litical views and influence to the Republican party, in whose issues and measiu'es he has since been zealously interested^ He has served several terms as President and Trustee of the village; in I860, was elected Justice of the Peace, which office he held twelve years. He was one of the original incorporators of the First National Bank of Romeo, and was actively concerned in its organization, and connected with it for six years, when he dis- posed of his interest therein. During his period of office as magistrate, he served two years as executor on the Dickinson estate, and afterward acted five years as agent in its management. His resources comprise bonds and mortgages, and upward of one thousand acres of land. His outfit was S300, the savings of his own industry after he was twenty- one years old. He was married, June 10, 1841, in Warren County, N. J., to Ann Cook, also a native of that county. They have had eight children. Alice (Mrs. George Parme- lee) died October 19. 1877, leaving two children. Following are the names of those liv- ing: Charlotte, wife of F. A. Scott, resides in Washington: Josephine, widow of J. H. Reed: Cassias, married Ella Hulshart, resides at Yankton, D. T. ; Horace G., married Nellie Williams, resides at Port Austin. Mich.; Harriet S., Mrs. Harkman Cornell, of Bruce; Edward J., Detroit; Emma C. resides with her parents. EDWARD SOULE was born at Middlebury. Genesee Co., N. Y, May 15, 1817. He is the son of John and Sally Ward Soule. both natives of Massachusetts. His father was of French descent, and came to Michigan in June, I8ii5, and located 160 acres of Gov- ernment land in Washington Township, which was patented by Andrew Jackson. The family, including seven children, followed in September. They took the steamer Supe- rior from Buffalo to Detroit. ,and made their route thence overland. The same year, the father purchased eighty acres more, and increased his landed estate to 1,500 acres, situat- ed in different parts of the State. He died in September, 1871, at the age of eighty-foiir; his wife, in March, 1865, at the age of seventy-iive years. Mr. Soule was a man of fine physical proportions, stood six feet in his stockings, and weighed 200 pounds. He pos- sessed powers of keen discriminating observation, which supplied him with a valuable knowledge of the world. He read extensively, and acquired the best mental discipline from well-selected books. He took the greatest interest in politics and their bearing on ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the well-being of the country; voted the Democratic ticket until the Free-Soil issues arose, when he became a Republican. The progress of his own county was foremost in his in- terest, and he held open doors for all strangers seeking homes. Mi'. Soule, of this sketch, was reared on the farm in Washington until twenty years old, when he located in Addison, ( )aklan(l County, where he spent one year, and returned to the home farm, remaining for two years. He was married to Mary A. Skidmore, bora in Wayne County, N. Y.. Decem- ber 30, LS-tO. She came to Macomb County in 1S46 with her parents, John and Sally Bishop Skidniore, who settled in Washington Township. Mr. and Mrs. Soule took up their abode on the farm in Oakland County, where they lived for nine years. In 1S4U. they changed their residence to Washington, settling on a portion of the homestead farm. In ISTO, they came to Romeo, where they pm-chased village property. They have had four children, but one of whom survives. John C. Soule is a graduate from Meadville. Penn., and an ordained minister of Washington, Macomb County. He resides on the farm in Washington. Another son. -James E. Soule, also graduated, an ordained minis- ter, died in March, 1N74, aged twenty-nine years. Two children died in infancy. Mr. Soule is the sole remaining member of his father's family in Macomb County. He has been a member of the Christian Church for forty-four years, and has held office in the church nearly all this time, and his sons were ordained in its service. Mrs. Soule is a member of the same society. In politics, Mr. Soule was first a Democrat, and became a radical Republican. He has been Constable of Washington for twelve years, and Justice of the Peace for eight years, having been twice elected to the office. JOHN L. STARKWEATHER, attorney, was born October 4, 1844, in Bruce, Ma- comb County; was the eighth child of James and Roxana Leslie Starkweather. (See sketch.) Until he reached manhood, he worked on his father's farm summers and attend- ed school in the winter at Romeo, until 1863. He commenced teaching in the winter of that year. He taught two conseciitive winters, and took a course of study at Eastman's Commercial College, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and graduated December 23, 1865. He was elected President of his class. He took just piide in working and earning his way through the commercial and afterward the law college, wholly through his own exertions. In 1866, 1867 and IS6S, he was engaged in mercantile business in Romeo part of the time, as part- ner, devoting every spare moment to reading law. He has been all his life prominently identified with all temperance movements and societies. In 1863, he joined the independ- ent Order of Good Templars, and held all positions of trust successively; was District Deputy Grand Worthy Chief Templar of Macomb County, and several times represented the county organization in the Grand Lodge. He joined the Sons of Temperance in 1874, and has represented his local division in the Grand Division of the State every year since. In 1870, he was a representative at the National Division of the Sons of Temperance, held at Washington, D. C, a position to which he has been elected annually since. He was elected G. W. A. of the State organization of Sons of Temperance in 1878, and became Acting G. W. P. in 1879. He was elected G. S. of the Grand Division in 18S]. but re- signed through pressing professional business. Mi'. Starkweather became a member of the Phi Delta Phi of the LTniversity of Michigan in 1870; of the order of Free and Accepted Masons in 1867; the Knights Templar in 1868; the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in 1877; and belongs to the Knights of Honor and Royal Arcanum; has served several times as representative of the two last-named orders in the Grand Lodges of Michigan. In 1876, he joined the Methodist Episcopal Church of Romeo, and has Ijeen one of the officers of the society ever since. He has been a Trustee of Romeo, and twice elected to the Board of Education, to which body he now belongs. In 1868, he entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan, where he was established some weeks before his determi- nation was known by his parents or friends. He graduated in the class of 1870, and rrr '^^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUKTY opened an office in the same j'ear at Romeo, where he has since prosecuted a successful and increasing business. He was examined in open court, in Washtenaw County, Mich., and admitted to the bar March 27, 1869. . He spent the following summer in the Law Library of Congress at Washington, D. C, where he wrote his thesis and prepared a brief in the railroad case brought against the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company by his mother's heirs for indemnity for the accident by which she was killed. (See sketch of James Starkweather) He was admitted to practice in the United States Court at Wash- ington, D. C, November 11, 1S69. He married Laura E. Spencer, of Armada, June 14, 1871. They have had two sons and two daughters. The eldest child died at the age of two years. Mr. Starkweather is one of the most valuable citizens of Romo. He is public- spirited, generous, sympathizes with movements for the advancement of the general wel- fare, and is a zealous promoter of the moral and religious interests of the community, and a man whose worth and integrity exert a strong influence upon the best interests of society. In politics, he is a zealous and earnest Republican. JAMES STARKWEATHER, deceased, was born in Preston, New London Co., Conn., October 25, 1801. His paternal ancestry was of Scotch and English lineage, and his father was a soldier of the Revolution. The circumstances of the family were such as to compel the younger members to make early acijuaintance with the struggle necessary to accomplish any career of merit in the world — a condition, be it remarked, that has wrought noble results in Macomb as well as other counties in Michigan. At the age of seventeen, Mr. Starkweather turned his face westward, with his small possessions in a small bundle at his back. He sought and found employment, and in IS'i-l found himself able to visit two brothers in Pennsylvania. He went thence to visit a sister in We.stern New York, and started for Detroit, where he ai-rived October 9. He prospected thi'ough Oakland and Macomb Counties, and tixed upon Hoxies. uow Romeo, as his ultimatiuu, and, in Jan- uary, 1825, located 160 acres of land near the village. lu the following June, he was taken with fever and ague, and, becoming disheartened, he abandoned his land prepara- tory to returning East. He was fairly started, but met a man who gave him $250 for his claim. With renewed courage, he set out on another prospecting expedition. He wan- dered in the forest some days, and, July 4, 1825, came to Trombley's Mountain, where he spent the night. From that point he took a view of the surroiinding country, and once more located 160 acres near the village, where he spent all his life, with the excep- tion of six months before his death, when he resided in Romeo. He was married, Sep- tember 6, 1827, to Roxana Leslie, of the State of New York. She was a woman in every way worthy, and together they braved the vicissitude . and struggles of more than forty years. Fortune was at last propitious, and they experienced the reward of coQscientious, laborious and well-directed exertions. September 1. 186>!. they set out to visit distant friends, going to Alabama, and returned via Washington, D. C. They took passage No- vember 17, on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. During the night, they were obliged to change cars at the Relay House, ten miles from Baltimore. While crossing to the other line, Mrs, Starkweather was stnick by an incoming train and crushed. She lived but three hours. Mr. Starkweather was maiTied again, June 18, 1872, to Mi-s. Adeline Mulligan, of Washington, D. C. He died February 10. 1873. The pioneer element of Michigan stands statuesque in the panoramic view of her history during the last seventy years, and no one appears to better purpose than that of James Starkweather. He knew all the pos- sibilities C/f his life and character; he recognized all his responsibilities, inherent and as- smned, and he bent his will and purpose only to the command of duty. He met trial with Christian coiu-age, adversity with the hopefulness of integrity, and success with the hu- mility of a true greatness of sjsirit. His career is held in honored remembrance l)y his friends, and regarded as a blessed legacy by his children. 1^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ELIJAH THOKINGTON was born June 9, 1809. at Ontario. Canada. His father, James Thorington, was a native of Rhode Island; his mother, Sarah Phillips, was born in Vermont. They settled in Oakland County. Mich., when their son was seven years old. and. a year later, removed to Shelby. At that time (IS IN), the county was in an almost primeval condition, and the surveying officers of the Government wei-e deciding limitation lines between the towns of Clinton and Shell)y. The family were in straitened circum- stances, and, the following spring went to the township of Washington and lived forty years on a farm in a district known as the Thorington settlement. January 18. 1836, James Thorington died: his wife died in March, 1853. Mr. Thorington lived on his home- stead farm of 240 acres until 1870. when he bought his present residence on South Clark street. He was married. February 6. 1834, to Lydia Brown, a native of New York. They had three sons and four daughters. Mrs. Thorington died March 19, 1868. and. in April. 1879. Mr. Thorington was married to Mrs. Phoebe (Lockwood) Mackey. She died in April, 1874. Mr. Thorington belongs to the pioneer element of the coimty. and has ever ranked among its most respected citizens. He is a Democrat, and cast his first Presidential vote for Jackson He has accumulated a fine jtroperty, and was the owner of several farms, which he has divided among his children. He has always been known as a plain, firm, outspoken man. and his judgment accepted as reliable. NORTON B. THROOP was born in Bruce. Macomb County. February 2. 1842; is eon of Cxeorge and Mary (Nye) Throop. George Throop was born in Lima, N. Y., in 1810. and was son of Birchard and Martha Throop. He was married, in the State of New York, to Mary P. Nye, and in bS30 came to Macomb County. They had two sons and three daughters; one of the latter is deceased. Mr. Tlu-oop located 160 acres of Govern- ment land in Bruce, which he cleared and improved. In 1851. he moved to Romeo, where he died in 1874, in his sixty-fifth year. Mrs. Throop died in 1877. aged sixty two. Mr. Throop was a Whig in early life, and joined the Democratic ranks when the exigencies of public affairs brought new issues to the siu'face. At the raising of the First Congrega- tional Church in thci village, he broke his leg by a fall. Mr. Throop. of this sketch, came to this village with his parents when biit nine years old. and in youth attended the pub- lic schools. In 1864 (May 14), he was married to Harriet, daughter of William Hamilton, a Scotchman. He took charge of the homestead farm in Bruce, where he stayed three yeai-s, and sold in 1876, engaging in teaming, which he prosecuted until 1878, when he formed a partnership with F. V. Tedman in the grocery and provision business, locating on the west side of Main street. Nine months later, he embarked in the same business alone, which he pursued a year on the east side of Main street, then changing his quarters to his present stand on the Wf^st side of the street. He carries a fine line of fancy groceries and confectioners" goods, and is doing a prosperous and steadily increasing business. He is not a partisan politician, and only takes sufficient interest in party measures to give his support to the man approved by his judgment in any party. Mr. and Mrs. Throop have one son, John W., born in 1S73. W. H. TINSMAN was born August 21. 1836, in Washington, Macomb County. His parents, John A. and Sarah A. (McCracken) Tinsraan, both natives of New Jersey, came to this county in 1S32 and settled in Washington Township, where his father still lives on the same farm where he at first located. His mother died about ten years ago. Mr. Tiusman was reared on the farm and educated in the district schools of the township, and also attended the high school at Romeo. He was a farmer previous to his embarking in mercantile business at Romeo. He came to this village in 1871. August 2S, 1880. he organized, with Charles Willert, a mercantile establishment, which ranks fairly with other business concerns in town. He was married, in 1858. to Mary Jane, daughter of the late Hugh Hosner, of Macomb County. They have four children living — three sons and a -B)fv »i> HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. daughter — Charles W., Homer E.. '^L Florence and J. Lewis. The two first named are at the University of Michigan. Edith died in 1870. Mi-. Tinsman owns a farm of 200 acres on Section 1(3. in Washington. He has been leader of the choir in the Methodist Chiu'ch eight years, and a member of the choir thirty years; also has charge of a musical society in town. Mi\ Tinsman, politically, is a Republican. JOHN R. TURRELL was born April 22, ISll, in the State of Pennsylvania. His birth-place was on the Susijuehanna River. He is son of Joel and Mary (Gray) Turrell, the former a native of Connecticut, the latter of Pennsylvania. They went to Monroe County, N. Y., where Mr. Turrell was reared to the age of twenty and bred to the profes- sion of farmer. He came to Michigan in LS31 and located a farm of eighty acres in W.ishington. east of Romeo, but he lost his health, and, not being able to work his fai-m. disposed of it and worked at Jobbing, chopping, etc.. as opportunity presented. In 183(5, he went to Port Hm-on and opened a groceiy and j^rovision store, where he operated thi'ee years, going thence to Grand River Rapids. He was afterward engaged in grocery and provision trade in Ionia, selling out at the end of tlu-ee years, and then peddled some years, finally returning to Romeo. He was man-ied, December 27, 1842, to Nancy Dus- ing, born in Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y. He then bought a farm in Addison, Oakland County, where he I'emained a year, and afterward engaged in threshing about three years. He worked a farm on shares in Lapeer County some years, and then took the Dusing farm in Washington. In 1S()2, he settled at Romeo. His wife died in March, 1877, having be- come the mother of eleven children, nine of whom are living. He was man'ied again, Au- gust 28, 1878, to Mary Ann Galloway, a native of Canada. Mi-. Turrell is a hale, strong man, and has seen many hardships. He has been a Republican since the organization of the party, and has served a term as Street Commissioner of Romeo. EPHRAIM VANBURGER was born April 4, 1.S33, in New York; is son of Amos and Mahala (Andrews) Vanburger. They came to Michigan in 1S3(5 and settled at Silver Lake, Oakland County. The father, Ephraim, and a brother and three sisters, had the small- pox. All recovered. Mr. Vanbiu'ger came to this county in 1848, and in 1852 settled at Romeo, working as a carpenter about two yeai-s. He was then engaged five years in sur- veying and examining land, and then worked as a shoemaker until August, 18(52, when he enlisted in the civil war for three years. He was captured in Virginia, June 11, 18(34, and was a prisoner at Andersonville, Ga., and Florence, S. C, and honorably discharged June 11, 1865. He was married, August 6, 1865, to Charlotte H. Munroe. They have had two children — Levant, born March 19, 1869, died April 3(\ 1880, of hip disease; and Ella, born July 25, 1875. Mr. Vanburger is a radical Republican; has followed the joiner's trade since the war. LEVI B. VANDECAR was born in Saratoga County, N. Y, September 15, 1850; received his education in the primary schools of his native tovpn, and learned the brick- layer's trade, after which he removed to Macomb County, arriving in the year 1868. He followed the mason's trade at Romeo and at Imlay City, Lapetr County, also at Oxford, Oakland County, and at Lapeer City, a few years, and in 1N79 removed to Isabella County, where he located land and resides at the present time; man-ied, February 15, 1871, to Nancy H., youngest daughter of Erastus Day, of Armada Township. She was born Sep- tember 1, 1851. The fruits of this marriage have been: Harry, born at Lapeer City June 12, 1872; Frank, born at Oxford May 18, 1879. While living at Imlay, the family suffered loss by fire of their dwelling house and contents, which calamity was repeated Dhree years later at Oxford. His present business is general merchant and dealer in tim- ber, in which he has been verj' successful. A post office has been established at his store, and he is the Postmaster, and the office bears his name. He is forward in all society matters, and is, in form of worship, a Baptist, of which both himself and wife are members. HISTORY OF MACOJIB COUNTY. CORNELIUS VIRGIL was born February 1, 1S34, in Tompkins County, N. Y. ; is son of Ira and Betsey (Van Inwagen) Virgil. He remained in his native eounty until the age of twenty-three. At nineteen, he went to Newlield, same county, to leai'n the trade of blacksmith. He served three years, and in lNr)7 came to Michigan and located at New Baltimore, where he worked at his trade nearly two years. He then went on a farm in Ray, where he remained upward of three years. He was married, August 22, 1S()1, to Polly, daughter of Joseph and Maria Chubb, a native of Ray. In August. ISOl, he en- listed in Company A. First Michigan Cavalry, and served about six months. The regiment went to Washington, then to Maryland. Mr. Virgil was taken sick at Capitol Hill. Wash- ington, and was discharged. December 1, 1861, at Frederick City, Md., for disability. He returned home, and. after recovering his health, he went fc > Ray. where he spent two years fc'u'ming one summer and working at his trade the balance of the time. In the spring of 18(34, he came to Romeo and went into business with Gilbert Burnett, who had a shop in operation, and continued with him about six months, when he engaged with Alexander Shelp and worked with him now and then for two years. In 1S6N, he went to Oxford, Oakland County, and had a blacksmith shop there five years. In 1S73, he opened a shop at Romeo, which he has managed eight yeai's. He jim'chased his present residence, on Benjamin street, in 1S66. Politically, he is a Republican. JOSEPH WELLER was boru July 4, 1S81, in Chesterfield, Macomb Co., Mich. ; is son of Elisha and Maria (Vannatta) Weller. His father was boru July 23, ISOO, and his mother in 1(S02, the former in ^^'alTen County, N. J., the latter near Philadelphia. They settled in Chesterfield in the spring of 1S31, located three ''eighties'" of Government land, but retained but one of these tracts. The mother died March 25, 1N()3, aged sixty-one years. The father is still living, in his eighty-second yeiir. . They were German by de- scent. Mr, Weller was brought up on his father's farm, where he passed thirty-five years of his life. His early educational advantages were very limited, owing to the unsettled state of the country. In addition to agriculture, he engaged in threshing some mouths in each year for fifteen years, saving sufficient from his earnings to buy eighty acres adjoin ing his father's farm, which he brought to an advanced state of improvement, and sold in ISOP). He was married, January 26, 1865, to Jeanuette, daughter of Theophilus Kennedy, a pioneer of the county. In October following, he moved to Romeo, formed an association with Albert Kennedy, and bought the sash and blind factory of Holman & Farrar, which they Continued until 187 1. Mr. Weller has since been engaged as a carpenter. In the fall of 1866, he purchased a residence on Benjamin street, to which he made an addition in 1869, and entirelv I'emodeled in 1878. Politicallv, he is a Republican. ROBERT WHITE was born December 25, 1815! in Donegal, Ireland: is son of Da- vid and Jane Elliott A\'hite. His father died in 1826. He is the oldest <>f six children, and came to .America in 1841, bringing with him his wife, Elizabeth Robinson White, and four children. They located at Romeo, and, four years later, he bought twelve acres of wild land, cleared a space, wherein he built his house, and. with the aid of his childi'en, has thoroughly improved the entire place, not a trace of a stump remaining. At the time he bought his land, Main street was inconveniently devoted to stumps, and one day he took up four large ones, receiving $1 for each one. Another party had refused $3 for the job. In the fall of 1853, Mr, Whiie pm'chased eighty acres north of the fair grounds, which is in a state of advanced improvement. He is a mason, and worked at his trade more or less until 1867, when he met with an accident and broke his shoulder, which ne- cessitated the abandonment of severe labor. Mrs. White died May 17, 1863, in her fiftieth year. She became the mother of nine children. Their records are as follows: Eliza resides at Petrolia. Canada; David, twin, lives in Detroit and has five children; George, twin, died December 1, 1879, leaving six children; Robert lives at Lapeer, and has two ;t^ iii. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. childi'en; James is on the farm, and has one child; John lives in Romeo, has two children; Anna Maria lives at Almont, and has five children; the others are Lydia and Martha; the latter died in October, ISfil; all are maiTied but Lydia. There are twenty grandchildren. Ml-. 'White was maiTied again. April 16, 1S65. to Mi-s. Susan M. Drake, born in County Armagh, Ireland. They have one daughter, Mary M., who lives at home. Four of Mr. White's sons are masons, taught by himself; two are carpenters. He has always been an adherent of the Republican party. He and Lis wife are enjoying the reward of frugal, well-ordered lives, and passing their last years in comfort. ROBERT A. Y01TNG,"D. D. S., was bom March 4. bS55, at Lodi, Columbia Co.. Wis. His parents, John A. and Elsie (Erwin) Young, were natives of Pennsylvania. His father was Principal of the High School at Lodi. which he attended until he was nineteen years old. June 3. 1S74, he came to Romeo with his parents, where his father is pastor of the Christian Church, and where he attended school. In the fall of 1S7H. he began the study of dentistry with Dr. Isaac Do\iglass, D. D. S. He attended the university at Ann Arbor two years, and graduated with honor in March, ISSO, entering upon dental practice in September following. He is a member of the State Dental Society, and belongs to the Sons of Temperance. He has tine rooms on Main street, handsomely fitted; is a gentleman of social, genial character, and popular as a mechanical operator and as a citi- zen. CHAPTER XXXI. In the compilation of the histories of the townships, care has been taken to exclude all descriptions which have been fully dealt with in the general history- of the county. The fact that large numbers of the people who made subject for history are treated bio- graphically, in connection with the history of the township to which they belong, ren- dered an extensive historical sketch unnecessary, because in the jiersonal history inci- dents and names are given so intimately associated witli the township, and withal so apjiropriate to the biography in which they occur, that to separate or remove the one would have a tendency to destroy the other. For this reason, a great portion of the history of each tovraship will be found woven with the sketches of its principal inhabitants. ORGANIZATION. The to^vnship of Annadia, or Armada, was organized under a legislative enact- ment, approved April 22, 1833, laying off from the surveyed townships. Town 5 north, Ranges 13 and 14 east of the meridian, and ordering the first township meeting to be held at the house of Edmund Stewart the first Monday in April, 1834. The formal meet- ing of the people to consider the question of organization was held in the year 1832, at Armada Corners (Selleck's), and the organization was strenuously opposed, as uncalled for and unnecessary, but was carried later in the day. When the subject of a name came up, but little time remained. Several names were proposed which did not meet with approval, until Hosea Northi-up jumped up and shouted the name Ai-mada. The name was earned at .once, and probably without a knowledge of its meaning or its fitness. THE FIRST TOWN MEETING. The first town meeting was held April 7, 1834. in accordance with the statute. Henry B. Ten Eyck presided, with Roswell W. Green, Clerk; Darius Sessions and Minot T. ^1 ^A=±z. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Lane were Inspectors of Election. The officers chosen were: Alfred Goodell, Supervisor; Leonard Lee, Clerk; Erastus Day, Eden Ai-mstrong and Iddo Warner, Assessors: Edmund Stewart and Norman Burk, Overseers of the Poor: John Proctor. Chauncey Bailey and Hosea Northrup, Commissioners of Highways; Asa Palmer, Constable; Martin Buzzell, Alfred Goodell, Mino: T. Lane, School Commissioners; Aden Ai-mstrong, E. Steward, M. Buzzell, Asa Holman, Charles Farrar, School Inspectors; Henry B. Ten Eyck, A. Goodell and Darius Sessions, Pound Masters; Joel Cartwi'ight, Job Howell, Peter Woodbeitz, Jos- eph C. Donaldson, A Goeneer, 1868; Nathan Adams, 1869: Eli G. Perkins, 1870; Nathan Adams, 1870; Henry A\'. Bradley, 1871; Gideon Drai)er, 1871; Louis Granger, 1872; Erastus Day, 1872: Louis Granger, 1872, Merril P. Farrar, 1873; Horace H. Spencer, 1874; Gideon Draper, 1875; Abram S. Hall, 1876; Merrill P. Far- .^ \. 4 ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. rar, 1877; Horace H. Speacer, 1878; Gideon Draper, 1879; John E. Barringer. 1879; Albert F. Stowe, 1880; E. Wells True, 1880; Merril P. Farrar, 1881. In this town the whole Republican ticket was elected in 1882, as follows: Super- visor— Charles Andrews, Republican, 196; A. H. Peabody, Democrat, 98; Sabin O. Stump, Greenback, 23; Andrews' plurality, 98. Clerk — B. C. Preston, Republican, 181; Thomas A. Flower, Democrat, 118; Preston's majority, 03. Treasurer — Hiram J. Bar- rows. Republican, 187; G. F. Hebblewhite, Democrat, 113; Barrows' majority, 74. •Justice of the Peace — George F. Adams, Republican, 156; H. H. Spencer, Democrat, 148; Adams" majority, 8. PIONEERS OF ARMADA. Among the first settlers of the township were John Proctor, Erastus, Day. Nathan Rowley. Neil Gray, Norman Pen-y. Eri Buttertield. Elisha D. Andi-ews. Elijah Burke, Norman Bui'ke, Chauucey Bailey, Leonard Lee. Darius Sessions, Israel G. Belknap and Daniel Draper, and a man named Aldi-ich. A trip fi-om the Eastern States to Armada, so late as 1831 was one attended with many difficulties. The usual vicissitudes of canal travel fi'om Rochester to Buffalo, and thence per steamer to Detroit, had to be experienced. The jom-ney from Detroit via Royal Oak to Armada, so well known by many an old settler, was traversed; Mother Handsom's house was visited, and the nucleus of Romeo sui'veyed. S. H. Corbiu and other settlers came in 1831. After a short time passed at Romeo, the land-hunters pushed forward by the locations of Leslie. Day. Edget. Farrar. Iddo Warner, Job Howell, and stayed that night with a man named Belknap, whose log shanty stood on the corner of Section 29. The travelers next packed the necessaries for a two-days' journey, and jjroceeded en route to Section 25, driving their oxen in the yoke. The only houses on the trail at that time were Edmund Stewart's and Andrew Ward's. Previous explorers had cleared a road as far east as Belle River, and so the present travelers had comparatively few obstacles to encounter. They camped on the site of Holly Goyer's house, where they were entertained by whip-poor-will songs and the hum of the ubiquitous mosquito. Goodell, who formed one of the i^ai'ty, is inclined to think there were no less than one hundred whip-poor-wills and ten millions of mosquitoes round their camp-tire that night. The next day, the party was joined by Goodell, Sr., who brought his family to Romeo fi'om Detroit the day pre- vious. Within a few days, the family went out to their future home, and entered the pro- verbial log house of the pioneer June 17, 1831, just one month after they left the old homestead in York State. Here they found themselves in the position of Robinson Crusoe. Leonard Lee was the nearest neighbor, two miles distant, and his home unknown ; the Wards were three miles westward, and Peter Aldrich was living on the John Corbin farm. There were no settlers between them and the Tittabawassee River on the northwest. Lake Huron on the northeast, and St. Clair River on the east. Mrs. Goodell did not see the face of a white woman for almost three months, until Mi-s. Nathaniel Carter and her sister came, in the latter part of September, and passed a portion of a day with her. The In- dians were frequent visitors during the summer, and at one time they were in camp close by for nearly two weeks. Those savages came from their village west of Romeo. They brought with them about live bushels of whortleberries in bark mocacks. which they traded for flom' and meal. At this time, the forest was full of strawberries and blackljerries, so in this respect the pioneers were fully supjilied. Diu-ing the smumer. an acre of land was cleared round the house, and on July 1. 1832. a tract laid down under oats. During the fall, six acres were cleared, and timber prepared for a story-and-a-half house. 18x24 feet. This house was boarded and shingled, the lumber being proom-ed at the Treml)le Mill, three miles from Romeo. Steward, Sessions and Mather came to assist the Goodells in raising this house. 42 ^^.— r- — ^=^ T LkL HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Leonard Lee was appointed Postmaster about that time. Richards was mail-carrier between Romeo and St. Clair, over the Hoxie trail. S. H. Corbin left the Goodell settlement for Rochester, to follow his trade of house- builder. In 1832, he revisited the place, and aided Mr. Goodell, Sr., in getting out tim- ber for his barn. In the summer of 1832, Ira Butterfield and Hinckman Bntterfield located just north of the Goodells. In the winter of 1832-33. Erwin Rose came in. Elijah Biu'ke came in April. 1833, and piu-chased the S. H. Corbin house frame, previously prepared, now form- ing a portion of William H. Clarke's barn. Ingraham came in September. 1833. About the same time, S. H. Corbin revisited the settlement, and, in partnershi]) with one of the first settlers, raised the mill there, and inaugurated the industry in 1834. The wheat crop of 1833 was remarkably good, so that the new mill was a most useful addition to the industries or the entire district. Dui'ing that year, the Black Hawk war, and the extraor- dinary precautions taken by Asahel Bailey, troubled the settlers more or less. The district settled very fast from 1833 to 1838. Perrin Goodell cut a corner on log houses every month in those years, and sometimes assisted in raising four houses per month. The neai'est schoolhouse to the Goodell settlement was on the southeast corner of Nor- man Perry's farm until 1834, when a school building was erected and Miss Betsy Day ap- pointed first teacher. From 1831 to 1840, the roads through the timber lands were almost impassable in the spring and fall. The Fort Gratiot Turn))ike was built by the State, and was laid out fi'om Detroit into the town of Lenox in 1831, and finished as far as Port Huron in 1833. Elijah Bui'ke and a few neighbors laid out the Ridge road iu September, 1834, cut- ting a wagon road from the Parker Adams farm to the lands of Phillip Cudworth. This road soon became famous, and formed a part of the immigrant road from Port Huron to Romeo, so that the Burke location was known to great numbers of immigrants as Burke's Comers, now Armada Village. During the years 1834, ]83r) and 1836, the $5,000,000 loan created excitement, and settlers looked for railroads in every direction. One line — the Northern Michigan Rail- road— was rnn through on the quarter line of the south tier of sections in Armada Town- ship. It was the era of paper enterprises, yet settlers continued to come in great num- bers, and, as a inile, had to {iass through " The Narrows." The immigrants had a certain amount of money — just enough to jiurchase a forty or eighty acre tract of laud, build a log shanty and begin housekeeping. Then they found their means were exhausted, and that they had to work for others. Many of them performed the duties of day laborers until sufficient cash was saved to enable tliem to proceed with the clearing and cultivation of their land. During this time, their waxdi'obes were very limited, and the bottom of their (lour and pork ban-els easily found. However, there were only five cases where peo- ple actually suffered, the interchange of kindnesses preventing anything like a famine. Whenever a deer was killed, portions of the meat were distributed throughout the district. After Hinckman Butterfield had been here some three years, he miscalculated his re- sources, and found, to his sm'prise, that his provisions could not last beyond June I. He was equal to the occasion. Without means to buy flom-, he still {possessed two good cows, and, with the milk which they produced, and boiled basswood leaves, this settler contrived to eke out an existence for thirteen days. Subsequently, he borrowed $10 from a neigh- bor, which sum he invested in five bushels of corn. On another occasion, two brothers drove to N. B. Freeman's store, intent upon piu'- chasing a barrel of flour. They had no money, so they said nothing on financial affairs until tiie flour was placed in their wagon, when one drove off with it, leaving the other to HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ^ explain to Mr. Freeman that they had no money just then, biit, so soon as they would ob- tain some, the barrel of flour should lie paid for. Freeman had no alternative but to wait. In 1832 or 1833, there was a small grocery store established at the Branch. The owner was generally employed clearing land in the vicinity. To render himself equal to the work of watching two things at the same time, he himg a dinner-horn on the door, with a notice below, stating. '"If no one is here, blow the horn." The winter of 1842-43 was known as the hard winter. The weather continued severe from ■' Cold Friday," in Novem!)er, imtil the fii-st Monday of April. 1843. when the snow was two and one-half feet deep on the level. The fii'st child born in the eastern part of the town was Solomon Buttertield. The first death in the eastern part of the town was that of Mrs. David Page. She was buried with her head to the north, on a spot where the old cemetery of years ago was located. The number of acres of improved land in the township in 185(1 was <.600; of imim- proved lands, 9.711; total cash value of same. $222,880. Agricultm-al products: Wheat, 8,615 bushels; corn, 20,070 bushels; oats, 25,186 bushels; all other kinds of grair. 2.960 bushels; potatoes, 5,696 bushels; wool, 11,632 pounds. Dairy products: Butter, 23,- 916 pounds; cheese, 7,410 pounds. Value of orchard produce, 1729. Live stock: Horses, 230; milch cows, 486; working oxen, 215; other neat cattle, 657; sheep, 5.191; swine, 1.112; total value of live stock, f 34. 820. The above is quite a creditable showing, but appears somewhat meager when com- pared with the statistical report as returned by the Supervisor in the spring of 1874. We quote: "Number of acres of improved land in occupied farms, 11,922; wood and other un- improved land, 9,340 acres; cash value of farms, $935,895. Agi-icultural products: Wheat, 20,751 bushels; corn, 32,126 bushels; oats, 43,800 bushels; all other kinds of grain, 13,891 bushels; potatoes, 10,932 bushels;' wool, 34,577 pounds; pork marketed, 73,- 211 pounds. Daii-y products: Butter, 45,070 pounds; cheese, 9,420 pounds; cheese, 9,- 420 pounds. Live stock: Horses, 605; milch cows, 625; working oxen, 17; mules, 3; number of neat cattle (other than oxen and cows). 830; sheep, 16,592; swine, 875: value of live stock of all kinds, $130,653." These figures show an average increase of 250 per cent for the past quarter of a century. The population of the township in 1880 was 1,734, inchiding Armada Village. 800. Li 1850, there were only 1,146 inhabitants: in 1874. 1,562. .\RM.\D.\ VILLAGE. Armada is a thriving incorporated village of 800 inhabitants, settled in 1830, and pleasantly situated in Armada Township, JIacomb County, about midway between Romeo and Ridgeway. It is on the Michigan Air-Line Railway, and is the «enter of a prosper- ous farming region. It has no water-power, and its manufacturing enterprises are lim- ited, embracing a stave and handle factory, sash and blind factory, cheese factory and a flouring-mill. Ai-mada has four chm-ches— Methodist. Cougi-egational, Baptist and Ad- ventist. The Telegraph is published by C. J. Seely. A good hall in connection with the National Hotel h s recently been built. Grain, flour, apples, cheese, staves and handles constitute the principal shipments. Among the principal business men of the village are : Hiram Barrows, Postmaster, general store-keeper and cheese manufactvu-er; Elbert M. Cook. C. A. Lathrop, Theodore H Hinchman. J. W. Jackmau. E. D. Latlirop, G. C. Phillips. William E. Preston, Rob- ert F. Robertson, S. B. Shaw, R.B. Stevens. A. H. Telfer and Ephraim A. Jennings, mer- chants: Edward Bailey, operator of a grist-mill and foundry, three miles east of the vil- lage; Lewis Granger, proprietor of Evaporated Fruit Factory: Horace, William and Albert TV _2) ^ Pt-rkins, owners of the stave and handle factory; Henry Thomson, flom- and grist mill ope- rator. The professions are represented by John E. Barringer, S. T. Beardsley, Charles H. Lincoln, physicians; William H. Clai'k, Jr., lawyer; Gurdon H. Millard, dentist; Charles J. Seely, editor; Rev. Messrs. D. H. Lamson. of the Adventist; Silas Finn, of the Baptist; Rev. H. N. Bissell, of the Congregational; J. L. Av'alker, of the Methodist, are the ministers of the Gospel. The village of Armada was organized under authority given by the Board of Super- visors, October 15, 180'J. The original plat of the village comprised the northeast quar- ter of Section 28: the east half of the southeast quarter of Section 23; the northwest quar- ter of the southeast quarter of Section 33; the northwest qviarter of Section 24; the west half of the southwest quarter of Section 24; the northeast quarter of the southwest quar- ter of Section 24, in Town 5 north, of Range 13 east, or the township of Armada. The act of incorporation ordered the lirst election to be held at the National Hall, on the sec- ond Tuesday in January, or January 14, 1808, under the superintendence of William H. Clark, Jr.. William E. Preston and Francis M. Grout. The record of this election is set forth as follows: President — Hiron Hathaway, 45 votes. Trustees — Elisha Davis, 19 votes; William E. Preston, 47; James Flower, 51; Eben- ezer Brooks, 32; J. E. Barringer, 31: Cyrus S. Farrar, 31; Silas Finn, 31; Charles A. Lathrop. 20; Allen L. Frost, 16. Assessor — Hiram Barrows, 30 votes; Eben Brooks, 19. Marshal and Treasurer — George McCluskev, 50 votes. Clerk— William H. Clark. Jr.. 32 votes; Ezra F. Sibley, 15; William H. Clark. 4. Fire Warden — Alfred Watson. 31 votes; Samuel Barton, 19. Street Commissioner — Elisha Davis, 31 votes; F. M. Grout, 17; Spencer Phelps, 1. Pound Master — Hiron F. Corbiu, 38 votes; Corbin received the entire vote under various names. At a meeting of the board, held February 1, 1868, a series of twenty-seven rules was adopted. President -Hiron Hathaway, 1868; F. M. Grout, 1869; Hiron Hathaway. 1870; Charles Lathrop, 1871; H. F. Corbin, 1872; John E. Barringer, 18 < 3; William E. Pres- ton, 1874; John E. Barringer, 1875; James Flowers, 1876; John E. Barringer, 1877; Hiram BaiTows, 1878; David H. Rarrows, 1879; L. H. Lincoln, 1880; H. H.Spencer, 1881. Recorder ^William H. Clark, Jr., 1868; E. B. Bentley, 1869; Chai-les A. Snover, 1870; Charles A. Snover, 1871; George F. Adams, 1872; D. H. Barrows, 1873; D. H. Barrows, 1874; D. H. Barrows, 1875; D. H. Barrows, 1876; Albert F. Stone. 1877; Albert F. Stone, 1878; Ephraim A. Jennings, 1879. Treasm'er— George McCluskev, 1868; Joseph P. Seeley, 1869; Theo D. Bui'ke, 1870; Elisha D. Lathrop, 1871; W. E.'Preston, 1872; W. E. Preston, 1873; E. D. Lathrop, 1874; E. D. Lathrop, 1875; Robert B. Vibbert, 1876: William E. Preston. 1877; Elbert M. Cook. 1878; Elbert M. Cook, 1879. The officers for 1882-83 are: Horace H. Spencer, Village President; and George C. Phillips, Edwin A. Frost, Samuel T. Beardslee, Elisha D. Lathi'op, A. B. Palmerlee and Dan C. Day, Trustees. Trustees —1868, William E. Preston. James Flower, Ebenezer Brooks, John E. Bar- ringer, C. S. Farrar, Silas Finn; 1869, Jabez Hebbelwhite, Cullen B. Clark, S. T. Beards- ley, Perrin C. Goodell, Allen S. Frost, Henry Mullen; 1870, James Flower, Aug A. Smith, C. A. Lathrop, A. L. Frost, Charles Macauluy. Winlield S. Hathaway; 1871, William Youngs, James Mahafly, J. Hebbelwhite, Charles Macaulay, W. S. Hathaway, Allen Frost; 1872, Lewis Granger, W. J. Brown, B. W. Ormsby, James E. Vincent, James Mills, D. W HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. H. Barrows; 1873, Ebenezer Brooks, Seth Smith. J. M. Mills. Elisha D. Lathrop, George McCluskey, B. W. Ormsby: 1874, Ezra F. Sibley. Charles E. Marble. Culleu B. Clark, Fred M. Garlick. George McCluskey. Seth Smith; 1875, Cyi'us S. Farrar, Jonas Sutton, Bela W. Ormsby (for one year). Nathan Hurd, James Flowers. William F. Preston (for two years): 1876, Charles W. Willett. Charles A. Lathrop. C. W. Millet, Nathan Hurd, Cvms S. Farrar. Jonas Sutton; 1877, William H. fJlai-k, Jr., Cullen B. Clark. J. Hebble- white, Elbert M. Cook, Rufus Small, R-. F. Robertson: 1878. John England, Elisha D. Lathrop. William H. Clark. Jr., Rufus Small. J. Hebbelwhite, W. H. Youugs; 1879, George F. Adams. William E. Pi-eston. J. Neeper, George Barnes. N. H. Pillsbury, Will- iam Lewis. POST OFFICE. The first post office of the village was established in 1843, by the appointment of Solomon Lathrop, Postmaster, and the office in the house of Rev. Samuel A. Benton, the Congregational Pastor of that place. Previous to this time, the nearest office was at the ''Branch," five miles away, from which mail was brought by any person whom business called in that direction, or else a boy astride a horse was sent for it. The postage on a letter from beyond the boundaries of the State was 25 cents, and often was not prepaid. Letters were valuable in those days, from the fact that they cost so much, and also that they did not come very often. The revenue of the office was so exceedingly small that it was taken rather because some one must have it than because of any honor or emolument it might bring. From Solomon Lathrop it jiassed to the bauds of John P. Hall, who lived near the middle of the village, and who removed it from the house of Mr. Benton to his own house. This continued some years (abovit 1S48), when Charles A. Lathrop became Postmaster, and established the office at his store. This was the first of its having a po- sition in a public building. Dr. Snell succeeded Mr. Lathrop, and the office was kept on the northwest corner of the village square. From his hands it passed to William H. Clark, Jr., who kept it in the same jiiace. He was succeeded by Burton W. Seeley, who kept it ou the south side of Ridge street. Mr. Hiram Barrows, the present incumbent, then succeeded to the office, and it was removed to the " Corner Brick." and made a money order office, on which basis it has since been continued. Till', ARM.\D.\ AGRICULTITTI.\T, SOflETY. The Armada Agricultural Society is the outgrowth of the Armada Farmers' and Me- chanics' Club, of the same place, which was organized at the call of a few men. who thought to improve their occupation by free discussion of topics connected with their bus- iness. The organization was effected in 1870. with Hiron J. Hathaway. President; J. E. BaiTinger. Secretary; and Nathan Adams. Treasurer. Meetings were held monthly for discussion, and a plowing match was held each year. The last two years of its existence as a club, a fair was held at the village of Armada, at which no entrance fee was chai'ged and no cash premiums were paid — simply a ribbon to designate a preference. The offi- cers the second year were the same as the first. The third year, John Paton, Sr. . was chosen President, and, upon the death of Mr. Adams, C. A. Lathi'op succeeded him as Treasurer. In February, 1873, a meeting was held responsive to a call of citizens for the purpose of forming an agricultural society upon a broader basis, and capable of becoming an in- corporated body. All being favorably inclined, the object was effected, and the Armada Agricultm-al Society began its existence with Hon. Charles Ancb-ews, President; John E. BaiTinger. Secretaiy; Charles A. Lathrop. Treasurer: and a Board of Directors as follows: The first fair of this society was held at the society's grounds during the first week in October. 1873. The number of entries was 800, and the amount paid in prizes about -IB IV jyj $300. The society paid all premiums and expenses, and had a balance left in the treas- ury. The society was organized on the basis of a jnirely agi'icultnral fair, and no race- track is provided, and no premiums oflered for speed. The people have supported it with great liberality, and each year's finances have been a token of the success of the enter- prise. The grounds are tastily arranged with evergreen and forest trees, nicely fenced, and provided with hue offices, buildings and sheds, and the society has funds in its treas- m-y. The following gentlemen have acted as Presidents: Charles Andrews, six years; John McKay, two years; W. D. Fettibone, one year; George W. Phillips, at present. John E. Barringer, Secretary fi'om the organization. Treasiu'er: Charles A. Lathrop, thi'ee years; James Steven, two years; W. D. Pettiboue, one year; Charles Andrews, one year; H. Barrows, one year; George C. Phillips, Treasurer at present. Number of entries last fair, 2,050; amoimt paid out in premiums, $548. "25. THE AKMADA C. L. S. C. The Armada Branch of the Chautauqua Literary and Scieutihc Circle was organized in the fall of LSSO. The circle consists of two classes of members — the regular, who are members of the central oi'ganizatiou, to which they are accountable for the amount of reading done; and the local, who are simply members of the local circle, and in no way responsible to the central society, and who are at liberty to carry on the full course of reading or not, as they see tit. A four-years' course of reading is designated, which " embraces the general subjects of histoiy. science, literatm-e and the Bible study," and a diploma is given to the regular members who complete the course in a satisfactory manner. The regular charter membern were: iVIi's. H. Barrows. President; Miss Lizzie Fletcher, Secretary and Treasurer; Mrs. A. Lincoln, Mrs. A. E. Johnson, Miss Jennie Macauley, Dr. C. H. Lincoln. Mrs. Charles Carter, Miss Hattie Andi-ews, Miss Sophia Cryderman, H. J. Rarrows. The local charter members were: Rev. J. L. Walker, Mrs. E. W. Fletcher, Mrs. N. H. Pillsbury, John E. Day, Mrs. W. D. Pettibone, William H. Yoimgs, George C. Fletcher. Additions have been made to both classes of members from time to time, and the prospects seem to indicate for the future the same increase of interest that has marked its history thus far. The circle meets every week for the discussion for the required reading for the week, and listening to original papers upon subjects pertaining to the lesson. The officers at the present time are: Mrs. Charles A. Lathroj). President; Mrs. H. J. Barrows, Secretary and Treasurer. BRUCK .\.\I) .Mi.M.VU.^ I.ITEUAEY .SOCIKTY. The young people met at the residence of G. W. Phillips December 11, 1S78, for the purpose of organizing a literary society. A committee of three, consisting of R. J. Craw- ford, T. JVL Stephen and C. E. Phillips, were appointed to form a constitution and by-laws. Saturday evening, December 24, 187S, met at residence of J. E. Day and adopted the con- stitution, and also elected charter officers, viz.: President, J. E. Day; Vice President, G. W. Phillips, Jr.; Treasm-er. T. M. Stephen; Secretary, C. E. Phillips; Librarian. Mrs. J. E. Day. THE AltJlADA EITEUAHY SOI lETV. The Armada Literary Society was organized as the Athenoeum in 1877, with Hiram J. Barrows, President, and Albert Stow, Seoretaiy. In 1878, it was re-organized, under the name of the Armada Literary Society, with Hiram J. Barrows, President. With this organization the Ladies' Literary Society of the village consolidated in January, 1880 Amonu: the members who have held the office of President are Hiram J. Barrows, Bert C. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Preston, Albert F. Stowe, Sterry J. Lamson, Elisha D. A. True, Lewis M. Smith. The society has a collection of tifty volumes. SCHOOLS. The tirst schoolhouse in Armada Township was situate on the land of Col. Peny, near Armada Corners, built of logs, cut and put up by a "bee," and covered with lumber do- nated by Noah Webster — 1,000 feet. The deficiency was sup]>lied with slabs. The name of the first teacher is not remembered. The second house was a log one, near the house of Alfred Goodale. A school had been kept in the barn of that gentleman by Miss Harriet Perkins. Miss Betsey Day, now wife of Erastus Day, taught the second school. This was in 183*5. About this time, a schoolhouse was built at the village. This house was built of slabs stood up endwise, spiked to a frame made of poles, and covered with slabs. The first teacher in this school was a Miss Day. who came from Massachusf^tts, and soon returned lo that State. The first male teacher in this school was George Lathrop, son of Solomon Lathrop. in 1838 or 1839. He was followed by Miss Anielia Bancroft, who was succeeded by Joseph Goodell. This young man was exceedingly tall. auJ it is said that, when he jumped the rope with the children, his head appeared above the ridge of the building. Charles A. Lathrop was a teacher in this school. In 1843, Rev. S. A. Benton, who had lately arrived from Vermont, where he had received a classical education, had a class of .seventeen pupils in the parlor of his house, in which he was assisted by Dr. J. P. Gleason. This lasted one term, soon followed by Rev. Eleazer \V. True, a fully edu- cated man from the East, who opened a private academy in a building erected for that pm'pose in the southeast part of the village. This school was successfully conducted from 1848 to 1853, and was the last of the select schools of Ai'mada. Rev. Ml'. Benton was pastor of the Congregational Church of Armada several years; removed to Iowa, where he died about the year 1870. Rev. Mr. True died in Armada Township in 1874. Of the teachers in the public school, it is impossible to even mention all. The following are some of them: Edwin Pettiljone, Clark Hall, S. E. AN'hitney, Stowe, E. M. Plunkett, A. S. Hall. Kidder, A. M. Keeler. The first structure soon gave place to a frame Ijuilding, anj was superseded by a brick building. This was enlarged to m^et the growing demands of the school, which is at present in a thi'iving con- dition. KIOKKAI'in'. This most important branch of township history must commend itself to every one. That it necessarily contains much valuable information, and the relation of a series of events more or less historic, must be conceded. Therefore, it is considered just and proper that anything which should clai)n a place in the pages devoted to it should be passed lightly over in the foregoing chajiters in order to avoid repetition, and to intermingle with these interesting sketches the more comjilete facts gleaned from the party who knows them best. EDWARD ADAMS, son of Nathan and Margaret A. (Smith) Adams, was born Au gust 7, 1S36; he became a teacher in the public schools, at which he engaged for five terms; was married. May 10. lN5i), to Elizabeth Coykendall, daughter of Emanuel Coy- kendall, Ontario County, N. Y. ; they had two children, both of whom are living on the homestead — Charles E., born April 12. 18(51; Ella. December 1, 1859. Mrs. A. was born July 19, 1839, in Ontario County. N. Y. Mi-. A. is a successful farmer, takes a great in- terest in the schools of the township and is politically a Republican. NATHAN ADAMS, son of John and Susanna (Morse) Adams, natives of Massachu- setts, was born in Cheshire. N. H.. November 1. 1809; married Margaret A. Smith, Octo- i V bw i;i. 1S8H. and moved to Macomb in the full of 1N;!4. aud settled on Section 18, in Ar- mada Townshi]). where he took from the Government UiO acres of land, which he improved and occupied niitil his death, which occiu'red Se|)tember 12. 1NT2; they ha, 1S6U. Mi-s. B. was born in Glasgow, Scotland, July 11, lS34; she had one daughter — Marion Little — born at Mt. Clemens August 20, 1^55. married Charles Carter and lives in Armada. Mr. B. enlisted in the Ninth Michigan Regiment Infantry, Comjjany A; was elected by the company Second Lieutenant; made First Lieu- tenant December 10, ISOl; was wounded in action and taken prisoner at Murfreesboro July 13, 1S62: exchanged August 27; made Captain October 18, lSfi2; mustered out No- vember 16, 1S04; returned home in March. 1SB5. The regiment was engaged in twelve battles, in all but one of which Mr. B. himself was engaged. Soon after the war, he, with Dr. Smith, began the erection of the first brick block in the village of Armada, upon the completion of which he commenced mercantile business; he was appointed Postmaster, in February, ISGl), which office he still holds; in 1S75, in company with Cyrus Farrar, he commenced the manufacture of cheese in the village, but he soon bought out the partner, and has since successfully prosecvited the work; he was elected Deacon of the Congrega- tional Church of Armada in lS4y; also Superintendent of the Sabbath school soon after, both of which positions he still holds; in politics, he is a steadfast Republican; the sons are engaged in business with their father, under the firm name of H. Barrows & Sons. DR. SAMUEL T. BEARDSLEE, son of Thomas Beardslee and Rachel Tuttle, daughter of E. Tuttle, of Sussex, N. Y., was born iii New Jersey August lU, 1S2N; moved with his parents to Oakland County in 1.S32; they cleared up a farm in the township of Independence, after which Samuel Beardslee commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Paddock, of Poutiac, and attended the medical course at Ann Arbor two terms and a course in chemistry; graduated from the Albany Medical Institute in 1S56; in IS")?, came to the village of Armada and began the practice of his profession, which he has prosecuted without interruption to the present time. Married, December IS, 1S7(), Betsey A., daughter of James McCanley, of Ontario Comity, N. Y. ; she was born January 3, 1844. and has one child — J. Allen, born December 11, LSTS. Dr. Beardslee has a fine residence in the vil- lage and a farm in Berlin of 257 acres; this property he has accumulated by his close at- tention to his practice. Li politics, he is a Republican. REY. HENRY N. BISSELL, son of Anson Bissell and Joanna Dart, daughter of Dr. Dart, of Vernon, Conn. ; his father was a native of East AVindsor, Conn. , and a Deacon of the Congregational Church of that place; he died December 28, 1S72, at Milan, Ohio, aged eighty-five years; the mother died at the same place October 28, 1846. aged sixty-one years. The family are direct descendants of John Bissell, the first of that name in America, who came from Somersetshire, England, and settled on the Connecticut River at Windsor, where many of the same name still reside. The subject of this sketch was born at East Windsor, Conn., June 2, 1816; he entered the Sophomore class of Yale College in 1886 and graduated in 188i); taught in the Huron Institute, in Milan, Ohio, three years; then entered the Theological Department of the Western Reserve College, of Ohio, sup- porting himself and a brother, who afterward Ijeeame a missionarj' in India; he spent the first eight years of ministerial work in Lyme, Huron Co., Ohio; then as acting pastor for ■^ ,> HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. twenty-seven years at Mt. Clemens. Macomb County, from 1S54; moved to Armada as pastor of the Congregational Church in ISSl. He was married. May 5. 1846, in Man- chester, Conn., to Elizabeth Hale, daughter of Nathaniel Hubbard, a native of Bolton, Conn. ; they have no children. Mr. B. has directed the education and assisted in bearing the expenses of two nephews, sons of the brother in India, who are now in the ministry in this State; he is and always has been a man of great energy and a hard worker and stu- dent, and is firm in the faith of the orthodox church; he is a Republican in politics. EBENEZER BROOKS, son of Ebenezer and Tamar (Ross) Brooks, natives of Wor- cester County, Mass. , was born January 15, ISOy, in Poultney, Vt. ; came to Macomb Coimty in 1S34; remained one year, and then returned and married Eliza P. Davis, daugh- ter of Elisha Davis, of Lancaster. Mass.; she was born October 2, ISOU; he took eighty acres of Government land on Section 7. Lenox Township, which he improved and sold in 1868, moving to Armada Village, where he now resides; had one child — Charles D. — born May 5, 1886, died September. 1S5U. Mr. Brooks took an active part in all the interests of the county; was forward in promoting chiu'ch and Sabbath school work, and a Deacon of the Baptist Church, both in Lenox and at this place. In politics, he is a Whig, Free- Soiler and Republican. Grandfather William Brooks served his country in the war of the Revolution, being engaged in the battle of Bunker Hill and died of disease resulting from the war. WILLIAM H. BUMP was born in Mariden. Monroe Co., N. Y., March 29, 1827; he is the son of Robert and Cjmthia Btimp. The family moved to Romeo Village, May 1 5, 1884. where they remained one and a half years. Robert Bump was a shoemaker by trade and worked in a shop with Judge Prentice and in the families of the settlers, going from home to home, a common practice of that day, styled whipping the cat; they moved to their farm, on Section 85, -li-mada, in October, 1885; the mother died in 1864, and the father fom- years later. Mr. B. was married. November 2, 1856, to Martha, daughter of Robert and Caroline Kelley, of Ontario; they have one daughter — Geneva, born August 4. 1857. residing at home. Mr. B. has always been a Democrat in political faith and practice. ELIJAH BTJRK is a native of Mexico. N. Y., born June 18, 1S07; he lived in Western New York as a farmer until 1888, when he removed to Macomb County, settling on what is now the village of Armada; his brother. Norman Biu'k, had settled near the center of Armada Towushiii two years before. Mr. Bm-k moved through Romeo, thence to his brother's and cut his road from there to his land. He was married, December 20. 1S2U, to Betsey A. Burdick, a native of Cajiiga County. N. Y., born in 1812, and had four chil- di-en, all living; two sons served in the civil war. Mr. Bm-k was forwai-d in all that would benefit the new settlement; the first religious services were held at his house and he was a willing helper in the Sabbath school and other means of moral growth —always a strong temperance man and a Whig in politics. Mr. Bm'k is remembered with great affection by the old settlers of Armada, for his house often sheltered them till one could be built for them. Though poor himself, he would always divide with those more needy: a neighbor lost a cow ; Mr. B. gave him the use of one of his cows till the loss could be repaired ; his team was freely used by any who needed it, and people said: "If all men were like Mr. Burk. much of the' hardship of settling a new country would not be felt." He died at his home in Armada in 1S48. NATHANIEL CARTER, son of Nathaniel and Eunice (Lincoln) Carter, of Leomin- ster, Mass.. was born at that place February 20. 1806; his grandfather. Nathaniel, was a Captain in the war of the Revolution, and his great-grandfather, Nathaniel, was one of the fii'st settlers of New England. The name Nathaniel has run through five generations. They are of English extraction. Mi-. C. left Massachiisetts for the State of Michigan, Sep- ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tember '20, ISHl, arriving in Macomb County after a journey of twenty-five days; lie lo- cated eighty acres of land on Section H-t. and afterward bought eighty acres adjoining, on which he has made his present farm and has lived upon it continuously fifty-one years; in the month of March I'l,. 1888, he was married to Chloe Stewart, daughter of Edmund Stewart, and has had three children — George N. Cai'ter, born March 31, 1S34, who resides upon the old home farm; Mary J., born Ajsril 4, 1S58. died in infancy; Eddie B., born November 12, 1859, died July 6, 1863. Mr. C. has been a Republican from the birth of that party and has held several imjjortant township oiSces; he has given much thought and study to the subject of mechanism, and had at one time a mowing machine in opera- tion before the present mower was invented ; he has also studied much ui)on the subject of aerial navigation, and also a plan to propel canal-boats by means of compressed air — an idea which has since been put into successful operation; he built a saw-mill on Coon Creek, in 1833, being the second one east of Stony Creek; he has been a member of the Congregational Church thirty years; in 1858, a candidate on the Free-Stjil ticket for leg- islator. George N. Carter, son of the above, was born March 31, 1834, in Ai-mada Town- ship: has always lived upcm the home farm; was married, February 6, 1856, to Mary A. Simons, daughter of Charles Simons, Genesee County, N. Y. : they have had fom- children — Charles C, born May 4, 1857, who married Marion Little, August 19, 1880, and is now in business in Armada Village; Lottie J., born April 30, 1864, and died June 19, 1866; Eva B.,born October 4, 1867; Mary E., born September 16, 1874. Mr. and Mrs. C. have been members of the Congregational Church of Armada for many years. Mrs. C. was a successful teacher in the public schools. He is, in political belief, a Republican. CHAUNCY R. CHAMBERLIN, son of Beekman Chamberlin, born in Armada Feb. 3, 1836; lived with his father's family on the homestead, on Section 4, Armada Township, and, in company with his brother David, still occupies it. He was married, October 25, 1S63, to Mary, daughter of John C. Morris, of Pennsylvania; the children of this marriage are: Chauncy, born November C>, 1865: Susan, born August 3, 1867; John, born March 24, 1870, died in infancy: Phebe, born August IN, 1871: Wilfred, born July 25, 1873; also an infant, who died March 9, 1875. Mrs. Chamberlin was born January 22, 1845. Mr. C. and brother are favorably known to the early settlers of the county as threshers for manv years; he is a Republican in politics. 'MRS. DOROTHEA (THOMPSON) CHAMBERLIN, daughter of Isaac Thompson, formerly of Yates County, N. Y. , born at that place October 2, 1814; moved with her parents to Macomb County October 1, 1825, and lived in Bruce Township, neai' Romeo, until Febru- ary 29, 1840, when she was married to Charles W. Chamberlin, and settled on Section 33, Armada Township. Mr. Chamberlin died on this farm August 22, 1844; they had three children — Oscar, born June 28, 1841, enlisted in Company A, Ninth Michigan Infantry, at Armada, served three years, and was honorably discharged: he is married and now lives in Ray Township: Jane E., born Sejitember 28, 1842. married E. ^V. True, and lives at Ai-mada Village; Charles W., born November 29, 1844, now lives upon the homestead. Charles W. , son of above, was married December 1, 1869, to Mary J. Jury, of England; is farmer on the homestead and has two children — Adelbert, born September 17, 1871. and Fanny D., born July 30, 1876. The Chamberlins hoid to the doctrine of universal salva- tion, and, politically, are Republicans. GALEN CH.\\IBERLIN, son of Beekman Chamberlin. was born in Ontario Couuty, N. Y., May 12, 1817; removed to Macomb County in 1834; from 1850 to the present time, he has owned fai'ms in various places in Armada Township, and at present lives on Sec- tion 9; was married, in 1851, to Millia, daughter of Stephen Harrington; he has one son and one daughter, both at home. Beekman C, son of the above, born October 17, 1852, has always lived at home; was man-ied, September 17, 1876, to Hattie House, of St. Clair HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. County, and lias one child — Myi-tie Belle, born August '21, 187S; botli the Chamberlias are well known as threshers for many years; they are Republicans in politics. WILLIAM H. CLARK, son of Peter and Elizabeth (Wilson) Clark, was born in Hop- kinton, Mass., August 4, 1805. His father, Peter Clark, was a native of Newton, Mass., and was a soldier in the Revolution. Lived at that place until seventeen years of age, and then moved to Medway, Mass., as an apprentice in the manufacture of cotton machin- ery; followed this business for fifteen years, and then engaged in the di-y goods trade, at Springfield. Mass., now Chicopee, seven years; from here he moved to Michigan; in 1S45. settled in Elba, Lapeer County, as a farmer, on a new farm near the Chippewa Indian Mission, and lived on this place; was Treasurer of Lapeer County for six years; moved to Macomb County in 1S(W, and settled on the ridge one mile west of Armada Vil- lage, called the Chamberlin place, where he now resides. He married Frances Martin, daughter of Mrs. Elizabeth Rodgers Martin, natives of Portsmouth, N. H. ; she was a de- scendant of the martyr, John Rodgers: they had ten children; six are living; his wife died at Lapeer City September 10, 187(3. WILLIAM H. CLARK, Jr., is the son of William H. Clark, of Massachusetts; he was born in Dover, N. H. , December 1'2, 1828; educated at Chicopee, Hampton Co., Mass., in the common schools; from the age of foui'teen to eighteen, he engaged in a wholesale commission house in Boston; in 1846, he came to Lapeer County, being one of the pioneers; he lived on a farm for two years: he began the study of law at Lapeer, Mich. ; was admitted to the bar at the August term of the Circuit Court, held at Lapeer in 1858; he came to Ai-mada in November, 1858, and engaged in mercantile pursuits: at the end of four years, he enlisted, November 10. 18(52, in Company G, Eighth Michigan Cav- alry, of which he was Sergeant; he was promoted to Second Lieutenant, and was in active service until March, 1864, at which time he resigned on account of ill health; wasengaged in eighteen battles and skirmishes and once wounded; on returning home and recovering his health, he commenced the practice of law in the courts of Macomb County, in which business he still continues; he held the office of Circuit Com-t Commissioner for six years and Postmaster of Armada for four years; has always interested himself in agriculture; was one of the originators of the Armada Agi-icultural Society and a director in the same. In politics, he is a Democrat. He was married, October ID, 18")2,to Mary Shafer, daugh- ter of John Shafer, a pioneer of Lapeer County: they have four children — Mary F., born May 14, 1856, married K. S. Buck, and living in St. Clair County; William E., born De- cember 2, 1858. died February 24, 18(54; Emma E., born November (5, 18()5, living at home: Josephine, born November 26, 1871. Mrs. Clark was born June U, 1828, in Hills dale, Columbia Co., N. Y.: her father, who died February 22, 1SS2, located the land on which part of the city of Lapeer now stands, and made a plat of the city on record of Shafer's plat. JAMES CRA.WFORD. son of Robert Crawford, of Scotland, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, June 24, 1827; emigrated to America in 18:51; they stopped at Buffalo two years, where the mother died of cholera: the family then moved to the vicinity of Romeo, and lived two years there; purchased eighty acres of land, on Section 17, to which the family removed; the father,' Robert Crawford, was a farmer and gardener in the mother country; he was born August 4, 1796, and still resides on the homestead. James Craw- ford was married. June 28, 1S56. to Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Borland, of Scotland, and had three children — Robert J., born September 1, 1857. a public teacher; Thomas, born December 10, 1858; Anna E., born April 28, 1N62, died February 15, 1876. Mr. Crawford is a farmer and stock-raiser; has a hop-yard which yields annually 1500; there is a pioneer on this farm in the person of " Old Nig" — a horse — which has reached the age ^1 of twenty-eight years, call of which he has spent on the farm. Mr. Crawford is a Ropuli- lican in politics. PHILIP C. CUDWORTH, son of David and Mary Cudworth, was born in the town of Richmond. Ontario Co.. N Y., March HO, ISll; the grandfather on the mother's side served in the war of the Revohition, and both were of English origin: he moved to Ma- comb County in October, 1S;^5, and settled on Section -54, in Richmond Township, and gave the name to that town; moved to his present farm in Ai-mada Township Ncivembei-, iSa^: was married, October 1, \8-io, to Tamsin Tnbbs, of Ontario County, N. Y. ; they have liad six children, five of whom still live — Xenophon O. ,born April IQ, 1887, mar- ried Martha Hicks and lives on Section 36, Armada: Philip, born December 24, J839, en- listed in Company A, Ninth Regiment, Michigan Infantry, under Col. Wilkinson, and died at West Point, Ky., of fever: Harriet, born November 10, 1842, married L. Fillmore and died in Lenox November 28, 1801; Gerusha A. born Junuary H, 1844. married Charles Chapman, and now lives in Iowa; Mary, born April 18, 1847, married Peter Scott and now resides at Decatur, Iowa, in the town of Grand River, and built the tirst house in that village: David S., born May 20. 1850. married Ilinda Fillmore, and lives on Sec- tion 8. Ray Township. Mr. and Mrs. Cudworth have been members of the Methodist Church for thirty-eight years; he voted the Democratic ticket twice, siuee which time he has been a Republican. He was the first Postmaster in Richmond, Mich., when the office supplied mail to six townships; the route was from Lakeville to St. Clair, and postage was from 10 to 25 cents per letter and Canada letters a good deal more. The gi-andfather of Mrs. Cudworth was a Revolutionary soldier; her family were of English and Scotch blood. XENOPHON O. CUDWORTH, son of Philip and Tamsin (Tubbs) Cudworth, was born in Richmond Township April 10. 1887; moved with his parents to Armada Town- ship in 1852. Was married, December 25. 1858. to Martha Hicks, and has three children — Philip Elton, born February 14, 1862, now living at home; Burton H. . born October 26, 1866; Frank S.. born February 21, 1868. Mr. Cudworth worked a farm on shares, in Richmond Township one year, then purchased a farm of Mr. William Abbey, in Ai'mada Township. Section 86. paying therefor the sum of $2,250; in 186U. he built a substantial and tasty brick residence, in which he now resides; he has held responsible offices. JAMES DAVIDSON, son of William Davidson, of Ontario, Province of Canada, was born in the Dominion August 14, 1829; removed to Michigan in 1856, to St. Clair County, and to Macomb in May, 1862; settled in Section 8. Armada Township, where he now re- sides; now owns and works a farm of 115 acres. He is a carpenter by trade. He was married, October 12. 1855, to Lucinda Russell, of Ontario, who was born April 20. 1881; they have four childi-en — Loder, born August 20, 1856, died October 22, 1862; Elvira, born June 28, 1858; AVilliam. Jime 18, 1860; Agnes, May 12, 1862; James, June 17. 1864. Mr. D. has made many improvements in his farm, and has succeeded as a farmer; he is a Republican. CHARLES DAVIS was born in Rhode Island March 7, 17'.)8; was the son of Benja- min Davis, who was a pensioner of the war of the Revolution, and died in the State of Rhode Island in the year 1800; the wife of Benjamin enjoyed the pension for some years, and died in Macomb County about the year 1840, at the age of ninety-two years. Charles Davis removed his family to Macomb in 1886, and settled on Section 19, Richmond, which was then a wilderness; he died in Armada Village in May, 1880. Mrs. Davis died in 1888; he married again, Lucinda AVhite, who still lives in the village. Mr. Davis had seven rhiklren, five of whom are still living. RILEY DAVIS, son of Charles and Chelsa H. (Dodge) Davis, of Rhode Island and New Hampshire, was born in Genesee County, N. Y., April 26, 1836; removed to Macomb HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. July, 1836: lived ia Eichmond till attaining his majority. Was married in 1865. to Eliza Berry, of Ontario, Canada: married again. February 16. 1881, to Mrs. Charles Snover. n6e Dulmadge: has one child— George R. Davis, born December 4. 1881: was a farmer in Richmond Township until 187U, at which time he removed to Ai-mada Village and engaged one year in a market; he still resides in the place and is a member of the Democratic party. SETH DAVIS, son of Charles Davis, of Rhode Island, and Chelsa (Dodge) Davis, of New York, was born in Richmond Township July 13, 184(1: lived on the homestead until 1863: then enlisted in Company A, Michigan Provost Guards; was sent to the Upper Peninsula, stayed one summer there, and then went as commissioned officer with Capt. Cioodell; left the State, October 22, for Alabama; was in active service; promoted to First Lieutenant and discharged in three years, June 10, 1866. He returned to a farm in Eichmond, on Section 16, and was married, in September, 1867, to Lois E., daughter of William Gil- bert, of Iowa; she was born April 13, 1846; their children were: Ada M., born February 1, 1870; Nellie B,, May 22. 1873; Bert C, May 26. 1879; Harry G., September 17, 1881. June 10, 1873. Mr. Davis left the farm and kept a hotel in Annada Village one year; then built a residence in the village, where he now resides; politically, he is a member of the Greenback party. DANIEL C. DAY, son of Russell and Charlotte (Smith) Day, was born in Bruce Township December U. 1849; always lived at home; was married, January 14, 1880. to Belle Quick, of Macomb County, daughter of Henry Quick, of Ontario County, N. Y., born July 17, 18r)7; has one child — Clarence, born June 1, 1881. Mr. D. resides in the village of Armada, manages a small farm and engages in the packing and sale of small fruit; in politics, he is a Republican. Elizabeth Day Bennett, sister of the above, born January 19, 1842, married, February 14, 1865, to Watson Bennett, who died in Illinois by an ac- cident, March 4, 1873: she has one daughter and lives in Macomb County. Russell Day (deceased), son of Erastus and Lucy Willard Day, natives of Dalton, Mass.. was born at Leeds, Elizabeth Co., C. W., May 24, 1813. The family made but a short stay in Canada; moved to Genesee County, N. Y. ; the family removed to Romeo, Macomb Coimty, in 1828, a'--d settled on land near Romeo; on the death of his father, he a.ssumed the home fai-m until 1843. He was married. March 1, 1841, to Miss Charlotte Smith, daughter of Isaiah Smith, of Aurelius, Cayuga Co.. N. Y. : she was born September 15, 1815: they had eight children, of whom six are living, all in Macomb County; in 1843, he exchanged the old farm for land on Section 19, .Armada: soon exchanged this for a farm on Section 24, in Bruce, where he spent the greater portion of his life: in 1860, he sold this farm and bought on Section 13. Bruce, where he lived sixteen years; went to a small place in Ai-- mada Township, Section 30, two years; then to Ai-mada Village, where he died June 13, 1880. Mi-s. D. still lives in Armada Village. He was a genial, kind-hearted man, foi-ward in improvements and right in all moral questions; in politics, a Republican. URIEL DAY, son of Harry Day, of Dalton, Mass., and Nancy Chamberlin. of the same place, was born in Otsego County. N. Y., December 10, 1810': lived nine years in Pennsylvania and moved to Macomb County in 1833, and cleared a farm on Section 7, Af- mada Township, on which he still resides. He was married, September 12, 1833, to Olive Sperry, who was born August 22, 1812: they haa four children — Emily, born June 25, 1834, "married S. Hulett, andlives in Armada Township: Cordelia, born June 8, 183/, mar- ried H. Howgate, and lives in Washington, D. C. : Caroline, born December 16, 1839, married Robert McKay, and lives in Bruce Townshij); Lucinda E. ,born October 16, 1862, married John McKay, and lives in Annada Township. Mr. Day has been a prominent man in the early history of Macomb County, and is, in politics, a Republican: he has been for many years a member of the M. E. Church and assisted in building churches at Romeo and Armada. :t^ S't^" HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. GIDEON DRAPER was born Juue 16, 1812, in Ontario County, N. Y.; came with the family of his father to Maoomb County in 18H1 : his father was Daniel Draper, born in the town of Rupert, in the State of Vermont, ou the 18th of October, 1778; he was married in that place and had one child: in iSO'i. he moved to the State of New York, and had eight other children: three of his children still survive: he owned and improved laud in several places in Armada Township, and died in 18()(\ Mrs. D. died three years later. On arriving at the age of twenty-one, Gideon Draper bought land in Armada which he sold to Uriel Day, and again bought on Section ■"), at the rate of $") per acre; this he converted into a home and occupies it at present. September 1."), 18>!6, he married Eliza, daughter of Phebe Benedict, a native of New York, and they had seven children — Adam C. born December IT), 1887. Adamantha C, born March 8, 183',*: Cvnthia J., Januarv 1, 1841; Elijah P. ^ June L'H, 1848; Gideon. December 23, 1845; Alice, June 13, 1847, died June '24, 18/3: Milton W., born March 12, 1849, served in the late war, as did also his brother Elijah; Milton died at Huntsville, Ala., March 6, 1865. Mrs. D. died at the homestead May 23, 1877. aged sixty-one years. Mr. D. ha.^ been a member and steward in the M. E. Church forty-four years, and held, most of the time, an office in the church, and contributed to the erection of chm'ches in several places; an officer in the township and society, a Justice of the Peace for twenty-two years; politically, a Republican. ORSON C. DUNHAM, son of Daniel Dorreiice Dunham anil Julia A. (Clark) Dun- ham, was born January 11, 1836, at Rockport, Cuyahoga Co.. Ohio; moved from Ohio with his parents to Macomb County and settled on Section 36, Armada Township, where he lived two years and then moved to the west side of the same section, where they made their home until 1876, when they moved to their present home, on Section 35. same town- ship; the father died at this place November 11, 1867. Orson was man-ied, November 13, 1864. to Salina Walton, of Richmond Township, and has one child — (!harles, born Feb- ruary 2. 1874. The great-grandfather on the mother's side was a Revolutionary soldier, and the grandfather served in the war of 1812. The mother is still living with him on the old farm. Politically, Mr. Dunham is a Republican. THE FARRAR FAMILY. Phineas Farrai- was a native of Marlboro, N. H. ; mar- ried to Abigail Stone, of the same jjlace, and all his children, ten in number, were born at that place; he was a farmer in New Hampshire, from which he i-etired in the year 1850. and removed to Macomb with his son Charles, and died September 24, 1855; his wife died in New Hampshire some years before. Charles Farrar, son of the above, was born November 10, 1796; he spent his younger yeai's in Boston as a carpenter and came to Macomb County June I'J, 1832, and settled on Section 30, Armada Township, and be- gan at once to develop the water-power, since known as Farrar" s Mill; he tirst put in ma- chinery for the manufactui'e of hand-rakes: afterward added the manufacture of clothes- pins, broom-handles, etc. ; after two years started a saw-mill, and in these branches of business he was engaged until the time of his death, which occurred April 26, 1863. j\Ir. Farrar was married. March 11, 1822, to Dorcas, daughter of Abram Cooledge, of Troy, N. H., and had three sons — Merrill P., born at Boston May 19, 1823, now living on the home- stead; Charles C, born at Boston October 26, 1825, now living in the city of Flint; Cyrus S . born at Boston October 16, 1831, now at East Saginaw, Mich. Mrs. Farrai' died at the homestead May 12, 1855. Mr. Farrar was afterward married to Mrs. Mary D. Bar- bour, who still survives. Merrill P. Farrar, son of the above, was born May 19. 1823; came to Maeoml) County with his parents in 1S;)2, and became a farmer upon the home- stead. He was married, September 12, 1848, to Sarah, daughter of Moses Perkins, of Troy, N. H., and had two children — Mary B., born Jul}' 19, 1849, died at home December 10, 1871; Hattie M., born July 17, 1851, married Frank L. Day, September 2, 1873, died at the old homo February 27, 1880. Mrs, Farrar died January 19, 1854, Mr, Farrar again i V 4^ married. Ann M. Pringle, April 80, 1856. Han-iet Farrar, daughter of the above, mar- ried Frank L. Day, and had two childi'en — Harry, born September 24, 1874: Hattie E.. born November 11. 1S77. The family has always been Congi-egational and Repiiblican in polities, and Mr. Merrill Farrar has held responsible township offices many j-ears. HEZEKIAH FARRINGTON. the son of James and Nancy (Ames) FaiTiiigton. was born in Canada January '29, 1882; his parents were natives of New England; his mother died in Ai-mada Febraary ■">. 186(3; his father lives at present at Almont, Mich., at the age of eighty-eight years. Mr. Farrington settled on a farm near the center of Armada Town- ship; the mother died in Armada Township Februarys. 1865. Mr. F. was a sailor on the lakes from tif teen to twenty-five yeai's of age. He man-ied Alvira, daughter of A_rchibald Dun- ham, of Macomb County, March 18, lSr)7, who died in Ai-mada Township January 5, 1861; married again. October 1."), 1868, to Theresa Pomeroy, daughter of Oscar Pomei-oy, of New York, who died in Ai-mada Township, Mich., in 1850; they have one child — Austin, born March 6, 1865 ; Mr. F. moved to his present farm in 1861 and has occupied it since that time. Mrs. Pomeroy. daughter of Hinksman Butterfield. a native of New Hampshire, was born at Alden. Erie Co.. N. Y., February 20, 1826: she came with her parents to Macomb in the fall of 1882; her husband, Daniel O. Pomeroy, was born in Genesee County, N. Y.. August 10, 1821: they were married March 1 1, 1844: his father, John Trumbull Pomeroy. was born in Yennont April 4, 17U4, and died in Orleans County, N. Y., in 1888; the par- ents of Mrs. Pomeroy located in Anuada Township, where the family have since resided; her father died November 12, 1865; her mother still lives, at the age of eighty-six. Mrs. Pomeroy had four children, two of whom. Mrs. Farrington and Mr. Pomeroy. are living in Ai'mada Township. The family removed fi'om New York to Tecumseh. Mich., with oxen and wagon and one of the inconveniences lii'st felt was the want of a spring wheel; their own was left at Detroit, and no other could be obtained. After moving to Macomb, the But- tertields were in straitened circumstances, and, for a short time, in 188(i. lived on buds and young leaves gathered in the woods, boiled and eaten with milk and butter, of which they "had plenty. After the death of the father. John, the Pomeroy family removed from Ontario. N. Y.. to Macomb, and settled in the townships of Ray and Ai-mada: they are Yermout people and have resided in various places in that State and in others: a mem- ber of the family. Mortimer C. is now living in St. Clair County. AMOS FINCH, son of Sylvester and Almeda Finch, was born in Armada Township July 11. 1886: enlisted in the army July 25, 1862. in Company E. Fifth Cavalry: spent three months in di-ill at Detroit; was engaged in the battle of Buckliu Mills; here all the officers of the company and many privates were taken prisoners, and many died. Mr. Finch was elected Coi-poral at Detroit, and promoted to Sergeant at Washington; to Lieu- tenant on July 3. 1865. and was mustered out at Leavenworth. Kan., June 27, 1865; took part in three battles, and endured much hardship; upon leaving the army, he re- turned to the old homestead, in Armada Township, upon which he has always lived. He was married. September 24. 1867. to Anna Smith, daughter of Isaiah Smith, of New Y'ork. Mi's. Finch was born September 24. 1847: they have three children. Sylvester Finch, son of Albert and Chloe (Knapp) Finch, was born in Dutchess County, N. Y.. March 1, 1805; came to Romeo in 1824 with the Finch family: in 1828. he bought land of the Government, on Section 80. Armada Township, which he partly cleared, and sold in 1885. and located on Section 15. where he died November 2, 1875; JIi-s. F. was born in West Bloomlield. March 1, 1810; she was the daughter of Roswell Webster, a native of Connec- ticut; she still lives on the homestead; they had ten children, eight of whom are living. JAMES FLOWER, son of William and Eunice (Kilbourn) Flower, was born in Delhi October IS, 1808; his father was a native of Ashiield, Mass., and his mother of the same place. Mi-. F. moved to Macomb County in the fall of 1854; opeueil a store of gen- 43 ' .1^ 698 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. eral merchandise at the branch, now called Armada Corners, in 1835, in which he continued for three years; in 1838, he bought \'20 acres of laud on Section 3(t, Richmond Township, which he cleai-ed up and made his home uutil 1874. adding to the original purchase 167 acres: iu 1S74, he removed to Armada Village, where he now resides. He was married, DfCfiubcr 'I'l. 1834, to Eliza, daughter of Asa Ingraham, of this county: they had six children, four of whom are living. Mrs. F. was born in 1810, and died iu Armada No- vember 4, 1881. Mr. F. was a member of the Legislature in 1849; has held offices in the township for many years and was prominent in the advancement of the new country; he has always been a Democrat in. politics. AMOS N. FREEMAN, son of Joseph and Syhia (Newman) Freeman, born in Onon- daga County. N. Y. ; moved to Macomb in 1824. and settled on a farm in Ai-mada Town- ship; in the year 18"i0. he bought a tract of wild land, where he spent most of his life; he was man-ied, in 1843, to Maria R. Fraleigh. and raised a family of six children; his wife died in 1875, and he married Mrs. Cordelia Leviugs, of Richmond Township; they are now living in Armada Township; a Republican in politics and a Methodist in religion. ARCHIBALD FREEMAN, son of Moses and Anna (Powell) Freeman, born in Wash- ington Township November 23. 1830; lived at home till the twenty-seventh year of his age. He then married Emily Jewell, daughter of Jeremiah Jewell, November o. 1857; then [)m-chased the farm on which he now resides, December 26, 1857, linown as the John AVai-ner farm: they have two children, viz , Adna J., born February 11, 1860; Hattie, born September 5, 1864, both of whom are now living on the homestead; in 186(\ he built the residence in which the family at present reside; has good and tasty barns and all the appliances of a siiccessful business. NEWMAN FREEMAN, son of Moses and Anna (Powell) Freeman, was born in Wash- ington Township April 27, 1832; has always lived on the farm inherited by his father; was married, June 2, 1864, to Mary A. Frost, of Armada Village, and has one child, Elva A., born January 22, 1867, now living at home. Mr. Freeman is a successful farmer; has a fine and commodious residence and good surroundings. Mr. Freeman voted at the birth of the Republican party for J. C. Fremont and has since voted with that party. EDAVIN A. FROST, son of Aljen L. and Judith E. (Phelps) Frost, born in Armada •lanuary 11, 1848; always lived on the homestead, except three years spent in Richmi.nd Township; man'ied. May 23. 1872, to Miss Laura J., daughter of David B. Grout, of On- tario County. N. Y., and has the following children: Hattie E., born February 15. 1873; Joel E., February 1. 1877. Mr. F. owns and occupies the homestead near the village of Armada; he is prominently connected with several organizations of the county; in politics, he is a Republican. Allen L. Frost (deceased), son of Bezaleel and Nancy (Luce) Frost, natives of Massachusetts, was born at Williamsburg, June 28, 1804; moved to New Y'ork while a boy. thence to Macomb County, in 1835, where he bought and cleared up a farm and made it his home for a life-time. He was married, at Gainesville, N. Y., January 2U, 1828, to Mary Smith, and had a family of four children, one of whom still lives. Mi-s. F. died October 2, 1844, when he married Judith Phelps, September 4, 1845, who has three children — sons — Edwin A., born January 11. 1848; Walter I., born July 24. 1851; Fred R., born July U. 185(i, a medical graduate. Mr. F. was ])ersonally identified with all the imi)rovements of the new county, an organizer of the M. E. Chiu'ch of Armada and a life- long member of the same: a strong supjiorter of the anti-slavery party and a firm Repub- lican; his second son, Joel, was in the war of the rebellion, and was killed at Cedar Mountain August U, 1862; an uncle was a soldier of the Revolution, in the retreat from (ijuebec, and suffered all the hardships of that time. Mr. F. died at the homestead April 24. 1874. HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. 699 HORACE GARLICK, fifth son of Samuel and Lucy (Mead) Garli-k, natives of Bos- ton, was born in Boston October 12, 180U. Samuel Oarlick, a soldier in the war of ISI'J, served until the clos^of the war. His grandfather was born in England. Horace Garlick moved with the family to Connecticut; here the father owned a tide-mill, which was sold in 1818, and the family moved to Auburn, N. Y. ; the father died in Oakland County in 1830, the mother in Jackson County in 1846. Mr. G. was in Black Rock, now Buffalo, seven years, as miller: in Ingham County, Mich., on a farm of 120 acres, in 1837: re- mained two years: retiu-ning to Buffalo, engaged in a flouring-mill: then to Jackson, Mich., in a grocery store, two years: thence to Macomb County, and engaged in milling at Mt. Clemens in 18-1:."). He was married, September 20, 1SH2, in Ontario County, N. Y., to Delila Warner, who had three children, one of whom is living — Mrs. Fitch, of Mt. Clemens. Mrs. G. died April 7, 1847. at Jackson, Mich. ; he married. September 7, 1848, Mrs. Nancy L. House: had one child. Dr. Fred M. Garlick. of Richmond. Tlie second wife died at Mt. Clemens May 31, LS.'jI; married. February 10, 1853. Mrs. Sarah Litfkin Goodale. a native of New York, liorn February 10. 1820; they had one child —Lizzie E., born March 20, 18uU, died iu Romeo August lU, 18G0; Mr. G. remained in Romeo foiir yeai's. managing the Garlick House: in the fall of 1860. came to Ai'tnada, where he has since remained, being in the hotel five years: then retired to a private residence of twenty- one acres of land in the village of Armada; the father and six boys were millers and en- joyed the reputation of being first-class workmen; in politics, a Whig and then a Republican. The mother of Mrs. G., Sarah Goodale. was born in 17U6, March lU, on the Hudson River, at Charleston, N. Y. ; is now living with her daughter in Armada: she is the mother of eight children, four of whom are living. FULTON PAGE GOYER, son of Holly and Mary L. Goddell Goyer. was born Octo- ber 31, 1851. His father died at the homestead in Ai-mada Township, May 3, 1880. His mother died at the same place July 2U, 1860. The subject of this sketch left home at the age of seventeen, and worked with his uncle, Perrin C. Go'xlell, at raih'oad carpentering, on the Michigan Central Railroad, two years, then worked eighteen months for the same company as locomotive fireman: at the ex^Jiration of the time named, changed to the Tole- do, Wabash k, Western Railroad, occupying the same position nearly three years. He then returned to his father's fai-m, and was maiTied, May 10. 1875, to Sarah E. Herbert, a na- tive of Ontario County, N. Y. They have one child, Herbert, born October 13, 1878. Mr. Goyer is at present a farmer, and is making the breeding of fine Spanish Merino sheep a specialty. LEWIS GRANGER, son of Thaddeus and Julia E. Granger, natives of Massachu- setts, was born March K', 1N26, near Ala-on, in Portage County, Ohio. The father served a short time in the war of the Revolution, having enlisted at the age of sixteen, neai- the close of the war. He died in September,' 1S25, and the mother received a land warrant for his services. She died in Memphis, this county, in 1S6N. Mr. Granger is a third cousin of the Postmaster General, Gideon Granger, who was one of the first to hold that position under the United States Government; also, a relative of Lord Dudley, of England, who lived a centur}' or more ago.. Mr. Granger removed to Macomb County in 1S46; set- tled at Memphis and engaged in the mercantile business for about twelve years; removed to Armada Village in 1871. and again engaged in mercantile business; was man-ied, Sep- tember 26, 1S47, to Sarah J. Perkins, of New York, who died February 24, 1853, leaving one child, Hettie, born September 25, 1852, who married H. C. Mansfield, of St. Clair County, present Register of Deeds for that county, formerh- Modos. ^Ir. Granger mar- ried, November 22. 1854, Han-iet A. Brownell, of New York. They have had fom- cliil- di-en — Frank, born Mav 5, 1856, died in infancy; Francis B., born August 12, 1S59; Charles L.. born Septeiinber 6, 1861; Libbie, born July 27, 1863. In February, 1880, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Mr. Granger sold his store, and, after a short Irasiness engagement in Detroit, again com- monceil business, in a fruit evajwrating establishment at Armada, which he still pursues. The building devoted to this is 114x40 feet, a portion of which is frost-proof. The estab- lishment is capable qf using annually 20. 000 bushels of green fruit, and of employing forty persons. He is a prominent member of the Congregational Sabbath school of this village; late a Justice of the Peace, and a strong advocate of temperance. In polities, he is a Republican of the old anti-slavery type. ZARA GRANGER, son of Zara and Sally (Richardson) Granger, was born on Grosse Isle, Detroit River, August 4. 1S30. His father was a native of New York: mother, of Maine: moved to Macomb in 1830 and settled in township of Chesterfield, near Mt. Clem- ens, where they cleared up a farm. The father died in 1878; the mother, in 1874. In November, 1878. Mi-. Granger bought a, farm in Richmond Township, which he kept till 1881, when he sold it, and removed to Armada Village and engaged in a meat market; married, February '2(), 1851, to Miss Marilla Maybee, and had seven children —Elenor. born December 1, 1855, died an infant; George L.. born August 31, 1857; Henrietta, torn in April. 1860; Ella, born in April, 186"2; Addie, born in October, 1864; Clara, born in Jan- uary, 1870: Biirt, born in September, 1874. Mr. Granger has been a thresher of grain thirty-live seasons; in politics, a Republican. ASA B. HAMLIN, son of Trmnau and Anna (Bowen) Hamlin, was born at Greenfield, Saratoga Co., N. Y., March 5, 1813. His father was a native of Rhode Island and his mother of Connecticut. They both moved to Jeft'erson County, N. Y., while young, and died there. His father served by proxy in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch lived with his parents, in Saratoga County, till coming to Macomb County, which took place in 1866, stopjiing a season in Romeo. He then purchased the farm in Armada Township, Section 29. known as the Priest Shaw farm, on which he now resides; was married to Lora Ann Wheeler, daughter of William Wheeler, of Jeflerson County, who died at her native place jNIarch 7, 1859. He afterward married Miss Maria F. Merriam, a native of Jeflerson County, who was born July 11. 1820, now living. His children are Lydia Ann, born February 28, 1841, married and living at Romeo Village; William T. , lx)rn November 10, 1847. now living at Port Huron, Mich.; Ella B., born June 17, 1855, married and lives in Armada Towushiji; Abigail S., born March 5, 185U, married and living at Armada Village. The children were all by the former wife, and were born in Jeilerson County. Mrs. Hamlin's parents (Merriam) were formerly of Connecticut, and moved to Jefler.sou County, N. Y., in 1806, when that place was a wilderness, and were forward in the development of it. The family name of the mother was Ca ly (Eunice). She died in September, 1862. The father died July 20, 1860. He served in the war of 1812, and was honorably discharged. Mr. Hamlin is Christian in form of worshij), and was a Whig, transferring his allegiance to the Republican party at its birth. He is and has always been a farmer, and makes the manufacture of clieese a sjjecialty. His cheese has always met with approval, and has commanded the highest market price. ALFRED HARRINGTON, sou of Morey Harrington, was born in Ontario County, N. Y.. July 12, 182(X and, at the age of thirteen, went to work by the month till the fam- ily moved to Macomb, in 1839, after which he spent ten years clearing land for other peo- ple, when he bought the farm he now owns: married, in 1838, Abigail Beach, of Ontario, N. Y., and had four children, two of whom are living. Mrs. Harrington died in March, 1876; married again. February, 1877, to Mary M. Webb, who still survives. Mr. Har- rington joined the M. E. Church in 1859, and for the last sixteen years has been a local and itinerant preacher of that denomination. MOREY HARRINGTON was born at Rutland, Vt , December 29, 1794. He moved to Macomb Cottnty in 1839, and settled on Section 30, Armada, on the farm since known as the Howell place, where he stayed but a short time, then settled on Section 5, which he improved, and where he died in 1S59. He was the father of thirteen children, five of whom still live; was a local preacher of the Methodist Episcopal connection for forty years, and aided in the development of religious sentiment in Northern Macomb. His wife died at the homestead. HIRON J. HATHAWAY, son of Chandler and Dency (Jones) Hathaway, born at Carthage. Genesee Co.. N. Y.. August 15, 1S20. His parents were natives of Ontario County, N. Y'. ; grandparents, of Vermont. The mother's jjeople were from Massachu- setts. Several uncles served in the war of 1812. The father died in New Y'ork in 1820: the mother, in March, 1881, at Ai'mada Village. Hiron J. came to Macomb in 1841 and settled on Section 35. where he now resides. He was married, September, 1841, to Cath- arine, daughter of Allen Briggs, of Ontario. N. Y., who served in the war of 1812 and died in Macomb County in 185(1. Mr. Hathaway had three children — Chandler, born Au- gust 24, 1842: Dency A., born November KX 1844. married Rock Bailey, and died in June, 1865: Sarah J., born October 5, 1847, married William Crittenden and lives at Mt. Clemens. Chandler Hathaway, son of above, maiTied, July 14, 1863, to Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Bailey, has two children — Dency, born March 31, 1872; Jennie, born February 21, 1879. He resides on the homestead, and has always been a fanner, except about thi'ee years, when he was engaged in the inauufactiu'e of brooms in Romeo. He has a hop-yard, and makes the culture of that crop a specialty, in which he has met with good success. In political affinity, he has always been a Democrat. MIRON S. HOLMAN is the son of Asa and Nancy Farrar Holmau, was born March 28. 1820. at Marlboro, N. H. His grandfather was a native of Boston, Mass., and re- moved at an early date to Roxbm-y. N. H. , where his son Asa was born in 17U3. The family removed to Macomb County in 1831: settled on Section 29, where he lived for six years, when he removed to Romeo, where the father died October Id, l.Sf)8. The mother was born in Maidboro. N H., in 1795. and died at Owosso. Mich., December 25. 1867. The subject of this sketch spent some years in the South, working at the carpenter's trade, then engaged in building in Romeo Village for about two years; he then engaged in busi- ness in Detroit for about twelve years, and in 185() made a trip to California, during the height of the gold excitement: his health failing, he soon returned, and then purchased the Farrar mill property in 1857, where he has since been engaged in the manufacture of horse and hand rakes. He was married, September 11, 1845, to Anna C, Quackenboss, daughter of Daniel and Abigail Quackenboss, natives of New York. They removed to Detroit when she was eighteen years of age. Her gi'eat-grandfather served in the war of the Revolution, and her grandfather enlisted in the war of 1812, Vnit, being under age, was rejected upon examination. They have had children, as follows: Olin Q., born May 20, 1847. now living in Iowa, at Creston; Sarah E., born April 8, 1853, died in in- fancy: Carrie G. . born July 7, 1854, died January 5, 1857: RoUin G., born Januaiy 31, 1861, living in Creston, Iowa: Abbie L., born February 7, 1873. Mr. Holman still owns and occupies the old factory, making good work out of the best material. He is a Repub- lican in politics, and a Congregationalist in his form of worship. S. SMITH HOLMES, deceased, was bom in Livingston County, N. Y.. October 4, 1811 ; removed to Macomb in 1834. and lived some years near Armada Village, then moved to Section 4. Armada Township, where he lived to the time of his death, which occurred November 5, 1876; married, in 182'.(, Sally A., daughter of Beekman Chamberlain, and had five children, four of whom are living. Mrs. Holmes was born August 12, 181*). and died December 18. 1876. Mr. Holmes was a blacksmith, and had a shop in connection with his farm. ^« rr^ HISTOltY OF MACOMB COUNTY. NEWTON HULETT, son of Oratus Hulett and Eunice (Carpenter), was born in Armada Township September 7, 1845, and has always lived on the homestead. He has added to it 120 acres, and now owns 240 acres, with good buildings, and all in tine con- dition for profitable work. He was married, January 23, 1808, to Huldah, daughter of John Corbiu, of Macomb County, and has children as follows: Minnie, l)orn November 6, 1808; Orvy, born November 13, 1874; John N., born September 10, 1871: Narina B. , born January 28, 1877; Cora A., born January 9, 1873; Orris, born May 12, 1881. Mi'. Hulett is a successful farmer, and strives to be at the head of his profession; in politics, a Eepiiblican. ORATUS HULETT, son of Paul Hulett, of Vermont, of Scotch descent, was b.jrn at Eutlaud, Vt., January 10, 1800: moved to Macomb County in 1830 and settled on land purchased of Government, on Section 20, Armada, which he occupied to the time of his death, which took place September 25, 187(5. He was married, first to Sally Spaulding, . of Vermont, September 21, 1820, who died March 20, 1829; by this marriage he had three children, all of whom are dead. He then married Miss Eunice Carpenter, of Rutland, Vt., January ,14, 1830; by this marriage he had seven children, foiu- of whom still sur- vive. Mrs. Hulett' s ancesters, the Newtons, were siu'vivors of the Revolution, and later, those of the same name served in the war of 1812. They were a hardy people, and lived to extreme age. SAMUEL HULETT, son of Oratus and Eunice Hulett, was born in Rutland, Vt., Feb- ruary 22, 1833; moved with his father's family to Macomb County in 1835. Mr. Hulett, in company with his brother, carried on his father's farm for about eleven years, then bought a farm on Section 10, Armada, which piu-chase was made in 1803. This farm was known as the Taylor place. The same year, he bought the Johnson place, adjoining his own. His farm now comprises 520 acres. He was married, July 22, 1800, to Emily, oldest daughter of Uriel Dav, of Armada Township. They have five children — Ivy, born Jan- uary 31, 1802; Uriel," born November 4,1865; Burton, born August 18, 1868; Eddie, born February i, 1871: Bruce, born January 1, 1876. Mrs. Hulett was born in Armada Township June 25, 1834. Mr. Hulett is a large dealer and feeder in fat stock; has erected a fine brick residence, and has a good farm, wind-mill. etc. Politically, he is a Rei)ublican. Mr. Hulett has a family horse which is more than thirty years old. W. IRVING HULETT. son of Oratus and Eunice Hulett, was born November 23, 1834; has always lived on the land which was secured by him at the time of his marriage, which is on Section 20, known as the Bancroft farm. He was married, January 14, 1862, to Anna McCati'erty, of Bruce Township. They have foiir children, all living at home. Mrs. Hulett was born February 17, 1844. Mr. Hulett is a prosperous farmer, and a mem- ber of the Republican l)arty. NATHAN HURD was born in Welland County, Canada West, August 7, 1825. His father was a native of Vermont, and, in the year 1834, removed to Lapeer County. This was at that time a wilderness, inhabited only by wild beasts and Indians. The nearest commercial point at that time was Pontiae, a small village of two or three stores and a grist-mill, to which they made a weary pilgi'image at long intervals for their grists and scanty gi-oceries. He lived here till 1853, then moved to Macomb County and settled in Ai-mada Township. In 1800, he removed to St, Clair County, and enlisted in Company H, Fourth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, and did service in the army one year: in 1877, returned to Armada and engaged as general blacksmith and carriage-maker, and is so en- gaged at present; married, in Armada, September 3, 1849, to Diana M. Perry, of Massa- chusetts: she was boi-n in October, 1831, and has thi-ee children — Alice, Celia M. and Adelia J. He has buiit a tine house, and is a careful and industrious mechanic. i> 'V^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUXTY. JOSEPH A. INGRAHAM was bom in Outario, N. Y., September 7, 1S2S; lived some years in Ohio, thence removed to Lapeer Conntj, and, in 1850, settled in Ai-mada, Sec- tion 3, where he now resides; was married. February 9, 1852, to Amanda, daughter of Abel Sumnei% a native of New Brunswick. The children of this marriage are Edmund L., bom August 30, 1852; Charles E., born September 20, 1854; William I., born May 23, 1858; Ruth M., born September 13, 1860; Elizabeth M., born October 9, 1863; Rosa v.. bom January 6, 1868, died June 15, 1869; Andrew J., born January 23, 1870. Mr. Ingraham is a carpenter and cooper, a close workman, and has a fann connected with his business; in politics, a Democrat. GEORGE R. KIDDER, son of Sidney M. and Lorette Fisher Kidder, born in Berlin Township April 26, 1846, commenced business as a cari)enter in Almont: bought a farm ■ in Dryden and went to fanning; from there to Capac as a gi-ain merchant, then as a keeper of a gi'ocery store: afterward bought a farm in Berlin; from there as a cabinet-maker in Brace; then to Armada as a butcher; in 1877, invented a land-roller, upon which be ob- tained a patent; in 1S78, took out letters patent on barn door roller, which has become very popular both in the United States and Canada ; also invented a farm gate. ^Ir. Kidder mai'ried, May 4, 1870. Lora Dodge, daughter of Stephen Dodge, of St. Clair County. They have two childi-en — Mattie. born February 22, 1871; Ruth, born August 22,1873. Mrs. Kidder was born March 4, 1847. Mr. Kidder now lives in Armada Village, and is iden- tified with the Democratic party. SIDNEY KIDDER, deceased, was born in Genesee County, N. Y., about the year 1810; removed to Romeo in 1836; began life as a country merchant in the village of Ro- meo; a few years later went in company with Mi\ Oel Ris and formed a partnership for the prosecution of the same business; from there went to Berlin, St. Clair County, on a farm, then back to Bruce for six years on a farm. He was living in St. Clair Count, at the time of his death, which occun-ed with his own hands; in 1857, married Lorette, daughter of Luke Fisher; they had three children, all living. Mrs. Kidder died in February, 1868. CHARLES A. LATHROP, son of Edward and Emma Andrews Lathrop, was born in West Springfield, Mass.. October 25, 1816. His father and grandfather were natives of the same place, his great-grandfather, of Norwich, Conn., descendant of Rev. John Lath- rop, of Barnstable, England, who settled in Bai'nstable, Mass., where he was the head of a colony. Mr. Lathrop's father died at Ai-mada Village September 11, 1863; mother died several years later. They had eleven children, all living but two. In 1847, Mr. Lathrop. in company with his brother, opened a store of general merchandise, it being the second in the place. The first bill of dry goods amounted to 190, and was pm-chased of Zach Chandler, of Deti-oit. Two lirothers have been with him in the business, but both have retired, and Mr. Lathrop conducts it alone. He was married, in May, 1858, to Rachel A. Youngs, of Armada, and they have had two children — Charles E., born June 17, 1859, is in the store with his father; Lillie A., born October 1, I860, married Edwin F. Phillips and lives in Armada Village. Mrs. Lathrop was born January (5, 1832. Mr. Lathrop was an early officer in the township and the village; in politics, fii-st a Whig and now a Re- publican. DAVID McCROSSIN, M. D., son of James McCrossin, of Leland, was born in Ontario County, N. Y., November 13, 1813; came direct to Michigan, arriving December 7, 1854. He had visited this county some years before and bought land on Section 11, Armada Township; moved the family in 1854, and settled in Berlin, St. Clair County, remaining twelve years; then to Armada Village, where he still resides: moved from Ontario County through Canada with wife and one child, three trunks, and a hencoop lashed on behind, in which were two Shanghai chickens, the tii'st of the kind introduced in these ))arts. Mr. McCrossin studied medicine at Springwater. Livingston County, with Dr. Arnold Grey; :f^ ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. admitted to practice in Ontario County in 1829, which avocation he pursued dimng his active life: married, June '2. 1831, Amanda Short, who died February 5, 1851: four chil- dren, all living: married, Septeaiber '27), 1851. Mary L. Wait, of Washington County, N. Y., and has one child, Dora, born Jiine 14, 1854, living at home. Mrs. McCrossin was born September 8, 1825. Mr. McCrossin was successful in his practice: in politics, a Whig, afterward joining with the Republican party. The fathers of both Mi-, and Mrs. McCnissin served in the war of IS] 2, and the grandfather of Mrs. McCrossin, Peleg Wait, was a Kevolutionarj' soldier. The families were from Vermont and Khode Island. THOM.^S McIL WRICK was born in Paisley, Scotland, December 24. 1826: served the regular term of five years as a cabinet-maker, and came to America in 1848. The vessel in which he came was four months and eight days between ports. He worked a short time in Detroit, then reached the "Scotch settlement" in Bruce, and labored in the ' trade of house carpentering eight years; married Eliza Learmont, who was born in En- gland June 21, 1833, and have no childi-en, except an adopted daughter. In LS51, he bought land on Section 6, Ai-mada Township, and began to be a farmer, in which he has succeeded. He has several relics of the old country of great age; Republican in politics, and Presbyterian in form of worship. JOHN McKAY, son of Robert and Jean (Gray) McKay, was born in Bruce Township August Ifi, 1843 ; married February 2 1, 186*5, and settled on a farm on Section 19, Armada, known as the Joseph Bennett farm, on which he has resided since that time. His wife was Lucinda, youngest daughter of Uriel Day, of Armada Township; was born October 16, 1842. Their children are: Robert U., born July 24, 1868: Olive J., born January 11, 1871. Mr. McKay's farm consists of 300 acres, in fine cultivation; makes a sj^ecialty of Durham cattle, of which he has a superior herd. He has held responsible offices in township and society: a charter member of the Grange, No. 414: also of Pomona Grange, of Macomb; a member of several agricultural organizations, and President several terms, also a member of the Executive Board of the State Short-Horn Breeders' Association; Congregational in worshij), and Republican in politics. GURDON H. MILLARD, son of Jesse and Elizabeth (Hopkins) Millard, he of Ohio and she of New York, was born in the city of Detroit February 2, 1841; learned the trade of fine coopering at Clarkston two years; entered the army in August, 1861, Company H, Fifth Michigan Volunteer Infantry: was discharged November 25, I8f)2, and again pur- sued his trade at Clarkston eight years: in 1872, begin the study of dentistry; was licensed to practice by Detroit Dental Association; pursued this business at Clarkston, at Birming- ham, and in 1875 came to Armada, where he is still in practice. His business is lai'gely on the increase, and his work first-class. He married, October 15, 1863. Elizabeth Low- rie, of Oakland County, who was born May 25. 1844. They have two children — Fred A., born February 6, 1867; and Frank G., born January 1, 1872. Mr. Millard's father was a soldier in the Mohawk war; his mother was a relative of the Hojjkins of Revolutionary fame. GEORGE M. MILLS, son of Asii and Lucetta (Banister) Mills, natives of Orange County, N. Y. , was born in Richmond Township September 9, 1839. LTntil arriving at majority, he lived on the homestead and attended the schools of the place. He then bought forty acres of land, to which he added 140 in Richmond. He sold this property in 1872, and bought the Erie Buttertield farm, Armada, which is his present home. He was man-ied. May 15, 1867, to Miss Elizabeth McGreggor. daughter of Robert McGreggor, of Ray, She was born in Ray June 16, 1848. Their children ar=^ as follows: Elmer, Viorn January 24, 1868, died March 24, 1873; Lillian, born February 25, 1873; Delmer, bom April 6, 1875. Mr. Mills has held offices in township; a member of the order of Patrons of Husbandry, and Democratic in politics. His farm lies in the outskirts of the village of Armada, and consists of KiO acres of fertile land. n* w U\ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. MAETIN M. MILLS is the son of Asa D. and Lueetta Banister Mills, natives of New York State; he was born in Bruce Township, Section 'Ju; was married to Emma Gonld March 11. ISdd; lived one year in the village of Almont. thence to Armada Village, thence to Richmond Township, where he lived for eight years; then to the township of Shelby four years: then to Ai'mada Township. Section 3<'), where he now resides. They have tonr childi-en — John, born October 3. ISOli; Eddie, born June 3. 18(i9: George, born July 15. 1873; Delia M., April 3, 1880. Mr. Mills' parents were of American origin. He is a farmer in easy circumstances, and pro.sperous. He makes the diseases of cattle and horses a study, and his services are often required in the neighborhood where he lives. Grandfather Timothy Banister served in the war of 1812, and received a pension. , REV. JAMES H. MORTON, son of James Morton and Margaret Borland, natives of Scotland, was born April 11, 1833, in Ayrshire, Scotland; came to Macomb July 18, 1844; settled on Section 7, Armada Township; attended school at the Romeo Academy some years; taught in the public schools winters until reaching majority; afterward entered Jetferson College, of Cannonsburg. Penn. , a short time; again engaged in teaching: in company with a brother, carried on a fountlry business in Armada Township; also at La- peer City: in 1858. entered the local ministry of the Methodist Protestant connection: then entered the conference of the same chttrch, which relation was maintained for sixteen years — three years in AVestern New York, and thirteen yeai's in Eastern Michigan. In the autumn of 1875, he severed the connection with the Methodist Protestant Church and tmited with the Methodist Episcopal Chuirh, which relation still exists. He is at present Pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Chiu-ch of Ai'mada Village. Mr. INIorton was married. November 19, 1857, to Harriet L.. daughter of Henry Strong, of Lapeer, formerly of Con- necticut. She was bora in 1838, and died May 1, 1859: one son died in infancy: married again, March 19. 18<)3. to Mrs. Anna Silsby, daughter of Benjamin Elliott, of Lenawee County, Mich.: six children, live living at home: the oldest. John, died May 12, 1882. Mrs. Morton was born January 20, 1843. Mr. Morton has been connected with the litera- ture of the county, and is an acceptable minister in the church to which he belongs: in politics, faith and practice, always a Republican. In 1878, he, with his wife, made a visit to the old home in Scotland, and spent some v/eeks in reviewing the scenes of his child- hood. A series of twelve letters written by him were published in the papers of the State. THEODORE G. MOSHER, son of Jabez and Ann Tubbs Mosher. natives of New York, was born in Ontario County, N. Y, October 23, 1832; removed with the family to MacomVj and settled on Section 2, Armada, in 1840; married, October 23, 1854, to Urilla Eaton, of Connecticut: she died July 17, 185'); maiTied, April 5, 1858, Jane C. Eaton, a sister of his former wife, born February 7. 1835; one child, Everett, born October 23, 1859, living at home. Mr. Mosher began business life as a farmer: located on the land on n^hich he noTT lives in 1805 : the farm now consists of 300 acres. Sections 1 and 2. Armada Town- ship. In 1875. he erected a tine residence, and has surrounded himself with all that is necessarv to a prosperous business. In politics, he is a Democrat. JAJBEZ MOSHER, deceased, was born in Western New York February 28, 1800. He removed to Macomb County in 1840 and settled on land in Section 2, Armada Township, which he recovered from a -cilderness and added 120 acres; married Ann Tubbs, a native of the same place; raised a family of nine children, seven of whom still live. He was a prompt and energetic man. thoroughly alive to all the interests of the new county, and a member of the Whig party. He died where he had lived, on the homestead, January 23, 1855, Mrs. Mosher died October 1. 1870, at the age of eighty years. ELI Ct. PERKINS, son of Conde Perkins and Hannah GriiSths, he of Connecticut and she of Vermont, was born in Canada, August 1, 1822. His father, Conde Perkins, was a volunteer of 1812; started for the battle of Plattsbiu'g, but, the conflict being over, was discharged. Grandfather Nathan Griffiths served during the entire term of the Revolu- tionary war, being at the headquarters at Valley Forge, and jiarticipating in all its scenes. He was under the immediate command of ^\'ashingt(in, and was honorably dis- charged at the close of the war. Mr. Perkins came to Macomb in !March, 1S38; made a clearing on his land in 1844; subsequently opened a cooper-shop in Richmond Township, which he operated until 1853, when he went to Iowa; he returned after a short stay there, rented the Gower farm: subsequently located on Section 14, Richmond Township, where he lived four 3ears, and next on Section "J, Armada, where he now resides. Mr. Perkins married Miss M. A. Mosher, daughter of Jabez Mosher, Ontario County, N. Y. , September 16, 1844. There were six children by this marriage — James G. B., born April 22, 1845: Gleason A., November 5, 184(5; Helen M., March 7, 184U, died December 14, 1854; Ro- setta A., March 28, 1851: Eli E., January 10, 1853, died October 11, 1854; Eli F., born March 4, 18515. Mrs. Perkins was born in Richmond, Ontario County, in 1825. Mr. Per- kins has a farm of 135 acres, well cultivated. His sheep-farming operations have been a success. Politically, he is a Gi-eenbacker. Freeman Perkins, brother of Eli G. , served in the Fifth Michigan Cavalry; was taken prisoner at Gettysburg, and died from harsh treatment while in the Confederate hotel at Andersonville, on his joiu'ney homeward. COL. NORMAN PERRY was born in Northumberland, Saratoga Co., X. Y., April 20, 17UI5. In 18l<), he accompanied his father's family to Leroy, Genesee County, where they took up new land, and where Norman lived eight years. In the fall of 1824, he started for Michigan; found the Hoxie settlement, and located eighty acres of land east of the village of Romeo, at a place since known as the ■" Branch." Upon this land he erected his cabin, built of logs, floored with puncheon and shingled with "shakes," and cleared about four acres. Having accomplished this, he returned to Genes' e County. In March, 1825, he was married to Miss Susan Scott, and started a few days after for his new home. Mrs. Perry was the daughter of Capt David Scott, the iirst settler in the county of Clinton, Mich., a lady remarkably gifted in those qualities which made the pioneer life one of contentment and comi)arative happiness. In their jom-ney they were accom- panied by Reuben R. Smith, who settled on a farm close by. The journey to Buffalo was made with teams, taking two days, over roads which were both difficult and dang-erous to travel. At Buffalo, they took passage on the steamer Superior for Detroit. From this j)lace they proceeded by way of Royal Oak in search of Bailey's or the Hoxie settlement, which point they reached aftei two days" floundering in the mud, and over logs and cause- ways for twodays. They remained over night at the settlement, and in the morning set out to find the cabin at the Branch. They had no sooner reached it than they found that, in order to institute housekeeping, the}' had to go back to the village for the necessary arti- cles. While he was gone, the young wife left alone in the hut in the woods, went nY> in the chamber of the cabin and lay down upon some boughs to rest. AVhile there, two men, who had built further down the creek, came along the path to the village, and, seeing that the house was open, stopped to see how neighbor Perry was getting along. One of the men stepped up the ladder, and, looking into the chamber, exclaimed, • ' Great heav- ens! there's a woman here!'' This was the young lady's Iirst introduction to her neigh- bors. They had purchased a cow on the way to Detroit, and driven it to the fann, but the first night the animal became homesick and returned. Mr. Perry followed her twenty miles or more, but, finding her still ahead, and gaining on him, he gave up the chase and returned. Mr. Perry always lived upon the farm, and died Jul}' I'J, 1880, at the age of eighty-four. He was a frugal and industrious man, a good manager, and forward in all the necessary works of improvement in the new settlement, and many of the meetings for the transaction of township business were held at his house. Noah Webster settled a lit- tle farther down the creek in 1825, and in the following spring, Josiah Hamlin built a -^ '-^ blacksmith shop, and was a great help to the settlers. The oldest child of Mr. and Mi-s. Perry, now Mrs. John Selleck, was the fii'st child born east of Romeo. Mr. Perrj was a member of the State militia, and received a Lieutenant's commission in April, 1829, bear- ing the signature of Gen. Gass. In July, 1830, he was made a Captain of State militia by Gen. Cass; in September, 1831, was advanced to Major by Stevens I. Mason, and pro- moted Lieutenant Colonel in Februaiy, 1832, by Mason, Governor of the Territory. MRS. SUSAN (SCOTT) PERRY, daughter of Capt. David Scott, of Clinton County, Mich., was born at Shoreham, Vt., Februaiy 21, 180'2; moved with her parents to Le Roy, N. Y. , thence to Cattaraugus County, N. Y. , and, after six months, retm-ned to Le Roy ; after a few years, moved to Covington, N. Y. , and lived until 1825; in March of that year, marrie 1 Norman Perry, and moved to Macomb County and settled at the Branch, two and a half miles east of Romeo, Mich., on Section 31, Armada Township. Mr. Perry bought 320 acres of laud, which is still occvijjied by the family; have had seven children, all of whom still live — Delia, born January I'.J, 182(5. married John Selleck, and now re- sides in Ray Township, and was the first child born in the township of Ai-mada: Ozni S., born October 3, 1827, now at the old jilace; Elem Maria, born January 10, 1831, married James Sanford (deceased), now lives at Charlotte, Eaton Co., Mich.; Manly C. , born Jan- uary 4, 1833, lives in Richmond Township); Norman, born August 7, 1840, married Ellen Warner and lives at the old home; Norton M. , born October 20, 184(^, maixied and lives at Lansing, Mich.; Marshall, born August 10, 1844, who is unman-ied, and, with Norman, owns and occupies the homestead. Mrs. Perry is a hapjiy and cheerful old lady, full of neighborly deeds and kindnesses. W. DURFEE PETTIBONE, son of Anson and Hannah (Blakely), was born July 24, 1834. His father, a native of Vermont, was born at Bennington April 15, 17U4. His mother was a native of the same place, born June 8, 17y7. The family moved from Ver- mont to New York, and settled on a new farm in Wyoming County, N. Y. , and lived till 1845. In the year 1831, he had visited Macomb County and located 620 acres on the ridge near where the village of Armada now stands. This farm he improved and occu- pied to the time of his death, which took place April 20, 18*U. He was married, January 1, 1822, to Hannah Blakely. and had six childi-en, two living. Mi-s. Pettibone also died at Ai-mada. The suljject of this sketch spent his early yeai's on the homestead farm, and attended school in the public schools of the village, and taught school one year. He was mai-ried, March 28, 1800, to Annie A., daughter of Edward Lathrop, born in Pittsford, N. Y., April 27, 1837. Their children were— William E., born September 13, 1864, died Mai-ch 4, 1874; Jennie, born December 11, 1866, died February 3, 18()7; Eda, born June 23. 1868, died December 11, 1869: Fanny, born June 4, 1870; an infant daughter died October 12, 1875; Robert E. , born April 20, 1878. Mr. Pettibone inherited 300 acres of the home- stead, and has added 200 acres, erected tasty and complete buildings, good fences, etc. He was a charter member of the Armada Agricultural Society, and an officer therein; an officer in village and district; a member of the Congregational Church and Sabbath school, and a Republican in politics; a strong temperance man. EDWARD PETTIBONE, son of Anson and Hannah (Blakely) Pettibone. natives of Vermont, was born July 10, 1828, in Wyoming County, N. Y. ; came with bis father's family to Macomb in 1845; has always lived on the homestead, situated on Sections 24 and 19, Armada and Richmond Townships; married, January 1, 18(')0, Antoinette Butler, daughter of William Butler, of Buffalo; she was born May 19, 1824; has one child, Mary, born January 1(5, 1862. Mr. Pettibone received from his father's estate 300 acres, and has purchased sixty acres in addition —one of the best locations in the town on " the Ridge " near the village of Armada; always voted with the Republican partv. Mrs. Pettibone died March (>, 1874. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. AUSTIN H. PHILLIPS, son of John H. and Clarinda Briggs Phillips, was born in Armada Anciist IT, 1854. He attended school at Armada, lived on the homestead, and was mai-ried. December 30. ISTIi, to Lillian, daughter of Ezra Sibley, of Armada. She was bom May 1, iS'iU. They have two children — William Sibley, born June Id. ISTS: John Alva, born February 18. ISSO. Mr. Phillips is a farmer, meeting with good success. He is a member of the Baptist Chm-ch of the village, and Superintendent of the Sabbath school. He is a Republican in politics. JOHN H. PHILLIPS, son of John Phillips, was born in Lima. Livingston Co. . N. Y. , February 17. 1811. He was a farmer in New York, and moved to Macomb in 1848. He settled on a farm in Armada, in Section 1 7, which he kept for three years. He then re- moved to a farm adjoining the village of Armada, consisting of '21 K) acres, which he kept until his death, which took place May IH, 1879. His wife, Clarinda S. Briggs of Livings- ton County, N. Y. . was born in 1824; she died in May, 18()4. They had nine children, eight of whom are living. Mr. Phillips was a strong advocate of temperance, having taken the pledge when a small boy, and kept it sacred; a Baptist in religion, and anti-slavery in politics. GEORGE W. PHILLIPS, son of Ira and Martha (Day) Phillips, of Livingstou County. N. Y. , was born at that place July 17. 1829. His father was born in October, 1802. A farmer in the East, he sought the West to pursue the same calling, arriving in Macomb County September fi, 1831, and immediately entered upon K'lO acres of land in Section 19, Armada Township, where he reared a family of three sons, and died on the homestead September 4, 1855. Mrs. Phillips died July 14, ISfiO. G. W, succeeded his father on the homestead: was married, in 1856, to Lydia, daughter of A. W. Sterling, of Romeo, and has children as follows: Carrie E., born December Ifi, 1857 ; Frank I., bom May 24. 1859: George W., born July 24, IStii: Charles J., born Ajiril 29. 18()3: Hattie M., born July 17. I8fi(i; Fanny S., born May 22. 1870: John S.. born March 17. 1872: L. Minnie, born June 8. 1874. Mr. Phillips has always been foremost m the agricult- ural interests of the county: a charter member of the county agricultural society, and. from the third year of its existence an officer, and seven times its President; an officer of the State Agricultural Society twenty-two years, and President in 1880 and 1881: a member of the State Board of Agricultiu'e eleven years; also a leading officer in the Armada Agri- cultural Society and the Union Farmers' Club. Mr. Phillips is a fine musician, a promi- nent man in society, and a Republican, HENRY PRATT, sou of Josiah Pratt, a native of Vermont, was born in Westminster, Upper Canada, February 13, 1845; moved with his father's family to Section 1, Armada Township, in 1850; man-ied, March 17, to Helen, daughter of John Stonehouse; one child, Nellie S., born March 25, 1881. Mrs. Pratt was born in Canada October 14. 1843. Mr. Pratt has added fifty-two acres to the homestead, built a fine residence, and has brought the farm into good condition for general farming, in which he has met with good success; grandfather served in the war of the Revolution as a soldier, and was discharged at its close. JOSIAH PRATT, deceased, son of Josiah Pratt, a native of Massachusetts, was born in Vermont January 8, 1793; spent a portion of his life in Canada, and removed to Ma- comb County in 1850. He was married, first to Rebecca R. Jackson, who died in 1837: married Maria Gilbert, who died January 8, 1847; he then married Charlotte Waun, who died July 10, 1870. Mr. Pratt died at the homestead some years since. He was the fa- ther of twenty-three children, fifteen of whom 'TY. ^^'oodstock, iu the same State. The family are descendants from one Preston, who left England for America in lfi40, but of whom very little is known. His descendant, John Preston, of Andover. Mass., who is the fifth lineal ancestor of the subject of this sketch, was married" iu ITOC). to Mary Haynes, of Newbury. Mass., and afterward settled in Win- dom. Conn. Said Mary Haynes was the daughter of Jonathan Haynes, of Haverhill, Mass., of which family the following bit of history is related: On the 15th day of Au- gust, ItiiK), he and his four children — thi-ee boys and the said daughter Mary — were in the field near their house, the father reaping and the childi-eu picking lieans. While thus engaged, the Indians, who were at war with the whites, surprised them and carried them all to Pennacook, now the city of Concord, N. H. There they separated, one paxtj going to Maine, taking the father and one of the boys, Thomas by name; the other going to their home in Canada, and taking with them the other three children. The father and Thomas succeeded iu esca])ing. They pursued their way through the forests, making toward home as best they could. The old man gave out, and could go no farther, and sank down to die. The boy. in despair, climbed a high hill and looked around. Nothing but the in- temiinable forests met his vision. In his trouble, the little fellow cried aloud, and the only response was an echo. At length his ears caught a familiar sound — that of a saw- mill. He proceeded in the direction of the sound, and at length came to a white settle- ment on the Saco River. Here he got help and rescued his father, who soon recovered strength sufficient to pursue his jOurney home. The other children were taken to Canada aud sold to the French. Maiy was afterward redeemed by IdO pounds of tobacco, which WHS hauled to Canada on a hand-sled. The boys never came back. They were seen fifty or sixty years afterward by troops from Haverhill diu'ing the invasion of Canada in the French and Indian war. They were wealthy farmers, and one of them asked for his sis- ter; said that he remembered her, and that one of her fingers had been cut off by a little boy when a child, which was true. William E. Preston was married, in 1S46, to Lovinia Leonard, the daughter of Halsey Leonard, of Woodstock. Conn. Their children are Charles C, born November 5, 1847: Mary L., June 21. 1S.")0; John L., April 15. 1853; Hattie L., April (>, ISod; Bert C, January 2, 185'.); Anna C. April 20, 1801. Mr. Pres- ton came to Macomb in 1855, settling on a farm two miles south of Armada Village, which he afterward sold. and. removing to Armada Village in lS(u, engaged in the mercantile business, in which he still continues. The family of both Mr. aud Mrs. Preston are from a long-lived New England ancestry. BENJAMIN F. PROCTER is the son of John and Sarah Freeman Procter; was born iu Armada Township June 24, 1832. He attended the schools of Romeo and worked upon the farm, aud in 18f)5 went to Pontiac aud joined the firm of Procter & Co., merchant aud custom millers, whose mill was situated on the Clinton River near the city. This continued for about six years, when he purchased the farm in Armada, known as the Howell farm, on which he is still living. He also owns a large farm iu St. Clair County. He was married, in Pontiac, Mich., October 2, 18<)5, to Sarah A. Barkham. They have children as follows: Ada A., born August 11, 1867; Edmond J., born April 13, IStiU; Reed, born September 4, 1871; Clarence, February 14. 1874. Mrs. Procter was born September 3. 1833; her father brought his family fi'om England, and settled in Can- ada, and fi-om there moved to Michigan iu 183(1; settled iu Rochester, as a miller, in which business he is still engaged. Mi*. Procter is a Republican in politics, having voted for Fremont in 1850. JOHN L. PROCTER, one of the first settlers of .^-mada Township, was born at Alstead, N. H., July 18. 17Uy. He was the son of Benjamin Procter, of New Hampshire, whose wife, Sarah Freeman, of Berkshire, Vt,, was born April 13. 1805. He removed to Ma- comb in 1824. settled on Section 31, Armada Township, on land now occupied by the family. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. He was married in 1827; had seven ciiiklren, six of whom are still living. The deed of bis land bears date as first jmrchased in the township. The farmhouse, one of the first in the locality, is a monument of stability, having withstood the storms of more than forty- eight years, and is still in good condition. John L. Procter, son of the above, inherited the homestead: is unmarried, and lives with his two sisters. He is asuecessfiU farmer, and a dealer in fine cattle and sheep for Eastern markets. JOSEPH ROWLEY was born in Livingston County, N. Y., February i:^, ISTJ. He is the son of Erastus and Lydia Richai'dson Rowley, of Westfield, Conn. The father started to move to Michigan in 1S85, but died on the way, in Ohio, and was bmied there. The mother died in Ai'mada Townshi]i in IStU. Mr. Rowley bought land on Sections 7 and 8, in Armada, on which he still resides. He was mai'ried, August 4, 183U, to Eliza- beth, daughter of A. Smith, and they were the first couple married in Berlin Township, St. Clair County. Their children ,ire Oi-y, born November 12, 1840: Polly B., born June (i, 1842: Marianna, born August 17, 1844, died December "5, ]8n5: Franklin, born August 2('..'184(); George H., born August 20, 1848: Joseph, born -June 1, 1850; Nettie O., born February 11. 1852; Sarah E., born May I, 1854, died June 30. 1881; Elias, born May 21), 1851',; Lydia, born October 9, 1858; Willie J., born June 22, 1801. Mr. Rowley was a keen and successful hiinter. He killed 180 deer the first three seasons on the place, and thirty per season for many years after. He is a Jackson Democrat. NATHAN ROWLEY was the son of Erastus Rowley, of Westfield, Conn., and was born May 17. 1802. He removed to Macomb County in June, 1831, and was married. November 5, 1834, to Abigail, daughter of Frederick Alch'ich. In 183(), he took up land on Sections 7 and 8. Armada, which he improved, and where he lived up to 1880. He died at Good- rich, Genesee County, July 27, 1881. Mrs. Rowley was born in Canandaigua County, N. Y., August 12, 1800, and died October 5, 1877. The grandfather is a survivor of the Rev- olution, and they are from a long-lived race of people. LIBERTY ROWLEY was born at Armada Township October 10, 1838. He was the son of Nathaniel and Abigail Rowley, of same place; was married, December 25, 18(i3, to Mary L. Banfill, who was born at Ypsilanti, Mich., December 20, 1847. Their children are as follows: Arthiu- T.. born October 31. 1805, died Aiigust 7, 1872: Carrie E.. born December 2, 1871; Rubie. born Januar}- 21, 1874, died in November. 1875; Mary L., born November 8, 1878, Mr. Rowley purchased a }iart of his father's farm, on Section 8, Ar- mada, on which he lives, and keeps a stock of general merchandise. Mr. Rowley and wife have been members of the Methodist Protestant Church for fifteen years, and he has always been a Republican. SAMUEL SHEPARDSON, son of Samuel Shepardson, a native of Vermont, was born in Windham County, in that State, November 10, 1810. At the age of twenty-one. he re- moved to Canada, and thence to Macomb County, arriving in the spring of 1 853. He pur- chased a farm on Section 3, Armada Township, where he ha.s lived ever since. He has cleared up the farm, built all the buildings and added forty acres. He married. January 13, 1853, Elizabeth M.. daughter of Abel Siimner, of New Brunswick. They have no chil- dien. Mr. Shej)ardson is a cheese-maker, and has turned his farm to the production of that staple. He has fiu-nished a store in Romeo with cheese for the past eighteen years. His father served his country in 1812, and was honorably discharged. ALVAH SIBLEY was Isorn in Berkshire. Mass., in March, 1 790, where he lived un- til he was twenty-one years of age. He then removed to Brighton, Mom-oe Co., N. Y., where he was niiu-ried to Mary, daughter of Joseph Corbin. of Woodstock, Conn. She was liorn March 4. 1803. Her parents were pioneers of Western New York. Mr. Sibley removed his family to Macomb County in October, 1835. and settled on Section 25, town- ship of Armada, where his widow still resides. His father, Ezra Sibley, was a Revolu- r HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tionaiy soldier, having served in the conflict for seven years, diu'ing six of whicli he passed without sleeping outside of camp. His gi-andfather was a British officer in the AVest India ser^ ice, and died of yellow fever. The family are of Norman origin. Mr. Sibley was a man of stern principles of honesty and adherence to the Christian faith: a Deacon in the Congrega- tional Chiu'ch of Ai'mada from its organization until his death, which occun-ed in February, 1870. Deacon Sibley is remembered with afl'ectionate regard. His family consisted of three sons — Alfred I. Sibley, born in Brighton. X. Y.. September 18. 1824. and is now a resident of Cass County, Iowa: Ezra F. Sibley, still a resident of Armada: and William H. Sibley, born in Annada December 2. 1838. He remained with his father's family and attended school at Mt. Clemens and Komeo until the commencement of the civil war, when he laid aside his great ambition for an education and went forth in defense of his country. He enlisted in Company A. Ninth Michigan Infantiy, under Col. Duffield. and died of typhoid fever in January, 18()2, at Elizabethtowu, Ky. He is remembered as a worthy Christian soldier. EZRA F. SIBLEY, son of Alvah and Mary Sibley, was born in Brighton. N. Y, November '2U. 1827. He removed T\dth his father's family to Macomb County in 1835. where he attended school and remained at home until he attained his majority. He then began working at the carpenter's ti'ade for a few years, and was man-ied. September 13, 1853. to Adaline A. Pierson, a native of Eush. Mom'oe Co.. N. Y. In 185U, he engaged in mercantile business, in company with William H. Clark, in Armada Village, and at the opening of the civil war. he enlisted in Company A, Ninth Michigan Infantry, under Col. Duffield; served as a musician most of the time, and was captm-ed, July 13. 18()2, by Gren. Forrest: was paroled, and soon after discharged by general order mustering out all regimental bands from the service. He again engaged in carpenter work until 1809, when he was appointed station agent on the Michigan Air-Line Eailroad at Armada. Mich., which office he has held since that time. His family consists of two daughters — Lillian M. Sibley, born May 1, 185U, married, 187(), to Austin H. Phillips, and resides in Ai'mada: Minnie A. Sil)lev. born August 22. I8n7. COLBY AND PHILIl' SHORT, born in Ontario County, N. Y. Their father's name was Colby Short, who died in Ontario. Colby was born January 11, 1838; Philip, De- cember 25, 183U. Colby came to Macomb in the autumn of IStHh Philip, in 18H2; set- tled on Section 12: afterward bought laud on Section 2, Armada Township, where they now live. Philip married, July 10, 18* u. Angeline Woolman, born at Mt. Clemens Sep- tember 20, 1S4(>: had five childi'en, four of whom are now living. Colby is ni^t married. They are extensively engaged in the sale of farm implements. Colbj' enlisted, September lit, l8(il, in Company L, First Michigan Cavalry, and served four yeai-s: was Gen. Banks' Private Orderly three months. The company was body guard to Gen, Banks one year. He reached home in August, 18()5. LEWIS SMITH, son of Calvin Smith, was born in Tolland County, Conn., Decem- ber 27. 1832: came with his father's family to Macomb County in 1842: was engaged ujjon raih'oads three years, and then retiu-ned to the homestead, where he uow lives: mar- ried, July y, 1864. Frances Curtiss. daughter of Harrj' Curtiss, of Richmond Town- ship. They had one child, which died in infaney. Mrs. Smith died August 18, 18711, He man-ied again, April 3, 1877, Anna Skidmore, of Troy, Oakland County ; no children. Mrs, Smith was born June 28, 1837. 'Mi: Smith has held offices in township and agri- eultm-al societies. He liuilt a good house on his farm, and added eighty acres to the same. Before the war. he was a Democrat in politics: since that time, he has been a Republican. His great-grandfather. James McNary. was in the war between England and France. Be- ing taken prisoner, he was confined in the hold of a vessel for seven days without food, except a pair of calf -skin boots, which, being cut in small pieces, was eaten by himself HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. and his comrades. They afterward overpowered the crew, brought the vessel to America, entered the American Army and served in the war of the Revolution, being honorably dis- charged at its close; was also in the war of 1812. CALYIN SMITH was born in Tolland County, Conn., in 171)3: entered the army in 1812 as a private, and was promoted to Sergeant in 1814; served during the war, and was discharged with a land warrant, which he located in St. Clair County; moved to Macomb, and stopped a short time in Ray Township, then settled on a farm in Section 12, which he cleared up, and where he died in 1853. He was married to Mary McNary. of his native place, by whom he had eight childi-en, three of whom survive. She died at the homestead in 1872, aged seventy-eight years. His father, David Smith, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, and two of his sons served in the civil war, and in the Indian troubles in Minnesota, and were wounded there. SETH SMITH, son of Asa Smith, was born June 10, l.S2o, at Dightou, Mass.; moved to Ontario County, N. Y. ; thence to Michigan in September, 18(')3; settled in Lenox Town- ship three years; moved to Armada Village in 18(>(), where he has since lived. He was married, July 2(1, 1852, to Sarah S. Htibbell, of Ontario County, who was born September 4, 1834. They have six childi-en. The gi-andfather of Mrs. Smith, Nathan West, served in the war of 1812. Mr. Smith has been a dealer in fat stock. In polities, he is a Dem- ocrat. DR. JOHN S. SMITH was born March 2l). 1822. His father, Asa Smith, was a na- tive of Massachusetts, and moved to Macomb County in 1854, and settled on Section 24, Ai'mada. where he died in 18(55. Dr, John Smith graduated fi'om the Medical School at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1844; practiced medicine at Ontario County, N. Y., two year.s, then removed to Macomb County in 1847 and engaged in the practice of his profession at Ai-- mada Village. This was continued until 18()(). In 1858, he read and studied law, and the same year began the practice of law. He graduated from the Law De^iartment of Ann Arbor, and was admitted to the bar; in the spring of 1S(')3, entered the army as Quartermaster and remained for one year. On retiring, he engaged in farming and as a dealer in hops, buying annually large quantities and sending them to distant markets. In 18()7, in company with Mi-. H. Barrows, he began the erection of a brick block in Ai-mada Village, which was to be completed the next year; when the walls were nearly completed, they fell, and Dr. Smith was killed. This took place September 19, 18()8. He was mar- ried, in 1845, to Linda B. Jones, of Ontario, N. Y. They had no children. Dr. Smith was always ready to promote the interests of the village and tovraship; was an houoralile man, and a consistent Democrat. HORACE H, SPENCER, of Armada, was the son of Ii-a and Sally (Earl) Spencer, and was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, June 17, 1822. His father was a native of Speucertown, N. Y., and gave the name to that place. The family removed to INIacomb in 1S3U, and settled in Richmond Township, where the father died in 187(), at the age of eighty-five; the mother died in 18()(5. The subject of this sketch was married, June 12, 1844, to Mary Chamberlin, who was born in Ontario County, N. Y., March 18, 1818. After mai-riage, he bought land on Section 27, Armada, which "he partly cleared, and then sold, buying again on Section 14, which he kept till 1871, when he removed to the village of Armada, where he still resides: have had seven children, foiu- of whom, sons, are still liv- ing. Mr Spencer has held office in the township twenty-eight years (Justice of the Peace); always a Democrat, but often elected by Republicans. JAMES STEPHENS, son of James Stephens, of Scotland, was born in that country September 2, 1817; left his fatherland in 1841 to become a farmer in Michigan. He Ijciught land in Lapeer County, on the line of Macomb, in 1848, where he resided some yi'ars. He afterward bought a farm on Section 7, Armada Township, where he now re- it^ HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. sides. Married, Janiiaiy 0, 1848, Anna Morton, daughter of James Morton. Their chil- dren's record is as follows: Margaret, born November 11, 1848, mamed and lives in Ai-mada Tovmship : Agnes W., born August 27. 1850. married and lives in Bruce Township; James B. , born March 16, 18, he mar- ried Julietta Holms, and has two childien — Sarah J., born September 15, 1865, and John S. , born August H>, 1867. Mrs. Sumner was born in Armada January 27, 1838. The Doctor has a small farm in connection with his practice. JONAS S. SUTTON, son of Amsey and Abigail (Dowd) Sutton, he a native of Massa- chusetts and she of Connecticut; was boi-n in Genesee County, N. Y.. March 17, 1835; removed to Macomb County in 1837, with the family, and settled in Ray Township, where they lived for eight years, then to Section 32 in Armada and lived nine years, then to Richmond ^nd lived for eighteen years, then again to Ai'mada, where he has lived the past twelve years. Married, March 20, 1856, Calista, daughter of Asahel Bernard, who was a native of Connecticut; she was born March 9, 1835; their childi'en are as follows: Hattie A., born January 18, 1857, died March 26, 1858; Hattie J., born April 27, 1858, died November 18, 18r;2: Willie A., born August 27, 1864; Eddie W., born July 24, 1866. After his marriage, Mr. Sutton engaged in business as a machinist and engineer for twenty years; since that time, has followed the occupation of a painter. He is a tine singer, and teaches music, and leads thechiu'ch music. In politics, he is a Republican. Mrs. Sutton's parents were natives of .Connecticut, and moved to Macomb in 1844; father died in 1866, and mother died in 1872. HIRAM TAYLOR, son of Levi and Rhoda Madison Taylor, of Connecticut, was born at Rutland, Vt., September 10, 1811. His mother's people were from Rhode Island, and were of English descent; came from the to^vnship of Clarendon, Vt., to Maeoml) County, Mich., June 17, 1846, and bought a farm of 200 acres on Section 32, Armada Township, for which he paid $3,601), on which he still resides. Mr. Taylor was married, October 44 #- 31, 1834, to Ann Melissa Walker, of Clarendon, Rutland Co., Vt. They have had two children — Melissa Ann. born at Clarendon, Rutland County, March 19, 1836, married Mr. Moses WjTnan, of Ontai'io County. N. Y. ; he died in October, 1872: she married again, Andi'cw Adams, and now resides in Aubui'n, Oakland Co., Mich.; Sarah, born August 23, 1837, and died September 24, ISSI, at the old home. Mrs. Taylor died October 4. 1873, aged tifty-eight. When Mr. Taylor moved from Vermont, he brought forty thorough Merino sheep, for which he paid from $U> to $15 a head. He has been a careful breeder of fine sheep, and has made several importations, at a later date bringing, at one time, a flock of nearly one hundred sheep. He was a member of the Baptist Church in Vermont, and, although not uniting with any church here, his preference has been toward that church; cast his tirst vote for Jackson, and has been a Democrat since. MRS. MARCIA THURSTON, daughter of Jesse Bishop, of Bruce Township, was bom March K), 1845: married to Manly Thm'ston, sou of B. H. Thurston, October 15, 18H2; after marriage, resided on the farm of his father one year, then bought the farm on Section 18 known as the Donaldson farm, on which the family still reside. Mr. Thurs- ton died March 3. 1870. They had four childi-en, three of whom are still living on the homestead. Mrs. Thm-ston has erected a tine and commodious residence, and has a tine and prosperous farm business. She is and has for many years been connected with the Christian Chiu'ch of Romeo: a fine musician, vocal and instrumental, and a prominent worker in the Sabbath school. Lillian, born October 29, 18(53, died October 24, 1879; Henry J., born August 2, 1865; Abbie L., born September 27, 1867; Manly W., born Jan- uary <), 1870. " BENJAMIN H. THURSTON, son of Joseph Thurston, was born October 22, 1816; removed from New York to Macomb with his parents about 1832 and settled on Section 19, in Armada Townshij): spent his boyhood at home and received the homestead farm; was married. September 29, 1839, to Electa Sperry, of Pennsylvania, who was bo)'n Sep- tember 14, 1820. They had three children, one of whom is still living. Mrs. Thurston died June 14.1849. He then married Mrs. Ruth B. Brown. April 28. 1852. who died March 1, 1873; married again. September 23. 1873, to Mi-s. Caroline Hamilton, who died October 20. 1875. Mr. Thurston has always been a tii'm supporter of the anti-slavery movement, and a Christian in foiin of worship. SETH E. WALKER, youngest son of Richard Walker, was born in Armada May 21, 1851. He came into possession of the home farm in 1872. and still occupies the same. It consists of 200 acres, situated on Section 16, Armada Townshij). He was married, November 16, 1875, to Carrie I. Draper, of Warsaw. N. Y. They have one child, Charles R., Ijorn September 13, 1877. Mr. Walker is a successful farmer, and has always been a Republican in folitics, and Congregational in form of worship. RICHARD AVALKER, deceased, was born at Georgetown, Md.. September 4, 1797, removed with his father's family to Ontario County, N. Y., where he man-ied Elenor, daughter of .John Ray, of the latter place, and removed to Macomb County in the spring of 184 4 and in night a large fann on Section 16, Armada, which he cleared and improved, and where he died April 23, 1879. Mrs. Walker was born" in Bennington County, Vt. , who died at the home in Armada, and he afterward married a Mips Tibbits. who still survives. They had ten children, fom* of whom still live. IDDO WARNER, son of John Warner, of Vermont, was born Februan- 11, 1796, and came to Macomb June 12, 1824, in Washington Township, where he lived three years, then moved to Ai-mada and settled on Section 31, on the North Branch of the Clinton River, where he lived up to the time of his death, which took place August 15, 1852. He was married. July 13, 1819. to Sophia Phillips, at Lima, Livingston Co., N. Y. , and had three children — Julia, born August 1. 1820, married J. Smith, and died July 9, 1878; •^ G f— -^ 5) ^ ' i jyj James, born September 11, 1824, living in Armada Township; Elizabeth, born March U. 1835, married Robert Coykendall and lives at Romeo. IVL's. Warner still lives with her son. JAMES I. WARNER, son of Iddo and Sophia (Phillips) Warner, was born at \^'ash- ington Village, Macomb County. September 11, 1824; moved with the family to the farm on the " Branch," where he lived till June. LSoO, when he piu'chased the Gates farm. Section IS, Armada, where he still resides; was married, June 2'K 1847, to Spedee Bishop, who was born at Ontario County. N. Y. , and died July 1). 1852. They had two children — Ellen, born April 22, 1848, man-ied Norman Peny and lives in Armada Township; Georg© I., born June 2f). 1852, and lives in Armada Township; married again. June 28, 1854. to Jane Walton, who died Aiaril 13, 18()(l; had one child, Terry, born November '.). 1857,. died April. 18(')2; again married, July 2, 1872, to Phcebe Wilder, of Armada Township. Mr. Warner has added to the original purchase of land 784 acres, situated in various parts of the State. He has erected one of the finest and most substantial farmhouses in the county, good bai'ns and sheds, wind-mills, and all the requirements for a first-class farm business: in politics, alwavs a RepiTblican. REUBEN WAKRENER was born at Royal Oak, Oakland County. July 2U. 1832. He is the son of John Wan'ener, of Brighton, near London, England. Reuben came to this county in 1855, and married, Jtily 4, 1855, Lydia, daughter of Nathan Rowley, and bought a portion of the farm of his father-in-law, where he now resides. Section 7. Armada Township. They had two children — Maiy. born October 5, 185<), died Janiiary 11, 1857; Abbie, born July 25, 1802, married E. J. Cross and lives on the homestead. Mi\ War- rener enlLsted, August Vl, 18(')2, in Company B. Twenty-second Michigan Volunteer In- fantry, and served three years. He participated in six engagements, and served in military prison, and contracted diseases from which he still suffers; is Republican in his politics, STEPHEN S. WELLS was born November 3, 1813, in Ulster County, N. Y. His father, Charles Wells, of the same place, moved to Macomb County in 1828; settled one and a half miles south of Romeo; after some years, removed to Section 8, Armada, which he cleared from the stump, and where he died in 1844. Mrs. Wells was Anna Hood, a relative of Thomas Hood, the poet, and was born in Ulster County, and died in 1859. They had nine children, fom- of whom still live. On the death of his father, Stephen as- sumed control of the homestead, and maiTied Sarah Stiles in 1S38; she dying, he married Sarah Hunt, who died in 1847; next married Isabella Tuttle, in 18()0; he then mai-ried Lemira Church, who, with her Husband, still lives on the farm. They have had six chil- dren, four of whom still live. JOHN AVILDER, son of Artemus and Catherine Sherburne Wilder, was born at Lan- caster, N. H.. January 1, 1812. His grandfather, Artemus Wilder, a native of England, was a Major in the war of the Revolution, served to its close, and died at Lancaster in 1808. The father was born at Lancaster in 1707 where he lived imtil the year 1810, then removed to Quebec, thence to Kingston when that place was a small village, surrounded by a brush fence, and was engaged in the business of butchering. He died of cholera in 1832. His mother was a native of Portland. Me., daughter oi Harry Sherburne, of that place, of English descent. -She died at Wolf Island, St. Lawrence River, in 1858. John moved with the family to Kingston, where he lived till the time of his marriage, which took place August 8, 1835, to Mary, daughter of Hemy and Hannah (Wright) Harvey, of English descent, who came to Kingston, Canada, in 1822. Mary was boi-n September 25, 1815. When he moved to Wolf Island, St. LawTence River, he cleared u)i a farm of fifty acres from a wilderness, which he bought for $5 per acre and sold for §52 per acre. As a sample of what Macomb people can do, we mention the following: Reaching Wolf I.-^land, Mr. Wilder, with his wife, moved into a fisherman's hut, which had a fire-place in ^' 716 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. one comer and a hole in the roof through which the smoke might escape. Soon after, he got the help of neighbors and built a log house 13x20, and had lumber enough to cover half the roof and half the floor; diu'ing the tirst summer, had neither door nor window, but. used a bed-ijuilt to hang before the hole where there ought to be. These were at last provided, second-hand, fi'om an old building in the vicinity. Wolves were fierce and plenty, and at one time attacked Mr. Wilder's cattle, which at once formed in a circle, the calves and young cattle in the center, and the cows and oxen on the oiitside. One wolf was shot, and the others Hed. Mrs. Wilder worked at clearing laud all day, with a baby in a cradle near at hand, and with a small lioy with a bell on his neck to keej) him from being lost. The wolves were at length driven fi'om the island by a raid of all the inhabitants. After selling the farm on the island, Mr. Wilder pm'chased land in Wales, St. Clair Co., Mich., but, on account of his wife's ill health, concluiled to pm-chase an imjtroved place. After consiilerable search, he bought the farm of about one hundred acres on Section 27 of Armada Township, where he has since resided. Mr. Wilder's fam- ily consists of the following: John W., born at Kingston July 8, 183(i, died at home February 11, I8t)l; Henry L., born at Kingston January 13, 1837, now living in Armada Township; Catherine H., born on Wolf Island December 2, 1839, maiTied and living in llomeo Village; William H., born on Wolf Island December 4, 1841, served in the war of of the rebellion, and died at home in July, 1874; Jonas W., born on Wolf Island August 6, 1843, married and lives in Armada Township; Phebe E., born on Wolf Island, Septem- ber 14, 1845, married and lives in Armada Township; Samuel S., born on Wolf Island Sep- tember 25. 1847, married and lives in Armada Tovmship; Artemas T., born on Wolf Island August 24. 1S51, married and living in Armada Township; Albert P. , born on Wolf Island 1 )c(i'iiil>i'i' S. \S'i:]. married and lives in Armada Township; Almira, born on Wolf Island Fel)ruary in. IS.'iC), died at the homestead February 17, 1874; Isaac 11., born at Ai-mada June 10, 18<)(), died April li), 18()1. Mr. Wilder has always been a liepublican in poli- tics, and a Methodist in i-eligion. Mr. W^ilder favors the Established Chm-ch. She boasts of having fiu-nished from her family seven votes for Garfield. Mr. Wilder is a hale and hearty man; never has taken a dose of medicine in his life. He has never drunk intoxi- cants nor used tobacco in any form — an example followed by all his large family. He has one of the most sightly, pleasant and commodious places in Armada Township. His farm is supplied with a wind-mill, good barns, and all the necessary appendages of a prosper- ous business, and is makinjj the product of milk a leading feature. JOHN H. WILSON, son of John Wilson, was born' in Lincolnshire, England, Octo- ber 12, 1834; he came to St. Clair County with his father's family in 1842, vrho settled in the woods in Berlin Township, in St. Clair County, in a bark-covered hut. In 1858, John H. bought forty acres of land on Section (i. Armada, Macomb County, the same on which he now resides. He was maiTied. October 13, 18(>0, to Mary Shepherd, who was born in Perthshire, .Scotland, Octobers. 1839. Their childi'en were as follows: Albert N., born July 21, 1801; Cyrus T., born May 0, 18()3, died March 17, 18 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. TIIK i;TICA LYCEl'M. This association, for the promotion of education, was orgfanized November 1, 1839. The original members were Hareligh Carter, Peter S. Palmer, J. B. Carter, M. H. A. Evans, D. M. Price, H. 0. Bronsou, C. S. Madison, C. B. H. Fessenden, Gurdon C. Leech, N. D. Stebbins, C. \V. Chapel, F. D. Watkins, Orson Sheldon, John James, L. T. Ten Eyek, H. R. Schetterly, J. C. McKisson, James Stephens, John Gray, G. W. Men-ill, Gary Worden, A. E. Fuller and Orville Stevens. The first meeting of the association was held in the Presbyterian session room, with Orson Sheldon in the chair and P. J. Palmer, Secretary. A committee on constitution reported at an adjourned meeting, held December '2, 1839, when a series of rules for the government of the lyceum was adopted. The first officers were; O. Sheldon, President: N. D. Stebbins, Vice President: C. B. H. Fessenden, Secretary: J. B. Carter, Treasui'er: C. W. Chapel, Collector; R. L. Clai-ke, Librarian: J. C. McKisson, F. D. Watkins and G. W. Merrill, Committee of Arrangements. The first question discussed was, •' Should the laws of Usiu-y be abolished'!"" The last record of the association is dated January 9, 185S, and signed by C. L. Jenny, Secretary. Pre vious to the organization of the lyceum. the Utica Library Association existed. The Mammoth Hotel was built at Utica in 1839, and opened for business January 1, 1840. Numbers of people from all parts of the county, as well as from Oakland, AVayne and St. Clair Couaties were jjresent. THE CONfillEOATION.M. CHirRcni. Rev. William Piatt commenced labor in Utica, Mich., on the first Sunday in June, 1854. Januaiy 11, 1855, ''the scattered fragments"' of a Presbyterian Church and a few others "were organized by Council into a Congregational Chiu-ch. " The original mem- bers of this church numbered sixteen. John B. Chapman and Oliver Nichols were the first Deacons. Ths first-named still resides at Utica, and is at this date (February, 18S2) the sole Deacon of the church. Rev. William Piatt was the first pastor, and continued to hold that office until his voluntary retirement, in the summer of 1871. He was suc- ceeded in August of the same year by O. Hobbs, whose ministry lasted six months. From the 1st of February, 1872, to the latter part of September, there was no pastor, but meet- ings were held, the ("lerk of the church reading sermons. Dr. Payson Breede, a young man. commenced labors with the church as minister Sejitember 22. He continued to be pastor Tintil A])ril 1. 1877. During this ministry, the chiu'ch made considerable additions. The house, though decorated within and fm'nished with a f lu'uace and pipe-organ, remains essentially the same as when first built, if we except a small addition made in the rear for the accommodation of th? new organ. During the earlier history of the church, it was aided by the American Home Missionary Society. Some years since, however, it ceased to receive this'aid, and is at present supported wholly by funds from Utica and the sur- rounding country. In the building of its house of worship, the church received the aid of the Congregational Union. The seats are at present mostly owned by individuals. The present (February, 1882) resident membership is* about sixty. HIOGRAPIIICAL. The personal history of the township constitijtes a very essential part of the history of the county. It is the record of industry, of enterprise and of duty done. This most important branch of local history has been treated extensively, every effort was made to render it full and correct, and therefore, we have pleasure in referring oiu* readers to the pages devoted to it in this volume: WILLIAM BROWNELL, P. O. Utica. Mr. B. was born November 1(5, 1830, in Farmington, Oakland Co., Mich. ; is the son of George and Clarissa Grant Brownell: his #* 'A father was one of tlie pioneer settlers of Oakland County, was born in New Lisbon, Otsego Co.. N. Y. , and died August 1"), ISTit; his mother was born January 'i. l^O'l, in the State of New York, and died September 17, 18."),"); in the spring of IS.M, Dr. Brownell came to this county and began the practice of his profession, which he has since continued, with the exception of three years" service in the war of the rebellion, as Sui'geon of the Second Regiment Michigan Cavalry; he was married, May 10, IS.jf), at -Jackson, Mich., to Jane E. Scudder, born September 13, 1834, at Utica: two of thi'ee children born to them are living — Lizzie M. , born May 21, 1851), died Sejjteraber 28, 1862; Kate G. , February 23, 1865, and William S., May 14, 1868. Dr. B. was elected to represent his district two terms in the Legislature: he has been a member of the School Board of Utica fifteen years, and has been its President since 1867; has been actively connected with school in- terests thirty vears: he is a Democrat in politics. IKA h! BITTTERFIELD, Sr., was born December 6, 1812, in Perry, Wyoming Co., N. y. ; removed permanently to Michigan in November, 1838, where he settled on Section 32, township of Shelby; there he resided continuously until the spring of 1866, when he removed to Lapeer, Lapeer County, where he still resides. Mrs. Rachel McNeill Butter- field was born in Antrim, N. H., in 1811, and was a direct descendant of the Scotch-Irish people who settled Londonderry, N. H. They were married in 1838, just before settling in Michigan; this lady died iu October, 1846. IRA HOWARD "BUTTERFIELD, Jr., was born December 22, 1840, on Section 32, township of Shelby, one and one-half miles northwest of the village of Utica, where he lived until the spring of 1861, when he went to California overland, with stock, remaining away nearly thi-ee years: was then two years at Utica on his father's farm; iu the spring of 1866, removed to Lapeer, Mich., and purchased a farm, and, up to May, 187U. was en- gaged in stock-raising and farming; since then and at present he is a Deputy Collector and Inspector of Customs at Port Hm-on, Mich. , and is also one of the Directors of the State Agricultm-al Society. August 21.), 18()6, he married Miss Olive F. Davison, who was born August 8, 1842, in the township of Atlas, Genesee County, Mich. ; her father was Oliver P. Davison, a native of Nev,- York, who settled in that township in 1831; they were the parents of fiiur childi-en, two of whom died young; two boys are now living — Kenyon L. , born in IStiS. and Clinton D. in 1878. ELIPHALET J. CANNON, P. O. Washington, farmer. Section 3, was borp Novem- ber 18, 1812, in Shrewsbury. Rutland Co., Yt. ; he is the son of Pearl and Mary (Fuller) Cannon (see sketch of Gen. G. H. Cannon). Mr. C. came to this county in September. 1806, and purchased eighty three acres of land: he now owns 164 acres of first-class land with good dwelling and commodious and substantial buildings. Mr. Cannon was mar- ried, November 30. 1834, to Tryphouia M. Prouty, a native of Granville, Washington Co.. N. Y. ; her mother was born July 4, 1793. in Hartford, Washington Co., N. Y., her father in 1775, in Worcester County, Mass. ; her gi-andfather was a soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. and Mrs. Cannon have had six children, whose record is as follows: Mary J., born March 19. 183r); Anna M., January 9. 1837, died January 23, 185."); Paulina f., July 4, 1839, married James S. Lawson. May 22. 1861: Juliette I., April 25, 1842. died June 17, 1862; Levi E., April 21, 1844, married Lucelia M. Manley, December 16, 1868: Ella A., October 23. 1847, married Martin C. Williams, July 16, 1872, died April 19, 1880. Mr. C. is a Republican in politics and himself and wife are members of the Chi-istian Chiu-ch, of Romeo. Levi Cannon, only son of Eliphalet and Mahala Cannon, of English and Ger- man descent, was born April 21, 1844, in Day, Saratoga Co.. N. Y. : removed witli his parents to Shelby, Macomb Co., Mich., in October, 185r); married, Decemlier 16. 1868, to Lucelia M. Manley, second daughter of Joel W. and Julia Manley, of English and Irish descent, bora June 28, 1846, in Shelby, Macomb County; they have always been residents HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. of Shelby and have no children. Mr. C. is a farmer and, for the past ten years, has de- voted considerable time to locating and estimating pine and hardwood lands in the northern part of the States: latterly he is in the employ of the D., M. & M. R. R. Company of the Upper Pennisiila. GEORGE HENRY CANNON, P. O. Washington, was born in Day, Saratoga Co., N. Y., December HO, 1820; he is the son of Pearl and Mary (Fuller) Cannon, natives of Warwich. Mass.; the latter was born April 10, 178(), the former in 1784; they were mar- ried in 1805, and had eleven children, seven of whom siu'vive, as follows. Rev. John Can- non. September 21, 1808; Rev. Isaiah Fuller Cannon, September 1(5, 1810; Eliphalet Johnson. November IS, 1812; Maiy\ July Ki, J8l8: George H., December HO, 1S2<); Levi Hathaway, April lU, 1880, and Sarah, April 11, 18H2. The senior Cannon removed his family to Saline, Washtenaw County, in 18HH, and, fom- years later, to Bruce, Macomb County, settling in Shelby in 184(): he died in that township January '), 18r>2, and his wife died March '2.7), 18()2; both grandsires of Mr. Cannon were engaged in the country's earliest struggle for existence, and their descendants have preserved names guiltless of divorce or criminal records. Mr C. is a creditable sample of what a man may make of himself: in his youth, Michigan had no free schools, and he obtained his education through his own exertion, working nights and mornings for his board and for the teacher at the close of his term to pay his tuition; at nineteen, he entered the service of a party explor- ing in the Lake Superior regions, with whom he remained one year, meantime coasting in an open boat nearly around that lake. The record of his travels were publishea in a series of letters soon after his retiu'n; he attended the academy at Rochester, Oakland County, two years: the institution was under the charge of Peter Moyers, of Washington Township, during the lirst year: he died and was succeeded by Prof. R. C. Kedzie, now Professor of Chemistry of the Agricultural College at Lansing: after leaving the academy, Mr. C. taught two winters in Oakland County and two in Macomb County ; in the spring of 1849. he was employed by Judge W. A. Burt, in company with others, in making an examina- tion of a district north and west of the Saginaws: in 18r)0, he had chai-ge of the surveys for Mr. Burt. and. during that season, made the sub-divisional lines of about ten tovvn- ships; on the Itth day of August, he was appointed United States Deputy Siu'veyor, in which capacity he has performed a large amoiuat of surveying on the Government lands as embraced in nine contracts, including the Grand Traverse Region, many towns near Cheboygan and the islands of Saginaw Bay: he also did much work on the Upper Penin- sula and examined by appointment the condition of the surveys in the territory between Lakes Superior and Michigan, and from the meridian line as far west as the pictured rocks, consuming two seasons in the vFork and crossing the peninsula from lake to lake several times; he was also appointed to survey an extensive district of township lines on the north shore of Lake Superior in Minnesota, which extended to Pigeon River, the national boundary line. During the summer of 185(), he made the survey of an extensive Indian Reservation; since the closing of the public siu"veys, he has been largely engaged in examining and selecting pine and farming lands in Michigan and W'isconsin. Mr. Cannon resides on Section 4: besides his homestead, he owns extensive lands in several counties of this State; he was married, October 81, 1852, to Lucy Marie, daughter of Isaac Cole, of Erie County, N. Y. : their children's record is as follows: Alice, wife of Dr. A. Clarke, of Caunonsbm-g, Kent County, bom August 10, 1858; Eber P., born January 20, 1855, deceased; George Lee, November 18. 1850, deceased: Frank E., June 24, 1800, deceased; Howard B., February 5, 1808, and William A.. September 28, 1870. Mr. C. is a man of quiet and retiring manners, yet sufficiently mindful of his inherent obligations as an American citizen to respond cheerfully to the summons of his peers to official duty. Since the days of Fremont, he has been an unwavering supporter of the principles of HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Republicanism aud au uncompromising Union man during the rebellion and is always found in the service of practical Christianity; he contributed generously to the erection of the Union Church at Washington, and is, with his wife, a non-resident member of the Mt. Vernon Baptist Church: his religious views are characterized by tolei-ance of the opinions and beliefs of others; he is a warm-hearted friend to all worthy humanity and entertains his guests with a marked generosity: his moral character is without a stain ; his word is a bond and his judgment in practical business life is considered justly uner- ring. REV. JOHN CANNON (autobiography). I was born in the town of New Salem, Mass., September 21, 1808, and was the eldest child of Pearl Cannon and Mary Fuller, his wife; both parents were of English ancestry; my paternal and maternal grandfather each served diu'ing the Revolutionary war; my family moved westward, to New Hamp- shire, in 1810; thence to Vermont, in 18'2(): thence to Day, Saratoga Co., N. Y. I shared the toils and hardships incident to a pioneer's life in the rocky, mountainous portion of Eastern New York, om- chief occupation being lumbering, shaving shingles and •• peeling tanbai-k." March '28, 1830, I married Sally Cook, daughter of Stephen Cook, of Welsh descent, and Thankful Creal, whose parents came from Holland: we have raised a family of seven childi-en — Stephen B. , born September 30, 1832 (see sketch): Sarah M,, Septem- ber 22, 1834; John W., Jan. 17. 183H; Hannah M., April 10. 1838; Ellery C, December 28, 1842: Mary L., August 21, 1846; Thedee A., August 30, 1841t. The "year following our marriage, we began to hear of the land of " milk and honey," where porkers ran about ready roasted, with carving-knife and fork stuck in their back, and money grew on bushes — even the Territory of Michigan; being tired of climbing hills and desirous of obtaining a home, we left om- kindred aud set out for the promised land. After a weary joiu-uey, we arrived in Washtenaw County, in the fall of 1831; the following year, we purchased land near Ypsilanti, building a comfortable frame house, and, feeling much elated with our success, began to improve om' home. I had been converted at the age of sixteen, and united with the Christian Church, whose creed is the Bible, and had early been impressed that it was my duty to preach the word to a perishing world. After much prayer, I laid the matter before my faithful wife, who, with her accustomed bravery, answered: "Do what is yovu- duty, and I will do all 1 can to help you." In the year 1834, we sold our home and moved to Royal Oak. Oakland County. I now gave my time to the work of traveling and preaching, while my family lived upon short rations and fared hard, as the pioneer minister's wife and children are often obliged to do. My circuit embraced Wayne, La- peer, Macomb and part of Washtenaw Counties; my road lay through the forest, following bridle-paths, or old trails, always on horseback, preaching on an average 250 sermons a year and traveling 3.000 miles. From the year 1838 to 1842, I held meetings each day in the year. The people thronged to hear the Word, and in many a log schoolhouse, or simple settler's cabin, precious seasons of revival and wondrous outpourings of God's power were manifested. Since the beginning of my ministry, I have baptized nearly UOO believers, married 210couj)les and attended 419 funerals. In 1838. we pm-chased a small place in Shelby, Macomb County, aud have resided in the county ever since. By means of farming aud other mechanical pursuits, and the small remuneration I received for my preaching (having never received a salary), we brought up om- children, and now, in 1882, remain an unbroken family circle. My wife and I celebrated om- " golden wedding " March 28. 1880, ou which occasion we were generously remembered by a host of kind friends. As an illustration of the difficulties we encountered in those early days, I relate the following incident: Having an appointment to till at Ridgeway, Lenawee County, while proceeding thither on horseback, I arrived at Ypsilanti and found that the high water, caused by a June freshet, had carried away the bridge over the Huron River; they had made a temporai'y bridge to accoinmodate foot passengers, by placing saw-horses at proper intervals, and placing a single plank from one to the other; on account of the high bank on one side of the river and the low land on the other, this frail bridge was in some places several feet from the water. I must cross this bridge with my pony, or fail to reach my appointment at the hour, as this was the direct roiite. My horse had walked logs when lying lengthwise over miry places, so I resolved to try her on the bridge. I dis- mounted, and removed the saddle and indisjsensable saddle-bags. A crowd came out to witness the strange spectacle. I started out on my strange journey, the pony following, nothing daunted by the unusual path, and we reached the shore in safety, amidst the cheers of the crowd. Thits by hard paths, and through manifold trials, God led the pio- neers of Michigan in all safety, imtil we who are left to tell the story of our simjile, la- borious life of trials and triumphs, see our children and childi'en's children inheriting a goodly land, and we look forward to "a better country, whose Builder and Maker is the Lord." ALFRED CARLTON, farmer. Section 1', P. O, Disco, was born August 21. IN-iC), iu Monroe County, N. Y. : is the son of Richard and Lucinda Whitney Carltou; his father was born December 2."). 1TS4. in Orange County, Yt., and was of English ancestry; his mother was born in the same county in ITSH, and was of French extraction; they removed to Macomb Cotuity, Mich., in October, 18H'2, and died, the former in 1862, the latter in 18()(i. Alfred Carlton's grandfather was born in Connecticut; his name was Richard Carlton and he married Ruth Baker, of Tolland, Vt. ; he served live years in the Revolu- tionary war under Gen. Washington: ho died at Brooldield, Vt., in 1824, and his wife followed him in 18H7. The gi'eatgrandfather"s name was also Richard Carlton; he was born in Vermont and married Hannah Hutchins, of the same State. Alfred Carlton was six years of age when his parents moved to Michigan: he was the youngest of a family of seven children, whose names and ages are as follows; William Carlton, born August 11, 181I-5: Aaron Carlton, August 9, 1815; John A. Carlton. August 22, 1817; Henry Carlton, November 21. ISIU; Eliza Carlton. June .">, 1821; Hannah Carlton. August 21. 1824; Al- fred P. Carlton, August 20. l!S2t'). When twenty-two years of age, Mr. C. purchased fifty acres of land in the township of ^Vashington, which he afterward sold and bought sixty-seven acres in another locality; ho now owns 120 acres of valuable land under culti- vation; he was married to Eliza A. Preston, daughter of Ira and Deborah Preston, Seji- tember Ifi, 1852; they have two children — Emma D. . born January 28, 18()2; EttaL., August HO. ISfiC). Mr. C. held the office of Drain Commissioner and belongs to the Masonic order: in politics he is a Republican. ELAM CHAPIN (deceased) was bom February IS, 1811. in Steuben pounty, N Y. ; was the son of Johnson and Phebe (Gaston) Chapin, respectively of Welsh and English descent; he came to this county in 1S82 and purchased ninety acres of land two years later; he afterward bought eighty-three acres of partially improved land, now owned by his widow; he married, for his first wife, Lavaucha S. Davis, born in Covington, Genesee (now Wyoming) Co., N. Y., November 24, 1818; her father, Calvin Davis, was born April 27. 17yH. in Worcester County, Mass; his wife, Sylvia (Beardsley) Davis, was born in Cherry Valley, Otsego Co., N. Y.. February lit, 1798; they were man-ied, January 21), 1815, and have one child — Andrew B.. born April 5, lS;-?9. He married, for his first wife, Josephine H. Rose; they had thi-ee children — Elam P.. Lavancha M. and Andrew B., Jr. His second wife was Alice Osborn; he was a sm-geon in the war of the rebellion, from October, 1802. to its close; was with Gen. Butler in his expedition up the James River. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity and is a Knight of the Red Cross; also is a member of the A. O. U. W. Mr. Chapin of this sketch was in the Toledo war and was a Demo- crat in politics: he died February 24. 18r)(i. ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUKTY. HASWELL H. CHUECH, P. O. Utica, fanner, on Section 2U, was born March 7, 1S21, in Jericho. Chittenden Co., Vt. ; is the son of Ezra and Lucinda (Mead) Church; his father was boru in March. ITU'J. in Chelsea. Vt., and died in August, ISSl; his mother was born in 171)7, in Underbill, Chittenden Co., Vt. .and died in January, 18'2ri. Mr. Church came to the township of Macomb, this county, in September, 1848, and, a few years after, pm'chased eighty acres of wild land on Section 4, which he afterward sold, and pm'chased forty acres on Section 1, in Shelby; this he also disposed of and bought eighty acres in Kay, selling again and buying his present homestead of 120 acres. He was married, January 5, 184S, to Maiy A. Davis, a native of Shelby Township, born January 5, 1828: they have had ten children, sis of whom are living, born as follows: Frank S.. December 28. 1848, in Shelby, mai-ried Millie H. Carter, January 11, 1870; Hattie M., March 4, IS')"), in Macomb, married Ai'thur E. Van Eps, October 28, 1881: Calvin D.. September 5, 1858: Libbie L.. January 7. 18r)2; Jennie L.. February H, 181)4; Florence V., July 15, 18Hr). The ionr last named were born in Shelby Township. Mr. Church is a man whose whole life has secui-ed the confidence of his townsmen wherever he has lived: he was School Director of Macomb several terms; has been Sheriff two entire and a fraction of a third term: has also served as Treasui-er of Shelby two yeai's. In politics, he is a Republican; is a member of the Masonic order and a Granger. Mrs. Chm-ch belongs to the M. E. Church, of Utica. JOHN CLARK, Utica, son of Thomas and Matilda (Wooley) Clark, born September 16, 18.J8, in Lincolnshire, England: removed with his parents when eighteen months old to- Detroit, Mich. ; removed from Detroit in the fall "of 18<)2, with his parents, to Saginaw County, Mich. : lived at a munber of places in the State until the sjaring of 18<')5, when he removed with his parents to Sterling Township, Macomb County, Mich. . where he has lived until the present date, February 20, 18S2: was educated at the common schools and followed the occupation of a farmer to the present time. SYLVESTER DARLING (deceased), was born June 2, 178."., in Oneida Coun- ty. N. Y. : he was married July 4, 1814, to Amy luman: she was born May 2(5, 1 i'.t<, in Greene County, N. Y. Mr. Darling came to this county in October, 1828, and jnir- chased eighty acres of land on Section 4, where his widow now resides; they had eleven children, six of whom are living; they were born as follows: Orpha, October 28, 1820: John, October. 1818; Mary, May 20, 1S22; Nathan, November 14, 1S28; Heniy, October 2U, 182(5: Clarissa. November 8, 1881; Martha Matilda, March 25, 1.S87: Francis Mar- ion, January 80, 1889; Abner, November 7, 1^114: Samuel, December 2^ 1815: Emily was born May 80, 1817, in Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y.: she was married to Elisha Went- worth, June 28, 188<); he was born August 4. 1812, and they live on the homestead with Mrs. Darling. Mi-. Darling was a soldier of 1812 and his widow draws a pension. JOSEPH EilERSON, P. O. Utica. son of Elemuel and Lydia (Emerson) Emerson, born December 10, 1S28, in Kennebec County. Me. : removed to Section 8, Macomb. Mi(5h., in June, bS4S; has lived in Macomb County until the present time; educated in the common schools of Maine in his younger days: worked in a brickyard, and at farming, and in running logs down the Kennebec. Penobscot. ^lerrimack and St. John's Rivers, and in the lumber business in Western Pennsylvania; since removing to Michigan, he has been engaged in farming and dealing in sheep, cattle, hogs and real estate, and is now dealing in r^al estate. He was married to Elizabeth Hanscom, of Monroe County. N. Y., daughter of Cyrus and Martha (Matthews) Hanscom. December 18, 18()8, in Utica, Mich.: their child's name is Kate Emerson, born October 80, 18()5. His ancestors came- from England about 100 years ago, and settled at Irish Hill, Me. JAMES N EAVELL. P. O. Utica. farmer, on Section 1 7. was born November 20. 1882. in Shelbv. Macomb County, where Le has resided all his life: is the son of Phi- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY lander and Lydia A. (Wells) Ewell. April 1, 1855, he located on the farm where he has since resided; he piu'chased 195 acres in LSiiO, and now owns 'iSO acres of choice land in an advanced state of improvement, with good buildings. Mr. Ewell was married, April 15. 1S55, to Elsie A.- Cannon; she was born in Day Township, Saratoga Co.. N. Y. ; her father was of Scotch lineage, her mother of Welsh parentage. Mr. and Mrs. Ewell have had five childi'en. as follows: Lydia M. , July 27, 1S5(), died October 7, 1N7H; Herbert t'.. January "i^i, lS(i"2; Ada M. , Avigust ;^1, lS(i5: George N. , September '.!•), 1,S71; Frankie, August 9, 1S76, died December 9, 1S7<). Mr. Ewell is a Democrat in politics, and has b^en Road Commissioner three terms. Both himself and wife are members of the Uni- versalist Church, of Rochester, Oakland Co., Mich. Mr. Ewell has been and still is an active, energetic man, and has l)eeu zealoiasly interested in the prosperity of the schools and educational interests of the township. When a boy, seated on a slab for a seat in the old log schoolhouse, where he obtained his early education, he hoped aud believed he should live to see a good school in a comfortable building. When the money was raised to build the present schoolhouse, pai'ties to take the contract were wanting, and Mr. Ewoll, in company with Mr. Wells, assumed the charge, and the result is one of the hnest and most substantial l>rick schoolhouses in the county. JESSE GILLETT, P. O. Washington, fruit farmer on Section 5, Shelby, was born December 10, 181(1, in Cairo, Greene Co., N. Y, ; is the son of Benjamin and Asenath (Grimes) Gillett; his father was of French descent, born June 27, 1755, and died Septem- ber 28, 18H8; his mother was of Engli.sh extraction, born October 22, 1789, and died No- vember H, 18t)4. Mr. Gilleit came to this county June 1, 18H/5, and purchased 120 acres of wild land — eighty on Section 21 and forty on Section 14; he afterward sold this and purchased the farm where he now lives, in July, 1S55. February 4, 18H8, he was mar- ried to Anna Mook, of Ohio; she died November 12, 1857; they had live childi-en — Maria, born March 5, 1839; Asenath K., December 2, 1844; Euella, March 10, 1850; Anna F., September 10, 1855; Benjamin, February 21, 1847, died August 80, 1.S50. Mr. Gillett was married, a second time, January 81, 1859, to Mrs. Elizabeth (Johnson) Hawley, born April 2(), 18;!4, in Wheatland, Monroe Co., N. Y. ; her parents were natives of New En- gland; they have two childi-en — Jesse, born July 1(), lS(i5, and Nellie M., October 80, 18()7. Mrs. Gillett' 8 first husband, Edgar J. Hawley, was born September 5, 1S2(), and died December •), 185(5; they were married, February 2(), 1851, and became the parents of three children, born as follows: Lucy A., March 11, 1858; Olive E., Sejjtember 12. 1854; Ellen J., December 8, 185(). Mr. Gillett is a Republican in politics and liberal in his religious views. ORRIN GOFF, aged seventy years, was born in Monroe County, N, Y., May 10, 1812: his parents, Roswell and Fanny Goflf. were natives of Connecticut, Mr. Goflf re- moved from Monroe County to Orleans County, N. Y., at the age of thirteen years; he re- sided there until 188(), then removed with his parents to Utica, Mich.; he was educated in the public schools of Monroe and Orleans Counties, N. Y. He was married, in November, 1887, to Sarah Eddy, aged twenty years, of Orleans County. N. Y.. daughter of Osmer and Hannah Eddy. Mr. Goff settled in November, 1887, at his present residence on Section 10. Shelby, where he has lived since that time; has had two children, one son, born December 80, 1840, and one daughter, born December 9, 184<); the daiighter died March 17, 18()1, at the age of foui-teen years and three months; her name was Amelia J. Gofi'; the son is now living on the old homestead; is Supervisor of the township and a very es- timable member of the County Board. Mr. Gofi", Sr., is a plownnaher by trade, which bus- iness he pm'sued until about 18()2, since which time he has been farming. When he located in Shelby, the nearest house was one mile distant; the surrounding country was a wilderness; game was plenty and wolves were everywhere; the nearest store or mill was ^^/f5 J-o-^^^^rz^^^..^-*^^- ^t HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. five and a half miles distant, and the whole neighborhood seemed as primitive as did this continent to its first Genoese discoverers. ALEXANDER GRANT, son of James and Cynthia (Larnardi Grant, was born at Y]isilanti, Mich., March 24, 1838; in 184U. he removed with his parents to Livonia, N. Y., where he received a common-school education; in 1855. he returned to Michigan, working in a store and teaching school at Birmingham, removing to Utica in 1858, where he has since resided. He maiTied Miss -Jidia P. Deshon, daughter of Albert and Julia Deshon, of Utica. natives of Moravia, N. Y., November 5, 1S()1 ; has two chikh-en. a son and a daugh- ter— James Alber. born November 22. 1802. and Mary E., July (>. 18li5. Mr. Grant's father was a native of East Bloomfield. N, Y, and his mother of Sin-ingfield, Mass.; his grandfather. Thomas Grant, emigrated from the North of L-eland at the close of the last centm-y. Mr. Grant held the office of Postmaster at Utica ft-om April. 187H, until 1881, being the longest time that any person held that position, at which time he resigned to accept the nomination to the Legislature, to which body he was elected November 2, 1881, by a majority of fifty-sis. being the first Republican ever elected in the district; has held the office of Justice of the Peace for eight years; has been a Trustee for the village of Utica for three years, is a member of the School Board and of the Macomb County Repub- lican Committee; he cast his fii'st vote for Aljraham Lincoln, and has since been unswerv- ing in his fealty to the Republican party and its principles; is a member of the Commit- tee of Municipal Corporati(3us. on Engrossment and Enrollment, of the special Committee on Appointment of the present Legislature. Mr. Grant enlisted in the Second Michigan Cavalry, Augirst, 18()1, and was elected Second Lieutenant, Company H. in which capacity he sei-ved until April, 1862, at which time he resigned; had two brothers, Weitman L. and Thomas L. ( deceased). W. L. was present at the captiu'e of Jeff Davis. WILLIAM GRIFFITH, P. O. Disco, son of Daniel Griffith, was born inOutario, C. W.. October lt>, 1815; his father. Daniel, was born in New York State, IdJO, and moved to Canada abon.t 181(t. not as a loyalist, as the British impressed him into service, and he desei-ted, seeking a home in his native State; in 1840. he left New York for Mich- igan, where his son William had been located since 188(); his mother was Lois, daughter of George McNiel, of Johnstown. Canada, where she was married to Daniel Griffith. William Griffith attended the common schools of Florida Township. Montgomery County, N. Y., until 1835, when he moved with his father to Ontario County, N. Y. The year following, he traveled west to Pontiac, and purchased forty acres in Orion Township, Sec- tion 31, Oakland County; he located four farms in Oakland, built four houses, planted four orchards and lived there for twenty-two years. In 185'.), he settled a part of the Van Dorn farm, moving to his present land, on Section 12, in LSCiO. He was married to Rachel C. Bardwell, of Ontario County. N. Y., in 1835; this lady died in Oakland County in 1853; in 1854, he man-ied Hannah B. Dewer, of Rose Township, Oakland County. He was married to Jane Kiles, of Macomb Towushi]). in 18ti(>; this lady died in November, 1878, and on July 5, 187U, he married Maria Sloat. of Pontiac. Mrs. Bardwell Griffith was the mother of six children, and Mrs. Kiles Griffith of three children, all living. Mr. G. is a member of Shelby Methodist Protestant Chm-ch. and is politically independent. His childi-en are Adelia. now residing at Greenville; Lucius, at Fairplain; Elizabeth resides at Greenville, Montcalm County; G. W. Griffith resides in Shelby; Philip is an extensive farmer on Section 14. of Shelby; James, a farmer at Greenville, Montcalm County, and Henry. Irving and Elmer, all residing in Shelby. George W. Griffith en- listed as recniit in the Twenty-second Michigan Infantry; Lucius enlisted in Twenty- second Michigan Infantry, and was mustered in with the command in 18()1, serving until the regiment was disbanded. 4.5 — frr*' HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. HOEL WOSTER HAINES (deceased), son of Uriah and Amy (Perkins) Haines, born March 11. 1831, in the town of Hnnter, Greene Co.. N. Y. ; removed, in the spring of 183(), to the town of Bruce, Macomb Co., Mich., with his parents, where he lived until March, 180."), when he removed to the town of Shelby, whore he lived until his death, May 18,1877: was educated in the common schools and at the academy in Romeo, Macomb County; married to Ancis Decker, daughter 6f Oliver and Mary Cheever Decker, June 17), 18()1; her parents were natives of Wheatland. Moni-oe Co., N. Y. ; Mr. H. taught school, when a young man, diiring the winter time, and worked on a farm during the sum- mer, until the year 18()<), after which time he pursued the occupation of farmer until his death; his ancestors came from Holland about the middle of the last centiuy and settled in Greene Couoty. N. Y. Mr. H. left a family of six children, whose names and birth are as follows: Mary Estella, born April 11, 18<):2; Laura Adelaide, November 2U, 1863: Edward Beecher, October 22, 18()r); Amy Elizabeth, November 18, 18()7; Willie Mahon, July 22, 1870, died November 17, 187(1: Hoel AVoster, March 4, 1872; Benjamin Chee- ver, January t), 187-"). JONATHAN W. HARRIS, Disco, Section 11, township of Shelby, was born Decem- ber 7. 1820, in Covington, Genesee Co., N. Y.; is the son of Jacob and Elizabeth Ozial Harris: his father was born April 10, 17U1, in New Paltz, Ulster Co., N. Y., and died .June 13, 18<)4; his mother was born January 1, 17U2, in Monroe County, Penn., and died November 27, 1872. They came to this State from Genesee County, N. Y., via Detroit, arriving at that village on the steamer Henry Clay, May 14, 1830; they put up at a private house owned by a Frenchman, where Mr. H. left his family and went after help to move them and his goods to a temporary abode near the 240 acres of wilderness on Section 3"), Washington Township, which he had located and purchased of the Govern- ment the year before, his fulfilled his part of the five year.s' contract, was to have a deed of ten acres of land from the above-named farmers, located on the four corners of Sections V(, 10, 15 and 16, where Disco now is, excepting one acre for sohoolhouse site reserved on the corner of Section If). The contract was fulfilled by all parties. The first term of school was attended by eighteen scholars and one to the academy; but the school increased so rapidly that in 1852 it required two assistant teachers — Dr. J. M. Chapman and Maria Febris assisted Mr. Keeler that year. Some time previous to this, John Keeler came into possession of a fortune, which was left him by a rich uncle who lived and died on one of the islands of Lake C'hamplain, he. John Keeler, was also ]iersuaded to go to help form the school; he left his farm in Washington in the fall of 1850, and built a dwelling-house for A, M. Keeler and a boarding-house for the accommodation of students of the academy; the latter is what is now used for the hotel; he also bought the faiTa owned by the above- named J. Noyes, upon which he still lives. From time to time, his means have been used to erect buildings in the jilace, five dwellings of which are now standing; also one store and the main part of the hotel named, besides an interest in the academy building. This fortune he freely used to benefit those about him", both in advancing the educational p)rivi- Afc HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. leges aud in striving to build u]i the little village that now is. They reared a family of five boys and two girls to manhood and womanhood; four sons aud oue daughter are still living. A. M. Keeler, the oldest, has spent a life in the school-room, as he is now over fifty years old and still follows teaching, being at present Principal of the Ai-mada Union School ; two sons, younger, are practicing law in the State of Iowa, and the young- est is on the old homestead at Disco, where the remaining daughter also resides. DANIEL P. KETCHAM, P. O. Rochester, was born in Brownsville, Jefferson Co., X. Y.. Mai-ch 30, 1811: came to Michigan and settled in Macomb County November "25, isrc^,: removed to Oakland County in ISdfi, where he still resides, ilr. K. enlisted in the Eighth Michigan Cavalry, November 24. lSf)2: served almost two years, when he was dis- chai-ged on account of disability, April 23, 1S()4; be was married to Catharine Woolson. born August lU. 1815, at Poughkeepsie. N. Y., Februaiy Ifi. 1830: they are the parents of nine children, thi-ee sons and six daughters. John Q. and Helen E. Ketcham are num- bered among the dead. Regai'diug the settlers, it must be said tl^at in 18()(), Oakland gained a good citizen while Macomb lost one. PAYNE K. LEECH, farmer. Section 31. P. O. Utica, was born January3i; 1809. in Bloomtield. Ontario Co.. N. Y. : is the son of Payne K. and Joanna (Clark) Leech; he came to this county in Octolier. 1839, and. with his brother, pm-chased a gi-ist and saw- mill, both in a somewhat dilapidated condition: they proceeded to repair and put them in good running order, and. in the spring of 1832, IMJf. L. purchased his brother's interest and continued in the business until September. 1836, when he purchased KU) acres of partially improved land, where he resides. He now owns 24(1 acres on Sections 30, 31 and 32, all under good cultivation and with fine buildings; he was married to Melinda Fuller, April 25, 1833; she was born April 30, 1811, in the State of New York; they had ten children, fom- of whom are living, as follows: Gordon C, born February 9, 1845; Francis J., December 4. 1847; Albert F., September 19, 1851: Martha T., November 3. 1853. Mrs. Leech died May 10, ]S(>0, and Mr. Leech was man-ied, December 2".l, ISfUl, to Sarah Gillette; she was born December U, 1.S29, in Lyme. New London Co.. Conn., and was a teacher in her native State and in Michigan some years. IVIr. Leech laid the first track on the Detroit & Utica Railroad, at Utica. about the year 1835; he was formerly a Whig in politics, but. on the organization of the Republican party, allied himself to it; has held the office of Supervisor four terms and was in the Legislature in the winter of 1845-4(i. Mrs. L. belongs to the Congregational Church of Utica. Mr. L. is engaged in the rearing of Devonshire cattle, iu addition to his agrieultiu-al interest. PETER D. LERICH. farmer. Section 29, P. O. Utica, was born in Warren County. N. J.. May 20, 1810; is the son of Isaac aud Elizabeth Daniels Lerich; the former was born in Bucks County, Peuu., of English lineage: the latter was of English and German descent, born in 1785, in Northampton County, Penn. Mr. L. came to this county May 19, 1835, and purchased 220 acres of partially improved land on the northeast quarter of Section 29, and afterward bought ll)0 acres on the northwest quarter of the same section: the aggregate constitutes his homestead; he owns also 130 acres on Sections 4 and 5, in Sterling; sixty-nine acres in Avon, Oakland County; twenty acres on Section Ifi, Shelby, and eighty acres in Reed Township, Will Coimty. 111., making iu all (u9 acres; his home- stead property is first-class land, under advanced improvements, with commodious aud substantial buildings. He was married, April 18, 1835, to Sarah F., daughter of Jo.seph Fishbaughand Margaret Oglethorpe Fishbaugh; her father was of Gennan parentage, her mother of English and Scotch descent; her gi-eat-grandf ather was Gen. James Oglethorpe, founder of Georgia: her grandparents v^ere among the first white settlers of Pennsylvania. where her great-grandmother was killed by the Indians, and her son, Mrs. Lerich's great- imcle, ^as captmred and kept by them thirteen years; the maternal grandfather of Mr. ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Lerich Daniels, was a soldier in tlie war of the Revolution; at its close, he had a con- siderable sum of Continental money, and went to New Jersey, where he purchased a large tract of laud and secured to himself and posterity a handsome property. Mr. and Mrs. L had ten children, six "of whom are living, boru as follows: Cleantha A., born Mav 1"), 1838; William F., March lo, 1840; Isaac N.. August 10, 1S42; Liberetta E., January 20, 184,"); Sarah J., July 27 1848; Lilian A., July H, 1854. Mr. L.'s father died in Septem- ber, 181fi, his mother September 4, 1835; the father of Mrs. L. died in September, 1817, her mother in the fall of 1845. The two surviving sons served with distinction in the war of the rebellion, Isaac rising by his own merits alone from the rank of private to that of Major, and. at the close of the war, was in command of his regiment: he married an excellent lady of San Antonio, Texas, where he still resides. Both of these soldiers were wounded and both confined for months in Libbj' Prison. Mr. L. is widely known as a man of sterling merit and enterprise; he is of unimpeachable integi'ity, never belonged to a secret society and never owned a gun or dog; he belonged to the old anti-slavery element, and was one of foiu* who first represented that issue in the towaship; the others were N. C Narambre-. Albert Fuller and Benjamin Lee; all are dead except Mr. L. ; he is a Re- liublican and lias been Road Commisr>ionei'. Mr. and Mrs. L. formerly belonged to the Methodist Ejuscojial Church, of Utica; the latter has been W. C. Templar for several terms and is still a strong advocate for the cause. HIRAM L. LINTZ, farmer, Section 8, P. O. Rochester, was born April 1). 1847, in Washington, Defiance Co., Ohio; he is the son of Benjamin and Rebecca (Dull) Lintz. both of German extraction. Mr. L. came to this township March 14, 18(58, and, in 1875, purchased sixty-six and two-thirds acres of land, subsequently increasing his lauded iirop- erty to 133 acres: he was man'ied, February 22, 1874. to Leora V.., daughter of Smith and Polina K'urtis) Davis; she was born February 24, 1850. in Brighton, Winnebago Co., Wis.; her father was born December 10, 1820, in the State of New York; he lived in this county about thirty years and died September 4, 1851); her mother, daughter of Jeremiah Curtis, was born Se|)tember 22, 1825; was married, February 22. 1848, and died October 15. 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Lintz have two children — Jessie, born September 12, 187(\ and Tressie, November 2, 1881. Mr. L is a Rejmblican in jiolitics. Mr. L. and wife are l>a]itists. JOEL W. MANLEY, P. O. Washington, was born February li), 1810, in Chittenden, Rutland Co., Vt. ; he is the son of Thomas and Mary B. (Jackson) Mauley: his parents were born in Massachusetts and came to Vermont in 1800, wliere they were married in 1802: his mother was a successful teacher; his father became Captain of the militia in 1812; was afterward a Magistrate and a member of the Assembly. Mr. M. of this sketch came to Michigan in 1834, took up Government land on Section 8, of Macomb Township, and at once entered upon the work of improving it for a home; he was married, November 2*), 1835, to Olive E. Martin, of Underhill, Chittenden Co., Vt., who died December 4, 183(). At the fall elections of 183(), Mr. M. was chosen County Sm-veyor and held the po- sition eight succe.ssive years; has also held the offices of School Inspector and Sujiervisor. Road Commissioner and Assessor until the office was abolished; was also a grand juror many terms of the Circuit Court. He was a second time married, to Julia Wilcox, of Shelby, April 13, 1840; she was born in Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y. , October 13, 1822; her j)arents, Elias and Nancy Wilcox, came to Michigan in 1825, and took up land on Section 3. of Shelby. Mr. Manley had five children — Olive Eliza wan born December 3. 1841, be- came a school-teacher and musical instructor, and was married, November 23, 18(')4, to Isaac N. Brabb, of Washington Township; Almon D., born August 4, 1844, became a skilled mechanic and inventor, and died September 10, 1878; M. Lucelia, born June 28. 184(), was married, December 16, 1868, to Levi Cannon, of Shelby; she has been a sue- #* HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. c.essful teacher aud an interesting and acceptable contributor to the local press; N. Ade- laide was born June 1'.), 1849, and died January 31, 1854; Florence A., Mrs. Leman H. Chapman, of Cannonsbiu'g, Kent County, married September 'I'Z, 1874, was born Decem- ber 3, 18r)4, and became a fine scholar and good musician. ]VIrs. M. was. in addition to her household responsibilities, an apiarist of some note for about thirty years, having at one time had the charge and managemeut of eighty-live colonies of bees. Mr. and Mrs. M. moved to the northeast quarter of Section 3. in the township of Shelby, in the spring of 184-"), where they now reside. Mr. M. is at this writing in his seventy-second year; he has been all his life a student of the Bible and actively interested in Sunday school and Bible instruction. ORESTES MILLERD. P. O. Rochester, born January U, ]8(t8. in Cayuga County, N. Y. ; settled in Michigan in May, l, 184tt, man-ied Sarah E. Bowers, May 13, 18r)4; Mary A., November 14. 1844: Isaac N., July 10, 1848, married Effie E. Brooks, July 4, 1871: Ann J., born February Vt, 1858, married Isaac Newton Gillespie, of Pavilion, N. Y., May 17, 1882. Mr. M. studied for the profession of law and practiced for a short time; he was a Democrat in early life, but became a Republican after the admission of Michigan as a State; he was Rei)resentative in the Legislatm-e in 1835-3<) aud 1837; he held the township offices of Supervisor, Justice of the Peace, Town and County Clerk, etc, ; lir^th himself and wife belong to the Baptist Church of Mt. Yernon. MILTON J. MONFORE, sou of Isaac and Mary D. (Curtis) Moufore, born in Shelby, Macomb County, Mich.. July ti. 1837. where he lived until the pi-eseut time; was educated at the common schools; has followed the occupation of farmer, and, during the last eight- een years, has dealt in agi'icultm'al implements; married, to Maria Black, of Detroit, De- cemljer 25, 1874. ALLEN S. PEARSALL. farmer, P. O. Disco, residing in the township of Shelby, was born Januai-y 10, 1818, in Sempronius, Cayuga Co.. N. Y. : he is the son of Henry and Phebe Summertou Pearsall: the formf-r died November 15, 1850, the latter May 13, 1837; both wei-e of English descent. Mr. P."s father located in Troy, Oakland Co., Mich., and piu-- chased 1<)0 acres of partly improved land, where he settled in 1832. Allen S. Pearsall was married, January 31. 1844, to Miss Lydia Ann Andi-ews, daughter of Hiram and Anna '"7l<» r~ "■* B > HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Andi-ews. a native of Hamilton. Madison Co.. N. Y.. bora December 25, 1824: they have one child — Helen M.. born September 2, 184"), and married Llewellyn Chapel, who was born August 13, 1840; they have one child — Carrie M.. born September 12, 1871. Mr. P. purchased his farm in Shelby in 1847. where he has since resided. Mrs. P. is a lady of favoraljle repute as a lecturer on temperance, woman's rights and Spiritualism; she and her husband are members of the Grange. DWIGHT E. PEARSALL, P. O. Disco, son of Ii-a S. Pearsalh native of Genesee County, N. Y., was born in Washington Townshij), January 15, 183 <; the parents were Ira S. Pearsall. born August 1. 1810, son of Henry Pearsall, and Celia (White) Pearsall. daughter of Mr. White, of Ohio, born September 1, 1817. Mi-. Pearsall. Sr., came to Washington at an early date, with his father's family, and here m?.rried Miss Wiite. Oc- tober lU, 1831): they were the parents of thi-ee childrea. viz., D. E. Pearsall. referred to above, residing on the homestead farm; Adelia W.. born April 10. 1831). married Morris Snook May U. 185U. now living at Jackson. Mich. : and Celia. born December 30. 1847, de- ceased. Dwighc E. Pearsall was raised and educated in Shelby: attended the Disco Academy until 1854, when he directed attention toward farming. In 1857. he entered on a Western journey and traveled through it for tliree years. He was married, in McDonald County, Mo.. May <>. 18(10. to Miss Mary S. Smith, daughter of John Smith, of Vermont, then a citizen of McDonald County: this lady died at the age of thirty-nine years. Novem- ber 22, 1879; to this marriage, three children were born — Ira S.. born May 22, 18(')1 ; Fannie E.. January 25. bS('i3. and Allen D.. March 3. 1872, the latter living at Jackson, Mich. The faiiu now owned by Mr. Pearsall. on Section 3. Shelby, contains 320 acres, 250 acres of which are cultivated, with good improvements. The water-course comprises two living streams. Together with the agricultural interest, Mr. Pearsall has devoted much attention to horses, cattle and sheep. He was engaged in mercantile business for several years, at Disco, the interest in which he sold to John Sweetzer, in 188(1. and re- turned to his farm. Politically, Mr. Pearsall is a Democrat. IRA PRESTON (deceased) was born March U. 17S5, in Wallingford. Conn. : was the son of Samuel Preston; he moved to Rush. Monroe Co., N. Y.. when a young man. He was married to Deborah Gofl", and lived there about fourteen years : she was born February 11, 17U3: in 182fi, he came to Michigan and jsurchased 320 acres of land, on Sections 1, 2 and 13, when he returned to New York; in 1827. he came back to the wilderness of Michigan, with his family, reaching Detroit the last of May: he brought with him his household furniture and a supjily of provisions and a cart; he jiurchased a yoke of oxen, made a rack for the cart, which he freighted with his possessions, and with his childi'en and a party of twenty friends and relatives set oiit for his anticipated home; at thfe end of two days, he arrived at the place of Elias Wilcox, on the north line of the township of Shelby, where his party spent the night and the following day underbrushed a road two miles through the woods to the location of Mr. Preston; they set about building a log house, and. in al^out a week, were settled in 2^ioneer life. The ring of the ax made their music by day and the howl of the wolves by night: their table was bountifully supplied with venison, and the neighboring Indians kept them from loneliness and monotony; in 1828, Mr. P. built a saw-mill, the irons for which he brought with him from New York, on what is called the Middle Branch, the only one for miles, and operated by himself and sons for forty-four years; in the course of fifteen years. Mr. P.'s farm was well improved, and he had completed all the buikling re<|uired, including two frame houses. The pio- neer's privation and endurance were ended, and the outlook of his remaining years was one of ease and comfort; in 1856, he distributed his real estate among his children, giving the homestead to his daughter. Mrs. Carlton, with whom he and his wife remained during the rest of their lives; he died August 20, 1872, aged eighty-seven years. Mrs. P. died January ^ H, LS*).'), aged seventy-two years; she was helpless twelve years, with palsy. Mr. P. could never be induced to ride on a railroad: he fii-st saw the ears and a locomotive at Mt. Clem- ens in 1S()8: his gratified surprise at the sight of them is most pleasantly remembered by bis children; it was indeed an event to a man who. for many years, had never been but a few miles fi-om home. While the Bay City road was being built, he was jsersuaded by his son. E. S. Preston, to go to a railroad picnic, near ITtjca. on the completion of the road to that place, and he rejoiced heartily in its construction through the town in which he had lived tifty-tive years. He died a few months after, leaving his seven children to mourn their irreparable loss. September 28, 1828, Emily, the eldest daughter, married Daniel Kniflin, who began pioneer life with her father; they settled two miles from ]VIi-. Preston in the woods. October 8. 1837. George W. Preston was married to Sally Goff, daughter of Russell Golf, a neighboring pioneer; he also went into the wilderness to make his life struggle. Ajiril 2(1, 1841, Riley S. Preston was married to Eliza Carlton, and occupied one of his father's houses several years; his wife died February 28, 1852. Minerva Preston was maiTied to John Carlton November 7, 1844, and settled about two miles fi-om home. Ira L. Preston was married to Cynthia Allen, October 14. 1847; purchased some land and settled about one-fourth of a mile from hjme. Eliza Ann Preston was mari-ied to Alfi-ed Carlton, September Ki. 18r)2. and located in Brooklyn, four miles distant. -Judge S. Preston, youngest son. was married, November 1, 18.")3, to Caroline A. Bartlett; he was born January l(^ 1831, and his wife was born December 7, 1834; they remained three years on the homestead in charge of the pioneer father and mother. J. LUMAN PRESTON, P. O. Disco, was born February 21. 182r), in Rush. Monroe Co., N. Y. : he was two j'eai's old when his parents came to this county, where he has since resided; he was in the saw-mill business twenty-one years and is now piu-suing agricult- ure: he owns ninety-five acres of land, with fifty-five under cultivation, and the remainder is choice timber. He married Cynthia Ann Allen, October 14, 1847; she was born June 18. 1820. in Ridgeway. Orleans Co.. N. Y. ; she died November la, 1873; they had four children, born as follows: Ella V., March 29. 18.")]. died September iS, 18r)4; Eli V., born July 21, 18r>r). married May Cooley. October 31.1877; Metta Y., born August ri. 18.")U, maiTied E. R. Wilcox, Angust 11, 1878; Jennie A., born January 2(), 18(U. Eli V. has two ehikh-en — Clara C, born August 14, 1878, and Zoe M., born Februai-y 15. 1882. Mettle V. has one daughter — Gertie M., born July 8. 1881. December 20, 1874. Mi-. Preston married Rachel C. Hough, a native of Bristol. Hartford Co., Conn., born June 8. 1840. ilr. Preston was married a second time. December 20, 1874, to Rachel E. Hough, of Bris- tol. Hartford Co., Conn. JUDGE S. PRESTON, P. O. Disco, farmer. Section 1, was born January 16. 1831. in Shelby; is the son of Ira L. aad Deborah (Goff) Preston (see sketch of Ira L. Preston), Judge S. Preston purchased eighty acres of land in 1854: it was partially improved and is now in a state of advanced cultivation, with fine buildings; he was married, November 1, 1853. to Caroline A. Bartlett, born December 7. 1834. in Gates. Monroe Co., N. Y. ; she came to Macomb County in October, 183U; they have five chihh-eu, as follows: Lynd B., November 18, 1855; Helen A., January 10, 1862; Charles E., July 16, 186)6; May A., May 5, 1871; John M., February 7, 1876. Mr. P. has held the position of Drain Com- missioner two years; held the office of Notaiy Public fom- years; has also been School Di rector. Moderator and held other township offices; he is a Democrat in politics and be- longs to Grange. No. 334, Disco. GEORGE SEAMAN, P. O. Disco, farmer. Section 5, was born September 4. 1821; in Saratoga County, N. Y.; he is the son of Doty and Lydia (Fish) Seaman; both parents were of English descent. Mr. S. came to this county in May, 1835, and purchased eighty acres of land in the township of Ray; in 1844. he sold out and went to Oakland Countv; HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. l^ fifteen years later, he purchased 240 acres on Section 35, in Ray, and on Section 2, in Ma- comb, which he sold, and located on 100 acres on Section 18, in Lenox; he again sold out and located 100 acres on Section ">, in Shelby, where he Jiow resides; his farm is under cultivation, well stocked and with good buildings. He was married, September ."), 1844, to Almira, daughter of Enoch Crawford; they have nine children, born as follows: Mary, July 14, 184-"), married Andrew Seeley, March 20, 1871; Robert, born August 2U, 1853; Lydia, August 28, 1855, mai-ried George Dunkley March 22, 1878; Phebe, June 14, 1857. married Virgil K. Dryer July 2, 1874; Charity A., March 18, 185U; Lovina, April 18, 1801; Josephine, May 13. 1803; Doty, March 28, 1865; John, October 17, 1807. Mr. S. is a Republican in politics. HIRAM SQUIER was born July 8, 1800, near Montreal, Canada, son of Nathaniel and Jemima (Dilno) Sqnier. the latter born in Vermont, the former in Connecticut, in 1752; his father came to this county in May, 1817, from Westminster. Canada, and, in partnership with John Cook, located 040 acres on Section 28, Shelby, where he resided until his death, in Febrnai'y. 1832: his mother died in 1811. Nathaniel Squier served in the war of the Revolution. Hiram Squier purchased 120 acres. Section 34, Shelby, in 1831. where he dwelt until September, 1881. He maiTied Mahala Moe, widow of Fowler, who died in February. 1810; he subsequently married Maria Harris, born at Toronto. Canada, March 20. 1810. Mr. Squiers attended the first town meeting held in Shelby in 1827; he attended the first English school in the county in 18 111, which was taught by Asa Hadsell; helped to raise the first mill at Stony Creek, and to build the first three homes in Shelby. He was a Democrat until 1840, when he accepted the platform of the Aboli- tionists. In 1850, he voted for John C. Fremont, and, in 1870. for the Prohibitionist candidates. Mr. and Mrs. Squier are members of the Methodist Church. He heard the first sermon preached in the township, in 1817, which was against intemperance. To this day. this old man is a Prohibitionist. DAVID SUMMERS, P. O. Utica. born in Warren County, N. J., in 1824; married Caroline Aldrich, October 2, 1850; they are the parents of thirteen children — Mary Alice, born in 1851; Ella F., in 1853; Jacob L. in 1855; Whipple G. in 1850; Victoria Jose- phine, in 1858; William _R. in 1800; Albert B., in 1802; Livingston L., in 1803; Evelena, in 1805; Riverdy, in 180< ; Margaret, in 180t); George F.. in 1873 and Clayton in 1878, all of whom are living, with the exception of George F. The head of the Summers family, John Summers, came from Germany in 1752, accompanied by his five sons, of whom the names Jacob and John are remembered; the former was a Judge of Records in Philadelphia, where he settled; the latter settled in Warren County, N. J., where he was Circuit Judge for over twenty j'ears. Jacob Summers, father of the subject of this sketch, was the youngest son of five born to Judge Jacob Summers and his wife. Mary Hiles; he settled in Shelby Township in 1831; was elected Supervisor in 1830; was chosen Representative and subsequently, was elected Senator for three terms in succession. Befoi'e the office of Associate Judge was abolished, he held the position while Judge Goodwin was Presiding Judge of the circuit. The pioneer of Shelby died July 25. 1803; his children are as fol- lows: Phebe. who married Samuel Axford, in 1830; Ann married Jacob Price; George died in 1877; Barbara died in 1801; Rebecca married Morgan Axford, and. for her sec- ond husband. Dr. V/illiam Beach, of Coldwater; David married Caroline Aldrich. October 3, 1850; the other children were John.. Margaret and William. As old residents of Shel- by, the members of this family are held in high esteem. GEORGE SWITZER. farmer. Section 20, P. O. Disco, was born August 15. 1811. in Bavaria. Germany; he came to America in 1837; the passage was one of long-continued storm and peril, lasting seventy-two days; their provisions failed and starvation was close upon them; he came from the State of New York, Erie County, to this country; to Ma- ^«^ « HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. comb County, Mich., in 18r)S, and purchased forty-seven acres on Section 7. which he afterward sold and piu'chased lU,") acres of first-class land, where he now resides; his farm is nearly all under a good state of cultivation, with tine buildings. He was married, No- vember 1, 1842, to Elizabeth Fisher, a native of Bavaria, born May 14, 18'2(); they have had twelve children, of whom nine are living ; their record is as follows ; Mary E. , born August 1"), 1844, married Charles Andi'ews, November 1, 1866; George, January 8, 1846, married Caroline George Januarv 27, 1867: John W., January 7, 1847; Fanny C. , June 10, 1848, married Perry Everett," October 11, 1868; Charles E., April 2H, 1850, married Mary Wal win; Hemy J. , December 2."), 1851, married Myrtie Smith; Abraham F., August 8, 185:-j; William F.. February 22, 1855, married Delia Dickens; Lucius E., August HO. 1856, married Matilda Burd; Perry R, , January ll,]S5y, died September 15, 1868; Elmer P., March 6, 1861, died November 20, 1861; Lydia Q,, November IH, 1862, died October 8, 186:1 Mr. S. is a Republican in political views, and has been elected School Assessor seven years; he is highly esteemed by his townsmen as an honorable and upright man and citizen. WILLIARD A. WALES, aged sixty-two years, was born in Covington, Genesee Co. , N. Y., December 7, 18111; son of Solomon and Urania Wales, natives of Vermont. AV. A. Wales married Amy Ann Chapman, April 10, 184H, daughter of John and Jane Chapman, born August 21, 1822, in the township of Livonia, Livingston County, N. Y. The children of this marriage were born as follows: William Wert, May 24, 1845; Heni-y Lee, July 18, 1849; Amos Emmet. June 3, 1852. died August 22, 1868; Earl Wright," December 13. 1853; Mary, September 1, 1856; Ellie May, November 29, 1864, died January 8, 1880. Mr. Wales removed to Shelljy, Macomb County, in May, 1828, with his parents, where he has resided since that time; was educated at the common schools and has pursued the oc- cupation of a farmer to the present date; has held the office of Supervisor for ten years; was elected a member of the Executive Committee of the State Grange for two years; wrote and circulated the first call for a Republican convention in the county, in 1854. Mr. W. recollects seeing the Chief Wadson when a boj', at which time Romeo was called the Indian Village, and bears and wolves were numerous; at that time, his mother spun and wove linen and flannel to clothe the family. ABEL WARREN, deceased, was born in Hampton, Washington County, State of New York, .iugust 8, 1789, where he grew to manhood; enlisted and served in the war of 1812; held the office of Sergeant; was seriously wounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Queenstown Heights; was paroled and retui-ued to his home, and was married to Sarah Hooker, of Poultney, Vt. , January 16, 1814, and, in 1816, moved to Covington, Genesee County, in his native State; in 1820. he came to Michigan and purchased eighty acres of land, near Pontiac, but subsequently sold it, and, in lS24, he moved with his family to Michigan and purchased an eighty-acre lot on Section 4, Shelby. Macomb County, where he lived and died; he was converted in Covington February 28, 1817, and joined the M. E. Church; held for a time the office of Class-leader, and subsequently, was licensed to exhort, which relation he held when he moved to Michigan: was licensed to preach at a (juarterly meetiug held in Detroit, in June, 1825; in 1880. he was ordained Deacon at a conference, held in Lancaster, Ohio, and subsequently, was ordained Elder; he was the first man licensed in the Territory of Michigan, and no doubt preached at more funerals and maiTied'more couples than any other one man in the county of Macomb, as when well, he was always ready at a moment's call for either, frequently leaving the haytield and going ten or fifteen miles to attend a funeral, and, as horses in those days were very scarce, not unfrequently making the Journey on foot. As a f)ioneer local preacher, he was abundant in labors, traveling on foot at times twenty-four miles on the Sabbath and preaching three times, and that after a hard week's work on the farm, and preaching as regularly as any stationed preacher, and spending most of the winters in special revival work, in Macomb, St. Clair and Oakland Counties, in which hundreds were converted, thus helping to lay the basis on which rests the magnificent, moral and social superstructure of this beautiful region of country. And in reference to him, the language of the wise man seems appro- priate— ''The memory of the just is blessed: for he is enshrined in the hearts of the peo- ple, and his memorj' will be cherished" while our present civilization lasts. AVith refer- ence to his character as a man and minister, I quote from his biographer: His chief en- dowment was strong common sense ; he had a quick perception and was a remarkably good judge of human nature, and could addiess men in public or private so as to reach their better natiu'es, without arousing their prejudices: his education was very limited, but his language was always chaste and quite correct, and. his manner very imjjressive; an Epis- cojial clergyman, after hearing him, said- "He has neither education nor eloquence, but something far better — the j)ower to convince and move men." He was genial and sym- pathetic, could weep with those that wept, or rejoice and smile with the cheerful and happy, and thus was a welcome guest, either at the wedding festival, at the sick-bed or funeral obsequies. He had nine children, four sons and five daughters: one son died in infancy, the rest living to maturity; two of the sons are in the ministry, and the other holds important official positions in the church, and one daughter is the wife of a promi- nent minister of the Michigan Conference. Elder Warren died September 5, 18()2, in the seventy-ftmrth year of his age; his wife smwived him eleven years, and died December ('), 1S73. Four only of the children are now living, the rest having passed with the par- ents to the home beyond. Many incidents, quite novel and of interest, might l)e given, of Elder Warren's early history in the county and Territory, but a few must suffice. At the conference held in the court house at Pontiac, twenty-two years ago, in the love feast, two or three of the old ministers claimed to have been the first there, but, after giving their dates, he said he was ahead of all of them; that, in 1S2(*, stopping in town for the night, he came out into the brush, just about where the court house stood, for secret prayer, and the wolves gathered around and commenced to liowl, and he held a prayer- meeting with them. One Salibath evening, while passing through the woods over an In- dian trail, he saw just ahead of him a huge bear. The animal seemed inclined to dispute the right of way; without apparent fear, the traveler picked up a stick, saying, "If you be good, I will, but otherwise we will try titles."' The bear stepped aside and the Elder piished forwanl on his journev. HARMON A. WELLS, P. O. Rochester, farmer. Section 7, was born April 19, 1827, in Steuben County, N, Y, ; is the son of Samuel D. and Lvdia (Parmenter) Wells; his father was born March 24, 17811, in Saratoga County, N. Y., and died August 12, 1883; he was of Welsh extraction and was a soldier of the war of 1812, Mr. Wells' mother was born August 2, 17U2, at Oakham, Mass., and died September 22, IS"),'); her lineage was English. The senior AVells came to this country in August,' 1829, and located on 24(* acres of land on Sections ti and 7, where he resided until his death. Mr. W. of this sketch piu-chased 14(1 acres of the old homestead, which he has placed under the best state of cultivation, and which is supplied with good dwellings-aud convenient accessoiy buildings. Mr, Wells married Roxelnna Cannon, a native of Day, Saratoga Co., N. Y. , born May 8, 1832. Seven children have been born to them, as follows: Mary A. Wells, born January 28, 1859; Frank D.. September 19. ISfi] : Alice M., September IT). 18()3; George S., De- cember 26, 18(>('.; Byron S.. May 23, 18()9; Emma M., May 28, 1S72; Lydia M., January 9, 187(i; Mary A. Wells died February 11. 1862. Mr. Wells is a Republican in politics, and has held the j)osition of Road Commissioner four terms. Mr. and Mrs. Wells hold tt) the principles of the Universalist Chirrch. HARVEY WILCOX, P. O. Washington, farmer, Section 2, was born August -J) \> 44 HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. 8, 1828, in Eusli, Monroe Co., N. Y. ; he is the sou of David, and Anna (Brainard) Wilcox, both parents descendants of the English: his father was Itorn October 1. 178U, in Connecticut, his mother October 22, 17U4. in Maine. Mr. D. Wilcox came to Michi- gan in May. 1831, and settled on the farm of 178 acres, now under good improvements and with commodious buildings, on which H. Wilcox now resides. H. Wilcox was mar- ried to Maria Hughes. April 7, 18"i2: she was born July 2(5, 1826, in Canada West; they have had three children, two of whom are now living — E. R., born July 2-"), IS.")", and Cxeorge L., August 18, 18(51. E. R was married to Metta N. Preston. August 11, 1878; she was born August ."), 1S.")'.I; they have an infant child, born July 8, 1881. Mrs. H. Wil- cox's father died June 16, 1871, at the age of eighty-one years eight months and fifteen days, and her mother July 7, 1876, at the age of eighty-ono years eight months and six- teen days. The former served nine months in the war of 1812. Mr. Wilcox of this sketch has held the office of Justice of the Peace for two yeai-s, and entered on his second term of four years; he is a Democrat in politics, and is Master of Grange. No. 403. JAMES WILLIAMS. P. O. Utica, Justice of the Peace and Deputy Town Clerk, Utica, was born November IT), 1807, in Essex County, Ontario: is the son of Thomas and Mary (Loomis) Williams; his father was born in 1760, in Maryland; he was a soldier of the war of 1812, and was with Mad Anthony Wayne in the Wabash and Miami Indian war. and also with Cien. Harrison at the building of Forts Dehance, Wayne and Meigs. Mr. Williams came to this covmty in 1832, and located at Mt. Clemens, where he did business as a tailor and dry goods merchant; he was engaged for a time in oil specula- tion, at Oil Springs, Ontario; in October, 1879, he came to Utica, where he now resides. He was married, in October, 1832, to Adelia Ann Cook: they had two children, one of whom. Mrs. Mary H. Wooley, is now living in Chicago. Mrs. Williams died in Febru- ary, 18-32, and Mr. Williams was married, in January, I8r)3, to Mrs. Mary A. Green; they have had three children, two of whom are living — Frank F., married Miss Hudson; Julia M., married James McGarvy. Mr. and Mrs. AMUiams belong to the Congregational Church of Utica. Mr. W. is a thoroughgkins. Collector and Constable; Erastus Day, Ezra Finch. Lure Hovey, Rho- minah Bancroft. Daniel Olverson, Levi Washburn and Mark ^Viuchell, Overseers of High- ways. The municipal officers elected since that time are named as follows: Supervisors — Gideon Gates, 1833-35; Isaac Thomp.son, 1835-37; Herman Parmalee, 1837-38; County Commissioners, 1838-43; Minot T. Lane, 1843-45; Hiram Sherman, 1845-50; Hugh Gray. 1850-51; George Chandler, 1851-53; Harvey Mellen. 1853-55; Joseph Avres, 1855-59; Hiram Sherman, 185U-60; Joseph Ayres, 1800-81; Harvey Mel- len, 1881-82. Clerks— Martin Buzzell. 1833; Henry Porter, 1834: James Bushnell. 1835-36; Gid- eon Gates, 1837-38; Cornelius Everts. 1839; Colatinus Day, 1840-41; Oliver Canfield, 1842-44; Joseph A. C. Leech, 1845-46; Ebenezer French, 1847-48; Watson Loud. 1849; Oliver Canlield, 1850; Watson Loud, 1851-52; Jose])h Ayres, 1853; Dexter Mussey. 1854; Martin Buzzell. 1855; William A. Frazier, 1856-60; Levant C. Mclntyre, 1861-63; Sam- uel A. Reade. 1864; Charles Jones, 1865; William A. Frazier. 1866-68; George D. Muz- zey, 1869-71; Henry P. Piper, 1872-73; Charles N. Coe, 1874-82. Troasurers-Asahel Bailey, 1833-36; John W. Day, 1835-36; Jeremiah Miller, 1837-38; Hiram Hopkins, 1839; Cornelius Everts, lS4b; James Starkweather, 1841; Hemy Howm-th, 1.S42; Martin T. Southwell. 1843; Samuel H. Ewell. 1844; Jeremiah B. Ayres, 1845-4S: Nathan Palmer. 1849; Lewis D. Owen. 1850-52; William B. Sutton, 1853-56; Martin Buzzell, 1857; William B. Sutton, 1858-64; Almagi-o Pai-melee, 1865-(m; Robert Turner. 1872-74; George D. Muzzey, 1875-77; Jed Predmore, 1878-79; Ejthraim Van Burger. 1S80-82. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Justices of the Peace — Gideon Gates, 1831); William Allen, 1N:^(}; William Cooley, liS3H; Denis Scranton, 183(3: Ezra Standisli, 1887: Hem-y Porter, 1.S37: Martin Buzzell, 1837: Hiram Sherman, 1838; Jesse Bishop, 183S; Rufus Prentiss. ISMS; Hiram Sherman, 1839: Azariah Prentiss, 1S40; Jesse Bishop, 1841; Gideon Gates, 1S4"J; Hiram Sherman, 1843; Martin F. Southwell. 1844; Dexter Mussey, 1845: Jesse Bishop, 1845; Gideon Gates, lS4(i; Hiram Sherman, 1847: Dexter Mussey, 1848: Jesse Bishop, 1849; George Chandler, 1850; Gideon Gates, 1851; Stephen H. Fitch, 185'.^: Dexter Mussey, 1853; Robert McKav, 1.S54: Asa B. Avres, 1855: Joseph P. Foster, 18o(): Dexter Mussey. 1857; Robert McKay, 1S5S: A. B. Ayres, 1859; Joseph P. Foster, ISliO, Robert Hamilton, 18 TRUNK E.\ILROAD OK MKIIIOAN. A resolution was adopted, at a meeting of tax-payers held February 12, 18(58, grant- ing a loan of $33,000 to aid in the construction of the Grand Trank Railroad of Michigan. The vote stood 201 in favor of the loan, and 2(( dissenting. MICHIGAN AIR-LINE RAILROAD. On June 9, 1869, a meeting of tax-payers was held at Romeo, when 239 votes were recorded in favor of a loan of .125,000, and 8(3 votes against such loan. .SCHOOLS. In this township there are six district and five fractional district schools. The Direct- ors for the year 1881-82 comprise Irving D. Hauscom, H. B. Cornell, Lawrence Hosner, Enoch Wilson, John C. Thompson. Lucius Parmelee. M. D. Closson, Oscar C. Wood, Charles Schanck, Carey Eldred and John Smith, Jr. The number of children of school age in these districts is 831, of which number 544 belong to No. 1 School. There are thirteen frame school buildings, valued at $13,(500. The amount paid teachers for the year ending September, 1881, was $5,225, while the aggregate expenditure was $8,922. The corps of teachers comprised four males and twenty three females. THE SCOTCH SETTLEMENT. In the year 1830 or 1831, the portion of the township known as the " Scotch Settle- ment " began to be occuj)ied. One or two families — Crawford and Wylie, also David Tayloi? — were there previously. Dr. Neil Gray and his brother Hugh came to Romeo, and. acting on the advice of Jesse Bishoj), located the tract since known as the Gray farm. The relatives of the Grays came over fi'om the country of Robert Burns and settled near the Gray farm. The Resides. Reids, Hopkinses, Muirs, Wassons, Hamiltons, Borlans, Stephenses and many others soon followed. Josiah T. Sanborn, one of the iu'st settlers of Bruce, still resides in the northeast part of the township. nOUNTY FOR WOLF SCALPS. At the jseriod of organization, the northern and eastern sections of the township were S|)arsel y settled, and were infested with wolves and other forest animals. Sheep and hogs could not be kept at all, unless closely watched by day and safely secured by night. The State oflered a bounty of i^S for the destruction of each wolf, and the county added to this the sum of $8, in order to stimulate our hunters to greater exertion. The various town- ships offered bounties of from $3 to $5 for each wolf scalp brought to the Town Treasiu-er. In times past, the treasvu'y of Washington suffered from the action of a man who pro- duced a whole litter of wolves, in the most helpless state ox infancy. Bruce made it a rule to provide against such an outlay by ordaining that the bounty of 13 should not be paid to wolf -slayers who could not produce the scalp of a wolf which was not able to stand and walk alone. A bounty for wolf scalps was offered in this township, as well there might be, for, in the summer of 1836, sheejj were killed by wolves within twenty-five rods of where ]\Ir. Wilkinson now resides, and the boys killed coons in those days in a cornfield, within forty rods of the present residence of Isaac Brabb. The principal natiu'al cm-iosities of Bruce are the miniatiu'e lakes, of which there are four or five. The largest of them is called " Cusic Lake," and is located al)out three miles west of Romeo. It contains about twenty-five acres, and is always full of clear water. The next in size is Hall's Pond, which covers about ten acres. Cusick Lake is on the line between Washington and Bruce Townships, and gives promise of being a most pojiular re- sort before many years. The township is watered by the North Branch of the Clinton River and Leslie's Creek. There are some saw-mills and other industrial institutions situated on these streams. STATISTICAL. In 1850, the township contained ]3r( farms, containing 11.851) acres of improved land, with l),ll!8 acres of wood and other unimproved land, the cash value of which was esti- mated at |3iy,330. In live stock, it exceeded any township in the county, as indeed it did ia the above enumerations. Of horses there were 230 (only one ass, and no mules); milch cows, 4S(); working oxen, '21ir, other cattle, 038; sheep, o.fiS'i; swine, T'JU; total value of live stock, $44,520 ; wheat, 34,98(1 bushels; rye, 430 bushels; Indian corn, 20,1)95 bushels; oats, 1(3,024 bushels; barley, 052 bushels; buckwheat, 2,141 bushels; potatoes, 2,231 bushels; w ol, 10,270 pounds. Value of oi-chard products, |99(;. Dairy produce: Butter, 23, 115 pounds; cheese, 9,2()5 pounds; maple sugar, 2,255 pounds. Contrasted with the statistical showing of 1874, it makes the following comparison: Number of farms, 205; acres improved, 16,30()|; wood and other unimproved land, 7,()75; total cash value of same, §1,228,970. In live stock, the following figures are given: Horses, 714; mules and asses, 6; milch cows, 514; working oxen, 10; other cattle, 595; sheep, 10,523: swine, 579; total value of live stock, $145,834. Wheat, 50,0)00 bushels; rye, 40 bushels; Indian corn, 33,803 bushels; oats, 48,450 bushels; barley, 8,405 bushels; buckwheat. 850 bushels; potatoes, 10,747 bushels; wool, 57,790 jiounds. Dairy produce: Butter, 48,815 pounds; cheese, 1,048 pounds. Maple sugar, 345 pounds. Value of orchard jjroduce, $11,72(). Pork marketed, 90,(^07 pounds. The statistics for 1880-81 show a still more remarkable advance. The jjopulation of the township in 1850, including that portion of Romeo north of Main street, was 1.555; in 1873. the number increased to 2.045: and in INSO, to 2,112. THE LOSS OF TlIK RFSIDE CHILD. In the sjsring of 183(). or about that time, John Reside, a Scotchman, living in the northern portion of Bruce, was engaged in sugar-making in the woods, and in the after- j^9 HISTORY OF MACOMB COU>TY. noon of one day, his little daughter, Jane, about five years of age, who had spent the after- noon with her father, started to go home alone, and became lost in the woods. The mother, supposing the child to be with her father, felt no alarm, and the father knew not of her loss till his return late in the evening. Search was soon made, and neighbors flocked in to give such aid and sympathy as they could, but, owing to the darkness in the timber, the search was unsuccessful. The weather was (| uite cold, and a storm threatening. The men, however, kept in the woods, and, by lights and incessant shouting, kept the beasts away. In the morning, Luke Fisher came with a dog, which was allowed to smell a stocking worn by the child. The dog soon traced the way the girl had gone, and, followed by his master, soon came upon her. She had become completely exhausted and overcome by the cold, and had fallen on her face upon the ground. Her uncle, a doctor, was at hand, and she was restored to life and brought home. Her hands were frozen, and the complete use of them never fully re- tiu-ned. She still dimly remembers the scenes of that terrible night, and never forgets that she owes her life to the sagacity of a faithful dog. PKK.SONAL HISTORY. In the personal history of Bruce are given brief biogi-aphical notices of prominent citi- zens and old settlers of the town. They will prove as instructive and interesting as the legitimate history of the district, since they form the history of those who raised it to its present prosperous condition. RUSSELL BATES, P. O. Romeo, was born May 30, 1840, in Chestertield, Macomb Co., Mich. He is the son of Russell and Elsie Bates, natives of the State of New York. His father died June 3, 1842; his mother died December 10, 1881, aged sixty-seven years. Mr. Bates has been a farmer all his business life, except six years when he was engaged in trade at Romeo. In 1875, he settled on the fai-m where he now lives, including the 100 acres of fine land on Section 31, well stocked and supplied with a good home and suitable buildings. He was married. March 23, 1801, to Fidelia H. . daughter of James and Fanny Hosner, of Bruce. She was born January 15, 1838, in Bruce. They have had two chil- dren— La Fayette H.. born March 17, 1866; and Alice, April 17, 1873, died September 25. 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Bates are members of the Free-Will Baptist Chm-ch of Bruce. Mr. Bates is an active member of the Republican party. GILBERT S. BISHOP, P. O. Almont, was bom July 30, 1841, in the township of Brace, Macomb Co. , Mich. He was the sou of Truman and Mary Bishop. Truman was born in 1806, Livingston County, township of Richmond; died in the township of Bruce, Macomb Co., Mich., in July, 1850. His wife, Mary, was born in Richmond, Livingston Co., N. Y., in August, 1811. She died in Bruce in September, 1850. They came to Michigan about the year 1837 and settled in Macomb; the same year, bought the farm on which the subject of this sketch now lives, which now consists of 200 acres of choice land, with good dwelling and outbuildings, on Section 5. September 24, 1S02, Mr. Bishop married Angeline Patch. She was the daughter of Anson B. and Ann L. Jewell Patch; wife was born June 4, 1842, in the township of Ray. Macomb Co., Mich; her fa- ther was bom in Massachusetts in 1814; mother, born in New York in the same year: died in Oakland County, Mich., in 1846. Mr. and Mrs. Bishop have had live childi-en, as follows: Frank L., born January 27, 1864; Mary A., born September 10, 1865; Flor- ence L..' August 25, 1867. died May 4. 1875; Jennie M., born November 22, 1S7<»; Emma C, born August 30, 1880. They are members of the First Congregational Church of Al- mont. Politically, he is a Republican. THOMAS BORLAND, of the township of Almont, Lapeer County, was born in Cragie Parish, Ayrshire, Scotland. Octolser 15, 1826. His father. Thomas, was a farmer in that 46 country, and died there. Soon after coming of age, Thomas, Jr., having received an edu- cation in the schools of his native ])arish, took, in accordance with the custom of that country, UOd acres of the estate of the Duke of Argyle. This was a farm ada})ted to the dairy and grazing business. A\'hile moving from the old home to this new one, the drove of cattle, consisting of sixty head, became scattered, and one cow was lost, and was taken up by a farmer and secured in his barn. She was soon recovered, and. soon after reaching the faim, was seized with the disease, pleiu'o-jmeiunonia, and soon died. The disease soon spread through the herd, and forty head were saeriiiced to the disease, many of them worth $75 to$l(K) each. The loss extended into the second year, and the income of both years became a total loss. This so aft'ected his calculations that he could not re- cover, and so conceived the idea of coming to America. Taking the benefit of a small patrimony of Mrs. Borland, they took passage, and arrived in Macomb County May It, 1853, with good health and very little means. On leaving the old country, his chamber- lain gave bin; a letter highly complimentary to his character and management, which was an uncommon thing for a landlord to do. Spending a couple of years as laborer on the farm of John Taylor, of Bruce, he bought forty acres of land in Armada, which he kept foiu- years. This he sold, and spent a year on a farm near Almont, and then bought eighty acres in Bruce, on Section 8, which he kept live years, and sold at an advance of $'2,(HH). He then bought a farm on the county line, in Lapeer County, of I'iO acres, adding afterward 230 acres. He has erected tine buildings on this farm, and is out of debt, and prosperous — showing that industry and perseverance are svu'e to be rewarded. He was maiTied, in 1848, in Scotland, to Janet AVilsou, who was born January 13. 1S27. She was a daughter of David Wilson, fanner, of Haining Mains, Ayrshire, Scotland. Of this marriage there were live boys, three of whom sui-vive — David W., born May 11, 1850, married and living on the homestead; Thomas J., born July 0, 18(34; James W., born December 1, 1866; also two sons who died in childhood. He has always taken an active interest in the various political questions of the day, and has always been a Republican, voting lii-st for Lincoln in 1860. Ml', and Mrs. Borland are members of the United Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Borland is an Elder. ALEXANDER BRAID WOOD, farmer, of Bruce Township, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, in January, 1818. In Scotland he was a clerk in a grocery store, and also clerk in a ship-building yard in the city of Troon. In the year 1842, in company with two brothers, emigrated to America and located on the north line of the county in Bruce Town- ship, Section 2, in the Scotch settlement, and has since resided there; was married, in 1847, to Mary Milliken, daughter of John Milliken, of Scotland; she was born in Ayrshire March 17, 1828 ; they have had ten chikh'en, fom' of whom are married and set- tled in Lapeer County, and six still at the homestead. Mr. Braidwood has been a suc- cessful farm(>r and breeder of fine cattle, having 330 acres of fertile land, with good build- ings and otlicr things necessary to a profitable business. In politics, he is a Democrat. CHESTER D. COOLEY was born Sei^tember 15, 1845, in Bruce, Macomb Co., Mich. ; is son of Chester and Jane Kisor Cooley (see sketch of Chester Cooley), of Romeo. Mr. Cooley was married, June 22, 1873, to Hannah M., daughter of Aaron and Rhoda S. Cole Ingalsbe, of Ray, Macomb Co., Mich., natives of New York; the former was born Sep- tember 26, 1823, in Camless, Onondaga Co., N. Y., and died August 16, 1877; the latter was born August 28, 1829, in Jerusalem, Yates Co., N Y.,and is still living. Mrs. Cooley was born August 11, 1851, in Lenox, Macomb Co., Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Cooley have one child. William M., born July 28. 1875, in Bruce, Macomb County They reside on Sec- tion 21, Bruce Township. Mr. Cooley is a member of the Masonic Lodge, No. 41, of Ro- meo, and is ])olitically a Republican. Mrs. Cooley is a member of the Patrons of Hus- bandry. ^T S. B. COOLEY W!is born in Bruce Township, Macomb County, July 1, 1S33. His father. Benjamin Cooley, referred to in these pages, came to Michigan in October. 1832. Here Mr. Cooley was educated and at the Romeo Academy. In 1855, he left for Minnesota, where he located 155 acres, near Mantorville, and remained thirteen months: returning, he bought the Willett farm, on Sections lU and 20. May 4. 1864, he entered on his West- ern trip to the gold mines, reaching the Montana mines June 1. 1865, he, with his party, wintering at Salt Lake City, where he disposed of a §2,000 stock of boots and shoes, piu-- ohased at Chicago, in company with his brother-in-law, Mr. George Schenck He returned to Macomb County in June. 1866. and resumed farming. In 1870, he inherited the homestead farm, consisting of 280 acres, on Sections 17 and 18, Bruce, which he has con- ducted since that time. This landed projjerty in Macomb is 640 acres, of which 400 acres are under cultivation. Recently, he has built farm laborers" houses, or tenant houses. His stock consists of 375 sheep, eighty hogs, twenty-two horses and mules. Mr. S. B. Cooley is a member of the Blue Lodge. F. & A. M., of Almont. and of the Romeo Com- mandery and Chapter; is a charter member of Romeo Grange, and member of the Pomona Grange. Mrs. Clarissa Wood Cooley, a native of Oneida County, N. Y. , born in 1814, came to Michigan with her husband, Benjamin Cooley. SAMUEL G. COOLEY. P. O. Almont, was borii September 20, 1853, in the township of Bnice, Macomb Co. . JMjoh. He was the son of Samuel and IMaretta Cooley. His fa- ther was born in Pittsbteg^ Vt., March 7, 1804; died November 0. 1872, in the township of Bruce. His father came to Michigan in 1832, and first settled in Washington. Macomb County; left Washington in 1840 and settled in Bruce, on ]67i acres of land on Section 6; on this he lived until his death. Samuel Cooley, father of this sketch, was married, November 15, 1850, to Maretta Wood; they had one child. Samuel G., born September 20, 1853; his mother was born in Boonville, Oneida Co.. N. Y., March 211, 1808. On the death of his father. Samuel G. came into possession of the homestead. December 10, 1872, he was married to Ada Bell Lane, of Dryden, Lapeer Co,, Mich. His wife was born July 26, 1858. She was the daughter of Charles and Elmina Lane. They have three children — Saumel M., born August 28, 1874; Maretta May, born September 30, 18/6; Charley Elwin, born December 28, 1880. They have on their homestead 120 acres of choice land, with good dwelling house and outbuildings. Politically, he is an Independ- ent. Chai-les Lane, Sr., was born in the year 1793, in the town of Queensbiu-y, Wairen Co., N. Y. He moved to Michigan and died in 1856. Charles Lane, son of the senior, was also born in Warren County, in 1814. and died May 20, 1882, in Dryden, Mich., aged sixty-seven years and seven months. When he was twenty-three years old, he came to Michigan, and finally settled in Lapeer County. At the age of twenty-eight or twenty- nine, he married Elmina Gould, who was born in New York State in 1828, and, with her parents, moved to Michigan at the age of nine years. At the age of eighteen, she was married to Mr. Lane. Ada Bell Lane was born iii the year 1858, in Lapeer County, town of Dryden, Mich. At the age of foiu-teen, she maiTied Samuel G. Cooley. WILLIAM COOLEY was born June 26, 1808. in Pittsford, Rutland Co.^Vt.; is son of Samuel and Polly Dike Cooley. The former was born November 14, 1(75. in Pitts- ford, Vt., and died in Bruce, Micli., Februai-y 2, 1843; the latter was born in Chittenden, Rutland Co., Vt., August 4, 1781, and died September 10, 1838, in Bruce. Samuel Cooley left Vermont in 1816, and engaged in farming in Cambria, Niagara Co., N. Y., and in 1832 settled in Bruce, Mich. Mr. Cooley. of this sketch, was employed as a carder and cloth-di-esser in Niagai'a County, N. Y. In 1832, he came to Michigan and purchased 120 acres of land in Bruce, returning to New York in the fall of that year, intending to re- main. He was persuaded to come back with his father, to whom he sold his land and bought eighty acres more, on which he has since pursued the vocation of a farmer. He ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. has been the owner of several farms and a considerable amount of timber land. He was married, January 1, 1S3.J. to Lucretia Hiudz, of Cambria, N, Y., a native of Vermont. She was born February 22, 1812. They have one child, James H., born October 18, 183"), and died September 5, 1837. Mrs, Cooley died June 23, 1836, in Bruce. Mr. Cooley was married, January 2'.), 1840, to Henrietta L., daughter of Charles and Diadamia Scran- ton Crippen, of Washington, Macomb County. She was l:)orn March 1, 1821, in Coving- ton, Genesee Co., N. Y. They have one child, Charles D., born January 13, 1842, in Bruce, Mrs. Cooley belongs to the Free Baptist Church of Bruce. Mr. Cooley is a mem- ber of the orders of Masonry and Odd Fellows. In politics, he is a Democrat. His farm includes 160 acres of land, well improved with a substantial frame house and accessory buildings. AARON CORNELL, P. O. Romeo, born May 1, 1822, in Elmira, N. Y., was son of Richardson and Anna M. (Moshcr) Cornell, both parents natives of New York, father born May 9, 17U1, died in 1878, in Wisconsin; mother born June 8, 17U6: she died March, 1834 This old couple were married May 26, 1814: They had the following children: Aletta K,, born April 25, 1817; Dorcas. born September 7, 181U; Aaron, born Mayl, 1822; Hannah W.. born September 5, 1824; William D., born April 1, 182',), The subject of this sketch was married to Elizabeth Lefever Septemlser U, 1844; from this marriage, had two childi'en — Hartmon R, and Allace Josephine, both of whom are now living; wife died September 4. 1870. Mr. Cornell married for his second wife Lucy Streeter August 22, 1871; she died March 14, 1880. January 12, 1882, Mr. Cornell married, for his third wife, Elizabeth Ann Sanford, widow of George Sauford, of Flint, Mich.; she was born July 28, 1830; she was a daughter of Denis and Delia (Palmer) Scranton. The subject of this sketch is a farmer, and came to Michigan aad to the town of Bruce in April, 18G7; the same year of his arrival in Michigan, boiight his present homestead, which consists of 145 acres of choice land on Section 14, with large, commodious dwelling house and good barns; farm is on gravel road leading to Almont, four miles north of Romeo. Mr. and Mrs, Cornell are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church; politically, he is a Repub- lican, ALBERT EDGETT, (deceased), born February 3, 1805, in Gorham, New York, was the son of Peter and Rhoda (Finch) Edgett. Peter, his father, was born in En- gland in 1770; he died in Bruce, Macomb Co., Mich., in the yeai- 1832; his son died March 16, 1876, in Bruce, Macomb Co.. Mich. His mother was Holland Dutch, and they were married in the State of New York, Schoharie County. Albert Edgett came to Mich- igan in 1827 and settled on what is now Bruce, on Section 36, where he bought eighty acres of land, where the family have since lived. January 1, 1828, Albert mai'ried Lucy Adams; wife born in Langdon, Cheshire Co., N. H. , April 22, 1807; she was the daugh- ter of John and Susan (Morse) Adams. From this marriage they have seven children — Cleora, born March U, 1821), now the wife of Samuel Babcox, of Orford, Mich; Phcebe Paulina, born February 21, 1831; Harriet L., born December 13, 1832; Maryett, born October 25, 1834; Jul iett, born March 20, 1837; Martha Jane, born June 25, 1831); Albert, born August 21, 1841. The daughter Martha is now the wife of Levi W. Cole, of Bruce; they were man'ied November 7, 1878. Mr. Cole now lives on the homestead of his wife's father. Mr. Cole was born September 22, 1846, in Biu-ford. Brant Co., Province of On- tario, Canada; was son of Nicholas and Anna (Richort) Cole. Mr. Cole is a Republican. LEONARD ELDRED, P. O. Romeo, was born July 3, 1818. in Crafttown, Otsego Co., N. Y. ; is son of Thomas and Phcebe (Myers) Eldred; the former was born in June, 17U4; the latter. April 5, 1800. They had nine childi'on — Nathan, Leonard, Olive, Ansel, Thomas, Margaret, Betsey, James and Hiram; moved to Clarence, Erie Co.. N. Y. . and afterward to Michigan, in 1836, and located on eighty acres of land in Bruce, which he iiL^ purchased of the Government, and whei-e he resided till his death. September 17, 1857; his wife died November 17. 187(1. Mr. Eldred came to Michigan with his parents. He is a carpenter by trade, which he pvu-saed about ten years. He was married to Emily, daughter of I. W. S. and Permelia (Stranahan) Collins. February 18, 1844; she was born in Aurora, Erie Co.. N. Y.. February 12. 1824; her father was born December 21. 1791; was son of Levi and Nabby (Stanton) Collins, who were the parents of ten children; the father died April 10, 1837; the mother died September 18, 1831. Permelia Stranahan was daughter of John and Annie (Crego) Stranahan, natives of New York, who came to Michigan in 1836 and settled in Bruce. I. W. S. Collins came to Michigan in 1832, with his wife and eight children; three were afterwai'd born to them; their names were Seymour, Hamet. Cornelia, Julia, Emily, Cyrenus, Jackson. Lafayette, Annie, Ruth and James. Of these. Seymour. Julia. Jackson and Annie are dead. Mr. Collins died September 7. 1855; his wife died February 25. 1877. Mr. and Mrs. Eldred have thi-ee children — Permelia A., born April 24, 1845; mamed to James Hosner in November, 1862: they have had three children — Emma. Eva (deceased) and Clare; Peter P., born October 1(1. 1846, married, January 1. 1876, to Annie, daughter of Andi-ew and Catherine (Falkner) Nickerson; they have one child, Fred C, born September S, 1877; Cary J. Eldred was born September 18. 1848; was mairied, in July, 1870, to Emma, daughter of James and Fanny (Spencer) Hosner; they had two childi-en — Fanny L. and Carrie E. ; Mrs. Eldred died in September, 1876; her husband was married, in November, 1877, to Emma, daughter of Edmund and Mary Gould; they have one daughter, Florry, born April 18, 1880. Mr. Eldred, lives on his homestead of 150 acres on Section 33, where he located December 25, 1872. His son Peter owns a farm of upward of one hundred acres on Sec- tion 28, the original possession of Leonard Eldred. CORNELIUS EVERETT, son of Elihu Everett, a native of Connecticut, was born in Washington County, N. Y. . December 27. 1800. His mother. Betsey Derl)y. a native of the same place, died in Washington. The father died in 18()0, in Cattaraugus County, N. Y. Mr. Everett was a teacher in the public schools of Western New York several years, and removed to Macomb County in the fall of 1833, and taught school the first sea- son of his stay. In the spring of 1834, he bought a lot of land on Section 14 of Bruce Township, and made it his fu'st home. In the year 1855, he added the Fisher farm, which was situated across the street. He was mamed, August U, 1828, to Climena. daughter of Heman Palmerlee, of Connecticut. She was born at Shorehara, Vt., May 23, 1811. Their children were Leonard, born in New York August 16, 1830, married Annie Collins and lives at Battle Creek, Mich.; Elizabeth. September 6, 1833. married S. Daniels and lives in Detroit; Mar\% born September 9, 1838, maiTied William Daniels and resides in Chicago, 111.; Homer C. B., September 1'), 1845. Mrs. Everett died December 11, 1880. Mr. Everett has been an active and energetic man and a prosperous farmer; a member of the Democratic party. Mr. Everett's father served in the war of 1812. HOMER C. EVERETT, son of Cornelius Everett, born in Bruce Township Septem- ber ly, 1845; remained at home and attended the schools of the neighborhood and at Ro- meo until becoming of age; married, October 21, 1874, Lorena, daughter of Abel Shel- den, of Lenox Township; they have two sons — Floyd, bom September 21, 1.S77; Clarence, Augusts. 187U; also one daughter died in infancy. ]VIr. Everett resides on the homestead, and is 'meeting with success as an agricultmnst; is a member of the Republican party. He enlisted, in 1864, in Company G. Third Michigan Volunteer Infantry; rcmiained nearly two years, and was honorably discharged. He lived three years in the townships of Lenox and Ray, and retuiTied to the homestead in the fall of 1880. HENRY D. GOETCHIEUS, P. O. Almont, was born January 1. 1815, in Shawangunk, Ulster Co. , N. Y. . He is the son of Stephen and Catherine Goetchieus. Stephen Goetchieus "♦ 1*1^ was born in New York; his wife, Catherine, in the State of Virginia. His father came to Michigan in 1837; settled in Washington, Macomb County; father died in Almont. Lapeer County, October 20, 1854, aged seventy-fom- years. His son Henry came to Michigan with his father. He had learned the trade of tailor in the State of New York. On his arrival at Romeo, he opened a tailor-shop and followed this business about eight years, and then kept a hotel in what was the old Red Tavern. This house was burned after he had occupied it some four years. On the same ground he built a new hotel, called the Romeo Exchange; kept this house about eight years, then sold the house to J. L. Benja min for $6,000, and with this money he came to Bruce, and bought his present homestead about 1850, which consists of 200 acres of choice land on Section 4, with good dwelling and barn. On this farm, near his dwelling, he has a fine fish pond of about one acre, tilled with pickerel, and with nearly every kind of fish that inhabits the lakes or Michigan. January 27, 1848, the subject of this sketch married Phuebe Cardnell, of Almont. She was born May 16, 1822, in Genesee County. N. Y. From this maiTiage they have the fol- lowing children: lone, born January 9, 1843, now the wife of George Braidwood, of Bruce; Edwin E., June IS, 1S44, now lives at Grand Rapids; Phcebe L., born March 6, 1846, wife of Abram Hagar Marlette, of Sanilac County; Jay W.. born May 15, 1848; Ivan, born December 1, 1840, died May 1, 1850; George M., November 4, 1851, lives in Bruce and occupies part of the homestead; Unita C, born March 11, 1854, at home, sin- gle; Julia, born October 3, 1858, at home, single. Mr. Goetchieus' forefathers lived in Holland. Mr. Goetchieus is a member of the Masonic fraternity. Politically, he is a Democrat. The son, Jay W., lives with his parents on the homestead. November 10, 1876, Jay was married to Ittary E. Miles, of Almont, Lapeer Co., Mich. They have two chikh-en— Phoebe Ann, born June 8, 1878; Hem-y D., born May. 12, 1881. Politically, he is a Democrat. ROBERT GRAY, deceased, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, May 12, 1816; came with his parents to this county in 1832, where the family now reside, in the same old house, with additions. He was married, in 1851. to Miss Isabella Fogo, a native of Scotland. They had four children— Neil W., William M, Belle F. and Hugh J. D. William is married to Belle Mahaffy, and has one child. Robert; Belle F. is the wife of James Coch- lane. Mr. Gray was a prominent farmer and stock-raiser, and was very successful. He died October 5, 1877, respected by all. Noil Gray, deceased, the father of the above, was also a native of Ayrshire, Scotland; brought his family to America in 1832, and settled on Section 11, Bruce Township, this county, where his descendants still live. He was the father of ten children, all dead. WILLIAM HAMILTON, P. O. Almont, born May 31, 1800, in Muirkirk, Ayrshire, Scotland; was the son of Robert and Elizabeth (Simm) Hamilton. Robert Hamilton, fa- ther of the subject of this sketch, was born in Scotland in 1784, and died in 1845, in township of Bruce, Macomb Co., Mich. His wife, the mother of William, was also born in Scotland, in 1785, and died in Bruce in 186S. They had six children, two of whom are now living. The subject of this sketch came to America with his parents in the year 1830; landed at port of Boston and settled in North Andover, Mass.; parents lived in Andover some two years, when they went to Simsbury, Conn., where they lived some five years, then came to Bruce, Mich., in the year 1837. William Hamilton commenced busi- ness life for himself in a woolen-mill in Andover, Mass; worked in this place some two years, then went to the State of Connecticut, to town of Simsbury, where he learned the trade of carpet- weaver in the carpet factory of Livennore & Kendall; followed this occupation five years; was engaged in weaving ingrain carpets. May , 1833, Mr. Hamilton married Mary Meloine, of New York City. She was born in Port Patrick, Scotland, February 10, 1810; came to America in 1833; landed at port of New York. She was the daughter i. 'i:>^ tif John and Mary (McCracken) Meloine; from this man-iago, had eight children, as fol- lows; Robert A., born March 25, 1834. in State of Connecticut, township of Simsbury; Eliza Ann, born in Connecticut, township of Simsbury, December 3, 1885; Mary Jane, in Bruce, Mich., June 27, 1844; Matilda E., born June 21, 184(5; Charlotte A., born September 17, 184U; William W, , born May (5, 1851; John M., born December 6, 1853. The subject of this came to Michigan with parents; farmed with his father some two years; in the year 1841, bought a farm of 120 acres of land on Section !•; on .this land has since lived; homestead now consists of eighty acres of choice land, with good dwelling house and outbuildings. Mr. Hamilton is a member of the Presbyterian Church; has taken considerable interest in common schools, and held several school offices; politically, is Republican. JACOB H. HOSNER was born in Clarkson. Monroe Co., N. Y., in 1841. His par- ents came to Michigan in 1843 and located in Bruce Township, where they now reside. Mr. Hosner grew to manhood on his father's farm, and when nineteen years of age, en- listed in the Fir.st Michigan Cavalry. He was enrolled Augu.st 21, 1861, and served until the 12th day of June, 1864, when he was wounded at the battle of Trevilian Station, Va. He was in the hospital in consequence until June 2, 1865. when he received honorable discharge. Mr. Hosner was one of Michigan's most valiant sohiiers, and one whom his fellow-citizens name with pride and honor. He was in every action in which his regiment was engaged during the lirst two years of service, and was under ixve at Yorktown, Will- iamsburg, Seven Pines, Fair Oaks, Mechanicsville, Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill, Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run, Harper's Ferry, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Falling Waters, Brandy Station, etc. Mr. Hosner was married, in 1866, to Lucy M., daughter of Isaac and Harriet (Cusick) Taft, born in Bruce in 1844. Mr. and Mrs. Taft were natives of Clarkson, Monroe Co., N. Y.. and were both born in 1807. They came to Michigan in 1835, and accumulated several farms and considerable village property in Romeo. They were members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Taft died March 18, 1875: Mrs. Taft died Oc- tober 28. 1877. Mr. Hosner owns 120 acres of fu-st-class, finely situated land, in Bruce, on Sections 2U and 30. His residence is on Section 2U, and his place is well supplied with accessory farm buildings; has recently built a barn at a cost of $1,000. Mj. and Mrs. Hosner have had two children — Hiram Judson, born April 2U, 1868, died September 18. 1879; and Hattie May, born March 1, 1870, and died September 14, 1879, of malig- nant diphtheria. The son died of paralysis of the heart succeeding diphtheria. JAMES M. HOSNER was born July 28, 1838, in Clarkson, Monroe Co., N. Y. ; is son of Jacob and Catherine Thompkins. His father is son of Hugh and Hannah Hosner. natives of New York, the former born in 1780, and died in 1839; the latter born in 1783 and died in 1867. Mr. Hosner came to Michigan in 1841. He was man-ied. in 1863. to Permelia A., daughter of Leonard and Emily Eldred. They have had three children — Emana E., born May 20. 1864, in Bruce; Eva'May, May 1, 1870, in Bruce, died July 14, 1870; Clare J., August 2, 1877, in Bruce. Mr. Hosner owns 210 acres of good laud on Section 30, with tine home and accessory farm buildings; in addition to farming, buys and sells cattle and sheep for the Eastern markets. JOHN E. HOSNER was born July 13, 1850; is son of James and Fanny (Spencer) Hosner. His father was born in Otsego County, N. Y., in 1811; removed to Monroe County, N. Y.. in 1816. He was married, in 1832, to Fanny Spencer. She was born in Otsego County. N. Y. , in 1813; moved with her parents to Monroe County in 1816. They came to Michigan, purchased the land where the Clifton Mill now stands: exchanged the property for land in Bruce, one mile north and one-fom-th mile east of his former loca- tion, where he remained imtil April, 1876. He then moved one-half mile west to another tract of land; he died June 11. 1876; his widow lives on the place where he died. Mr. ^Tv ^1 1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Hosner, of this sketch, was married, October 16, 1870, to Caroline, (laughter of John and Chariot e (Hartung) Albertson, born in WaiTen County, N. J., December 25, 1851; her father was born in New Jersey September 2, ISIV); her mother was born in New York March 3, 1823; they were maiTied September 15, 1844: came to Michigan in 1852, and located at Addison, Oakland County, where they spont the remainder of their lives. Mrs. Albertson died July fi, 1868; Mr. Albertson died May 15, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Hosner have one. child, Mary Lee, born in Bruce December U, 1877. Mr. Hosner occupies the homestead of his parents, 160 acres on Section 32; he is engaged in agriculture, and also in breeding thoroughbred Spanish Merino sheep and Short-Horn Durham cattle: his Hock and herd are of recorded jiedigree — the former fi-om celebrated Vermont stock. THEODORE F. HOSNER. P. O. Romeo, was born in Washington Township in 1845; was married, March 24, 18611. to Amanda Schooley, of Addison Township, Oakland County; their childi'en are Frances May Hosner, born in 1870: and Amie E., Ijt)rn in ]875. He is a prosperous and successful farmer of the township of Bruce. ALBERT HOVEY. P. O. Romeo, born October 10. 1822. in Warsaw. Wyoming Co.. N. Y. ; was the son of Suel and Lucinda (Holmes) Hovey; Suel was of English extraction and his wife. Lucinda, of Scotch extraction; Suel was born in the State of New Hamp- shire. 1785; died in Bruce March 2, 1871: his wife, Lucinda, born in Vermont, October 13, 17yy. and died in Bruce, Mich.. August 30, 1879. Josiah Hovey. father of Suel, was born in England in the year 1754; came to America when but seventeen years of age; he was always a farmer and lived his life in this county, in New Hampshire and New York; he died in Warsaw, Wyoming Co., N. Y. , in the year 1824; his son Suel, the father of this sketch, was a soldier in the war of 1812. The subject of this sketch came to Michi- gan. June. 1S2(), with his parents; his father bought eighty acres of good land, on Sec- tion 2(). township of Bruce; the same farm is now the present homestead of the subject of this sketch, which now consists of 185 acres of choice land, with large commodious dwelling house and good barns and outbuildings. A. Hovey located on thp road leading from Romeo to Almont. one and a half miles north of the village of Romeo. April 14, 1856, Mr. Albert Hovey married Eliza A. Carpenter, of Almont, Lajieer C, Mich.; she was born October 27, 183(), in Armada. Macomb Co.. Mich; was the daughter of Samuel and Sabria (Perkins) Carpenter: both her parents were natives of Rutland. Vt. ; father still living in Oregon. Lapeer Co.. Mich. From this marriage, there are live children living — Carson F.. born January 31, 1857: Elmer A.. November 15. 1858; Samuel C. February 25, 1861; Cora B., November 28. 18(13: Lena S.. September 23, 18(>5, died June 4, 1867; Emma S.. June 21, 1867, died December 29, 1870; Myrtie L, May 21, 1873, all born in the township of Bruce, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Hovey are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politicallv. he is a Republican. FRANKLIN JONES, P. O. Romeo, was born April 24, 1851, in Bruce, Macomb County; he is the son of Charles and Abigail Killam Jones, the former born February 1, 181 1, in New York, and died January 6, 1873, in Dryden, Lapeer County; the latter was born March 23, 1815, in Wheatland, Monroe Co., N. Y. ; her parents were natives of Penn- sylvania. Ml'. Jones' parents were married October 9, 1838, in Wheatland; his mother had eight brothers and sisters, four of whom are living; six of her seven chikh-en are now living; their record is as follows: Eunice L., born August 14, 1840. disd September 24, 1846; Maria, December 4, 1842; Charles K., February 6, 1846; Emma, Mav 15,1848; Franklin. April 24, 1851; Evelyn, June 19, 1853; Ella A., March 23, 1855. "Mr. Jones was married, March 24, 1880, to Eva. daughter of Rev. Lester and Susan Clark, of May- iicld, Mich : the former was born in Rutland, Vt., April 22, 1883: the latter was born in rpper Canada May 21, 1840; they were married July 9, 1855. The parents of Rev. Lester Clark were Amasa Clark, who was born January 18, 1812, in Rutland, Vt. ; and 4 ^* HISTORY OF MACOMB COUKTY. Roxalana Carpenter, bora May 16, 1812, in Ira, Vt. ; they were married April 8. 1830. The parents of Airs. Susan Smith Clark were Albert Smith, born in New York State Feb- ruary 2, 1804:, and Lovina Atwell, born in the same State September 10, 1812; they were married January 25, 182U; Lovina Smith died September 6, 1857; Albert Smith died June 3, 1880. The childi-eu of Rev. Lester and Susan Clark are as follows: Eva, born Mai-ch 3, 1858; Roxie, July 26, 1860; Lovina A., November 11», 1862, died September 15, 1866: Jason S., February 28, 1865; Carrie Belle. March 26, 1868; Annette C. M., October 6, 1870, died November 12, 1871; Allie May, May 25. 1SJ3; and Lester. Jr., August 5, 1881. Mr. Jones now owns his father's homestead of 200 acres on Section lU, in a state of advanced improvement, with good outbuildings. The senior Jones settled in Rose. Oakland County, and in 1844 located in Bruce, where he passed the remainder of his life. Mr. Jones is a Democrat in political sentiment. FRED P. KILLAjr was born in Bruce Township April 10. 1853; his father. Powell C. Killam. and mother. Margaret Ferguson, came to Bruce Township at an early day, from Wheatland, Caledonia Co.. N. Y. ; his grandfather, Charles Killam, did not move to Michigan. In 1873, he took [wssession of 165 acres on Sections I'J and 30. previously purchased from Harvey Reid by Powell C. Killam. where he now makes his home. He married Miss Zella Partch December 14, 1875. daughter of Enos Purtch, born in Vermont, who settled in Michigan about 1867; and Abba (Stone) Partch, a native of New York; they are the parents of three children, namely: Hallie. born January 18, 18.'"; Bessie, born August 10, 1878; and Jessie, born November 21, 1880. Mr. Killam's grandfather was a soldier in the war of 1812, while Mrs. Killam's father served in the New York Vol- unteers during the late war, while her Grandfather Stone served in the war of 1812. Mrs. F. P. Killam was born September 12, 1852. IRA KILLAM, farmer, on Section 18, township of Bruce, Macomb Co., Mich., was born April 23. 1822. in Wheatland. Mom'oe County. State of New York; was the son of Charles and Sarah (Bingham) Killam. Both Chai-les and Sarah Killam were nati\es of Pennsylvania. Chai'les Killam died in May, 1859. His wife, Sarah, the mother of this sketch, is now living with her son Ira; is in her ninetieth year, and a remarkably well- preserved old lady. The subject of this came to Michigan in 1845. settled on the farm on which he now resides, which now consists of 32(_) acres of choice land, with good dwelling- house and outbuildings. Mr. Killam was married, September 20, 1847, to Christie A. Stewart, of Wheatland, Monroe Co., N. Y. ; she was the daughter of Donald and Christie Stewart; wife born December 11, 1822, in Caledonia, Livingston Co., N. Y. ; from this marriage, there were live childi-en, as follows — "William S. . Delia and Zelia (twins), Donald, Ira, Jr. Politically, is Democratic. ROBERT McKAY, born March 4, 1813, in Renfrewshire, Johnston, fourteen miles from Cxlasgow, Scotland, was son of John and Jane McKay; father born in the year 1(83; his wife, the mother of Robert, born in the year 1790; both born in Scotland. They came to America in the year 1836; landed at port of New York; came on to Michigan the same year, and settled in Oxford. Oakland Co.. Mich., where he piu-chased 1,300 acres of good land; on this land they lived till the time of their death, which occurred as follows: Fa- ther died July, 1861; mother, in the year 1858. They had six sons and three daughters, two of whom are now living. Robert, the subject of this sketch, came to .Imerica six y^ars previous to his parents, and spent the first thr e years in the city of Baltimore, Md., and three in Nashville, Tenu. : was engaged during this time in mercantile business and publish- " ing house; when his parents came to Michigan, he came on to meet them, and has since re- sided in Michigan; came to Macomb County in the year 1841; settled on the farm on which he now resides, which now consists of 610 acres of choice land on Section 12, with good dwelling-house and outbuildings. December 16, 1841. Mr. McKay married Jane -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Gray; from this marriage, there were five children — three daughteis and two sons — four now living; wife died January 24, 1861. April 24. 1805, he married Caroline M. Day, born De- cember 16, 183'.), in Armada, Macomb Co., Mich.; have six children living, four sons and two daughters. Mr. McKay is Republican in politics, he being one of the original Abolitionists; in the year 1842, he cast his first vote for the Abolition party, when it had only two anti-slavery votes in town; never cast any other than an anti-slavery vote in his life; has lived to see the complete triumph Of the principles he so early identified himself with on coming to Michigan; has always beeji a zealous worker in the temperance reform, and so remains to this day; was identified with the Underground Railroad, so called, and as- sisted many a poor slave to Canada soil to enjoy that freedom denied to them in this boasted land of fi'eedom; keeps 600 sheep; wheat and sheep are his specialties in farming: is Director in Citizens' Bank; is President of Mutual Fire Insui-ance Company of Macomb County. ROBERT N. McKAY, P. O. Romeo, son of Robert McKay and Jean (Gray), of Bruce, Macomb County, was born in Bruce October 15. 1S47; was married November 1, 1870, to Mary, daughter of B. H. Thurston, of Armada, and for three years lived on the Thurston farm; then bought the fai'm on which he now lives, known as the Campbell farm, on Section 24, in Bruce Township. This farm consisted of 120 acres, to which forty acres have been added. He has good buildings and tine thoroughbred stock, and has been remarkably suc- cessful in the cultivation of wheat, which for many years past has averaged twenty-two bushels per acre. Mrs. McKay was born January 26, 1846, and has two childi'en — Electa, born October 27, 1876, and an infant son. Mr. McKay has always voted with the Repub- lican party. JOHN C. MILLER, P. O. Almont, born September 8, 1814, in Hunter, Greene Co. , N. Y.; was son of William and Margaret (Bruudrige) Miller; his father was born in Portsmouth. England, August 14, 1763; he married Margaret Brundrige, who was born Dec. 2U, 1770, in Nova Scotia; they were married August 20, 1786. William Miller came to America about the year 1782. After their man-iage, they settled in Hunter, Greene Co., N. Y., where they reared a family of ten children. In the year 1833. he left Hunter and came on to Michigan, and settled in what is now the town of Bruce, Macomb County, where he took up 120 acres on Section 4, it now being the farm occupied by John Hagerman; the same year, he took up 160 acres on Section -4, on which he built himself a house and home, and where he and his wife resided till their vleath William Miller died March 25, 1851); Margaret died June 1, 1851. -John Miller bought his father's farm in the year 1837, and with him the parents resided till their death. .John has since lived on the farm, which, in 1882, consists of 140 acres of choice land, with good house and outbuildings. November 10, 1838, he married Sarah M. Cusick, of Attica, Lapeer Co. , Mich.; she was born June 22, 1817; had four children — John T., born October 22, 1831), died September 30, 1853; Ann E., born August 21, 1844; Hiram C, born October 2, 1846; Alice E., born May 4, 1840, now the wife of H. H. Williams, of Almont; they have two children — Jennie B., born May 17, 1873; Clara, born December 3, 1875. Hiram was married to Martha King, of Almont, December 31, 1860, and has three children- -Lizzie A., born February 27, 1870; Estella L., born January 1, 1874; John H., born October 15, 1877; first wife died March 18, 1853. June 8, 1853. Mr. Miller man-ied Lydia J. Classon, of Almont, Lapeer Co., Mich.; wife born March 12, 1831, in Jefl'erson County, N. Y. ; she was the daugther of Amasa and Sabina (Red way) Closson; bad four chil- dren— Truman B., born August 25, 1856, died March 11, 1874; Sarah M.. born October 21, 1858, now the wife of John H. Dodds, of Lapeer, Lapeer Co., Mich., married May 21, 1870; Martha J., born December 24, 1862, died March 17, 1864; David P., born November 13, 1871. l[r. Miller and wife are members of the M. E. Chiu-ch: politically, he is Re[)ublican. ht. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ROBERT MILLIKEN was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, February 23. 182(5; the family were farmei's iu that country and emigi'ated to America in 1845, whou he engaged as clerk in the store of Dickinson & Giddings, in Romeo, in which business he was em- ployed for a period of three years; in the year IS-'jO, he bought the farm on which he now resides, on Section 2, of Bruce. Before leaving Scotland, he was married to Jean- uette Smith, who died in Almont Township in the year 1847. By this marriage, there were two children, both of whom are deceased. He married again. July 12. 1848, to Ellen Hopkin. daughter of John Hopkin, of Scotland; she was born in the year 1821); there were seven children in all. live of whom are still living in the locality of the home- stead, save one. In the year 1870, Mr. M. engaged in the nursery business, in whicli he has gained an extensive trade, his sales amounting to $."'),000 annually, embracing both fi-uit and ornamental trees. He is also a breeder of fine horses and Dui'ham cattle; he has made his farm a fertile one. In politics, he is a Republican. CYRUS A. M£LLS was born iu the Province of Ontario. Canada. February 15, 1845; is son of George and Margaret Mills; he came to Michigan in 186U and settled at Elk Rapids; in 187U, he moved to Washington, Macomb County, and a year later settled in Bruce, where he now resides. He was married, September 26, 1871. to Emily L., daugh- ter of William and Sarah A. Richardson, of Elk Rapids, Mich,; they have had three chil- dren— Walter A., born October 28, 1873. died August 10. 1875: Alice May, November 21. 1876; Charles E., April 27. 1878. Mr. Mills is a Republican. LEWIS D. OWEN, P. O. Romeo, was born August 16, 1815, in Covington, Genesee (now Wyoming) Co., N. Y. ; he is the son of Abijah aad Sally Davis Owen. In 1825, his father came to Macomb Coimty with his famil}' of live children, which number afterward increased to eight; they located in Shelby, known in those days as the •'Third Town," where his father took uj) eighty acres of Government land and remained there until his death, in June, 1837. Mr. Owen left home in 1831. at the age of sixteen, to make his own way in the world, engaging as a clerk at Utica with P. & G. Leach, remaining imtil 1833, when they closed their business connections, and he engaged with John James, of the same place, who was also a merchant there. A year later, in May. 1834, he came to Ro- meo and opened a stock of goods for Johnson Niles, of Troy. Oakland County ; he remained until June, 1835. when he went to Mi-. Niles' store in Troy, and remained oiie year with him. He received a proposition from his former employer. G. C. Leach, to embark in a business enterprise at Utica. Mr. Leach became a silent partner in the concern, managed under the style of Sheldon & Owen; his connection with this tirm continued for two and a half years. In 1837. he was married to Jane E.. daiighter of Liicy Ann and Gideon Gates, of Romeo, and in the fall of 1838 moved to this village. He became Deputy under his uncle. Calvin Davis, then High Sheriff of the county, and served in the same jjosition with his successor; also acted as Collector and Constable of Bruce up to June, 1S42, when he moved with his family upon the homestead farm in Shelby, buying out the other heirs. This was his first experience as a farmer since his boyhood. Here he remained for two years, going with his brother-in-law to manage the farm, near Romeo, of his father-in-law, who then moved into the village of Romeo, He resided on the place for eight years, at the same time conducting his own estate in Shelby, where his mother still lived. In 1852, he sold out the property there and bought the premises of the late James Leslie, Jr., 120 acres, including three- fourths of the northeast quarter of Section 35, in Bruce, of which he still retains seventy-six acres, and where he reside.s. He cast his first Presi- ■ dential vote for Martin Van Bm-en, in 1836. He was a Democrat until the organization of the Republican party in 1854, when he joined its ranks. Mrs. Owen was born iu Rich- mond, Ontario Co., N. Y., in May, 181(3, and died in 187U. in her sixty-fourth year. They had nine children — eight sons and one daughter; five sons are deceased; those living have ±h^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the following record: L. Davis was born at Komeo January lU, 1841; Robert Dale in Shelby. January 80. 1843; John F., in Bruce, in March, 1856; and Rosa May. wife of Emanuel Coykendall. in September. 1861. Sally Davis Owen, daughter of Bela and Ruth Davis, was born in Hubbai'dston. Mass.. September 17, 17U1. Bela Davi:?, father of Sally, was th,'^ son of Eliezer and Sarah Ward Davis, who once lived in Holdeii. Mass., but w(> have no further record of them or their son Bela. The family record of Lewis D. and Jane E. Owen is as follows: They were married in Pontiac December 20, 1837; their eld- est son, M. Bliun Owen, born in Romeo December 23, 1838; L. Davis Owen, born in Ro- meo January lil, 1841; Robert Dale Owen, born in Shelby Januaiy 30. 1843; William Wirt Owen, born in Romeo December 12, 1S4U; Ralph K. Owen, born in Romeo January 20. 1852; Hibbard Owen, born in Brace September 27, 1853. Lewis D. Owen, son of Abijah and Sally Owen, born in Covington, N. Y.. August 16. 1S15; Abijah Owen, son of Fi-ed- erick and Peggy Owen, at Orwell, Vt.. November 11, 17'.t2; Frederick Owen, born at Tol- land. Conn.. Febroary 27, 1752; Peggy Hibbard Owen, born in Windom. Conn.. Septem- ber 16, 1757; Jane E. Gates Owen, daughter of Gideon and Lucy Gates, born in Victor. N. Y., May 7, 1816; Gideon Gates, son of Aiu'on and Elizabeth Gates, born June 2'.t. 178'.*; Lucy Gates, daughter of Jonathan and Honor Blinn. born May 22. 17il2; M'ilbur B. Gates, son of Gideon and Lucy Gates, born December 1, 1813; Jane E. Gates, daughter of Gideon and Lucy Gates, born May 7. 1816, in Victor, N. Y. ; John B. Gates, son of Gideon and Lucy Gates, was born October 6, 1818; Martha Gates, daughter of Gideon and Lucy Gates, born July 0, 1821. The following is the military record of Mr. Owen's three soldier sons; L. Davis Owen was private in Company B, Fifth Michigan Volunteer Infantry; mustered into service in August, 1861. at Fort Wayne. Mich., under Hemy D. Ferry. Colonel, and Judson S. FaiTar. Captain, both of Mt. Clemens; arrived at the seat of war in Virginia in September following; being assigned to the Army of the Potomac, was engaged in all the battles of the Peninsula, commanded by Gen. McClellan, also par- ticipated in the battle of Bull Run No. 2, under Gen, Pope, and at Fredericksburg, under Bm-nside. and at Chancellorsville. under Gen. Hooker, and Mead, at Gettysbm-g. as well as all the subsequent battles and military' movements engaged iu by the Anny of the Poto- mac, including the battle of the Wilderness, the whole number amounting to not less than twenty-five or thirty, and. during the three-years' service, in many of the hardest battles, and received no injiu-y fm-ther than a slight wound upon the eyebrow from a spent ball, which had struck a limb overhead and glanced downward; was mustered out of service the 23d of August. 1864. at camp near Petersburg. Va. M. Blimi Owen, now deceased, at the time the war broke out was a resident of New York City, and was a member of the Seventh New York Militia Regiment, who were called to Washington by the President in June, 1861. to guard the capital, and were encamped on Arlington Heights for six weeks, then returned to New York, and, in the fall received a captain's commission from the Governor of Pennsylvania, and raised a company for the Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Volunteer In- fantry, which were assigned to the same division to which his brother, L. Davis, belonged, and served during the Peninsular campaign, but soon thereafter resigned his commission. he having received so severe a shock from the bursting of a shell that he regarded his physical condition as inadequate to the hardships of a soldier's life, and his death, although it did not occur until some years after that, was j)robably to be attributed to the injury then received. Robert Dale Owen enlisted under Lieut. William Hulsheart, and A. M. Keeler. Captain, in Com2)any B, Twenty second Michigan "\'olunteer Infantry. August U, 1862, at Pintiac. which regiment was assigned to the Army of the Cumberland, the seat of their operations being confined mainly to Tennessee and Georgia, being at the surrender of Atlanta; but he was more generally detailed as teamster or wood-chopper, and was sometimes sent to Washington with lunatics; therefore, he was not much engaged in bat- V*l®~ 'i^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tie. but from the kick of a mule received a breach, for which he now receives a half -pen- sion; was mustered out of service in June, 1865, at Nashville, Tenn. GEORGE H. PALMERLEE, son of Lucius and Louisa (Stone) Palm.. 1833, and married. Febru- ary 23. 1853, to Wesle) Miller; they have had live children — Edwin S.. born January 23, 1854; James A.. August 15, 1855; Hannah. April 15. 1858; Anna P.. July 6, 1862; Ca- lista, November 23. 1868. died March 4. 186U. Joseph, born July 25. 1835. married. October 21, 1860. Lucinda Hosner: they have had six children — Marv E.. born June 23. 1863, died September 27. 1863; Elsworth. June 27. 1864; Ezra A.. June 19. 1S67: Clark, June 4. 1872; Fred. January U. 1876: and Neil. June 16. 1860. Ai-chibald Powell was born Se])tember 22. 1837: was married. June 6. 1860. to Sarah L. Hosner; they have three children — Abram Ten Broeck. born February 23. 1861; Lizzie. May 5, 1865; and Hugh H. , October 6. 1872, Hannah M. was born April 5. 1840. and married, Septem- ber 20. 1858. to Abram Skillman: they have two children — Alice, born June 23. 1862; and Fred. March 2. 1N68; Abram C. was born October 7, 1842; he enlisted in the First Michigan Cavalry. Compam' A. in Augiist, 1861; went with his regiment to Washington, D. C. where he died December 13. 1861. Anna E. was born June 21. 1844. and mar- ried. July 19, 1861, to John F. Hagaman; they have had three children — A. Powell, born September 24. 186U; Carl. February 27. 1875. died March 27, 1875; John Bert Frederic, October 7. 1876. Caroline L. Powell was born May 5. 1851. NEIL GRAY REID. son of William and Mary (Gray) Reid, natives of Ayi-shire, Scotland, was born in Bruce Township January 14. 1841; he attended school in his native town and aided his father on the farm until becoming of age, except six mouths spent in a select school at Birmingham, Mich., and one term spent in District No. 10, Armada, Mich., as teacher; in 1862, he bought the farm known as the Jesse Bishop farm, on Sec- tion 12, in Bruce Township, where he still resides; to the original purchase he has added seventy acres; he was married. September 9, 1863, to Annie, daughter of John Hopkins, a native of Scotland: she was born in Almont Township, Lapeer County, October 21. 1841: three children were born — Mary G. , born May 14, 1864; Jennie H. , September 21, 1866; Annie E. J.. July 22. 1871. The parents of Mrs. R. emigrated from the old A country in 1833, and the father still lives near Almont at the age of eighty-five years; her mother died in 1S()8. The parents of Mr. R. came from Scotland at an early day, and his father still lives in Brvice Township; his mother died in the year ISTjlJ. Mr. R. is a prosperous and successful farmer, makes the raising of wheat a specialty, in which he has met with remarkable success, and his average crop for some years has lieen twenty- two bushels per acre; he has line outbuildings and a fertile farm; a member of the Pres- byterian Church, and a Republican in politics. AVILLIAM REID, a farmer, native of Scotland, was boru in Ayrshire, Scotland, in April, 1814; was a farmer in the old country and emigrated to America in 1883, stopping a short time in New York State; thence to Ohio about one year; thence to Macomb, in 183."); in 1836, he bought land in Lapeer County, which he kept about two years and then sold this, and then bought in the eastern portion of same county; this he soon sold and set- tled on Section 12, Bruce Township, in 1831), which is his present home. He was mar- ried, in the year 183U, to Mary (Iray, daughter of Neil Gray, of Scotland; she was born in Scotland in 180U, and came to America with the Gray family in 1832: their children were Neil G. , born January 14, 1841; Joseph, December 21, 1842, oi'dained as a Presby- terian minister, and died while mini.stering to the church at Vassar, Mich., September ll. 1877; William H.. February 1, 1847, a farmer of Macomb. Mrs. R. died June 17, 185^; he married again October 27, 18()2, Annie Borland, born in Scotland June 21), 1828; their children are Thomas B., bom September U, 1863; John L.. September 20, 186(); James H., July 30, 1873. Mr. Reid has cleared his farm from a state of nature to one of gi'eat fertility, and has surrounded himself with all the comforts of life; he is a member of the Presbyterian Church of the Scotch settlement; also his wife for many years. He is a Republican in politics. Mi's. Reid's mother was born in Ayrshire, Scot- land, in October, 1801, and lives with her daughter; her husband died in Scotland in 1841. WILLIAM H. REID was born February 1, 1847, in Bruce, Macomb County, Mich.; was the sou of William and Mary (Gray) Reid; father born in Ayrshire, Scotland; his wife Mary was boru in Ayr.shire, Scotland, April 211, 180U; died Jime 17, 18,")',), in Bruce, Macomb County, Mich. Mary Reid's parents, Neil and Mary Gray, cauie from Scotland in the year 1832, and settled in what is now Bnice, the same yeai', on Section 11, where they lived till the time of their death. October 6, 1864, William Reid, the sub- ject of this sketch, mai-ried for his wife Janet A. Reside; wife born May 4, 1844, in the township of Bruce, and on the same farm on which she now resides; she was the daughter of James and Margaret (Gray) Reside; both her parents were natives of Ayrshire, Scot- land, the father born in the year 178il, died November 14, 1859, in Bruce; mother born December 8. 1804; she died October 12, 1868, in Bruce. Mr. and Mi-s. Reid have hve children living — William J., born August 14, 186-"); James M., December 30, 186(5; Robert G., December 27, 1868; Neil E., April 24, 1871; Janet A., December 28, 1872. Both Mr. and Mrs. Reid and their three oldest sons are members of the United Presbyterian Church. He is a Republican, politically. Mr. Reid is now on the homestead of his wife's parents, on Section 1, which now consists of 27-"") acres of choice land, with good dwelling-house and outbuildings. Mr. Reid is in a limited way engaged in breeding thoroughbred Short- Horn Durham cattle. JOHN R. ROBERTSON was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, November 3, 1830; emigrated from Scotland in June, 1S33 and settled in the " Scotch settlement " in the edge of Lapeer County, where he lived about live years. In 1838, he bought land in Bruce, on Section 2, and made it his home. The father died on this farm in l8.")2; the mother died in 1840. The subject of this sketch remained at home and came into possession of the homestead, and has made it a very productive farm. He married, in November, l8r)4, Sarah, daugh- vn<» ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COU^^TY. ter of Andrew Braidwood, of Connecticut; she was born in Scotland in 18:56. Her fatLer died in Connecticut. They have had a family of eight children, seven of whom are living and at home. Mi'. Robertson is a farmer, as were his ancestors in the mother country. CHARLES A. SCHANCK, P. O. Romeo, was born August 7, 1843, in Bruce, Macomb County; he is the son of David and Ellen (Sutphen) Schanck; his parents were born in Monmouth Coimty. N. J., respectively December 1. 1798. and October fi. 1807: they died in Bruce January 21, ISfi?, and November 17, 187B. William and Anna Sutphen, Mr. Schanck's gi-andparents, were natives of New Jersey; the latter was born about 1783, in Monmouth County, and died in Wayne County. Mich., November 24, 18")3; the former died September 7, 1847, in Macomb County. Mich. David Schanck went from New Jersey to Wayne Coixnty and Monroe County, in New York, where he spent several yeai-s, and, about 1834. came to Michigan and settled in Washtenaw County; eight years later, he located in Bruce, Macomb Coimty. He and his wife were mai-ried in W^ayne County, N. Y.. and had eleven children, ten of whom are now living, born as follows: Jane. February 26, 182(5; Mary. March 30. 1828. died October 10, LS2'.t; John. January SI, 1830; Martha A., September6. 1831 ; Elizabeth. June It, 1833; William H., Jime 2, 1835: George, Febru- ary 10. 1^38: Ally M., March 3, 1839; Sarah A., September 14, 1841; Charles A., August 7, 1843; Lydia D.. May 22, 184--). W^hen David Schanck settled in Bruce, he boiight eighty acres of land on Section 30, and afterward purchased sixty-five acres across the road on Section 19, where the dwelling stands in is^hich he died. The homestead is now owned by Mr. Schanck of this sketch, who has made an addition of eighty acres, making an aggregate of 195 acres of first-class farming land. He was maiTied, October 1, 1873, to Celia, daughter of Joseph and Julia (Lloyd) Ketcham. of Bruce; the former waa a na- tive of New York and lives in Laingsburg, Mich. ; the latter died about seventeen years ago. Mrs. Schanck was born March 11, 1851. in Connecticut; she is the mother of two born September 12. 18 < 4. and Vernon J., July 18, 1876. Mr S. is u •rnal grandfather was Tunis Schanck. born July 27. 1770, and died childi-en — David V., bori Democrat. His maten September 3. 1806; his wife, A.Vandevere, was born August 12. 1777. and died October 22, 1826: they were married December 13, 1792. HIRAM SHERMAN was born March 9, ISIO. in Greenfield. Sai-atoga Co.. N. Y.: _was the son of Levi and Prudence (Denison) Sherman; his father was born in Januaiy, 17S0, probably in the State of New York; died, in 1819. in Richmond. Ontario Co., N. Y. ; his wife. Prudence, was born in Stonington. Conn.. April 27, 1786; she died February 8. 1873. in Bruqe, Macomb Co., Mich. Levi Sherman and Prudence Denison were married April 2. 1809, in Saratoga County. N. Y. Caleb Sherman, father of Levi Sherman, was born jirobably in Rhode Island: his wife Mary was born about the year 1752. probably in New York; she died December. 1841. in Greenfield. Saratoga Co., N. Y. Hiram Sherman was married to Mrs. Mary W. Harris, of Almont, November 11. 1851 ; Mrs. Sherman ^'as born July 21, 1812, in Pittsford, Monroe Co., N. Y.; she was the daughter of Solomon and Martha Clai-k Stone. Solomon Stone was born in Halifax, Vt., and died in Richmond, Macomb Co., Mich., February 3. 1853; his wife was born in Stonington, Conn., and died in Pittsford, Monroe Co., N."Y. in 1814, the same year as the birth of her daughter Mary, who is now Mi's. Sherman, the subject of this sketch. Elias Stone, grandfather of Mr. Sherman, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, and died in Pittsford, Mom-oe Co., N. Y., about the year 1S15. Mi-. Sherman settled in Michigan in 1836; has held the office of Justice of the Peace, and also the office of Supervisor. Mr. and Mi-s. Sherman are mem- bers of the Congregational Chm'ch, of Almont. Lapeer Co., Mich. ANDREW J. SIKES was born May 19, 1829, at Granville, Washington Co.. N. Y. : his ])areuts, Salmon and Betsey (Crippeu) Sikes, were both natives of the same county; his mother died when he was eight years old, and he stayed in his native place until March 47 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 19, 1852, when he started for California in search of gold, and sailed from the city of New York April 1, 1852, in the ship Empire, via Cape Horn. The passage consumed 135 days and they reached San Francisco August 13, 1852. He remained in the Golden State until May 20, 1857; engaged in mining all the time save three months. At the date named, he took steamer for New York: his father had died in 1855, and the family were scattered. He spent four weeks there and decided to come West, having a brother at Ro- meo; he arrived here August 1, 1857. and found a number of relatives and concluded to remain and invest his money. He was married. November 23. 1858, to Sarah C. , daugh- ter of Jonas Crisman. and the next spring bought a farm of 234 acres on the western out- .skirts of Komeo, also ten acres of timber four miles southeast of the village. He is chiefly engaged in farming, and has also been Treasurer of the Macomb County Insurance Com- pany since its organization, in 1876; has also been connected with the County Agricult- ural Society for sixteen years; has been Treasurer eight years and one of the Board of Directors eight years; has been sexton of the Romeo Cemetery three years, and a member of the First Baptist Church since April. 1858 ; has been Clerk of the church since June, 1858. He oast his first L-'residential vote for James Buchanan while in California. His farm is in an advanced state of improvement and finely located for a residence. His habits of good taste and order add much to the natural advantages of his place, and the general ap- pearance is apjjreciated bv the public. Mr. and Mrs. Sikes have one daughter living — Hattie H., born March 7. 1872: a son— Willie \V. born July 20.1860, died June 13, 1876. JOHN SMITH. Jr.. was born in Lancashire, England, of Scotch parentage, June 17, 1828; is a son of John and Anna Smith, and came to America with his parents in 1837. and with them settled at Hudson. N. Y.. where he went to work in the Calico Print Works for about two and two-thirds years, and then engaged in the same business at North Adams. Mass., for two and a Ijalf years; from there, in the fall ef 1842, went to Lake County, III. to work on a farm for twenty months, and came from there here in 1844, his father having bought a farm on Sections 15 and I'i. in Bruce, upon which he went to work, eighty acres of which he now owns. He was married, in March. '1854, to Nancy A. Black, of Bruce, and, for about one year, lived in Texas; in March, 1855, bought 130 acres of the farm he now lives on; has since, at various times, bought 270 acres in addition, making 480 acres in one body; he has about 700 acres of other lands in Michigan; in 1863, he became a stockholder in the First National Bank of Romeo, and still remains so; was one of its Directors until 1874, when he helped organize the Citi- zens' National Bank, of Romeo, of whicn he has been a Director and Vice President since that time, but residing on his farm, on Section 3. about six miles from Romeo: his wife died in October, 1855. and left him with four children — Agnes M., born Jamiary 5, 1858; Florence N. , January 26, 18(51: Edward J., June 25, 1866: Philip Cameron, June 18, 186<). OBED SMITH, Sr. His wife's father was born at Ashfield. Mass., .\pril 6. 1770: with his wife, Rhoda Sears Smith, born at Yarmouth. Mass., in May, 1771, moved about IN 12 to Lewiston. N. Y., remaining in that vicinity during their life. The live children of William H. and Irena S. Pool were all born in Lewiston, N. Y. Achish Pool. March 3. 1830. married (jertrude S. Tillson. of Romeo. Mich.. November 25. 1858; are now living in Buffalo County. Neb. Aratus S. Pool was born January 11, 1832; married Per- melia A. Hosner. of Bruce. Mich.. M;u-ch 27. 1856. now living at Romeo. Mich. Will- iam H. Pool, born March 17. 1844, married Eva Hoyt Williams, at Oil City, Pt:nn.. July 11. 1872, now living in Buffalo County, near Kearney. Neb.; B. F. Pool. September 2'.(, 1N37; and Hattie M. Pool. March 12, 1846. still reside with their father on the home- stead, unmarried. William H. Pool participated in Navy Island troubles, which manv in Macomb County remember. The Methodist Church is and has been the family chm-ch. i*~^ -- ^[ \r .. •^ SAMUEL B. SPENCER, P. O. Romeo, was boru June 2. 1807, in Springiielfl, Otsego Co.. X. Y. : be is the sou of Ai'uold aud Laviua Speucer. the former a native of Couuecti- eut and the hitter of New York: they came to Michigan in 1S34 aud settled iu Washing- ton. Macomb County, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Mr. Spencer's pa ternal grandfather was a soldier in the Revolution, and was present at the siu'render of Cornwallis at Y'^orktown. Mr. Spencer came to Michigan in l.SSH and settled in Washing- ton, where he bought 1"2(1 acres of Government land with John Hosner, and about a year after the purchase, the latter sold his half, and Mr. Spencer added eighty acres to his possessions; nearly fifteen years later, he sold out aud piu-chased 280 acres of land on Sections 16 and 17, in Brace; the deed is dated in ISIS: this land is under tne best of cultivation and has a good dwelling, commodious barns and other accessory buildings. Mr. S. was married, August fi, 1835, to Lucena Graves, of Batavia. X. Y'. : she was born November 25. 1S14: they have had tivo children two of whom are living; their record is as follows: William R., borfi November 26. 1886, now resides in Jackson, Grundy Co., Mo., engaged iu farming; he enlisted iu the First Michigan Cavalry and served for four years: he lost his right arm at Petersburg and was discharged in July following; Lucena was born November 21. 1838. and died in infancy: Lucian H.. boru December 15. 1839, enlisted August 18, 1862. in the Fifth Michigan Cavalry aud served until June 11. 1864, when he was taken prisoner at Trevilian's Station, Va., transported to Libby Prison, Richmond, Va., thence to Andersonville and Milieu. Ga., and finally to Florence, S C. : he was taken very ill with fever and was prostrated when the order came for the transfer of every man who eoiild walk to the cars to be sent toGoldsboro, N. C. Oscar Wood (see sketch) refused to leave his helpless comrade and townsman, but was di'iven by a guard of armed rebels to the waiting train; no further intelligence was ever received from the brave Lueiau H. Spencer, whose memory is held most sacred by the friends of his youth aud the com- panions of his sulferings for the integrity of his country's flag; Luciuda S., born March 8. 1842, died December 13, 1855; Adelia E., November II, 1846. now Mrs. John A. Robinson, of Jackson. Grundy Co., Mo. Mrs. Spencer died September 3, 1854. Mr. S. was mar- ried again, September 13. 1855, to Mary J. Meeker, of Bruce, who died in the summer of 1866. Mr. S. w.as again man-ied. March 12, 1867, to Julia E. Miller, of Dryden. La- peer Co.. Mich. : she is the daughter of James and Elizabeth Miller, and was born July 31. 1836. in Greene County, N. Y. Mr. S. is a Republican in iiolitics: both himself aud wife are members of the M. E. Church. A. D. TAYLOR, sou of John Taylor and Phebe Leech, was born at Mendon. N. Y., in 1831; his father, John Taylor, was born in Deertield, Mass., June 30, 17112; his grand- father, Rev. John Taylor, was born at Westfield, Mass.. in 1762, graduated at Y^ale Col- lege in 1784, was pastor of the Congregational Church of Deerfield nineteen years. Los- ing his voice in 1802, when as missionary to the Indians iu Northern New York, he removed to Enfield, and from thence to Mendon, N. Y'., where he was for several years ac- tive in the ministry; in 1832, at the age of seventy, he removed with his sou John to Michigan: h,is father. Sir. E. Taylor, served the State many years aud died on his way to the Legislature of Massachusetts: his grandfather. Rev. Edward Taylor, left England for America iu 16''\ on account of the sufferings of the dissenting clergy, after the restora- tion of Charles II: he was the first pastor of the Congregational Chxu'ch at Westfield. Mass., ministering for nearly sixty yeai-s and helping also to carry the young colony through the perilous wars of King Philip. Mr. Sibley's second volume of "Harvard's Graduates" contains a full account of him. After having purchased a tract of laud five miles from Romeo, where Mr. N. T. Taylor was already located, John Taylor began to develop the resources of the wilderness, where he made their novr home. The Rev. John Taylor soon gathered the people of the neighborhood to that home for divine service. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. and there helped to foi-m the Brvice and Armada CongTegational Church, of which he was pastor until the time of his death, December 20, 1M4(); his wife, whose maiden name was Eliz.Lhi'th Terry, died September 16, 1848, at eighty-two years of age; his son, John Tay- lor, was married iu Lima, N. Y., to Phebe Leech, May 30, 1827; their children were: M. E. Taylor, born March 5. 1S28, and who lives at home; A. D. Taylor, was born July 1, IS;]1, he was married to Lucy M. Ayer, of Romeo, Mich., in 1804, and they also live upon the home farm; Martha M. Taylor," born September 20, 183S, died July'll, 1853 Mr, John Taylor was actively engaged in all the interests of his neighborhood, and was Deacon of the cliiu-ch of Bruce, continuing so until the time of his death. May 21, 1865. Mrs. T. died January 14, 1877. The children of A D. Taylor are Martha Lyon Taylor, born June 10, 1867, "and Mavy Elizabeth Taylor, born June 12, 1875. JAMES THOMPSON (deceased), familiarly known as " Scotcb Thompson." resided on the county line; was l)orn iu Ayrshire, Scotland, about 1803; emigrated to America in 1834, and bought laud on the county line, which was his home until 187'), when he removed to Almout Village, where he died in March, 1881. He was a printer of calico in the city of Kilmarnock, and worked at that business in the city of Philadeljihia a short time; he was never married; he was something of an artist and a poet, rather inclining to the terrible in imagination and description; he was a great lover of line horses, and made the breeding of them a specialty: his peculiarities of disposition and erratic temperament often made trouble with his neighbors. At the time of his death, Hardier Hospital, of the city of De- troit, received a benetit of more than $10,000. JOHN 0. THOMPSON, P. O. Romeo, farmer of Bruce Township, was born in Ca- yuga County, N. Y., June 29, 1845; his father, Jarvis Thompson, born iu Cayuga County. N. Y., in 1820, removed to Macomb in 1857, and died iu Bruce Township iu 1865, April '•I; his mother. Alma Eldridge, of the same county, resides in Romeo at the age of fifty- three years. John C. remained at home, and, on the death of his father, bought the farm known as the Prentice place, in Bruce, and remained on it six years; he then went to the homestead, on Section 25, Bruce, where he has since resided. He was married, Sejitember 27, 1865, to Phebe, daughter of Russell Day; she was born May 22, 1848; the childi-en of this marriage are Myrtle May, born November 27, 1870; Hattie, December 21), 1873. Mr. T. is a successful farmer and breeder of Merino sheep; a history of his flock is fouud in the agricultui'al chapter of this work; he is a member of the Board of Directoi's of the Macomb County Agricultm'al Society, a member of the Vermont Merino Sheep Breeders' Association; also of that of the State of Michigan, and the Sheep Breeders" and Wool Growers' Society of Macomb County; also a member of the A, O. U. W. ; in form of wor- ship, he is a Baptist. JAMES ^VEED THORINGTON was born October 15, 1,S3'.>. iu ^^"ashington. Macomb Co., Mich. ; is the son of Elijah and Lydia Thorington; his father was born iu Canada in 1801); his mother was born in Monroe County. N, Y., in 1818, and died in Washington, Mich , iu March, 1868, Mr. Thorington is engaged in agricultm-e and owns 140 acres of choice laud on Sections 33 and 34, and good dwellings and commodious barns and out- buildings; he is extensively^ eugaged iu raising Spanish sheep, bred from the famous Taylor flock, of Macomb County, and from that of L. P. Lusk. of New York; by careful altentiou to breeding and giving sheep the best of care summer and winter. Mr, T. ex- hibits a fiock second to few, if any. in the State. He was married, February 6. 1861, to Miss Martha, daughter of James and Roxauna Leslie Starkweather; she was born March 23, 1841, and died February 10, 1803; was again married, March 10, 1864, to Maria S., sister of his former wife, born March 5, 1843; thev have an adopted son — Lean H. . born April 2. 1874. Both Mr. and Mivs. T. belong to the M. E. Church, of Romeo. Mr. T. is -!^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. a temperance man in principles and action, voting only for candidates for office of de- clared temperance proclivities. JOHN TOWNSEND. of Brnce Township, was born July 20. 17114. in Dutchess County. N. Y. ; in his early life, he was /. tanner by trade, which business he conducted with suc- cess for many years In 1832. he visited Macomb County and located 1.400 acres of land on Sections 4, 5 and 8; also a small tract in Addison Townshiji. Oakland County, and re turned home, closed out his business and removed his family to his purchase, and made that his home to the time of his death: he was a man of great energy and perseverance and stern integrity and at the front of all the improvements of that locality in which he lived. Both Mr. and" Mrs. Townsend were active members of the M. E. Church for many years, which connection was maintained to the time of his decease; his family consisted of live sons and three daughters, all of whom are living, save one son and one daughter. Mr. T. died January 5. 1874. Mrs. T. (.\nn Miller) still survives at the age of eighty. George Townsend. son of John and Ann (Miller) To^^Tisend. was born in Bruce Township. Sep- tember 11, 1836; he was educated in the schools of his neighborhood, and for some years conducted the home farm, and. in 1860. bought the Hopkins farm, in Bruce, which, after four years, he sold and bought a jiortion of the homestead located on Section 8, which is his present home. He was married. February 12, 1862. to Charlotte, daughter of James Ballard, of Lapeer County; she was born Jamiary 23. 1842: they have one child — Gracie B.. born Ajjril 22. 1872. Mr. Townsend's farm consists of 300 acres of land in good fer- tility and is a pleasant home. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and is a Repub- lican in politics. Mr. John Townsend was a soldier of the war of 1812. and drew a pen- sion a few of the latter years of his life. EZRA WOOD (deceased) was born September 7. 1800, in Booneville. Oneida County. N. Y. ; he was the sou of Andrew and Azubah (Adams) Wood: the father was born August 24, 1783. in Middlebury. Mass, and. at the age of ten years, moved to Pitts- town. Rensselaer Co.. N. Y., and, several years later, went to Booneville, where he was married in 1806 or 1807. Mrs. Wood was born in Fairfield Town and County, Conn. Lemuel Wood, father of Andrew, was left an orphan at an early age, and. at fourteen, was serving at Fort Stanwix. now Rome, N. Y., as captain's waiter, and was afterward in the Revolutionary war. He married Rebecca Warner, of Middlebury, Mass. : they have had eight children, of whom Andrew was the youngest son. Lemuel ^^'ood died at the age of seventy-six: his wife in 1822, at the age of eighty. Azubah Adams was the daughter of Ephraim and Rebecca (Sherwood) Adams, who had three sons and six daugh- ters. Eplu-aim was a soldier in the war cf the Revolution, and died when about eighty- three years old: his wife died when tifty-three years of age. Ezra Wood went, in 1831. to Wilson. Niagai-a Co., N. Y. , and. five years later, came to Bruce. Macomb Co.. Mich.: he had two brothers and four sisters — iVIaretta. Andrew, Marcus. Clarissa. Perlina and Eliza. He was married, March 1. 184(\ in Bruce, to Phebe C. , daughter of William and Elizabeth Hasbrouck Cusick: the former was born December 25, 1770, the latter Decem- ber 11, 17U2: they were maiTied, December 18, 1813: their childreti were born as follows: Hiram, March 11*. 1815; Sarah Maria. June 24, 1717; Phebe C. was born April 1._1820. in AVoodstoek. Ulster Co.. N. Y., and moved into Bruce. Macomb County., in 183/: two years later, he went to Attica, Lapeer County, where he died in 1852. Ezra Wood and "wife had ten childi-en — Oscar C. (see sketch); Ezra A., born October 27, 1842, enlisted August 18, 1862, in Company A. Fifth Michigan Cavalry, served as a private and corporal; died of t\i3hoid-pneuraonia, in Douglas Hospital. "Washington, D. C., February 7, 1864: Hiram C, born January 28, 1845. married, in 1860, and went to Grundy County, Mo.: died July 20, 1870; Eliza, born June 17. 1847, died September 20, 1854; Ida, born Janu- ary 16, 1852, died September 16, 1854: Ai-thur A., August 20, 1854: Andrew H.. Decern- HlSTOllY OF MACOMB COUNTY. bor 22. ISaC). These bvotliers together own the homestead in Bnice. and a considerable tract of land in Missouri. Clara, born November 11. 1851t, married Duane Wales, of Almont, Lapeer County. December 2. 187U; Hattie, born March 26, 1868, died February 13, 1865; MeClellan, born September 1"), 1805; Ezra Wood, died June 3, 1873, of malig- nant erysipelas: Oscar C. Wood was born December 31, 1840, in Bruce; he enlisted Au- gust IS. 1862, in Company A, Fifth Michigan Cavalry: served as a private and Corporal until June 11, 1864. when he was taken prisoner at the battle of Treviliau Station. Va.. and spent iipward of nine months in Libby Prison, Richmond, and in the stockade pens of Andersonville and Millen. C4a. , and Florence, S. C. Mr. Wood is a member of the Andersonviile Siu'vivors" Association and says: " I have read many accounts of the hor- rors of the stockade prison at Andersonville, biit never saw one that was exaggerated." He was paroled at Cxoldsboro. N. C, February 25, 1865; went to Annapolis, thence to Columbus, and received a thirty days" furlough and came home. An order was issued for the discharge of paroled prisoners, and he was discharged May 30, 1865, at Detroit: he was married, December 31, 1866. at Wayne, Mich., to Belle, daughter of Ira and Mary Ann Sever Munson; they had four children, born as follows: Perry E., August 14, 1868; Louis I.. September 23," 1870; Hattie, September 25, 1872; Casius H., April 25. 1878; all were born in Bruce. Hiram C. ^A'ood married Lydia Schanck. of Bruce, November 10. 1868; their children were born as follows: Minnie, June. 1872; Cora, in 1876. died in January, 1878; Dora. July 4, 1878, in Grundy County. Mo. Mrs. Belle ^\'ood was born January 11, 1842. in Bloomtield. Ontario Co., N. Y. ; she has one brother and two sisters — Louis R. Munson, born August 18. 1836, in Lima, Livingston Co., N. Y. ; married Henrietta Stewart, of Wayne, Mich.. March 4, 1866; their childi'eu are Stewart, born Feb- ruary 8, 1867; William, born August 10, 1868; Helen Munson, June 21, 1840; married Jacob Chamberlain, of Addison. Oakland (!ounty, September 14, 1865; Clara Munson. born October 25. 1853: married William Seeley, of Wayne, Mich., April 24. 1872; they have one son — Jacob, born January 25, 1873; Ira Munson was born in Hebron, Washing- ton Co., N. Y. , July 17, 1810; went to Western New York and married M. A. Seaver, January 20. 1834;" in the fall of 1842. settled in Clifton, Macomb Co., Mich.; they moved to Oxford. Oakland Co.. Mich., in 1S()1: lived there five years, then moved to Wayne, where he still resides. ORRIN WOODBECK was born August 26, 1.S37, in Armada. Macomb Co., Mich.; is the son of Peter and Mary (Finch) AN'oodbeek. natives of the Empire State, the former born in 1808 inCojjake. N. Y.. and died September lU, 1863, in Armada, Macomb County; the latter was born in 1816. near Honeoye Lake, N. Y., and is still living in Armada. Mr. A\()odbeck was married, September 12, 185VI, to Matilda Killam, of Armada; she was born in New York July 6. 1840. and died August 15. 1863. in Armada, leaving a son — Franklin P. . born March 18, ISIiO. Mr. Woodbeck was married a second time. Janitsuy 1. 1.S66. to Polly, daughter of Chester and Jane Cooley (see sketch of Chester Cooley. of Romeo); she was born February 14, 1842. in Bruce, in the same house where she now lives; they have three "children — Peter, born December 4, 1866; Chester D., November 28. 1868; Ellnora. April 10. 1872. Mr. Woodbeck is a farmer and resides on the home- stead of his father-in-law. wliich consists of 200 acres of land, on Sections 21. 17. 18 and 5, in Bruce; he owns ninety-five acres of first-class land on Section 28, in Ai'mada: he is a Republican in politics. JOHN B. YOFNGS. P. O. Romeo, son of Robert and Hannah (Hunuiwell) Youngs, was born at Livonia. N. Y.. September 1. 1S23: his father was a native of England, and his mother of New England. The family moved to Oakland County and lived a short time; then went to Cleveland. Ohio. The subject of this sketch came to Macomb County in September, 1851, and, in company with his brother, bought 160 acres on Section '.>, TV Y ^ 9 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. which he cleared partly and sold out. He was married, January "2. IS54, to Martha. youugest daughter of James Parker, of Macomb Couuty. and has no children; he has spent about nine years in Oakland Coiinty in farming, and has been lai'gely engaged as a salesman and collecting agent of agricultiu'al implements. He at present resides on the Parker farm, in Armada Township. !Mr. and Mrs. Youngs have been for many years members of the Christian Chtu'ch in Romeo; he is a Republican in politics. CHAPTER XXXIV. M.VCOMl} TOW'Nsnil'. This town was settled in 1881. Among its first settlers were Calvin Davis, Daniel Miller (now of Romeo I, Daniel Kniifeu and Lester Giddings, the latter being the only representative left here now. It was, prior to the forming of the Repulilican party, the banner Democratic town in the county, there being only ten Whig voters in the township. Within the past fifteen years it has increased rapidly with the German element and now numbers over 400 voters. The German element is mostly Democrat. There are five stores and five churches in the town. One of the oldest men in the county, William Todd, who is ninety-seven years of age, does all the work on a farm of thirty acres of land and bids fair for a number of years yet. There is also a centennial tree of the buttonwood order, which measures twenty-seven feet in circumference. Among the okl settlers of Macomb County who have done much toward the prosperity of the township ai'e Zephaniah Campbell, Manson Farrar. Lester Giddings, Calvin Davis, Daniel Knilfin. Daniel Miller, Samuel Whitney, Charles Crittenden, Horace H. Cady and many others. The tu-st Sunday school established in this township was that by Chauncey Church, of Vermont. Church brought with him his own library and placed it at the disposal of the pupils. The school was held in a building which stood on the site now occupied by the Macomb Chiu'ch. FIRST SCHOOLS. The first school was that in the Davis settlement, Sections 17 and 18. Macomb Town- ship. The second was in the Crawford settlement, referred to in the sketch of Ray Town- ship. Among the pupils attending the fii'st schools were the Giddings, Davises, Knifiins and Millers. The children of No. 8 District who attended the school in Peatman's dwell- ing-house, about the year 1887, were James M. Rensallaer, Gordon H. Wade, J. H. C. Garvin, Mehelah Stroup. Susan and Jane Perkins, Frank, William and Abigail Warner. This school was taught by Miss Minerva Olds. FIRST SETTLERS. In the Stroup settlement wei'e George Stroup, H. H. Wade, John Garvin, Sam Whit- ney, Reuben Warner, Elias M. Beach, James Perkins. The first blaL-ksmith was Stephen Hewey. In the Davis settlement were Dan Kuiffiu, Lester Giddings, Calvin Davis, Daniel Miller, Chauncey Church. In the Cady settlement were the Cooks, Atwoods, Halls, Haskius. The Cadys, of Mt. Clemens, were represented here shortly after. ORGANIZATION. The township of Macomb, comprising Town 3 north. Ranges 18 and 14 west, was erected under authority of the Legislative Council, ajiproved March 7, 1884, and the first meeting ordered to be held at the house of Daniel Shattuck. Chesterfield was established IV L^ by the'act of February 16, 1842, setting off the eastern half of Macomb 'Township into a township of that name. TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisoi-s — Flaver Greenleaf, 1834-35; Calvin Davis. 1835-38; County Commis sioners. 1838-43; Joel W. Manley, 1843-45; Stewart Taylor. 1845-47; William Mc- Donald, 1847-49: Stewart Taylor. 1849-50: Calvin Davis. 1850-51; Hiram M. Jenny, 1851-54; Perry M. Bentley. 1854-55; Hiram M. Jenny. 1855-56; Samuel Whitney. 1856-57; Orange Foot. 1857-58; Samuel Whiting. 1858-59; Horace H. Cady. 1859-78; Jacob Stroup. 1873-78; Alfred Stewart. 1878-79; Jacob Stroup. 1879-82. John C. Bolty. 1882. Clerks— James Meklrum. 1834; Daniel Shattuck, 1885; Charles F. Witt, 1838: Dan- iel P. Shattuck, 1839; Samuel P. Canfield, 1841; David Stroup. 1842; H. R. Wilder. 1849; C. P. Crittenden, 1853; Damon B. Weston, 1854-55; J. H. C. Garvin, 1856; William Gamber. 1857; Jacob Stroup, 1858-60; Cyrus B. Rice, 1861; Jacob Stroup, 1862-64; H. A. Haskin. 1865; Elisha L. Atkms. 1866-68; John Boltv. 1869; Jacob Stroup. 1870- 72; Gordon H. Wade, 1873-74; Elisha L. Atkins, 1875; Gordon H. Wade. 1876-83. Treasurers — Alucius Haskin, 1834; Daniel Miller and Charles Van Horn held the office for a nvunber of years; John Bacon. 1854; Benjamin Gamber, 1855; Dan Gid- dings, 1856-57; John Jackson, 1858-29: Havilla H. Wade, 1860-61; W^illiam Norton, 1862-63: Charles Briggs, 1864: Fred Jasmund, 1866-68: John Klokow, 1869: Aug C. Posner, 1870-77: Carl Jeungel. 1878-79; Fred Jasmund, 1880-82. C. Jeungle. Justices of the Peace — Daniel Shattuck, (Jalvin Davis. Harvey Cook. Robert P. Lewis, 1836: L. Haskins, R. P. Lewis, D. Shattuck, 1837; Sam Whitney. 1838; F. Greenleaf. 1839; J. D. Burgess. 1840; Sam P. Cantield. 1841; Elias M. Beach. Calvin Davis, Stewart Taylor. 1842; F. Greenleaf, 1843; Horace H. Cady. Calvin Davis, 1844; Jacob E. Hall, 1845; Elias M. Beach, Stewart Taylor. 1846; William McDonald, 1847; (Jalvin Davis, Havila H. Wade, 1848; Stewart Taylor, 1849; Jesse Whitney, 1850; Joseph Huntoon. Philo McDonald, 1851; Calvin Davis, 1852; Phi lo McDonald, 1853; O. Foote, 1855: Hiram Haskins, 1855; Havila H. Wade, 1855-57, Benjamin Gamber, 1857-58; E. L. Atkins, 1859; Calvin Davis, 1856; Richard Wiltes, 1860; John B. Rice. 1861; H. H. Wade, 1861-65; James Jones, 1862-66; Elisha L. Atkins, 1863; Edwin R. Eaton, 1864; Aug Wegener, 1867-68; John Kepsel, 1869; James Jones, 1870; C. F. Crittenden, 1870; E. L. Atkin.s, 1871; Charles Deitrich, 1871; Aug Wedeuer, 1872; C. P. Crittenden, Chai'les Deitrich, Leonard Shattiick, 1873; Gustave H. Strezman, 1874; Elisha L. Atkins, John Norton. 1875: Carl Jeungel. Charles Schram. 1876; Julius Drexler, 1877; G. T. Strezman, Francis Furton, John Kepsel, 1878; John C. Cady. 1879; Elisha L. At- kins, 1880; Francis Frn'ton, 1881. PHYSICAL AND STATISTICAL. The laud in Macomb Township is very level, and the soil generally very fertile and productive. It is watered by the Middle and North Branches of the Cbntou River, which afford a plentiful su]iply formilling and agricultural [>urposes. The township isasexteu- sively drained as any tuwnshij) in theci lunty .which adds mat cri ally to its agricultural facilities. In 1850, less than a decade after the organization of the township, we find the fol- lowing statistics authoritatively given: Acres of improved land, 3,187; unimproved land, 6,098; cash value of same, $97,925. Live stock — horses, 165; milch cows, 203; working oxen, 98; other neat cattle. 311; sheep. 1.248: swine. 447; value of livestock. $15,472, Agricultural products — wheat, 2,685 bushels; corn, 9,820 bushels; all other kinds of grain, 10,247 bushels; potatoes, 3,291 bushels; wool, 3,932 pounds. Dairy products — butter, 14,785 pounds; cheese, 1,450 pounds. Value of orchard produce, $285. ^ *_, ^ « •^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 709 r After the lapse of about a (jnarter of a century, the showing is as follows, in 1S74: Number of acres of improved land, 10,000; woodland, 8,004; other unimproved laud, 2.014 acres; cash value of same. $776,305. Live stock — horses, 024; milch cows, 894; working oxen, 8; other neat cattle, 524; sheep, 2,510; swine, 982; total value of same, $124,490. Agricultural products — wheat, 22,412 bu.shels; corn, 30,357 bushels: all other kinds of grain, 47,416 bushels; potatoes, 18,296 bushels; wool, 10,141 pounds. Dairy pro lucts — butter, 74,220 pounds; cheese, 500 pounds. Pork marketed, 67,113 pounds. Value of orchard produce. $3,922. Macomb has always ranked among the foremost townships in the county, in respect to agriculture. At an eai'ly day. a general influx of German citizens, of the industrious and economical class, came in. With a laudable zeal in cultivating the soil and bringing forth the best that its fertility afforded, they, in conjunction with the American farmers already in the township, succeeded in developing the resources of the township to the best l^ossible advantage. The population of the township in 1850 was 757; in 1874, it had increased to 1,-791, and. in 1880. reached 2.046. SCHOOLS. There are ten buildings devoted to education in the township. The denominational system is adopted in a few of them. In the following table, the present condition of the sshools is shown, with the exceptioa of th.^ small number of pupils reported in attendance dm'ing the year ending September. 18S1; Xo. of Uistrict. Director. | No. Pupils. Building. Value. Expenditure for 18S1. >fo. 1 District L. W. Giddings 106 Xo. 2 District .Jo.scpli Klukow 59 No. 3 District Hiram Stroup > 38 No. 10 District .luiiatlian Widrig 61 No. 1 Fractional District H. B. Hall ! 96 1 frame 1 frame I brick 1 frame 1 frame 1 frame 1 frame 1 frame 1 frame 1 frame Vo $ 250 400 1000 500 100 400 1000 600 1200 100 $6550 1 424 235 326 202 351 401 431 243 1455 247 $4315 No. 3 Fractional District ( \irl .Tu.n-rll , 188 No. 4Fraction:il DiNtrici .\ltiv.l Sirwarl 1 38 No. T Fractional District (i, nrnv S. Hall 84 No. 11 Fractional District Evandcr Chapman 44 872 J M.\COMB VILL-\GE. In 1830. a po.st office was establi-shed atid a village started under the name of Ma- comb. This spot was one of the most eligible in the cotinty, being centrally located on the Middle Br.inch of the Clinton River, nine and a half miles north of Mt. Clemens, on the railway, same distance from XJtica, on the D. & B. C. R. K., both used as shipping points, and thirty from Detroit. It has gone into premature disuse, however, the post office having been removed to Waldenburg. Frederick Jasmond was the th-st Postmaster, There is still a general store at the original site of Macomb. The jilace was started by Daniel Kniffin, Calvin Davis. Daniel Miller and Lester Giddings. E. S. Axtel was Post- master for a number of years. Among the best-known citizens of the hamlet are E. S. Axtel, Notary Public; Calvin Davis, farmer; Joseph Denel, general store; L. W. Gid- dings, farmer; A. W. Kniffin. farmer; John Longstaff, farmer; N. H. Miller, farmer; ' W. Norton, farmer. Waldenburg is a country post office m Waldenburg Township, Macomb County, six miles northwest of Mt. Clemens Court House, connected by semi-weekly mail line and .^_fc > •^ (a r- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. via which it is thirty-one miles above Detroit. Has a steam saw and planing mill and ships crrain and lumber. The population is set down at 150 in the census of 1880. Mead is a post office for a farming community of about 200 people, in this township, thirty miles from Deti-oit. eight above Mt. Clemens Court House and four north of Mil- ton, on the Grand Trunk Railway, connecting by weekly mail route; ship to New Haven on same line, about same distance. In the vicinity are two churches and a new district school. Arthur E. Collins, Postmaster. The business community is made up as follows: M. Bentley. shoemaker; George Boden. blacksmith; Arthur E. Collins, general store; Samuel Foster, blacksmith; Francis Furton, Justice of the Peace; Rev. E. W. Howe. Methodist minister; Robert Warner, Justice of the Peace; Erasmus S. Wolvin, blackmiths. The German Church organization purchased five acres of land on the corner south of Stephen Whitney's, and. in February, 18S2, commenced to erect a church and parsonage. The building will be of wood, 32x52 feet, with burying-ground adjacent. In the pages devoted to biographies are many personal notices of citizens, whose lives have been more or less identified with the history of the township. ELISHA L. ATKINS was born in Broome County. N. Y.. town of Owego, May 3, 1803; he is the son of Hezekiah W. and Mary Lewis Atkins; his father was an Irish American, born in Connecticut; his mother was born during the passage of her folks from France to America. Mr. Atkins lived in Elmira, N. Y. . until twenty years of age; had a common-school education; during this time, he learned the shoemaker's trade; he went to Bath, Steuben Co., N. Y. , and afterward traveled over several States; he was married there, September 2, 182U, to Margaret Mather, a native of Bath, Steuben County; he came to Michigan in 1831, located at Mt. Clemens, bought 104 acres of land in Clinton Town- ship, although he lived in the village most of the time; in 1832, he was appointed Justice of the Peace for Mt. Clemens, and served fifteen years; he was, while in Mt. Clemens. one of the four Justices of the Peace in the State under the constitution of 1836: in 1848. he moved to Macomb Township; the following spring, he was elected Justice of the Peace of Macomb Township, which position he has held ever since; has always voted a Democratic ticket up to ISSO, when he voted a Greenback ticket; he was Town Clerk of Macomb about six years; his wife died about lSli2, leaving four children — Maria, born 1830, in Bath, Broome County, wife of Alexander Gibson: John B., born at Mt. Clemens May 29, 1836. married Lydia Allen, residing in Council Blufls, Iowa; Charles S,, born July 15, 1838, residing in Wyoming Territory; Lucy M. . born at Mt. Clemens May 1. 1845, wife of Charles J. Harrison, residing in Wayne, Mich. On the 21st of March. 1838, he was appointed Captain of the Second Division, Fourth Brigade, Third Regi- ment, M. S. F., by Gov. Stephen F. Mason; he was Sergeant-at-Arms of the Legislature of the Territory of Michigan at Detroit. GEORGE BACON, Macomb, was boru January 1, l.S2(), in St. Lawi-ence County. N. Y. ; moved to Ohio at tiie age of seven years; lived there ten years and then removed to Michigan, and settled on school section in Washington; he moved to Section 3, Ma- comb, where he now resides; went to California in 1858; settled at Diamond Springs, El Dorado County; i-eturned home in 1862, and resumed life on the farm. He was mar- ried, July 12, 1864, to Miss Hannah M. Myers, of Macomb; she died June 20, 1874. leaving five children— William E. , born June 17, 1864; Carrie E., May 31, 1866: Alvah R.. October 17, 18()U: Minnie A.. September 5. 1871; George W.. died in infancy. Some time after the death of his first wife, he married, January 22, 1876, Jerusha Bates, of Chesterfield; her father, Alfred Bates, was born February. 17, 1S17, in New York; her mother. Laney Wright Bates, was born August, 30, 1812. Mr. Bates died December 3, 1881. Mrs. Bates died October 17, 1881. Mr. Bacon owns eighty acres of land; never h^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. sued a man; never was sued but once; in politics, he is a Republican; in religion, he is a Free Methodist, PERRY M, BENTLEY was born August 10, IS 11), in Richmond. Ontario Co,, N. Y. ; is the son of Preston D, and Sophia James Bentley; his parents were natives of Rhode Island, and. in ISIS, settled in Ontario County, N, Y. ; in 1841. they came to Michigan and settled on Section 6, Macomb Tovvnshiji. vhere the father died. April 8. 1851, aged sixty-three years: the mother afterward mai-ried Rev, Jonathan E, Davis, and died July 11), LSSO, aged eighty-seven years; in L'So'J, Mr, B, came to Michigan and took his father's farm, but bought out the interest of the other heirs, and still resides on the old homestead. He was married. May '23. 1844. to Mary, daughter of Wheeler and Han nah Reed; she was one of the family of twenty childi'en; her pai'ents wei-e natives of Ver- mont, who settled in Ontario County, N, Y,, in 17'.)0, Mi', and Mrs, B, have had six chii ren, whose record is as follows: Mar}' Augusta, Mi-s, L, F. Giddings, born March 25, 1846, in Richmond, N, Y. : died August 30, 1S81: Preston M,, born in Richmond Sej)- tember 1, 1851; Frank Reed, born in Macomb September 4, 1853; Ada M,, born in Ma- comb, January 17, 1855: Mary, born in Richmond August 10, 1850, died sis weeks after birth: Carrie, born in Richmond May 11, 1861, lives at home. All the members of the family belong to the M, E, Church, He is a Republican in politics and was Supervisor of Macomb in 1854: he has greatly improved his farm in Macomb and added fine and commodious buildings. HOR.iCE H, CADY, P, O, Mt. Clemens, formerly fi-om the First District, Macomb County, was born in Hadley, Windham Co,, Conn,, February 20, 1801, Mr, C, received a common-school education; in 1821, he emigrated t5 18 18 04 26 .53 30 77 57 30 214 33 H 90 1 00 I 09 99 29 42 49 91 3 38 $314 73 64 67 63 59 70 06 63 59 31 26 47 42 56 05 18 33 26 95 31 26 58 21 217 71 $1047 28 116 .55 $1063 83 Note— Tlie ilirect tax fcr sch.icl purposes for the year 188t-82 Wivs $:!,322.36, which added to the above makes a grand total of »4,3sei9. The taxes assessed in Richmond Township for the year 1881-8'-' are as follows: State and county taxes, $4,567.97; township tax, 1785; di-ain tax, $188.60, assessed to town, drain tax to individuals, 1167. The school district taxes and the mill tax was $3,322.36; The professions are represented by Oscar S. Bm-gess, Chauncey R. Canfield, Joseph Chubb and Addison G. Stone, lawyers; Daniel G. Gleason. O. F. Reed, Garlick, Clark, Clement L. Chandler, I. Mills and Mrs. Sarah F. Kenfield, physicians; D. M. Clark and Frank Emerson, dentists. Among the business enterprises of the village may be mentioned the egg and butter trade of Freeman & Knight. This was inaugurated in 1872, under the fii-m name of Knowlton & Freeman (John A. Knowlton and Hariiip Freeman), dealing in both butter and eggs the entire season in Western New York and in Macomb. This continued fonr years, when the New York branch was dropped, and the firm became Freeman & Doty. This continued one year, when Doty retired, and Cooper & Knight entered the firm for a term of two years.' The style of the business at present is H. Freeman & Co. in the butter branch, and Freeman & Knight, of the egg branch. The business has gi-own fi-om an annual shipment of 600 to 700 barrels to 3,000 to 4,000 barrels of eggs, and 250,000 ~® "V 4^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. pounds of butter, requiring an expenditure of $120,000 annually, and giving constant em- ])loyment to twenty-five men and five teams. They annually preserve in solution 100,000 dozen of eggs, and hold an equal quantity in cold storage. The buildings are situated on Main street, and consist of a refrigerator, a brick building 26x56, with basement; a ware- house 26x80, two stories high and basement; and have in contemplation a brick ware- house 26x40; have also a storing cellar, capable of storing 2,000 barrels, and a large re- packing cellar; also an ice-house, whose capacity is 700 tons. The Richmond Post Office was established in 1840, with Phillip Cudworth as first Postmaster. David Wai'd was appointed in 1844; Hiram Burk, in 1848; H. P. Beebe. in 18,-)!, James M. Hicks, in 1854; H. P. Beebe, in 1860; D. G. Gleasou, in 18(56; Seth Lathrop, in 1869; and H. P. Beebe, in 1872. THK li.Vl'TIST (IIU'KCII OF RI('[I.\IO.VD VILL.\GE. Previous to the year 1869, the residents of the village who were of the Baptist per- suasion worshiped in private houses, and at such times as circumstances seemed to favor. Prayer meetings were held in a small building rented by Dr. 8. F. Teall, and a Sabbath school was organized at about the same time, with seven scholars. This building is now the Lenox Post Office. The organization of the church was efi'ected June 15, 1869, with Manson Farrar, Deacon; H. F. JDou 'lass. Clerk; and D. Stewart, Treasurer; and a Board of six Trustees; Rev. Silas Finn, pastor, and a membership of twelve persons. March 1, 1870, a meeting was held preparatory to building a house of worship, which was almost immediately commenced, and was completed February 25, 1871. It was sit- uated on a lot donated for the purpose by the late Mr. Gillet. The annual meetings of the society were regularly observed till 1880, when the society re-organized under the new law. August 17, 1880, a lot was bought of Thomas Conway for $100, on which the society proceeded to erect a parsonage. This building was completed the same year, at a cost of $600. Mrs. A. W. Reed was the financial agent to raise this fund, and met with remark- able success. The society is provided with an organ, a bell, horse-sheds, and other reqiiire- ments for the good of the religious service, and is out of debt. Estimated value, $5,000. The other religious societies of Richmond are fully regarded in the general history of the county. MUMI'IIIS \'ILL.\reeeptor, for fo\u' years ; the 17th of March, 1882, he came to Richmond, Macomb Co., Mich. Dr. Clark was among the first to organize the State Homceopathic Society, and held the Chairmanship of the Board of Censors for several years; he still belongs to the above society: he has built up a large practice in this place, and has been very successful as a practitioner, and especially noted as a surgeon. He was married, January 31. 1871, to Miss Emma, daughter of Lyman Cummings. of Ontario County. N. Y. : his children are Abigail, born January 28. 1873; Bertha, May 22, 1876; Harley C, born December 1, 1881. Mrs. Clark was born in On- tario County, N. Y. , April 4. 1848. JAMI<]S W. COOPER, a merchant of Richmond Village, was liorn in Herkimer County, N. Y. , September 30, 1819, son of Fred Cooper, of New England, and Hannah Sterling, of same place. Mr. Cooper attended school in the common schools of the place: worked at the builders' trade seventeen years; in 1857, engaged in the grocery and feed business in the city of Syracuse, N. Y. . two and a half years, and returned with a loss of all he had invested; he then removed to Richmond Village and er^aged in the business of buying and selling hoops; this he made a profitable business; after three years, built a stave mill in the village, and soon after engaged in mercantile pursuits, with other men as partners at various times: tlie stave mill was destroyed by fire in 1.S70; the same business was destroyed eight years later; in 187S. He was principal in the erection of the Cooper Block in the village; the next year, in company with Theo. Miller, he erected the Cooper & Miller Block; in addition to this, he has added a fine hotel and a complete stock of dry goods, fancy goods, boots, shoes, etc., which he owns in compau_y with his son, James P. Cooper. He was married, December 1, 1 S47, to Miss Louisa B. Allen, born August 24, 1 823, in Vermont. Their children are — Alfloutta, born Jan. 1. IS")!), died Feb. 4, 185(5: Frances H., born in Oswego Feb. 23. 1N53. mai'ried and lives in Romeo: Ella, born in Oswego June 13, 1854, married and lives in Toronto; James P., born in Syracuse August 24, 1858. James P. Cooper, son of above, in company with his father in the store, was married, October 16, 1880, to Mary Stevens, daughter of William Stevens, of Riley Center; she was born Februarys, I860. Howard, born October 14. I SSI. Mi-. Cooper is still in the stave man- ufacture in company with Rapelye; is connected with the Richmond Driving Park Asso elation, and President of the same. In politics, he is a Democrat. THOMAS DAWSON was born in Lancashire. England, in the cotton manufacturing districts of that country. May 2, 1820; emigrated to Canada in 1840, where he lived near Toronto. Canada West, seventeen years, as a farmer, currier and school-teacher; was mar- ried, in Canada, October 29. 1843, to Mary Brooks, a native of Canada, and had seven children, all of whom are living, two on the homestead. Mrs. Dawson died January 27, 1878: was married again, March 23, 1S7U. to Mrs. Belinda Braddock (Champion), a j>alive of Lyme, Conn, born March 26, 1829; her first husband died in Philadelphia: second died in Bay City; removed to Michigan in February, 1857, and settled in Great ±Jer- ville, St. Clair County, where he was a farmer twelve yearc; from here he remosed to the vicinity of Romeo, where he bought the Caufield and Snover farms, near the>-lllage, wbicli he kept four years: he then sold this and purchased the Linus Gilbert f^ffm. at Memi)liis. Mich., and removed to that place, where he now lives; previous to coipring to Macomb, he was Supervisor of Grant Township seven years: also in Macomb ^ght years, except one year; was the Secretary of all committees connected with the builOiing of court house and jails of Macomb County from 1880 to 18S2. and has been a valuuble aid to them all: also owns, together with his son, the Rochester Flouriug-Mill of Oakland County: first became a voter in 1859, and has been identified with the Republican party since that time. ERASTUS DAY, SR.,born at Dalton, Mass., in August, 1780: he is the son of Daniel Day, born July 21, 1747; of Benjamin, born February 7 1709; of John, born 1677: of John Day, of Hartford, the son of Robert and brother of Thorn, j Uay, who emigrated to America in April. 1634, with his wife, Mary, and, on arriving settl^^d at Newton, now Cambridge, Mass. Erastus Day was a farmer in MassachusetU: while still young, he moved with his parents to Otsego County, N. Y. , where he was married to Lucy Willard, ol Worcester, Mass., at the close of the year 1807. In 1812, Mr. ]/>ay moved into Canada — not, how- ever, as a U. E. Loyalist, as he refused to join the Brftish, troops: he remained in Canada several years: next made his home at Lima, N. V., for a fpw years, and came to Michigan in May, 1826, locating lands on Section 26, Bruce, /where he resided until he died, July 12, 1836. His children were Erastus, now residing'; in Richmond Township: John W., a resident of Mason, Ingham County : Russell, died' at Armada June, ISSO; Dan. W., liv ing at Greenville, Montcalm County; Levi, a physician of Grandville. Kent County; Lu- cinda. who maiTied Volney Day. a resident of Kalamai;oo; and Lucy, who died at home, in New York, in infancy. i\Lr. Day's early'settjiement in Macomb is alluded to in the general history of the county, as well as in that jbf the northern townshii>s. Mrs. Day, born in August, 17S0, formerly Miss Lucy Wiilard, died in 1S55, aged seventy-five years; her remains were brought from Kalamazoo, where she was staying with her daughter, and interred in the cemetery near where she first settled in Michigan. ERASTUS DAY, Jr., son of the old settler just referred to, was born in Otsego County, N. Y., October 15, 1808; settled with his pai-ents on Grenadier Island, of the St. Lawrence River, in 1812: returned to Lima. N. Y., in 1822, and remained there until December. 1825, when he left Lima for Michigan, in company with Addison Chamberlin, Svlvanus Taft and a young physician, who located in Rochester: the trip was made overland through Canada on a sleigh, via Detroit, to a point two miles northwest of Ro- meo; tbe streams and rivers were fi-ozen, so that the incidents of s]iriug or fall travel were not experienced; the party took possession of a log shanty, built the year previous bv Capt. Oad Chamberlin and his son. who visited the place in 1824: here they made their winter's home, played cards for the privilege of cooking johnny-cake, and so amused themselves until spring-time, when they began to prepared for the coming of their fami- lies. Mr. Day, Sr., and his family, an'ived in June. 1820. and lived for two.months in the shanty erected by the Chamberlins. Mi-. Day, Jr., received a promise from his father that, if he would l)uy him a yoke of cattle, his time would be given: the proposition was accepted, and, to perform his part, he entered the employ of Capt. Chamberlin at ipU per month, and, after a period of seven months, a yoke of oxen was given him, which was equivalent to his jiay for that time, which oxen he delivered to his father. Before he at- tained the age of twenty -one, he purchased a yoke of steers and eighty acres of land locat- ed north of Almont, together with the oxen presented to his father, all resulting from his own labors. After his term of employment with Capt. Chamberlin was concluded, he chopped fifteen acres of land in the neighborhood of John Mellen's residence, at Romeo, ami previously took an important part in clearing the site of that village; he purchased an eigiw^-acre lot north of St. Clair street and east of the railroad, of which he cleared lift.H-n acres, in ii'4l: this land he sold, and bought 150 acres now known as the Thomp- son lovm, Whlteh t- "Id: in 183H, he purchased 165 acres on Section 18, Armada, where L • built th. ? in the northern sections of that township, now occupied by George M i.rner: cl :ty he owned until March 17, 187U, when he sold it to the pres- ent occupant. Mc^^^*. was married to Mi-s. Catherine Donaldson Smith, widow of Alan- son Smith, of Men^*". Genesee Co., N. Y. ; the ceremony was performed at Romeo, by Rev. Luther Shaw, Tt bruary 6. 1838, in the old Hoxie log house; to this marriage two daughters were born- -Lucy, who married Levi W. Crawford, and who is now a resident of Stanislaiis County, Cal.; and Mary, married James Palmer, died January 31, 18()0. Mrs. Day died October 17, l835. For his second wife he married Betsey Day, daughter of Capt.' Han-y Day, of Erie County, Penn., September 13, 1836; to them six children wore born, throe of whom are Hiring— John E..born January 11, 1838; Malvina, born May 22. 1839: and Nancy, S^ptembsf 1, 1851. The former resides in Richmond Township; Malvina married F. L. Beckwith, is now a resident of Oakland, Cal. ; Nancy married L. B. Vandecar. of Isabella County. Of the children deceased, Harry was drowned May 27, 1S44: Sarah died in infancy in l.'~i43; and Martha died August 30, 1873. During the trying years fi'om 1864 to 186(), he was Supervisor of Armada; has been Justice of the Peace from 1839 to 1872: was the fi'rst Assessor of the town in 1S34: he has filled many other town offices, and has taken a very important place in the building up of the north- ern townships for the last fift}- -seven years; also served as Captain of the Independent Rifle Company of Macomb in the Toledo war, and succeeded in drawing one month's 2)ay; previous to this war. he served in the itnil'.tary commands of his county, and was promoted gradually until the period when peace 'yeas declared between Ohio and Michigan, when he was mustered out. Mrs. Day taught ;bcLoo1 in Erie County, and, after coming to Ma- comb, in 1835. taught the first school dn District No. 8 of Ai-mada. Mi-, and Mrs. Day belong to the Congregational ChuVch, aixd are Republicans. JOHN E. DAY. son of Erastus Dpv. Jr.. was born in Armada Township Januai-y 7^^ — ^ ■=^^.^4^^ '^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 4^ 11. 1838; from that time until 1865. he resided with his parents, devoting his attention to agriculture and education: he attended the district school until 1855. when he went to the Romeo Academy, under Daniel B. Briggs. and continued to study until 1859. From this period until 18()5. he was engaged on the farm; in August of the latter year, he en- tered into partnership with Alex. Shelp. and opened a carriage, wagon and fanu imple- ment factor}- at Romeo, which proved very successful, and would doubtless have continued to advance had not the tirns of July, 1867, destroyed the building, machinery and stock; the tirm rebuilt and established the factory, which was operated until February, 1868, when J. E. Day sold his interest to Milton H. Thomson, receiving in consideration the tract of ninety-two acres known as the Thomson faim, in Ray Township; for the succeed- ing six years, Mr. Day carried on this farm, until its sale to A. H. Shelp in 187-1; in 1875. he removed back to the homestead in Armada, and lived there until March, 187U, when he located on the James Flower fai-m. Section 30, Richmond Township. Mi\ Day's connection with the schools of Armada and Richmond is of the happiest chavactor; he was elected School Inspector in 1859; held that office continuously until the Inspectorship was abolished; in 1877, he was elected Township Supervisor of Schools, which position he now holds: in 1876, was elected Secretary of the Sunday School Association, Macomb, and Secretary of the Macomb County Pioneer Society in 188t). Mr. Day has held the office of Secretary of the Historical Society, Union Farmers" Club, and Director of the County Agricultm-al Society. With the spirit born of education, he has taken a deep interest in the history of his native county, and has for a niimber of years contributed interesting historical sketches to the press of Michigan, as well as to the archives of the State Pioneer Society. Since 1877, he has been associated v/ith the press of the county. He was mairied. December 30, 1861, by Prof. John Morgan, D. D. . to Miss Sarah C. Judson. daughter of Isaac Judson. of Oberlin. Ohio, bom at Wakeman. Hui-on Co., Ohio, October 23, 1842; they have three childi-en — Nellie M.. born Januaiy 6, 1867; Erastus, May 25, 1868; and Fanny, June 4. 1872; a fourth child. Flora D.. born October 7, 1862, died June 19, 1865. Isaac Judson, father of Mrs. Day. is a native of Connecticut, born at Woodbury in 1797. Mr.s. Judson was also a native of Connecticut, who settled iu Hu- ron County. Ohio, with her family, about the year 1831; she died Seplemder 21. 1851, aged forty-foiu- years. Mr. Judson is a tine type of the old Puritan stock — lirm in the orthodox faith, a strong advocate of temperance, and anti-slavery in politics. Both Ml', and Mrs. Day are members of the Congregational Church of Armada, and are Repub- lican in politics. BENJAMIN F. DOTY, son of Elias and Zeviah ( Jayne) Doty, was born in Oakland County, town of Rose, January 14, 1852; spent his early life on a farm in Oakland County; he engaged in breaking up new land, it not being in condition for culture; he attended the public schools of the neighborhood, and entered the Union School at Fentonville at the age of sixteen; then attended the Detroit Commercial College, received his diploma in 1871. and, the following year, engaged in the store of Cooper. Heath & Co., Richmond. Mich., as book-keeper, until 1879; he erected a store in the Cooper Block, and tilled it with a new stock of boots and shoes and groceries; soon after, entered into partnership with C. S. Knight in the diy goods line; this continued one year; at this time, he bought the interest of his partner, and continued in the trade alone; he has two stores devoted to the business, and keeps a fine stock and desirable goods; aside from this, he conducts, in company with Theodore Miller, a clothing store in the Miller Block since 1880. He was married. June 11, 1874, to Miss Marilla H. Gleason, daughter of Mathias Gleason, of Pennsylvania; she was born December 19, 1850, at Townville; Edna, born March 26, 1878. Her father was a soldier of the rebellion; served two years, and was discharged at 4!l :V* HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. liL the close of the war; her grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution; in politics, a Republican. ALFRED A. DRESSER, son of George Dresser, was torn in Canada October 10. 1S62; his father moved to Macomb, settling on Clay street, Richmond Township, where he died in ISTl!. The subject of this sketch attended the schools of the neighborhood; is a persevering student, a constant reader, and a young man of good habits and princijiles. MRS. RACHEL DRESSER, widow of Geoi-ge Dresser, was born in Canada Decem- ber 3. 1845; she is the daughter of William McLane. of Canada; she was married in Can- ada, and removed to Macomb in 18(58, settling on a farm on Clay street, on Section 3".!. where she still resides; her childi'en are Robert V.. boru January 1^3, 1869; William, born March !:!8, 1871: and a step-son. Alfred A. Dresser, born October 10, l8r)2. She conducts the farm of eighty acres; she has, by good management, provided herself with all the comforts of life. In form of worship, she is a Baptist. Her husband died Februarv H). 1876. MRS. CHESTER L. DUDLEY (Lydia Leete Carman) was born in Cxreene County, N. Y., June 18, 1816; came to Memphis with the Carman family in 185-4; she had been a teacher of young ladies in New Jersey. She was married, August 29, 1866, to Chester L. Dudley, at Almont. Lapeer County and removed to Memphis in 1867, where Mr. Dud- ley died June 24, 1879. Mrs. Dudley is a member of the Congregational Chm'ch of the village and a worker in the Sabbath school and in society. Mr. Dudley was born in Berk- shire Mass, July 4, 1806; came to Michigan and settled in Memphis in 1855; he was a prominent man in all the interests of the society, village and township. SHERMAN S. EATON, son of William and Hannah P. Shattuck, was born in Jef ferson County, N. Y.. September 25. 1822; his parents were natives of New Hampshire: they moved from New Hampshu-e to the State of New York in the year 1818. and settled in Jefferson County, where Sherman was born; they moved from there to Niagara County. New York, in 1827; the father died in Tomjikins County, N. Y.. in 1845; the mother died in 1850. in Essex, Essex Co.. N. Y. Sherman, when but a boy. commenced working in a woolen factory at Burlington. Vt. . in the year 1833: he and his mother then renioved to the head of Lake Champlaiu, on the place now known as 'Whitehall; ho then com- menced to di'ive on the tow-path oa the Erie Canal, aad rose fi-om the position of driver to that of Captain in the year 1845: ia the meantime, he had acquired some skill in the art of molding, and. in the year 1846. on the 12th day of June, he arrived in Michigan and worked two and a half years for Dexter Mussey as a molder; he then started in busi- ness for himself in a small foundry at Armada; he succeeded in accumulating some prop- erty there, and, in the year 1852, he removed to the village of Memphis. Macomb County: when he came to Memphis, there was but one shop, a blacksmith, which was kept by William Betts, and a small store; the first year, Mr. Eaton was obliged to go to Ai-mada for supplies to live upon; he continued his bixsiness. which proved a success, and it is now a leading enterprise in the village. His wife, Eliza, was the daughter of Andrew Conklin, of Herkimer Coimty. N. Y., and was born May 14, 1827; they had two sons and two daughters, only one of whom is living — Emeroy, born March K), 1862. Mrs. Eaton died JanuiU-y 15, 1868, at Memphis. He was married again, November 24, 1869, to Miss Katie A., sister of the former wife. He has held important offices in the township and society: he belongs to the enterprising, industrious class of citizens. Politically, he is a member of the Republican party. WILLIAM F. FENNER,"son of Turner Fenner, of Connecticut, was born January 27, 1803, in Onondaga County, N. Y. ; he moved to the township of Washington about 1N36. and located a farm there; this he sold in 1853 and removed to Richmond Town ship, settling on Section 14, on a farm of 160 acres; also owned 120 acres close by. He ~i> ^V was married, in New York State, to Emily Amesbtiry, and had a family of live children, all at home. His wife died, and he afterward married Betsey Martin Graves, a native of Western New York. Cayuga County; she was born December 24. 1800. Of the last fam- ily, there were three children, only one of whom is living. Mrs. Fenner died May .^0, 1880. Mr. Fenner is still living, at the age of seventy-nine years. FRANK W. FENNER, son of W. Fenner. was born in the township of Washington May ly, 1848; at the age of live years, his parents moved to the township of Richmond, where he attended school in the neighborhood, and at Memphis, under the tuition of Clark Hail, and gave his attention to farming; he succeeded to the ownership of the homestead, and was married, September 30, 1874, to Miss Frank E. Ambrose, daughter of Thomas Reed, of Moni'oe County, Mich. ; she was born May 31, 1850: they have one adopted child, Edna, born March 31, 1874. Mr. Fenner is an intelligent and prosperous farmer, making the raising of horses a specialty. He was elected Treasurer tjf the township of Richmond in 1881, which office he still holds. Politically, he is a Republican; religiously, he is a Baptist. The relatives on the mother's side were soldiers in the Revolution. DANIEL FLAGLER was born in Albany County, N. Y., May 14, ISU; he is the son of John and Gertrude Bogart Flagler; are natives of Dutchess County, N. Y. In 1835, Ml-. Flagler moved to Canada, and, in the fall of 1836, came to Ar-mada, Mich. In April, 1838. he settled on his farm on Section 31. Richmond Township, where he haf since resided. He was married. May 2. 1835. to Serena Smith, a native of Albany Count}', N. Y. The record of their seven children is as follows: George, born May 30. 1836. died October 24, 1836: Alonzo, born May 16, 1838, married Jane Lemon and lives in Oak- land County, Mich. : Myron, born August 14, 1840. was killed at the battle of Murfrees- boro in 1862; Emma E.. born May 7, 1845. married Carleton N. Brown and resides in this township; Henrietta, born July 1. 1849; Winfield. born October 29. 1850, married Mary A. Thomas and resides at Y'^ellow Springs. Ohio; Louisa, born October 9, 1852, married Timothy P. Tiu-ner and resides on the homestead. Mr. Flagler has been a Re- publican since the organization of the party; he has served several successive years as Su- pervisor of the townshij). and has been Ju.stice of the Peace for twelve years. In 1840, he joined the Union Church, and afterward connected himself with the Christian society. CHARLES S. GILBERT, son of Isaac and Rhoda A. (Sage) Gilbert, was born at Memjjhis January 13, 1842; his father, a native of Massachusetts, was born in 1810; the mother was born in Connecticut in 1811; both are living at Ypsilanti. Mich. Charles Gilbert spent his early life on the farm on which he was born: attended schook at the vil- lage, and was married, in 18G6, December IX, to Matilda Pierce, daughter of Isaac C. Pierce, a native of England, where Mrs. Gilbert was born February 13, ISSU. Their chil- dren are as follows; Leah, born January 31, 1868; Lilie. born April II, 18(19; Burton I., born July 5, 1870; Halmer, born November IN, 1871; Jessie, born November 4, 1873: Emma, born July 26. 1875; Georgiana. born February 2(1. 1877. Mr. Gilbert received a portion of the homestead farm, situated just south of the village of Memphis, on which he has resided since that time, having made many improvements upon it; a Congregation- alist in worship, and a Republican in politics. Mrs. Gilbert received her primary educa- tion at the schools of St. Clair City, and entered the Albion Female College in 1S57, and remained two yeai's; on leaving the school, she engaged as teacher of the public schools, a calling in which she had previously been engaged; she taught in all nineteen terms. and always with satisfaction to pupils and patrons; she has for many years been a member of the Congregational Chiu'ch of the village. Mr. G. enlisted in Company E. Fifth Cavalry, and serve! seven months; discharged on account of an accident. DR. DAVID G. GLEASON, son of Joseph Gleason and Margaret (Francisco), na- tives of Vermont, was born in Allegany County, N. Y. , September 26, 1825; the family A moved into the State of Pennsylvania in 1834; stayed nine years, then removed to Liv- ingston County, N. Y., where David attained majority; studied at Middlobury Academy and at Birmingham, Mich. ; stndied medicine, and began pi-actice in the township of Chestertield, Macomb Couuty, in 1S4S; continued the practice at this place seventeen yeai's, then removed to the village of Richmond, bought a piece of land on Main street and built a house and store, and, sis years after, bought the farm known as the Norton fiU'm, a little north of the village, which he conducts, together with his ju'actice; at the time of the pm'chase of the fai'm, he was engaged in the business of general store, a black- smith shop and a livery stable, besides his practice of medicine, thus making business to thrive antl giving employment to a large number of people;- he afterward, in 1N69, built the first In'ick block in the village, which he still owns; he was one of the originators of the cheese factjry in the village, and owns one-third of the same; in 1878, he, in company with Lathrops, built the second block, making three stores owned by Gleason; one of these lie occupies as a drug store, aud the other two are rented. He was married. January 27, 1851. to Miss Lucretia Mathews, daughter of Charles B. Mathews, of Chestertield, native of Oswego County, N. Y. ; she was born in Chestertield February 24. 1886 : Elmer P. , born February 18, 1855; Ella, born February IN, 1S55 (a twin), died May fi. 1858; Allie, born June 6. 1ISG2. Mrs. Gleason" s people were pioneers of Chesterfield, having moved to that township and erected a large log hotel, which was on the first Gratifit Tiu'npike. just then bein^ built; this was made the point at which the Indians of that locality received their annual appropriations from the Government, and was often the scene of much ex- citement. Mr. Mathews died May 5, ISfiiJ. at the age of sixty-sis; his wife died in 1878, aged seventy years; both died at the Doctor's house, in Richmond. In politics, the Doc- tor is a Democrat. DR. FRED M. GARLICK. son of Horace and Nancy (House), was born at Detroit. Mich., June 15, 1849; he received his primary education at Romeo, under the tuition of D. B. Briggs, and at Aj'mada; entered the Medical Dejiartment of the University of Mich- igan in 1869; graduated from the Detroit Medical College June 28, 1871, and entered upon the practice of medicine at Waterford, Oakland Co. . Mich., one year; thence removed to Armada, where he remained about three years; from there to Port Sanilac, where he remained till 1881, when he took np his residence in Richmond, where he is still in the ju'actice. On leaving Waterford. the citizens of that place presented him a paper express- ing confidence aud esteem in the ability and worth of the Doctor as a citizen and a physi- cian, and r«grets for his leaving them, and expressing a hope of a return to that place; this was signed by more than fifty of the citizens of the village; letters of a like character are in receipt by the Doctor from other places where he has lived. He was married. May 20, 1872. to May Bentley. daughter of E. R. Bentley; she was born at Marcellus. this county. Sejstember 13. 1852; children as follows: May E.. born June 6. 1873; Edwin H.. born in Sanilac June 24, 1877, died November 7, 1N79; Edith M., born in Sanilac June 12, 1879; Fred B , born March 1, 1881. Mr. Garlick is a young man of energy aud skill in his practice; a member of the Detroit Academy of Medicine; in belief, a Con- gregationalist. and in politics, a Republican. OKRAN GRANGER, son of Thaddens and Julia E. (Manly), was born in Akron, Ohio, August 2(), 1823; his father was born in Sandisfield. Mass.; moved to Ohio about 1810. and died in 1826; the mother, a native of same place, died in Memphis Village in 1866. The subject of this sketch was a carriage-painter, having learned that business in Ohio; left the business and the State in 1848. arriving in Memphis in July of that year, and engaged in mercantile trade two years, then was a traveling salesman eight years, at which time he again engaged in trade, in company with his brother Lewis, three years; then engaged in the same line of ti'ade alone, in which he is still employed; the business has HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. grown from an investment of $500 to $12,000. He was married. July 19. 1840. to Miss Harriet Rose, of Cuyahof^a Falls, born in September. 1823: CTOorge M. . born Jnly 19. 1841. living in Detroit; Charles W. . AugiTst 1 5. 1843. living in Chicago. Mrs. Granger died in 1847. Mr. Granger was married again. October 4. 1S49. to Sarah A. Ashly, daughter of David Ashly. of Vermont; she was born November 14. 1828; Isabella, boru July 17. 1850, died September 12, 1850; Herbert A.. February 23. 1852, died May 12, 1853; Carrie A. Granger, born October 2. 1854. living at Memphis; and an adopted child. C. Gus. born June 18, 1865. An officer in village and in society: a member of the Masonic fraternity; a Republican in politics, and prominently identified with the improvements of the village. DANIEL HALL, son of Benjamin and Beulah (Fowler) Hall, born in North Guil- ford. New Haven Co., Conn.. October 26. 1807. His gi-andfather, William Hall, came from England in 1699. in company with one Thomas Norton, and Grace, his wife, and settled on the present site of North Guilford. His mother. Beulah Fowler, was of Dutch descent. Daniel Hall was married, in December. 1831. to Sarah D.. daughter t f Jeny Norton, of Ohio; she was then visiting friends in Connecticut. In the following spring, the young couple went out to Ohio; here their eldest sou. Edward W.. was born; also two childi'en who died in infancy. After a four-years' stay in Burton, Ohio, they moved to Macomb County and settled on land taken from the Government, cutting a road one and a half miles to reach the place. Mr. Hall immediately began to develop the new farm and make his home; on this place the family still reside; shortly after coming to Michi- gan, they lost another infant child; their other childi'en were as follows: Daniel Web- ster, born in North Cxuilford, Conn., while his parents were there on a visit, now deceased; Eunice, died at the age of seven years; Adaline. born May 30, 1840, married T. Ward and lives at Richmond Village; Emma, born January 24. 1843. married Ransom Odeon, now living at Romeo; Cai'oline. born August 16. 1848, married Charles Mills and lives in Richmond Townshij); Joseph A. and Benjamin R.. twins, born March 20, 1851; the for- mer lives on the homestead, and the latter on a farm adjoining. The first school in this part of the town was kept in a part of Mr. Hall's house, partitioned off by a blanket; this school is referred to in the general history. The parents of Mrs. Hall were pioneers of Ohio, and moved to Macomb County in 1835; her father died in Ohio in 1866, and her mother in Macomb in 1875. Mr. Hall died January 22. 1880; Mrs. Hall still lives on the home farm, at the age of seventy-three; she has been a member of the M. E. Chm-ch for forty-eight years. Webster, son of Mi'. Hall, enlisted in the Fifteenth Michigan Volun- teer Infantry in the late war; served four years, and was honorably discharged; retiu'ned to his home, married and gathered around him a family and many of the comforts of life; he was killed by a threshing machine in 1875. In the fall of 1860. the family suffered loss by lire; the dwelling house ami much of its contents were bm'ued: the next summer they built the present residence; the situation is one of the most pleasant, and the farm a very fertile one. When the cemetery at Richmond was laid out. thirty years ago. Mr. Hall was the first sexton, and acted in that capacity for three years; since then, his son, Edward W. Hall, has been the. sexton — a period of twenty-seven years. JOHN HICKS, one of the old settlers of Macomb County, was born in Ontario County, town of Bristol. N. Y. . October 15. 1803; his father. Otis Hicks, was a native of Attle- boro, Mass. ; his mother, Betsey Dunham, was a native of the same place. Otis Hicks be- came sixteen years of age just in time to enlist for the defense of the courts of his native town from the Hays men, who had bunded to prevent the sitting of the courts. The family are descended from three brothers, who were Pilgrims, and arrived from England soon after the landing of the Mayflower; was engaged as a farmer in New York; moved to Michigan in 1836, amving in Macomb in May of that year; the *amily arrived in the fol- A J^l HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. lowing autnmn: started from Detroit the 12th day of October, with a team hired for- the purpose, at the rate of iST per day; the journey required three days, and, when within one- half mile of the end of the jom'ney, the driver upset the wagon and left the goods in the woods, refusing to load them up again; the load consisted of the household efi'ects of the famil}', the wife and three children, who went on foot most of the way. Mr. Hicks located on eighty acres of land on Section ;55. in Richmond, one-half of which is now covered by the village of Richmond. He was married, December 1, 1885, to Catherine Emmons; she was born in Northumberland, Saratoga Co., N, Y., December 1, 1804: have had nine .children, six of whom died young, and three — James M. Hicks, born August 17, 1830; Eliza A. Hancock, November 20, ISH'I; Ophelia Corbin, Januaiy 14. 1846. Mr. Hicks has lived in the village of Richmond since 1836, except eleven years spent in Aimada Township; he has aided in the development of the county, and seen it emerge from the wil- derness to the fruitful land; was a member of the Christian Church in Bristol, and trans- ferred his relations from that to the same church here; Democrat; voted first for Jackson. Mrs. Hicks died November 'II. 1875. JOHN M. JOHNSON was born in County York. Ontario. April 28. 1845, where his people were farmers; moved to Macomb County in March, 1868, and settled on a farm, March, 1869, Section 3. Richmond Township, known as the old Feuton farm, where he remained ten years; thence to Richmond Village March 8. 1879, and engaged in the fur- niture and undertaking business, which he is still engaged in; was married, February 7, 1869, in Canada, to Mary A. Baker, who died May 20, 1877; was again married, May 6, 1879. to Josie S. Gilbert, daughter of Lines Gilbert, of Memphis; she was born Septem- ber 15, 1843; they had no children. Mr. Johnson is at Richmond, still in the same line of trade, and merits the patronage of the vicinity in which he lives; in politics, he is a Republican. ALONZO M. KEELER, sou of John and Mary M. (Fellows) Keeler, natives of Mon- roe County, N. Y., she of Schoharie County; the father was born March 16, 1802; the mother, November N, 1806; they moved to Washington Township in 1826 and settled on Section 35; lived on his farm until 1854, then moved to Disco, where he still resides; they have been prominent in the development of the new country, and have been perhaps the onh' ones of the new settlers left to each other's company. Mr. Alonzo Keeler received the elements of his education in the schools of the neighboi'hood where he lived, which was further pursued at Rochester, Mich., and at Oberlin. Ohio; at the age of twenty-one, he began life as a teacher; taught his first school in the Brindle Schoolhouse, and after- ward took the Priucipalship of the Disco Academy from 1850 to 1856. then went to Roch- ester and taught one year, when he returned and taught two years in Utica. Mr. Keeler taught the first school in the old brick school building in tHica Village, and then the last one. and also taught the first term in the new building. August 7, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Twenty-second Michigan Volunteer Infantry; raised a company of 115 men in five days, and took them into camp; on the mustering in, Mr. Keeler was elected Cap- tain, was taken prisoner at Chickamauga, and remained a prisoner at Libby and Macon, Ga., one and a half years; was one of the 600 under fire at Charleston; on release fi-oin prison, went to parole camp, and entered active service May 15, 1865; was promoted, -Ian. ]. 1865, to Major, and afterward to brevet Lieut. Colonel and brevet Colonel; was mustered out July 12, 1865; retiu-ned home and began teaching again; he was elected Register of Deeds for the county in 1868 one term; during this time and immediately afterward, he pre- pared an abstract of the county — a costly and very valuable work; in April. 1875. he re- moved to the village of Richmond and engaged as the Principal of the Armada Public School, in which place he has since been engaged. He was married, December 31, 1849, to Miss Lucy A., daughter of Chauneey Church; she was born in Vermont March 7, 1831, V Ml HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. and they have had six children— A. Martin, born December 19, 1850; Flora L., born April 12, 1852: John C, born February 22, 1859: Ezra Bruce, born December 25. 18(50: Ella B., born November 6, 18G2; Henry A. born November 4, 1867. Mr. Keeler and wife have been members of the M. E. Church for the past thirty- hve yeara: he has been an officer in the same, a leader in th-^ choir, and the Superintendent of the Sunday school, and Trustee in the society; vras appointed Collector of the Fifth District under Andrevp John- son, and would not subscribe to "'my policy;" the nomination was not confirmed: has alwavs been a Republican since the war, and was a Democrat before. ROBERT KNIGHT. He is the son of Edward and Elizabeth, daughter of L. Worth, of New Hampshire: was born in Stafford. N. H.. June 1. 1806; moved at an early age to Vermont, where he lived until the death of his pai'ents, when he removed to Orleans County, N. Y., where he was married, in 1828, to Cloe Wage, of Saratoga County, N. Y. : they have one son, Charles S. Mrs. Knight died in Orleans County in August, 1884; married again, April 14, 1835, to Miss Lois R. Chase, of Addison County. Vt., Ijorn De- cember 2, 1815. Soon after the second marriage. Mr. Knight took his wife and son, and, in company with a brother and brother-in-law and their families, i-emoved to Michigan, arriving in Macomb County in the fall of 1835, and located a farm in Chesterfield Town- ship, on Section 15; built a log shanty, with shake i-oof and split basswood for a floor, and a quilt for door and windows, and thus began life in the new county: he sold this farm and bought another near by which he still owns, and on which a son is still living. In 1878, Mr. Knight left the farm and removed to the village of Richmond, where he still resides: has had a family of eight children, four of whom ai'e living in the county. Mr. Knight was an officer in the early history of Chesterfield, active in building roads and in the improvement of the place: tu'st a Whig, and afterwai'd a Republican. CHARLES KNIGHT, son of Robert Knight, a native of New Hampshire, and Cloe Wage Knight, of New York, was born in Orleans County in April. 1821); removed with his father's family to Macomb County in 1885: lived with his father's family until mar- riage, which took place Mav 4. 1S5V), to Miss Helen C. Haskin; she was born August 26, 1840, and died November 17, 18f)6; they had one child, Mary E., born July 29, 1862; mar- ried again. May 7, 1868. to Mrs. Maggie G. Hotchkiss; she was born October 26, 1834, and died October 2, 1873: their children are Addie L., born February 27, 1869, died April 13, 1871: Gleason C, September 22, 1873. died November 12, 1873; married again, February 18, 1875, to Abbie J. Crittenden; she was born November 17. 1.S36; she is the daughter of Levi Crittenden, of Massachusetts, who moved to Oakland County in an early day; her grandfather was a participant of the Revolution. After marriage, Mr. Knight engaged in farming until 1S65, when he removed to Richmond Village and engaged in merchandise at that village and at White Lake, Oakland Co., Mich., where he remained two years; he engaged in this business, together with the stave and heading business, with Cooper some years: in 1879, sold this store and engaged in the butter and egg business, under the firm name of Freeman & Knight, in which he is at present engaged. Mr. Knight has been a member of the Congregational Church eleven j'ears. and is now Deacon of the church of that faith in Richmond Village: is also Superintendent of the Sabbath school, and u'as an officer of the township of Chesterfield : always been a Republican. SETH LATHROP. son of Edward and Emma Andrews Lathrop, was boi-n July 1, 1818, at West Springfield, Mass.; arrived m Macomb County in 1837: lived in Armada until 1842, where he was engaged in farm labor principally until 1846. then built the Lathrop stoi-e; in company with Charles, engaged in the mercantile business until 1S(;2, when he moved to Richmond and engaged in the same business, in which he is still en- gaged. He was married, December 24. 1849, to Polly, dauc^hter of Richard Walker; she was born in New York April 1. 1827, and died July 18. 1854: they had two children — IIISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. died in iufancy. He was married again, in ISaG. to Lydia C. McAllister, daughter of George McAllister, of New Hampshire; she was born in Rockingham County. N, H. , March U], 18;i2: Alice E., born March 27. 1851); Seth D., born February 3, ISrU; an infant. September 28, ISft-t; Emma J., January 20, 18(')8; Clarence Eugene, March 7. 1870. died March S, 1873; Mary E. , October 4, 1873. IVIr. Lathrop was for many years a prominent member of the Congregational Church and the Superintendent of the Sunday school at Armada Village, and, after moving to Richmond, took a prominent jiosition in the Congregational society at that place. Mrs. Lathrop is a leader in the temperance cause, and belongs to the Sabbath school of the place. Mr. Lathroj) owns a large farm just at the outskirts of the village, and has erected a line residence on Main street. He is a Republican. Mrs. Lathrop's relatives were engaged in the war of the Revolution. THOMAS A. LEACH, .son of f!apt. Thomas Leach and Electa (Abbot) Leach: his father was a wealthy Captain on the lakes; he owned vessels on Lake Ontario, one of which he was Master of several years; he at last left the scenes of the lakes and returned to a farm in Oakville, Ontario, where he died in 1848. His mother was born in Toronto, whose ancestors were jiioneers of the city of Toronto, Canada, and whose farm is now in- closed in the city limits; she is still living in this county. The subject of this sketch was born in Oakville, Ontario, November 14, 1847; attended the schools of his native town, and removed thence to Buffalo, N. Y. ; at the age of eighteen, had a position as clerk in a retail store in that city, where he remained two years; while in this store, he was asso- ciated with first-class bnsiness, whei-e he received a thorough biisiuess education; then purchased a store and embai'ked in the same line of trade for him.selE, in which he met with remarkable success for eight years; he sold his entire stock and removed to the village of Richmond. Macomb County, where he established himself in the produce and commis- sion business, being the fii'st to establish a cash market for all kinds of produce, dealing heavily in all kinds of fruit, potatoes, butter, eggs, etc.; this was continued two years, then adding to tht) business the grocery trade, including the stock {)m'chased of Bui-gess Bros. ; he soon found his trade too large for his rooms; he pm-chasod the large stock of grocery and crockery ware of Cooper & Son, and entered into business in the store known as Cooper Block; remained at the place one and a half years, then sold his entire stock, in- tending to go out of the grocery trade; soon after, changing his purpose, he bought the stock of S. H. Heath, and added to it fine groceries, crockery and glasswai'e, in which he still continued, together with the jjroduce business. He was married, April 1'5, 1878, to Emily J. Day, daughter of Capt. Augustus Day and Julia A. (Miner), of Detroit, Mich. ; she was born in Detroit October l(j, 184il; attended the jjublic schools of that city until 18(51, then entered the Detroit Female Seminary and remained until 1871, graduating with high honors; one child. Norwood A., born February 27, 1880. Previous to his mai'riage, Mr. Leach had purchased a house and lot in the village, and, soon after, bought a farm of forty aci'es near the village, which his mother now occupies; he is an energetic, ag- gressive man, and is gaining a very extensive trade; he is a member of the Knights of Honor, and also Free and Accepted Masons, and has held all the oflices couferable by the lodge; he is a Repulilican in politics; he was elected Trustee of the village by a large majorit\, which office he now holds. RICHARD MKLLENS. THEODORE MILLER, son of Caleb Miller and Almica ^Nhitcomb, was liorn in 1842, July 11. Orleans County, N. Y. ; his father arrived in 184(), bought a farm on Sec- tion 34, in Richmond, which he kept one year, then moved to Section 20, on the Ridge, and bought a farm now owned by the family; in 1860, built a founchy and plo\" factory, in which he gained a wide reputation; in 18(58, added a grist-mill, rim by steam-power; in 1874, moved the founcky to Richmond Village; in 1878, sold the mill, when the busi ^ ness was all taken to the village. Mr Miller died at the farm, in July, 1878. The sub- ject of this sketch was married, October 5. 1868, to Ellen, daughter of Shephard Smith, who was born June 20, 1838. Mr. Theodore Miller removed to the village of Richmond in August. 1873, and engaged in the manufacture of agi'icultui'al implements; erected his house, and, in 1878, erected one-third of the Cooper Block, and placed there a complete stock of hardwai'e— the best-fiu'uished stock in the place, with which his brother is in company; the following season, in company with James W. Cooper, built the Cooper & Miller Block, on the west side of Main street, in which he, with B. F. Daty, have a cloth- ing store; the manufacture of implements is still carried on, and is an important branch of industry in the village. He has three children — Adelbert, thirteen years: Nellie, eleven years; and Annie, eight j'ears. JOHN A. PATON, son of John and Margaret Wilson Paton, natives of Scotland, was born near Amherstbui'g, Ontario. March IL', 1849; came to Macomb County with his parents when fifteen years old; they settled on Section 12, Armada Township; he worked rented land mostly for about seven years after attaining his majority, and, in the spring of 1870, he bought the farm he now occupies, on Section 3'2, Richmond Township, and afterward added to it. Mr. Paton was married. March 2G, 1878, to Maggie A., daughter of David Paton, of Lapeer County; they have two children — Charlotte, born January 17, 187U; and Florence E., born October 13, 18S1. Mr. Paton is a farmer of great energy and has made the raising of tine cattle and draught horses a prominent branch of his busi- ness; he has also a large Hock of sheep, and will in the futm'e enlarge upon this branch; he has also fifteen acres oE apple orchard of the most choice varieties. Mi\ Paton and wife are members of the Congregational Church. He is a Republican, and votes for hon- est temperance men. BARTLETT PERKINS, son of George and Rebecca S. (Goddard) Perkins, was born at Albany, N. Y., January S. 1828; came to Macomb with parents in May, 1831. and lo- cated at Romeo, where he woi'ked for N. D. Taylor; he moved to Richmond Township February 8, 1830, where his father died. Bartlett Perkins resided on a portion of the homestead lands until 1871), when he moved to the village of Richmond. He was married, in January, 1853. to Amanda A. Ellenwood, of Jeflfert-on County, N. Y. : two childi-en were born to them— Franklin L.. October 2U, 1853, died February 3. 1865; and Eddie B. ,born September 13. INOO. Mrs. Perkins died July 10, 1870. Mr. Perkins married Mi-s. J. L. Barnard (Sutton), born at Stratford, N. Y., September 23, 1833, to whom three children were born, one of whom is living. Mr. Perkins has always been a successful farmer, and a member of the Republican party. CHARLES H. PERKINS, son of George and Rebecca S. Goddard Perkins, was born in Richmond Township, Section 28, May 25. 1840; the parents were natives of Plymouth, Mass.; came to Macomb County in May. 1831. stopping in Romeo for five years; he bought eighty acres of land west of the village; also built a house and shop, where he carried on the cooper's trade; from the village of Romeo he moved to the Township of Richmond and bought land on Section 28. where Charles now resides; their house was two miles from the neighbors, and several of the elections were held there. The father died August 20, 1876, at the homestead; the mother still lives, at the age of eighty-one yeare. Mr. Charles H. Perkins has always lived on his farm, and was maiTied. January 5, I860, to Miss Adelaide Selleck. daughter of Ira Selleck, of New York State; they have four chil- dren, viz.: Emma J., born November 15, 1860; Mary E., born July 21. 1862; Nora L., born August 6, 1866; Hiram A., born Mai-ch t). 1869. All are living at home. The fam- ily have always been Methodist in form of worship, the mother having been a member of that chui'ch for many years. Mr. Perkins has made the raising of fruit a specialty, in "TU HISTOUY OF MACOMB COUNTY. which he has met with remarkable success, apples, peaches and strawberries being of ex- traordinary size and excellence. REV." DANIEL A. PERRTN, A. B.. Pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Richmond Village, was born near Brantford, Ontario, March 21, 188U: his father, Col. Thomas Perrin, was a native of Pittsljurgh, Penn. , who emigi-ated to Canada in 1804, and carried on general merchant and milling busine.ss for many years in the village of Mt. Vernon, Ontario; he died in 1870. His mother. Mary A. Peet, was a native of Almira, N. Y., who emigrated to Canada in 1810; she died near Brantford, Ontario, January 10. 18(30. The subject of this sketch received his early education at the Central School, Gralt, and at the Mt. Pleasant Academy; at the age of seventeen, he entered the university of Victoria College. Cobm-g, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in May, 1861; in 1859, while a student, he entered the ministry of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, in which body he remained eleven years, filling important positions; in 18()U, he severed his con- nection with the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Canada, and removed to the State of Kansas. United States, and entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, where he remained, in connection with the Kansas and South Kansas Conference, eight years, filling both literary and ministerial positions; in 1878, he was received into the De- troit Conference, and has been successively stationed at Hamburg. Washington and Rich- mond. Macomb County, where he still remains. He was mai-ried, June 23, 1863. to Miss Annabella Tyler, of Erin. Ontario, who was born July 12. 1840. in Lockport. N. Y.. and died in Kansas November 23. 1876; the issue of this marriage were Hedley V.. born De- cember 16. 1864. and died August 7. 1865; and Frederick Tyler, born September 2. 1866. He was again married, to Miss Aehsah R. Perrin, Mistress of English Literature and graduate of Bordentown Female College. Jane 11. 1875); she is the daughter of James W. Perrin. of Freehold. N. J., and was born March 1. 1841); by this marriage he has one son. Willard Scott, born April lU, 1880. The father of Mr. Perrin was a Captain in the militia of Canada in 1837, and was afterward jjiomoted to be Colonel, which honor he wore till the day of his death. Mr. Pen-in is an acceptable Pastor of his church, and a Republican in politics. EDWARD RANDALL, son of Felix and Maria Jngraham Randall, born in Rich- mond August 3, 184U. lived on the homestead and attended the public schools of he town- ship until 1876: he then purchased the old village place on Clay street, where he has since resided. He was married. February 2*), 1876. to Miss Etta, daughter of Hiram Goodar; the children of this marriage are Ethel E., bornApril 25. 1878; Arthur M.. liorn January 16. 1881; and Anna D.. born November 18. 1876. died August 24. 1878. Mr. Randall is a farmer and breeder of fine sheep, having purchased of J. C. Thompson, in 187U. twenty ewes of his best breeding; afterward bought of the same party six in addition; in January. 1882. he purchased of Taylor & Chapman, of Middlebury. Vt.. ten ewes, all registered in the Vermont Sheep Registry; he also bought of Thompson, in 1881, a ram- Pathfinder, recorded in Vermont Registry, grandson of Bismarck, who took the sweep, stake prize at the Centennial Exposition, and yields twenty-five pounds of wool; he believes in raising the best sheep only; together with this in ustry. he cultivates a farm of eighty acres. FELIX RANDALL, son of John and Sarah Smith Randall, natives of Orange County, N. Y.. was born at that place October S. IS] 2; at the age of eight years, his parents moved to Canada, where they remained for thirteen years; they removed from Canada to Ohio in 1833. where the father died in 1858. aged sixty-seven years; the mother died in Illinois, in 1873, aged eighty-four years. Felix Randall arrived in Macomb in the winter of 1837; he had visited the county two years jn-eviously and located 120 acres of land on Sections 31 and 32, Richmond, on which he now resides; he moved from Talmage Town- liL HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ship, Portcage Co., Ohio, with an ox team and wagon, with a chest of tools, clothes, and a barrel of pork; married, June 1, LS38, Maria, daughter of Asa Ingraham, of Canada; she was born in Canada April 18. 1818; their children are as follows: Climenia. born June 7, 188it, now Mrs. Harris, of Eichmond Township; Sarah M. . born October 23, 1841, married Mr. Abbey, now of Iowa; Rhoda M., born December 17. 1843. married Mr. Hodges, of Richmond; Robert A., born May 5. 1847, married and lives in Lenox Townshi]); Edward, born August 3, 184U. lives in Richmond Township; Phoebe, born April 1, 1842, married Marion P. Bates, now a resident of Richmond; Helen, born No- vember 17. 1855. died at home March 22, 1856; Arthur F.. born November 3, 1858. mar- ried and living on the homestead. Mi-. Randall has always lived on the land first taken from the Government: he redeemed it from the wilderness, and has made it a fertile farm; he has taken a prominent part in all the advancements of society, as an officer of the township and a strong temperance man; by industry and economy, he has acquired a com- petency for his declining years. The mother of Mrs. Randall died Februaiy 1. 185U, at the farm in Richmond; her father died at Mt. Clemens in 1864, at the age of eighty-three. Politically, Mr. Randall is a Republican. ORL RIX, a native of Vermont, was born at Royalton August 1, 1804; his father was a native of the same State; his mother also: both removed to Genesee County, N. Y.. where she died some forty years ago; he died in Memphis, in April, 1867. Mr. Orl Rix removed to Romeo in 1835 and engaged in the mercantile trade; this lasted about five years, when he sold out and went to Memphis and established himself as a miller, bulki- ng first a saw-mill, and soon after a grist-mill, now occupied and i-un by S. G. & A. D. Taylor, from 1856 to 185U: the family removed to Romeo, and then returned to the vil- lage of Memphis. He was married, in 1836, to Lydia, daughter of Noah Sage, of Ver- mont; she was born at Shaftsbnry, Vt., in 1814; they had a family of live children, three of whom are still living — Mrs. East. Mrs. Taylor and George H. Rix, of Lawton. Van Bu- ren Co., Mich. Mrs. Rix died in Kalamazoo, and was buried in Memphis, in 1877. Mr. Rix died September 8, 1880; he was a member of the Senate and House of Representatives of the Legislature. xMRS. WILLIAM P. RUSSELL (Miss Lucinda G. Stevens), daughter of Deacon O. S. Stevens, of Clinton, Lenawee Co.. Mich., was born in Livingston County. N. Y., May 16, 1831; removed to Clinton May 16, 1831); educated in the public schools of that place, and afterward under the tuition of Prof. Estabrook. now of the Olivette College; she be- gan to teach in the public schools of the State at the age of twenty-two. which she fol- lowed for three yeai-s. She was married, August 27, 1874, to the Rev. W. P. Russell, of Memphis, Mich., and still lives at that place; her father was born at Claremont, N. H.. and moved to Michigan in an early day, and has spent his active life in this State; he now lives with his daughter, Mi-s. Russell, and is in good health, at the age of eighty live years; her mother died March Ki, 1.S66, at Clinton, Mich.; her maiden name was Matilda Goss: she became a member of the Congregational C!hurch, then Pre.sbyteriau, of Clinton, Mich., at the age of eighteen years, which membership was transferred to the chm-ch at Mem- phis, and she is still an active member, a Clerk of the church, and a faithful worker in the Sabbath school. JOHN K. SMITH, a native of Vermont, rendered a most important service to his countrj-'s troops in 1813; was afterward appointed a Forage Master of a United States regiment, and served with the command until discharge;! at Detroit in 1816; the same year, he visited Stromner's Island, leased the old Laughton House thereon from David Laughton, and inaugurated the Smith Pottery there in May, 1S17; in the winter of 1818, he taught school on Harsen's Island, in a j)art of Jacob Harsen's house, at the same time being engaged in trade with the Indians, in company with D. Laughton; he was commis- ^1 1 sioned Justice of the Peace of Macomb County May 17, 181S, by Gov. Cass; was the first Postmaster in St. Clair County, being appointed in charge of an office at Plainfield Au- gust 26, 18'2(), and Special Commissioner of St. Clair April 20, 1S27, first Custom Inspec- tor on the St. Clair River May J, 1832; and was the first Probate Judge of St. Clair, being elected in 1835; he was Justice of the Peace from 1818 until his death, in 1855. Through- out the chapters of the general history, the name of John K. Smith is given in close con- nection with the aflairs of Macomb County in 1818, 1819 and 1821. ADDISON G. STONE, son of George H. and Melinda Farewell, natives of New York and Ohio, was born at the village of Albion, Orleans Co., N. Y. , March 16, 1S4U; he re- ceived a primary education in his native place, and then entered Eastman's Commercial College, of Rochester, N. Y., and then to Georgetown College, of Washington, D. C, where he gi'aduated from the Law Department in June, 1875; was admitted to the prac- tice of law by the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia June l-t, 1875. entered upon the practice of his profession at once, which was continued one year; on leaving AVash- ington, he went South, and was in Savannah during the rage of the yellow fever, and was one of the sufferers; then he removed to Rutland County, Vt., and engaged in the practice of law at that place about two years, where he was a member of the bar fur that county. He removed to Macomb County December 12, 1878, locating in Richmond Village, where he still resides, and is engaged in his profession. He was married, September 10, 1873, to Lucretia M. Kent, a native of Wallingfqrd, Vt. ; she was the daughter of E. W. Kent, a farmer of that place; they have no childi'en. At the township meeting next succeeding his arrival in the township, he was elected a magistrate, which office he still holds; in 1880, he was elected Circuit Court Commissioner of the county, and is still in office. Mr. Stone is well up in his profession, and is a Republican in politics: was elected by the larg- est majority of any one on the ticket. Mrs. Stone was born in Wallingford. Vt. , Mai-ch 31, 1850. Mr. Stone was Clerk of the village of Richmond for two years succeeding its organization and incorporation — 1870 and 1880. SANFORD M. STONE, son of Solomon and Betsey, daughter of Amos Bradley, was born October 22, 1828, in Monroe County, N. Y. : came to Macomb with his father's fam- ily in 1843; lived at home until attaining the age of twenty years, then attended private school at Armada Village from this time until 1857, when he was a public teacher in the schools foui'teen teims; then he bought land on Section 26, Richmond; he soon added to the farm and improved it; he sold in 1863; since that time, he has been engaged in agriculture in various places, and now owns several farms; was mari-ied, March 16, 185U, to Caroline A. Halleck, daughter of Hinsdale Halleck, a native of Orleans County. N. Y. ; she w^s boi"n in Lapeer County April 26, 1810; they have fom' children — Alice J., born September 6. 1861; Mary E.. June 21. 1863: Hiram H.. November 1, 1865. died March 25, 1866; Wan-en S., born September 23, 1860; Phoebe C, September 7, 1873. After marriage, Mr. Stone lived on the farm six years, then he moved to the village of Rich- mond, and has since resided there: in 1878, he built a residence, which at that time was the finest residence in the place; he has been a towi^shi[) officer at several times; also an officer under the village char+er from the beginning, and at present is its President: a dealer in real estate and securities, and always a Democrat: an officer at the organization of the Union School of the village. SOLOMON STONE. Was born January 17. 1788: he was the son of Elias Stone, a native of Massachusetts. Solomon was married first to Martha Stanton Clark, who died after a few years. A few years after, he married Betsey Bradley, who was born in Salem, Washington Co., N. Y. ; they had one child, Mi's. Sherman, of Bruce Township; by the two marriages there were twelve chiklren, six of whom are living. Mr. Stone was a farmer, having taken land from the Government, on which he lived until the time of his el HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ^1^ death, which occurred February 2, 185B. on the homestead. Mi-s. Stone died in Rich- mond Village February 1. 1878. All but one are living in the count}'; came to Macomb and located his land and moved his family in September. 1843. DAVID STOXE, one of the old-time residents of Macomb, a fuller and carder by trade, was born in Massachusetts in 171)3. He distinctly remembers the scenes of Wash- ington's death, and the fact of his parents going to attend funeral service.s, which were held at many places; also the terrible shock attending the death of Hamilton at the hands of Aaron Burr: during the war of 1812, was called out with the militia for defense. He moved from Genesee County, N. Y., to Macomb. Mich., about the year 183(3, and became a pioneer of that region, establishing himself in the trade of carder of wool and dresser of cloth; this business was destroyed by fire, and soon after, his wife, only son and two daughters died. His present home is at Lapeer City. He became a Christian early in life, joining the Congregational Church, of which he is still a devoted and consistent member; he is an active politician, and has voted for every President since 1815; always Whig and Republican. His only surviving daughter is Mrs. Dr. Hamilton, of Lapeer, with whom is his present home. GEORGE H. STUART, son of Ebenezer and Susan (Hale) Stuart, was born in West Bloomtield, N. Y., October 20, 1813; his parents were natives of Massachusetts; his father removed to Ontario County, N. Y. , and died there in 1817: his mother died at Detroit in 1858, at the age of seventy-live. Mr. Stuart passed his early life in Richmond, in the family uf Mr. Xathan Hicks, attending school and working on a farm; in April, 18-1:2, he removed to Macomb, having been married the December previous to Miss Betsey A. Jones, of the same i)lace, who accompanied her husband to his new home; they located on land previously purchased, on Section 10, Richmond, on which he has continuously resided since that time. Mrs. Stuart was born May 18, 1817; she is the daughter of Seth Jones, of Bristol, Ontario Co., N. Y. ; they have no children. Mr Stuart has held important oflSces in township and society, and is a member of the Democratic party: he brought his laud fi'om a state of nature to a pleasant and productive farm. D. T. SUTTON. BYRON SUTHERLAND, sou of Andrew and Naomi (Cooley) Sutherland, was born in Cambria, Niagara Co., N. Y., February 4, 1824; his parents were natives oT Rutland County, Vt, who removed to Western New York and died in 1836; he was a soldier of the war or 1812, and was promoted to the Colonelcy of a regiment, and was discharged with honor; his mother died at Romeo in 1871. The subject of this sketch removed to Ma- comb in the year 18411, and located land on Section 10, in Richmond Township, which is a portion of his present farm. He was married, January 1, 184U, to Sarah A., only child of Noah Cooley, of Washington Township: she was born in Niagara County, N. Y., Sep- tember 30, 1824; the fruits of this marriage have been Sarah, born November 26, 1841), married H. Woodward and lives in Flint; Andrew B., born September 9, 1851, married Lou DeLand and lives in Memphis Village; Emma A. , born January 13, 1854, living with a brother at Romeo; Noah C, born August 13. 1S56, married Stella Skillman and lives near Romeo; Anna N., born July 0, 1858, lives at home; William D., born Novem- ber ly, 1860, lives at home; Elmer B. , born June 22, 1862, lives at home; Irving C, and Earnest A. (twins), born March 25, 1865, also at home. Mr. Sutherland has been an offi- cer of the township, and is the owner of a well-situated and fertile farm of 250 acres. The father of Mrs. Sutherland was born at Rutland, Vt. , November 26, 1804; moved to Romeo in 1S31 and cleared the homestead farm, where he died April 10, 1877, Her mother was born in Allegany County, N. Y., Noveiuber 14, 1807, and died at Romeo No- vember 16, '18S0j~iier ancestors toolv_^>ai't in the Revolution. ^1 806 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. STEPHEN G. TAYLOR, son of Elijah and Clarissa Taylor, a native of New Hamp shire, and bis mother's gi'eat-grandfather was Lord Granville, of England. Mr. Stejiheu Taylor was born in Carroll County, N. H., October 13, 1835. one of eight children, all liv- ing but one; also their father and mother, in their native State, had lived together for fifty-sevan years. He came to Michigan in 1856; was a school-teacher near Baltimore one term, and then engaged as a clerk in a diy goods store until 185U, when he removed to Mem])his and engaged in the dry goods trade in that village; this was continiied for a few years, when Orl Ris became associated with him, which partnership was continued until the business was closed out in 1864. At this time, Mr. Taylor engaged in the milling busi- ness with Ml'. Rix, and, on Mr. Rix retiring in 1877, Mr. A. D. Taylor became a partner, which continues at the present time. Mr. Taylor was married, in August, 1861, to Sarah A., daughter of Orl Rix, of Royalton, Vt. : she was bora at Memphis July 13, 1843: their childi'en are as follows: Charles R., born February 4, 1863, now in Detroit: Adrian G., born May 20, 1867: May L., born September 6. 1877. Mr. Taylor has been a member of the Congregational Chm'ch of the village for sixteen years, and a Deacon of the same: Mrs. Taylor has also been a member the same length of time. He has been for a long tiane connected with the Sunday school, and active in all the improvements of the village. In politics, he is a Democrat. CHAPTER XXXVI. W .V.sil IXGT( >X 'l'{ )WNSII I P. The meeting to organize the township of Washington was held at the house of Alvin Nye (where Emulous Stone lived in 1877) in April, 1827. Daniel Thurston was called upon to preside, and Otis Lamb was chosen Clerk. It was then proposed that some one would propose a name: many names wei-e given and passed over, until at length the Chairman said: "I move that we name the town in honor of the father of our country." The name was accepted enthusiastically, and confirmed by act of organization. At that time there were not over forty families in the township. oi;ct,\.\i/,.^tio.\. Washington Township, comprising Towns 4 and 5 north, in the twelfth range east, was erected under powers given in the act of April 12. 1827, and the first town meeting was ordered to be held at the house of John Holland, the last Monday in May, 1827^ The first town meeting was held at the schoolhouse, near John D. Holland's, May 28, 1827. Gideon Gates was chosen Moderator, and Isaac Andrns, Clerk. The election resulted in the choice of John A. Axford, for Su^jervisor: John D. Holland, Clerk: Daniel B. Web- ster, Collector and Constable: Asahel Bailey, John Bennett and Nathan Nye, Assessors: Alexander Tackles, John Bennett, James Starkweather, Commissioners: Albert Finch and Joseph Miller, Overseers of the Poor, and Alvin Nye, Constable; Asahel Bailey, Elon An- drus, Edward Arnold, Poundmasters: (ieorge Wetson, Otis Lamb, Robert Townsend. Nathan Nye, Daniel Haydeu. William Allen. Philip Price, Albert Finch and Isaac Skill- man, Overseers of Highways, appointed by the County Commissioners in March, 1827. Among the first acts of the new board was that to raise $25 for the support of the poor. On August 15, 1827, a special election was held to select a Constable and Collector, vice Daniel B. Webster, resigned, when William Price was chosen. The principal town- ship officers, elected since the year of organization, are named in the following list: -^ HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 807 TOM'X liOSTEK. Supervisors— John S. Axford, 1S27-2S: Gideon Gates, 1828-33: Caleb Wilbor, 1833 -38: Coiiutv Commissioners, 1838-43: John Keeler. 1843-44: Erastus Smith. 1844-45: John Kf eler. 1845-47: Noah Coolev, 1847-49: Erastus Smith, 1849-50: Elisha Calkins, 1850-51: Noah Cooler, 1851-53: Elisha Calkins. 1853-55: Marshall S. Hadley. 1855-56; George H. Fenner, 18-"6-57: Hugii Gray, 1857-58: Eraslns Smith, 1858-72: Jerome AV. Nyms, 1872-81; Stephen B, Cannon, "1881-82. In the foregoing list of Supervisors, it must be remembered that from 1818 to the date of township election, in 1827, the county was governed by Commissioners; from that period until 1838, by Supervisors: from 1838 until early in 1843, by County Commission- ers, when the Supervisors' Board was reestablished. Clerks— John D. Holland, 1827-31: Horace Foote. 1831-32; James Starkweather, 1832-33; John D. Holland, 1833-45; Otis Lamb, 1836-50: Albert Nve, 1850-51: Otis Lamb. 1852-53: George Washer, 1853-54: Charles F. Mallary, 1854-58: A. H. Poole, 1858-59; Albert E. Leete, 1859-60; C. F. Mallary, 1860-70; Nathan G. Bates. 1870-71: Charles C. Bradlev, 1871-76; Collins Bradley. 1876-77: Byron J. Flumerfelt, 1877-78; Eber J. Dudley, 1878-82. Treasurers— Daniel B. Webster, 1827: William Price. 1828: Alvin Nye. 1829; Gad - Chamberlin. 1830: Hiram Calkins. 1831-33: H. Van Kleek, 1834; James H. Rose 1837; Hiram Calkins, 1840; Orin P. Southwell. 1842: James H. Eose, 1844; Orsel Dudley, 1851; Marvin Wilbur. 1855: Morgan Nye, 1857: Truman R. Andrus. 1858: John Cannon, 1861: Emulias Stone, 1863: Theron Cole, 1865; Elias L. Stone, 1867; Theron Cole, 1868; James H. Rose, 1870; Aaron B. Rawles. 1875; Jonathan Stone, 1877: Edward W. Andras, 1879; Jonathan Stone, 1881. Justices of the Peace — Ezra B. Throop. 1827: Gideon Gates, 1829; Otis Lamb, John Bennett, 1830; J. B. Hollister. 1831: Alexander Tackles, 1832; Wells Waring, 1833; Azariah Prentiss, 1834: Alexander Tackles. M. Shaw, D. W. Noyes, Orsel Dudley. C. F. Snover,' Wells Waring, 1836: Hiram Sherman, 1837; John Lawrenc , Justin H. Butler. Alexander Tackles. 1838: John Lawi-ence, 1839; Orsel Dudley, 1840; Justin H. Butler! Thomas \Vheeler. 1841; Azariah W. Sterling, 1842: John Lawi-ence. Cortez P. Hooker, 1843: Orsel Dudley. 1844: Cortez P. Hooker. 1845: Azariah W. Sterling. John Bates, 1846: William Park. 1847: John Bates, 1848; Caleb W^ilbm-, 1849; Orsel Dudley, Azariah AV. Sterling, 1850; William Park, 1851; Orsel Dudley, C. C. Lamb. 1853; A." W. Ster- ling. 1854: William Park. 1855: Aaron Stone, James N. Cole, 1857; A. W. Sterling, 1858; William Park, 1859: S. H. Burlingham. 1860; William A. Stone, 1861; A. W. Sterling, 1862; William Park, George W. Knapp, 1863; George W. Knapp, 1864; C. F. Mallary, James M. Vaughan, 1865: Azariah W. Sterling, 1866; Edward Soule, 1867; Chai-les F. Mallard. 1868: James M. Yaughan. 1869: James M. Vaughan, Azariah W. Sterling 1870; Martin Buzzell, 1871; John V. Rush, 1872; Edward Soule, 1873: Azariah W. Sterling, 1874; Martin Buzzell. 1875: John J. Snook, Cortez Fesseuden, 1876; Albert Yates, 1877; Cortez Fessenden, 187S ; Martin Buzzell. 1879; John J. Snook. 1880; James M. Vaughan. 1881. The officers elected in April, 1SS2. were Supervisor, S. B. Cannon, Republican. 225; Chas. T, Mallory. Democrat, 71: Republican majority, 154. Clerk. E. J. Dudley. Re- publican. 212; William S. Badger. Democrat. 90; Republican majority. 122. Treasiu'er. Jonathan Stone. Republican, 220: J. L. Benjamin. Democrat, 78; Republican major- ity. 142. (ilt.VXI) Tl;UNM< U.Mr.ROAD OK JIlrHIO.VN. A petition to Supervisor Aratus Smith, dated January 8, 1868. requesting him to call a meeting of Washington Township, was acceded to January 16, and the meeting convened SI fy i A 808 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. February 13, 1868. The jieople voted a loan of $33,000 to the Grand Trunk Railway of Micliicran for the purpo,ses of constructintj a raih-oad from Kidgeway. or Richmond, to Pontiac: 230 freeholders voted for the loan, while lOfi o{)posed it. .^Il( IIKi.VN .\I1M.INE UAILIKI.MI. On May 15, 18()U, a petition, signed by thirty-two citizens of Washington, to Aratus Smith, asking him to convene a meeting of freeholders to consider the question of grant- ing aid to the Michigan Air-Line Railroad, was acceded to and a meeting called June 10, llSfU). Two hundred taxpayers voted a loan of $25,000, while li)() opposed such a loan. A i;i:.Mi\i.srE.\ci'; of kaklv day.s i\ WAsiiiN(;'r(>x. The gi-eatei portion of the families named in the following paper came from the State of New York in the years 1822, 1823 and 1824; each piu-chased from SO to 100 acres, generally at $1.25 per acre, and commenced clearing up the land for permanent homes. In the year 1824, in the fall, it was deemed advisable by the few settlers in the northern part of the town of 'Washington to establish a school; consecjuently, a site for a house was soon decided upon, a log edifice built, and a young lad named Silas Scott in- stalled as teacher. The house, which was at the time designed to be centrally located, on Freeborn Healy's land, was built in the woods, one mile and a half south of the present village of Romeo, on the west side of the road on the hill, just beyond what is now known as the Benjamin Model Farm. The number of pupils in attendance in the year 1824 was twenty-seven or twenty-eight, coming in from two or three miles in difi'erent directions thrt)ugh the almost unbroken wilderness. The principal roads at that time were Indian trails. There was also an Indian encampment at that time on the east side of the road nearly opposite this schooUiouse, near where the railroad now crosses the brook. The gathering of so many children seemed to greatlj puzzle the natives, and frequently they would, after ornamenting themselves with nose and ear jewelry, paint and feathers, steal up to the windows of the schoolhouse to take a peej) at the scholars. The scholars of 18'^4 were three sous and one daughter of Philip Price — Samuel, Polly. Philip and James. Those of other families, Horace Arnold, Robert Arnold, Phtebe Arnold, Thomas Woodman, Horace Tackles. Horton Healy, Paulina Healy, Rosanna Chandler, Orsamus Webster, Samantha Webster, Edwin Gould, Adelia Gould, Elijah Thorington. Miranda Thor- ington. Lucy Phelps, Jed Smith, David Smith, George Finch, Alpheus Finch, Wesley Finch ; these Finch boys were brothers of the lost child: Harrison Kittridge, Jane Gates and Wilber Gates. About one-half of the number are still living. Silas Scott, the teacher, after closing his school in the spring of 1825, purchased a farm in sight of Romeo Village, where he resided until his death, a few years ago, leaving one son, Frank Scott, who, at the present writing, resides on the same farm, and is also at the present time teaching school in the same neighborhood that his father taught fifty-seven years ago. With three or four exceptions (the familes of Thorington, Scott and Arnold), the early settlers at that time have either died or removed, and others have taken their places. Large, well-cultivated fields, nice residences and splendid roads are now to be seen on every hand, instead of Indian encampments, trails and dense forests. And the trials and privations endured by those early, hardy settlers are, by the present generation in their abundance, scarcely re- membered. Till'; ( KISS.MAX sriiooi . The Crissman School District was organized February 12, 1848, from fractions taken from the surrounding districts. The first school meeting was held February 26, 1848, at the house of J. J. Crissman. when the following officers were elected: F. S. Crissman, Moderator; Clinton Sowles, Assessor; John Bates, Director. The first schoolhouse was ^ biiilt by Alvin Baldwin, and was finished September 15, 1851. The size of this building was 20x25 feet, and its cost $238. 88. The first district school was taught by Miss Laura Parrish (now Mrs. Chai'les Crissman, of Mt. Vernon) for a consideration of |2 per week. She taught fifteen weeks and had twenty-seven pupils. The schoolhouse in use at the present time was built by William H. Jersey during the summer of 1869. The cost of this build- ing was $1,000, and its location close by the site of the old house. .SCHOOLS. There are five district schools and three fractional district schools in the township. The Directors for the year 1881-82 were Samuel C. Ritter. I. N. Brabb, D. T. Smith, M. H. Crissman, Ira Wood. W. H. Balesole, W. W. Vaughan and E. Rowley. Tiiere are six frame and two brick school buildings, valued at $6,590. During the year ending September, 1881, no less than fourteen teachers were engaged, to whom the sum of $1,- 559.50 was paid. The number of children of school age in the township in 1880-81 was 370, of which number only 264 attended school. The total expenditm'es of the township for school purposes diu-ing the year ending September 5, 1881. was $2,713.73, of which sum $357.38 accnied from the State school fund. A reference to the schools of Bruce will point out the fact that a niunber of children belonging to Washington Township are enumerated as belonging to the Union School of Romeo, and noticed in the Bruce school statistics. A TEMPER.\N( E BUILDING. The first building raised in this vicinity without the use of whisky was the present residence of J. R. Manley, in 1838. The architect and builder, the late Chauncey Chm'ch, was interested in the temperance cause and would have no spirituous liquors at any of his raisings. After the work on this occasion was done, he mounted on the topmost timber and delivered the following original toast: "This frame is of oak, it stands upou rocks, 'Twas framril tipim lioiior for Elias Wilcox, And since it is raised and tliinn's are all right. Tis Elias' home and Nancys delight. We've had no whisk}-, we don't care for that, We'll have something better than rum or wild cat. So let us be merry, both Democrat and Whig. And we'll go to the house and get some baked pig." MENTION OF A ¥KV>' OLD SETTLERS. In August, 1823, Mrs. Nancy Anne Lamb Andrus and her husband, with John Holland, Polly Greene and Laiu-a and Atu'illa Miller, formed the tu'st Methodist class in Washington Township, meeting from bouse to house, often several miles apart, for seasons of prayer and praise. They were models of hospitality and all were made welcome, particularly the traveling ministers, and their houses were known for many year's as the preachers' home. The Andrus house was also the head- quarters for all the land-lookers and travelers, and hundreds were ted and lodged within their small but hospitable dwelling. They struggled through almost incredible hard- ships, but reared all their ten children and saw them all married. Mr. Andrus died io July, 1865, and the widow has since resided with her daughter-in-law, having lived to witness many changes in church and society, and never losing her interest in either, al- though for a few years she has been unable to leave home. She retained her faculties, except hearing, to the last, and, until a few weeks of her death, she sewed as many hours in a day as any seamstress, and her work was always very nicely done. Five of the chil- dren have outlived the parents —Mrs. Laura Hamlin, of Rochester; Dr. W. W. Andrvis, 50 ^ ot Utica; Loren Andi-us, Mrs. S. A. Babbitt and Mrs. J. M. Vaughan. Mrs. Andrus be- longed to a family remarkable for their longevity, and there is one sister now living who does her own work at the age of ninety- four. KHMINDKKS OF THE I'.\.ST. There was I'egiilar circuit preaching here before there was any schoolhouse built in this town. The minister's name was Petit, not Pattee, and he used to preach at the house of Joseph Miller, standing on the ground where the hotel now stands. The going to Utica was on quarterly meeting occasions, and they used to go with ox teams or on foot. The first schoolhouse was built about a hundred rods from the corners south, and on land be- longing to George Wilson, nearly opposite the residence of Mrs. Marquis Nye. The next, on the corners where the brick one now stands, three miles south of Romeo. The third was opposite the cemetery. METHODI.ST (UrnCH. The original class of Methodists was formed here in 1823, consisting of six persons — John Holland, Elon Andrus, Nancy Andrus, Polly Greene, Aurilla Miller and Laura Mil- ler. They met at tirst in prayer-meetings from house to house, the nearest jsreaehing be- ing at Utica, where they occasionally went, until the building of the log schoolhouse op- posite the present cemetery. Rev. Elias Petit is siipposed to have been the tirst minister, and his circuit extended nearly 500 miles. After a few years, a log schoolhouse was built on the main road, and, in 1839, a frame schoolhouse was erected, nearly opposite the residence of Loren Andi'us, and religious services were conducted there until the building of the present church edifice in 1846. There were always two ministers on the charge, and Ebenezer Steele and Nelson Barnum were stationed here then. There is no record of anything pertaining to the society previous to the building of the church, but under date of Fel)ruary 12. 1846, we find the following: "The Trustees for the First Methodist Episcopal Church in Washington contracted with Chauncey Chm-eh to build a meeting- house for said M. E. Church, on the west side of Section 24, in said towushiji, opposite Dr. Cooley's garden, said house to be 36x50 feet, without a belfry, to be finished by the 1st day of January, 1847, for the sum of $1,150." This was signed by Elon Andrus, Abel Warner, Benjamin McGregor, David W. Noyes, John Keeler. The same Trustees afterward contracted with L. D, Cowles to build a belfry, to be completed at the same time, for $150. The necessary money was raised for the building b}^ the sale of slips, the prices ranging from $10 to $40, and. of the forty slips thus sold, but four of the original pm-ehasers are here to claim their property — Jesse Norton, J. W. Manley. Loren Andrus and J. M Vaughan. The building was accepted and paid for on December 28, 1846. at which time it was dedicated by Rev. Mi-. Crane, at that time Pre- siding Elder of this district. Many changes were effected in the church building. In 1854, a bell was donated by J. Z. Kelsey. Other improvements were made in 1869. On January 80, 1878, the reno- vation of the house was completed and its re-dedication accomplished. THE WASHINGTON I'NION fllTTRCH S0CIP:TY. For many years previous to the organization of this society, all religious services were held in the church building dedicated by the Methodist Episcopal society, then the only house of worship in the village of Washington. The church, although dedicated by the Methodist Episcopal society, the expense incurred by extensive repairs and the erec- tion of suitable sheds adjoining was shared in by the entire community, without regard to religious belief. In the spring of 1879, the Trustees of the Methodist Episcopal society asserted their legal right to the exclusive control and use of the property, soon after closing their doors -^1 T \ s- -^ HI.STORY OF :\IACOMB COUNTY. against a denomination on account of its creed. This society was tlien organized, July 5, 1879, adopted the following: '"Any ehm-ch building that now, or that may hereafter, be owned by this society, shall always be free from sectarian control, and no religious society, or any claiming to be such, orthodox or unorthodox, shall be denied the use of said chuceh building, simply on account of its religious belief." The lirst Trustees were Timothy Lockwood, William A. Stone, Henry Bennett. Edward W. Andrus and William W. Yaughan. Diu'ing the fall of 1879. the society erected a commodious structm-e at an expense ex- ceeding $3.00l). which was formally dedicated February 26, 1880. Religious services are held each Sabbath, the Rev. C. W. Knickerbocker, of Wayne, alternating with Rev. John Young, of Romeo, and Rev. W^illiam Arlington, of Richmond. The society has a large membership and is in a prosperous condition. son II lUT.i.M.-oiiorNP. The aft'airs of the South Burial-Ground Society were at a stand-still, as there has been no gathering of that association for twenty-two years, or since March, 1860. until the Clerk, J. M. Yaughan, called a meeting for A|)ril 29, 1882. The Trustees of that long- ago time have all passed away, but the officers were re-elected, and a new fence, with other improvements, will be the result of the gathering, the new and old officers standing as follows: President, Loren Andrus; Clerk, J. M. Yaughan; Collector, C. M. Bates; Sex- ton, Michael Widrig; Assistant Sexton, John Dotsert; Trustees, E. W. Andrus, Elijah Wilson, Albert Yates. VILLAGES OF THE TOWNSHIP Washington Village contains 225 inhabitants. The locality was first settled in 1818. The village is sixteen miles northwest of Mt. Clemens and thirty miles north of Detroit, with which cities it is connected by the Michigan Air-Line and Grand Trunk Railroads. Formerly, its nearest shipping-point was Utica. seven miles south, on the D. & B. C. E. R., and with which it was connected with a daily line of stages. It has Method- ist Episcopal and Union Chm'ches, a graded school. ex]iress, daily mail, east and west. Principal exports, wheat, wool and fruit. The business circle of the village is made up as follows: Charles Bennett, blacksmith; Thoma? Brabb, capitalist; George H. Cannon, civil engineer; Miss L. Davis, music-teacher; Ida Lamb, teacher of public school: Jay Miller, wind-mill agent; Byron Norton, pianos and music -teacher: W, W. Norton, pianos and organs; H. & M. Roberts, hotel and furnitTU-e dealers; J. H. Rose, carpenter and builder; Abram Shepherd, boot and shoemaker: David G. Stewai't, carpenter: Adelbert Stone, general store and express agent: Stone Bros. , general stort> ; Isaac Terpening, wind- mill agent; William W. Yaughan, insurance agent and Notary; George A. Woodward, teacher in public school; Albert Yates, physician. Mt. Yernon is a small post office village in Washington Township, Macomb County, seventeen miles northwest of Mt. Clemens Court House antl five northeast of Roches- ter, on the D. & B. C. R. R., its nearest shipping-point connection therewith by semi- weekly mail. In the immediate vicinity are two churches — Baptist and Methodist — and district school. The businsss men of the village are named as follows: Alpheus Baldwin, Constable; Jeremiah Cole, blacksmith; J. N. Fangboner, painter; Mark Fang- boner, wagon-maker; Joseph McCluer, live stock; John ilajor, live stock; E. J. Mann, painter; Rev. W. H. Mills, Baptist; J. J. Snook, Notary and Justice; M. L. Townsend, live stock dealer. The number of farms in the township in 1850 was 116: of acres under cultivation, 10,825; of bushels of wheat raised, 27,436; of corn, 26,983; of all other kinds of grain, 15,945 bushels; of potatoes, 5,775 bushels; of wool, 19,495 pounds; of butter, 28,710 pounds; of cheese, 11,424 poimds. nv" k l\^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Twenty-four years later, in 1874, there were 196 farms, containing 16,404 acres of improved land, valued at 11.215,990. There were 34,004 bushels of wheat raised; 35,- 5()0 bushels of corn, and 42,040 bushels of other grains. The potato crop yielded 9,873 bushels. The product of the dairy was 55.905 pounds of butter; 10,300 pounds of cheese; 34,922 pounds of wool were sent to market, and 70,675 ppunds of pork sold outside the township. The population, in 1850, including the southern half of Romeo, was 1.541; in 1874. it reached 2,099, and, in 1880, distinct from Romeo, contained a population of 2,052. i;kjiixiscknros[)erous agriculturists of Washington Township. In the Crissman family history can be found a more extended reference to Mr. Crissman. Mrs. C. C. (Parish) Crissman, daughter of Harvey Pai-ish. and grand- daughter of Jeremiah Parish, born in Connecticut February 17. 17(')5, and of Abott Sykes Parish, born in Bethel, Vt. . February 16. 17()9, is referred to in the personal sketch 5) "^ 1 HISTORY OF MAC0M15 COUNTY. of Mrs. J. J. Crissman, and again in that of the Sykes family; her sons, Jehiel and Jo- seph, are extensive sheep farmers in Kansas. DAVID H. CRISSMAN, P. O. Washington, was born July 15, lS2;i in Warren County. N. J., is the son of Benjamin and Mary (Keru) Crissman, both natives of New Jersey (see sketch of M. H. Crissman); they came to Michigan in 1883, and settled in the Township of Washington, on l!40 acres of land, on Section 2U, where they lived until the father's death, May 7, 1} when it came into market, if he would remain at home until that period. This arrangement was partly consummated, and Mr. Crissman holds the patent from the Government for the possession of his homestead of 1()0 acres. It was virgin soil, and he entered upon the work of clearing in January, 1840; in September the same year, the wheat crop was in, and the harvest the following yeai- yielded 8,340 bushels of grain, which he sold at$l a bushel. In the winter he "got out'' ^V 'f HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the lumber for his honse and bara, both of which stnictures, remodeled after modern method, the family now occupy. He was married. March 31. 184'2, to Eliza, daughter of Francis and Dinah (Day) Smith, born in England Januaiy !28, 1S'20; her paternal ances tors were natives of Thetford; those on her mother's side lived in INlinting. Lincolnshire, England; her father sailed for America with his family in February, 1S31: she was a child of eleven years and remembers distinctly the mai'ked incidents of the passage, which lasted seven weeks, during two of which a severe storm raged, the hatchways being closed and the ship lighted by side-lamps, which were kept burning; there were two deaths on board; the burial service was read by the Captain and the bodies ent<3mbed in the wilder- ness of waters. They landed at Staten Island; proceeded to the city of New York, up the Hudson, via canal to Pittsford. and thence to Mendon, Jlonroe Co., N. Y. ; in October, 1837. they went to Rochester, and traveled by canal and lake to Detroit; thence over cor- duroy roads to Royal Oak, and eventuality to Washington, the journey consuming a week. Mr. Smith died May 31, ISdC). aged seventy-two years; his wife December 15, ISCiT. at the age of seventy. Following is the record of the childi-en of Mr. and Mrs. Crissman; Lorissa, born February lit. lS-13, died July 31. 1S75; Justina C, March 5, 1S44:, died August 29, LS77; Emma C, March 2S, I.SIS, died August 27, 1845; Marsha E.. April 16, 184(i; Ferdinand S, November 22, 1847, died June 14, 1877; Francis J., May 18.-1841); Marium S. D., Febi-iiary 5, 1N53; Etho J., July 8, 1855; Edwin S., September 7, 1857, died December 31, 1874; infant son, June 23. I860, died July U; Albert J., December 2, 1862. Mr. Crissman is rated one of the most substantial citizens of Macomb County; he has added to his real estate and personal possessions, has been Director in the Citizens' National Bank, of Romeo, since its organization and holds stock in the First National Bank. Mi-s. Crissman enjoys a handsome heritage from her father's estate; she is a mem- ber of the Methodist Church at Mt. Vernon. Mr. C. was an uncompromising Abolitionist, and has been known for years as a zealous advocate of temperance. The family monu- ment stands in the Central Cemetery, of Washington, where five children and Mr. and Mrs. Smith are buried; it is four feet, eight inches square at the base, and with die, cap, dra- pery, spire and Grecian urn with drapery stands twenty-one feet. It is of Vermont gran- ite and cost $1,400; the coping is about 35x17 feet, with corner and joint caps, and cost $700. JAMES J. CRISSMAN (deceased) was born July U, ISl'.t. in the township of Sand- iston, Sussex Co., N. J. : was the son of Jonas and Susan (Suover) Crissman; the former was born in 1781, in Knowlton. Sussex (now Warren) Co., N. J., and died Deecember 14, 1876, in his ninety- fifth year: his wife was a native of the same place and was born in 1791, and died April 29, 1858; the ancestral lines of both parents were German. Mr. C. came to Michigan in 1836, making the trip with his brother. F. S. Crissman, to Oak- land County, where his father had previously purchased land, and not long after the family settled in Washington. He was married, in Washington, October 30, 1845, to Mary Par- ish, a native of Pike, Allegany Co., N. Y. In 1846, Mr. C. came into possession of 286 acres in Sections 3, 20 and 22. on which he lived the remainder of his life; he died August 7, 1881. Mr. and JIi-s. C. had a family of eleven children, born as follows: Catalina E.. November 16. 1846, died August 21. 1847: Sarah C, December 4, 1847, died October 22, 1864; Susan A., May 7, 1849: Elmina A.. September 23. 1850; Alma E., April 6. 1852. died September 8, l's67; Jonas H.. March 22, 1856; CaiTie E., July 7, 1858; Ida May, September 13. 1860. died May 7, 1866; Clark J., October 4. 1862: Mai-y E.. December 4, 1865. died October 4. 18()6; Estella M.. November 22. 1868; they were all born on their father's f ami. and have never resided elsewhere. Mi-s. Crissman was born February 21, 1826, and is the daughter of Harvey and Sybil (Sikes) Parish, the former born in Bethel, Windsor Co., Vt.. August 29. 1796. the latter in Granville. Washington Co.. N. Y.. January rpi- 5. 1(S00: tliey came io Michigan in ()ctol)er. 1S43, and lived on a farm two miles south of Romeo, until 1S5'2. when they moved to Addison, Oakland County, where they passed the remainder of their lives; they had eight daughters and one son. Mr. P. died June S. 1S81. Mrs. P. died June 20. INTO. Jeremiah Parish, father of Harvey, was born in Connecticut February 17. 1765. Thankful Abbott Parish, his wife, was born in Bethel, Vt.. February 16, 176*,); they had four daughters and five sons; the remoter ancestors were natives of Connecticut; they were married August 3. I S23. MICHAEL HETZEL CRISSMAN. P. O. Washington, was born in Blairstown, Warren Co.. N. J,, and is the youngest son of Benjamin and Mary (Kern) Crissman, both natives of Warren County, N. J.; the ancestors on each side were natives of Germany; Benjamin, the son of John and Johannah Schoonover Crissman. John Crissman was a soldier in the Revolution. Benjamin was born June IS. 17M : was a tailor by trade and married Mary Kern. November 12. IS 12; they became the parents of seven children, born as follows: Henry K., March 21. IS13; John. November 21. 1814; Susannah. Sep- tember 14. 1S16; Amos O.. October U. ISIS; Charles, November 10, 1820; David H. July 15, 1823. and Michael H.. March 21. 1827. Mr-. C. moved to the Ten-itory of Michi- gan in 1833. and settled thirty miles north of Detroit, whei-e he purchased of Benjamin Tubbs three eighty- acre tracts, with a comfortable log house on one. which was known as the ■■ Buckhorn Tavern." and had for a sign a huge pair of antlers fastened to a pole; it was at the junction of three roads — the old Territorial road from Detroit throtigh Royal Oak. Rochester and Romeo, to Almont, then called Tapshire; the second was known as the Tromley trail, from a French settler who owned land in Mt. Clemens and Bruce; the latter was known as Tromley Mountain; the third road ran from Hui'sey Mill to Washing- ton Post Office; these roads are now all vacated. M. H. Crissman of this sketch now owns and occupies his father's farm. He was married, March 13, 1S55, to Margaret Kern, of Wantage, Sussex Co., N, J,; the following is the i-ecord of their children's births: Irene (Mrs. Denison). January 5. 1857; Mellie (Mrs. Eaton). December 29. 1858; William L.. February IS. ISfil; C. Elmer. April 2fi. 1863; OraG.. October 2. 1865; Loretta. Febru- ary 1. 1S()S; Laura. August 23. 1870; Alice. April 2'J. 1S73; Margaret. September 28. 1S75. and Michael Hugh. September 2S. lS7y. EDWARD O. CURTIS. P. O. Romeo, was born November 11. 1843. in Oakland. Oakland Co. . Mich.; he is the son of Zurial and Amanda Curtis, both natives of New York; he was trained to the vocation of a farmer, which calling he has pursued all his life; he resides on Section 8. of the town of AVashington. where he owns 120 acres of the best quality of land, purchased by him in 1870. He was married. April 2f). 1869. to Julia, daughter of Elijah and Lydia Thorington, of Washington (see sketch of George W. Thorington); .she was born July 24. 1849. in the house where she now resides; they have one child — Vernon, born March 26. 1881. JiL's. C. is a member of the Mt. Vernon Baj) tist Church. Mr. C. adheres to the principles of the Democratic party; he has acted as School Director for three years and four terms as Road Commissioner. OLIVER C. DUDLEY. P. O. Romeo, was born October 14. 1822, in Washington. Macomb Co.. Mich.; is the son of Orsel and Lucinda Dudley, both natives of the State of New York. Mr. Dudley is a farmer, which has been his vocation through life. In 1Sr)7. he became the owner of 160 acres of land, near Romeo Village, which constitutes the family homestead; it is well improved and judiciously managed, well stocked and has a substantial dwelling, with creditable accessory buildings. Politically. Mr. Dudley is a Republican. He was married. May 1. 1834, to Mary A., daughter of Isaac and Mtiria Anderson, natives of New York; they came to Michigan in 1832, and bought 160 acres on Sections 13 and 14. Mr. Anderson was born February 9. 1793. and died November 16. 1859; his wife was born November 18. 1795. and died September 13. 1877. Mrs. Dudley A 1^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. was born in Washington June 3, 1S33. Elijah Anderson and Sally (Lyon) Anderson, her paternal grandparents, were born in New Jersey. Mr. and Mrs. Dudley have four chil- dren, born as follows: Martha, November 11, 1S5B (Mrs. Thaddeus Hazleton; see sketch); Wesley A.. February U. IS.jD; Manlev J.. October 11. INOO; HattieM.. May 30. ISBS, WAKNER H. EATON, P. O. Romeo, was born in Union, Tolland Co., Conn., No- vember 20, 1N3(J, and is the youngest of a family of seven children, all of whom lived to mature years; his father, William Eaton, was born in Connecticut September 16, 1793. In 1822, he was married to Fannie Sessions, a native of Tolland County, Conn, born Au- gust 14, 1795. In February, ]S37, he set out for Michigan, in consonance with the idea that the new State oflfered better advantages for so large a family; he bought a farm in Washington and sent East for his family; the character of Mrs. Eaton can be readily con- jectured from the fact that she made her way from Connecticut, more than a thousand miles, alone, with seven children, the eldest only twelve, the youngest a babe of six months; she came through safely with her children in five weeks, reaching her destina- tion July S, The staple product of Michigan was wolves, and they were more familiar than agreeable to the new settlers, but Mr. Eaton managed to captiu-e five in various ways, securing the Government and other bounty of $13 a head, which was a feat held in high- esteem by his fellow-pioneers, in view of its having been accomplished by a Yankee from the land of wooden nutmegs. Mr. Eaton entered courageously upon the work of improv- ing his farm, having only his strorig arms to help, no team nor farming tools being then in his possession. He died in March. LS(j2, having nearly reached man's allotted years; he was an indulgent father, an upright, sympathetic neighbor, a conscientious adherent to principles in all matters of whatever importance; he was a radical Democrat and a con- servative in religious opinions; his wife was in every way worthy and met her responsi- bilities as a pioneer's wife with all the required strength and firmness of purpose; she died in November, 1.S75. W. H. Eaton was bred a farmer; he attended the di.strict school winters and helped on the farm summers, until the fall of 1N5S, when he went to California: he was in El Dorado County until April ISCil, when he left for Michigan, arriving home May 2. July -i following, he was married to Alma, daughter of Samuel and Deborah (Banister) Aldrich, born in Armada February 1-1, 1S43. Mr. and Mrs. Eaton reside on the farm where his parents lived, whither he was carried a babe of six months by his courageous mother from her far-away Eastern home; thev have three children, born as follows: Cappie, October 21, 18(U; Mary, February 19, 1860: Warner H., Jr., April 29, 1880. Mr. Eaton is giving his childi-en educational advantages in accordance with his obligations as a kind and judicious father: he is a Democrat and a conservative in relig- ious views. HARVEY ELDRED, P. O. Romeo, was born July 28, 1841, in Bruce. Macomb Co.. Mich. ; he owns a fine farm of 240 acres in a state of advanced improvement, with sub- stantial frame house and outbuildings; it is situated adjoining the corporation of Romeo; he also owns another farm of 240 acres, one-half mile north of Romeo. He was married, in March, 1861, to Rachel Shaw, of Washington; she died in March, 1874, leaving one child — Ratie, born March 7, 1873. Mr. E. was married again, in November, 1874, to Virginia Sholes, of Bruce; they have one child — Gracie, born April 1, 1882. Mrs. El- dred is a member of the M. E. Church. Politically, Mr. E. is a Democrat. EMORY P. EWELL was born in Sciota, Shiawassee County, April 12, 1859: is the son of Samuel Day Edgar and Sarah (Lintz) Ewell; his mother is the daughter of Simon and Elizabeth Lintz, natives of the Empire State, where the former still lives, aged ninety- one. Mr. Ewell traces his paternal line of descent to 1734, when his earliest authenti- cated ancestor, John Ewell, was born in Scotland; the latter came to America in 1759, and entered upon a seafaring life, settling at Scituate. Plymouth Co., Mass.; he became ^i HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the father of nine children. Mr. Ewell of this sketch is Lis sixth descendant. James Ewell. first son and child of John, enlisted with his father in the Revolutionary service. He was the fifth in Mi'. EwelTs ancestral line. Following is a list in regular descent: John. James, Peleg. Philander, Samuel. D. E. aud Emory. The family record clearly traced by Edwin H. Ewell. son of an elder brother of Peleg Ewell. is contained in a neatly printed and carefully compiled volume, from which these statements were culled. The family name is one of honor, and, in many instances, of distinction. Samuel D. E. Ewell was born September 27, 1835, in Shelby, Macomb County, and died April 12. ISTN; his son, E. P. Ewell, succeeded to the management of the patrimonial estate, comprising 102 aci'es on Section 2S. Washington. He was married, October 21. 1N79. to Clara A., daughter of Alvin and Margaret Baldwin, (natives, respectively, of Vermont and New Jer- sey), of Avon, Oakland County. Mrs. Ewell was born July 29, ISfiO, in that county, and is a member of ^he Mt. Vernon Baj^tist Chm-ch. Mr. Ewell is a Democrat in political views; he has two brothers, born as follows: Samuel D. Ewell. August 19, 18(iO, and Ervin E. Ewell, October 2l). ISliT; the foiTuer is a resident of San Francisco. Cal.: the latter resides with his mother at Rochester, this county. DANIEL E, FROST, P. O. Romeo, was born in Brookline, Windham Co,. Vt., July 2iS, 1818: is the son of Samuel and Lydia (Bixby) Fros,t the former born in Massachu- setts, the latter in Connecticut. Mr. Frost is one of a family of twelve children, ten boys and two girls; ten of their children are living, the eldest seventy two years of age, the youngest, forty-six years old; his j>arents moved to Bolivar, Allegany Co., N, Y., when he was six years old, and thi'ee years later went to Ceres, McCane Co.. Penn. ; in 1830, they went to Covington, Genesee Co,, N. Y. ; seven years after. Mi", Frost settled in Oak- land County, Mich., where he was married, January 22, 1844, to Margaret Jarvis; she died June 4, 1N48, leaving one son, James J., born November 21. 1844. ]\Ir. Frost was again married. Jannarj' 30. 1849, to Belinda Brownson; she died August 4, 18(51, leaving three children, born as follows: Willard A., January 5, 1S50; Margaret A.. March 4, 1852, and William K., July 24, 1854. Mr. Frost was again married. March 6. 1802, to Mi's; Mary (Eaton) Sholes, who had one daughter — Virginia, born May 12, 1855. Mrs. Frost was born November 9, 1832, in Union, Tolland Co., Conn. : the family moved to St. Clair County in 1849, and, eighteen years after, to Romeo, where they resided seven years and a half; in the fall of 1874, they bought a farm of 280 acres, three miles south of Romeo, where thev have since resided. OILMAN E. GRAVES. P. O. Rochester, Oakland County, was born November 20. 1839, in Washington, Macomb Co., Mich.; is the son of EphiHuu and Persis (Hall) Gravies; his father was born in Vermont and his mother in Consictiicnt; both descended from na- tives of those States. His parents came to Michigan i:i June, 1827, and bought eighty acres of land on Section 32, in Washington, where liirf father died September 5, 1 8(53. Mr. Graves of this sketch succeeded to the possession of the homestead, to which he has added eighty acres, making a fine fai-m of 160 acres; on this property there has never been an incumbrance from the day of the original purchase. Mr. Graves was married. February 20, 1800, to Jeanette Healy, of Shelby; she died September 16, i860, and Mr. Graves was married a second time. May 1, 1862, to Haniiah E., daughter of Lockwood and Emeretta Russell; her father was a native of New York, her mother of Connecticut; both probably descended from English ancestry. Mr. and Mrs. Graves have had fom- childi-en, born as follows: Howard H., March 25. 1865; Jeanettie E., Novemb'^r 10, 1867; Adalettie W., September 22, 1869, died October 10, 1870; Kezza L., January 17, 1877. Mi-s. Graves is a member of the Methodist Church, of Washington. Mr. Graves is an ac- tive and zealous member of the Macomb County Agricultm-al Society, and has been for HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. years considered among the best authorities on breeding ponltry. He is a Democrat in po- litical views. JOHN C. GRAVES, P. O. Romeo, was born August 22, 1S2S. in Leroy. Genesee Co.. N. Y. ; is the son of Ames and Betsey (Martin) Graves, natives of New York; his parents came to Michigan in 1S32. and settled in Washington; his father located on 240 acres, on Section 7. on which he lived four years, when he sold 10(1 acres and went to Mc. Clemens, where he engaged in keeping hotel and sold liquor three months; he then estab- lished a temperance house and continued its management to the cLd of the year, when he went to Oakland, Oakland County, and engaged in farming, which he followed the re- mainder of his life; he died January 2. 1S37; his wife died in May. ISSO. in Richmond, Macomli County. Mi-. Graves of this sketch was married, November 12, 1S5(). to Ann Eliza, daughter of William and Fanny Park, of Washington, Macomb County; she was born March 6, 1S32, in Onondaga County. N. Y. ; her parents settled on Section 7, in Washington, in 1836, and engaged in farming; in May. 1877, they moved to the village of Romeo, where they now reside. Mr. and Mrs. Graves have four children, born as fol- lows: Frances E., August 23, 1S52; Alice M.. October 24, 1853; Park C. April 10. 1.S56; Carrie L., Febi-uary 15. lS(iO. Park was married, March 13, 1877, to Cora A. Thoring- ton, of Washington, and resides with his parents; Can-ie is the wife of J. C. Albertson, of Oxford, Oakland County. Mr. and Mrs. Graves are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. Graves is a Republican in politics; he has been all his life a farmer, and owns 205 acres of tirst-class land, with good dwelling and convenient sulistantial outbuildings. LEVI P. HAINES, P. O. Romeo, son of Benjamin and Betsey Haines, was born in Mendon, Mom'oe Co., N. Y., November 14, 1N21; the parents reared a family of twelve children, six boys and six girls ; both died at seventy-two years of age, the father in 1 85S, the mother in 1S65; thev came to Michigan in 1S32 and bought 160 acres of land on Sec- tions 15 and 22, in Washington. When Mj. Haines reached his majority, he bought 160 acres of what is known as " speculators" land.'" and began himself to clear it for a farm; three years after, he made an exchange with a younger brother (James H. Haines) for the homestead faiTU in W^ashingtou, his present home. December 29. 1853, he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of William and Betsey Flumerfelt: she was born in Oxford, War- ren Co., N. J., Januaiy 16, 1828; her parents came to Oakland. Oakland County, \Fhere her father now lives, aged eighty-two years. ]Mr. and Mrs. Haines have three children, born as follows: Mary Josephine, February 21. 1857; B. Frank. February 27. IMiO; Will- iam L., February 10, 1N65. GILBERTE, HALL, P. O. Washington. Elias Hall was born in the State of New Hampshire Febniary U, 17'.)'.); he moved with his parents to the State of New York, where he was man-ied to IMi-s. Lydia Rood in the year IM'.t; he came with his family to Michi- gan, in 1832, where he settled on a farm owned by John Price, two miles south and one- half mile west of Romeo; here he lived one year; he then moved on a farm owned by a Mr. Porter, where he lived three years. With the mistaken idea that the timbered land was going to be the easier cleared and the Ijetter wheat land, he pm-ehased a farm of eighty acres, five miles south and one-half mile east of Romeo. On this farm he resided until his death, a period of forty-six years. His trade was that of a blacksmith; in thfv early settlement of Macomb County, he was the only man in the ci>unty who could make edged tools. IVIr. Hall was a respected and loved neighbor and friend, living a quiet home life and one of industry; he was a Freemason, and a Repuljlican in politics: he was of English descent; he died in his eighty-fourth year at the home of his youngest son, Gilbert, he having had the farm on condition of caring for his parents; the date of this pioneer's decease is Februarj' 12, 1882. Lydia Whitney was torn in Vermont March 5, 1795; she was man-ied to Horace Rood, of New York State, in 1815; she had two children ""^^f^ *M^ 824 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. — Laura, born at Pittsbnrgli, in IS If), and Hannah, born at Pittsburgh, in bSbS. Her lirst htishand died in ISIS. She married Eh' as Hall in ISIU, and, after a residence of thirteen years in New York, came to Michigan, in 1S32: she was a good and true wife, and labored as only such a woman can to make a home and bring up her childi-en; she was a member of the Christian Church; she died September 20, 1S76, having passed her eighty lirst birthday. To her seven children were born by her last husband — Horace, born at Rush, N. Y., in 1S2J, died in the Chattanooga Hospital in bS64; Cynthia, born in Rush, in 1S2;-]. died in infancy; Hiram, liorn at Rush in 1S26, is now a resident of Lamotte, Sanilac Co., Mich.; Sarah, born at Rush, in 1829. died at the home of her husband, Harry Kimball, in Washington. Mich.; Minerva, born in Rush, in 1831, is now a resident of Marlette. Mich. ; Cyrus. Iwrn in Washington Township, 1833, was killed at the battle near Warrentown Junction, Ya. ; Gilbert, born in Washington Township. 1836, is now a resident of Washington. Of the tirst two daughters — Laura and Hannah — Laura died at the home of her husband, Anson Grinnell, in Washington Township. The present residence of Hannah (Pen-y) Rood is Fentonville, Mich. P'RANK C. HARPER. P. O. Romeo, son of Francis Harper, was born in Tyrone (Jouuty. Leland. near Castlederg. June 2, 1857; he attended the national schools in te- land for a year, when he came with his mother, six sisters and iive brothers to the United States. The father, Francis Harper, was born in Tyrone County, Ireland, in 181(3, and lived in that county until 1864, when he came to tho United States; he was a son of Hugh Harper, also a native of Tyrone. Francis Harper was married to Miss Esther Bovaird, of Castlefinn, Donegal Co., Ireland, March 31, 1841; the children of this marriage were Hugh, born February 22. 1S42; Sarah, February 16. 1844; William, January 9, 184(); Mary Jane. November 5. 1848, died August, 18(35; Maggie, December 2, 1851; John. January 9, 1853; Lizzie and Elliott (twins), Febiiiary 22, 1855; Frank C, June 2, 1857; Rebecca. June 27, 1859, died June 12. 1880; Esther and George (twins). May 31, 1862, all born in Ireland, and Matilda, born at Hibernia, N. J., July 18. 1866. Mr. Harper. Sr. , came to Michigan with his family in April, 1868, and resided at Romeo un- til 1871, when he bought the Sisson farm of seventy acres, in Washington Township; here Mr. Harper resided until his death. November 29, 1879, when the property passed into the possession of Frank C. the present owner. Hugh married Mary Faulkner, and resides at Syracuse; Sarah inarried George Wadley, and resides in Florida; William mar- ried Eliza Spring, and lives in Sanilac; Maggie married James Hamilton, and resides in Lapeer; John married Mina Fox, and resides in Lapeer; Lizzie married Charles Oibbs, and resides in Gladwin County; Elliott is a blacksmith at Disco. Shelby Township; Es- ther is unmarried and residing at Lapeer with her sister, Mrs. Hamilton; George resides in Oakland County, and Matilda lives with her mother and brother on the homestead. Mrs. Harper, the mother of this family, was born at Castlefinn. Ii'eland. December 25, 1821 ; is a member of the M. E. Chui-ch. Hugh and Sarah Harper were the pioneers of the family in the United States; they arrived in Michigan in 1863. one year before their father immigrated. Mr. Harper, politically, is a Democrat. JOHN R. HAZARD. P. O. Mt. Vernon, was born in Shelby. Macomb County, Au- gust 14, 1822; he is the son of James and Hannah (Beebe) Hazard, the former born in Russell, Mass., July 26, 1796, the latter in Bennington, Vt.. July 18, 1798; she died July 3. 1845. Mr. H. of this sketch came to Michigan and lived for a time on the Hiu-on River, near Detroit; the land had not come into market, and he came to Macomb County, where he bought ninety acres of Government land, and, on the K^th of July. 1823, he received his patent. No. 108, signed by President Monroe; here he lived the remainder of his life; his death occurred in 1825. Mr. H. of this sketch was reared a farmer, and has made agi'iealture the business of his life; he owns 164 acres of improved land, which <. .1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. came into his possession in 1N57. This farm was formerly the homestead of Judge Hiirt. who purchased it in 1S22, and remained its owner until INST. Mr. H. was married. No vemher 15, 1S53. to Almira. daughter of Ephraim and Persis Graves (see sketch of G. E. Graves), natives, respectively, of Vermont and Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. H. have had two children — John O.. born May 22, 1S59, and Alma V., June 1^4, LS()I. Mr. H. is a Republican, and both himself and wife are members of the Baptist Chui'ch, of Mt. Ver- non. In 1S79, Mr. H. built an elegant and substantial residence on his farm at a cost of nearlv S5.000. RUSSELL T. HAZELTON, Superintendent of H. R. Hazelton's lumber-mills at Washington, Macomb County, was born in Ray Township, this county. May 1 1. 1849, and is a son of Thaddeus Hazelton, who was born in Canada September 12, 1812, and came to Macomb County in 1838. Thaddeus Hazelton married Louisa Roberts, born in Connecticut in 1819; they had eight children, of whom our subject is the seventh. At the age of fif teen, he left his parental roof and lived with his brother, Hiram R., in whose employ he still remains, on a large salary. He was married, in October, 187(1, to Miss HaiTiet Du- sett, by whom he had two children, one living, Jessie ]j. Mrs. Hazelton died September 17, 1877, and he again maiTied, January 1, 1879, this time to Miss Ida S. Jones. Mr. Hazelton is a member of the Congregational Church at New Haven; he has worked his way up by his own efforts: is a self-made man, a shrewd business man, and very ingen- ious, and successful in all his undertakings. THADDEUS HAZELTON, P. O. Romeo, was born in Ingham County, Mich., June 25, 1845; came to Macomb County in 1849, and went with his father's family to Missouri in 1857, returning to Michigan in 1861. He enlisted, when twenty years old, at Pontiac, in the Third Michigan \'olunteer Infantry, Company G, and was honorably discharged at Knoxville, Tenn. He commenced farming as an occupation in 18()S. November 9, 1871, he was married to Martha, daughter of Oliver Dudley, born December 11, 1S55: they have two sons — Orsel. born December 18, 1872: and Ransom, born September 14. 1874. RANSOM HAZELTON was born November 21, 1807. in Madison County, N. Y., and went to Canada with his ])arents when nine years old. In October, 1829, he was married to Polly Whiting, a native of the State of New York; they came to Michigan in Febraary, 1837, and reached Detroit just in time to participate in a celebration in that city on the admission of Michigan as a State; they settled in Aiu-elius, Ingham County, where they encountered all the vicissitudes and privations of pioneer life, and reared eight children — Allen, Delia, Adaline, Mary, David, Thaddeus, Sylvester and Clan-ie. Mr. Hazelton drew the fii-st load of lime to Lansing for the building of the capitol. In March, 1849. he set- tled in Ray. Macomb County, where he remained until 1857, when he went to Missouri and lived until the rebellion broke out, and. being a decided Union man, he was obliged to secm-e safety by change of locality, and. with a great deal of trouble, moved his family back to Michigan, which was no sooner accomplished than he enrolled as a soldier in the Fifth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, Company F. enlisting March 19, 1862, at Mt. Clem- ens; he was afflicted with goiter, and was discharged February 11, 1863, at Camp Pitcher: he re-enlisted, November 1, 1863, in the First Michigan Cavalry, Company A, and was discharged June 19. 1805, at Cumberland, Md.. on the Surgeon's certificate of disability from wounds received in the battle of the Wilderness; he was in the several actions at Williamsbiu-g, Fair Oaks, Malvern Hill, Seven Pines, Wilderness and Fredericksburg. He ret u-ned to Macomb County, where ho has followed the vocation of a farmer; he is now seventy-four yeai's old. and lives with his son Thaddeus. IRA P. HOLCOMB. P. O. Romeo, was born in Hartland, Niagara County, N. Y., September 24, 1817; is .son of Apollos and Mehitable (Bunnell) Holcomb; the former was .51 HISTORY OF MACOMB COT'NTY. born in 1701; was a soldier of 18] 2. and wounded at the burning of Bnifalo by the Brit- ish in 1814: a bullet struck his uplifted arm and sped to the shoulder; the ■" knuckle" of the elbow joint was cut off and came out of the wound, which was in a state of suppm-- ation two years, occasionally capping over; one day. he remarked to his son that he l>elieved the bullet had returned to the place of entry, and. taking his knife, probed the cavity and took out the bullet, which, with the fragment of bone, is in the possession of Mr. Hol- comb, of this sketch. His father died October 16, 1828, in Hartland. Micha Holcomb, father of Apollos Holcomb. was born in 1752; served in the Revolution, and died in 1840. in Washington. Macomb Co., Mich.: his wife was Hannah Hays. Mr. Holcomb came to Michigan at nineteen, and, after some prospecting, settled in Dryden, Lapeer Co., Mich. He was raan-ied to Elizabeth B., fifth daughter of Eben and Elizabeth (Corey) Taft, of Kingsville, Ashtabula Co., Ohio: she was born in Harrison. Cortland Co., N. Y., Mai'ch 1. 1S21. Mr. Taft was a native of New Hampshire; was a man of singularly noble and upright character; he became deaf fifteen years before his death, which occurred at Kingsville September 21), 1849; he felt his affliction most acutely, but only expressed regret at being depriv(»d of the privilege of hearing the Gospel preached: he used to say, with tears, that he had never expected to belong to the "stay-at-home"' class. He was seventy-eight years old. His wife was born in Vermont, and died at Kingsville Novem- ber 10, 1858, aged seventy-five years. Mr. and Mrs. Holcomb have five children born in Dryden as follows: Frank H., June S, 1847: Horace A., November i;j, 1N52: Ira P., Jr., December 29, 1854; Sarah J., March 6. 1,S57; Clara E., November 17, 1860. Mr. Hol- comb removed his family to Romeo December 1, 1S68, and. a year later, settled two miles south on Washington Center; after a stay of four and a half years, he went to a farm of 160 acres on Section 10. township of W^ashington. which is the present homestead. The patriot ancestor of Mr. Holcomb left in the family three varieties of ancient buttons — one stamped with the '" Mayflower; '" one a relic of the Revolution, with the "" eagle, "' and another sort whose date and meaning are unknown. AUGL'STUS M. HOVEY. P. O. Romeo, was born November 27. IS 10. in Warsaw. Genesee Co.. N. Y .: is son of Gurdon and Anna (Starkweather) Hovey; the former was born June 6, 1779. and died June 11,1870; the latter was born in "Williamstown, Mass., March 25, 1789, and died March 21, 18f)9; they came to Michigan in 1S25 and settled on Section 2, Washington Township, buying eighty acres of Government land, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Mr. Hovey has always pursued the calling of his father: at his death, he succeeded to the estate, and, in addition to agi'iculture, has been engaged some years in the manufacture of lumber in Lapeer County. He was maiTied, January 10, 1886, to Malvina Humphrey, of Almont. Mich. ; they had six children — Jul- iette, born February 17, 1837; Hiram A., December 8, 1838; Lavinia, September 13, 1840, deceased; Asa M., August 24, 1842; Lovina E., August 23, 1847: Martha E., August 24, 1 N53. Mrs. Hovey died September 20, 1 N58. Mj\ Hovey was married a second time, to Margaret Harper, born in Ireland May 21, 1S3N: both belong to the M. E. Church. Mr. Hovey is a Rejjublican in politics. JASON E. INMAN was born September 16, 1856, in Ray, Macomb Co., Mich.; is son of William and Harriet Inman. both of whom were born in New York, and are still living in this township. (See sketch of Mr. Inman.) Mi-. Inman, of this sketch, was married, September U>, 1879, to Mattie E., daughter of Henry and Amanda Shaw, who are residing in the village of Romeo; Mr. Shaw was born at Johnstown, N. Y.; Mrs. Shaw is a native of Onondaga. N. Y. Mrs. Inman was born September 9, 1859, in Washington, and is a member of the Baptist Church at Romeo. Mr. Inman is a Republican in polit- ical views. WILLIE J. INMAN. P. O. Romeo, was born in Ray, Macomb County, February 13. -^fn= rfxT l\^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COl'NTY. 1863; is son of William and Harriet (Teller) Inman; his father was born May 3, 1S31, in Greene County. N. Y. : his mother was third child of Jefferson J. and Margaret (Miller) Teller, born February 24. bS82. in Greene County. N. Y., and mari-ied January 1. 1S52. They were members of the M. E. Church, and had four children, viz. : Florence C. . born in Ray Township August 6. 1S53, is an artist: Jason E. , born in Ray September Ifi. lS[)f), married Mattie B. Shaw (see sketch); Willie J.; Cassius M. was born September K), ISfiS, in Washington, is at school. James Teller, father of Jefferson J., was born in Holland in 175U; was only son of Jacobus Teller, who died while he was young. James accom- panied an uncle to America, and was a patriot of the Revolution, serving in the commis- sary department, and was at the battle of Stony Point, on the Hudson River; he was en- gaged in the business of a furrier afterward, and was drowned in 1S07. while crossing Lake Erie; his wife, Sarah (Woolsey) Teller, was born near Marlboro. N. Y. ; thej' settled at Waterford, N. Y. ; the husband died, and the wife married Joshua Sutton, a member of the Society of Friends; she came to Michigan in IN3(), and died at her son Jefferson's in 1810. William Miller, maternal grandfather of Harriet Teller, was born in Portsmouth, England, August 14, 17H3; he was a marine in His Majesty's (King George) service, and was appointed Master of Arms on board the Rhinoceron in 17S2, and on the Nestal. Briti.sh frigate, in the Revohitionary war; after his discharge, he was licensed to exhort in the Methodist Church. His wife. Margaret Brundige, was born in Nova Scotia December 20, 1770. and died June 1, 1S51 : they came to Michigan from Hunter, Greene Co., N. Y., and settled in Bruce. Macomb County, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Mr. Miller died March 25. 1859. They had seven sons and f oiu- daughters. Jefferson J. Tel- ler was born October 20. 1805. in Greene County. N. Y. ; came to Michigan in 1824 and settled in Addison, Oakland County, and was for many years a local preacher in the Protest- ant Methodist Church. Margaret (Miller) Teller was born February 14, 1805. in Greene County, N. Y. . and married in 1820. Jefferson Teller died in Richfield, Genesee Co., Mich.. February 14, 1875; they had seven daughters and two sons. John Inman, father of William Inman, was born in Greene County, N. Y.. November 23. 1801. He was mar- ried to Jane Gass October 20, 1820, and settled in Ray Townshiji in October. 1831, and died December 22. 1843. William and Eleaner Gass came from Scotland to America in 1774, and settled in Lexington. Greene Co.. N. Y. ; a son, John Gass, was born in 1770, who married Rebecca McGregor, of Scotch parentage; they had seven sons and seven daughters, one of whom was Jane, who married William Inman; they settled in Ray in 1837; thirteen children gi-ew to maturity and settled adjacent to each other, and formed the ■•Gass settlement.'" The descendants by direct lineage and intennarriages number 330, of whom 275 are living, and 200 of whom attended a Gass re-union of recent date, held at Davis, Macomb Countv. WILLIAM INWOOD, P. 0. Romeo, was born February 28. 1701, at Headley Park. Hampshire, England; is son of James and Mary Inwood, the former a native of Hamp- shire. England, the latter of Batts' Corners. Surrey. England. William Inwood and his wife, grandparents of Mi'. Inwood of this sketch, were born in the same shire in England. Mr. Inwood was maiTied, in March. 1N21, to Charlotte Remnent. of Surrey, England; of ten children born to them, seven are still living — three sons and four daughters, viz. : Ruth. Mi's. Andrew Wood, of Feutonville. Genesee County; James, living in Cannon. Kent Co.. Mich. : Mary. Mi-s. Henry Douglass, of Fentonville, Mich.; Esther, Mrs. Penn- ington, of Rockford, Kent Co., Mich.; William, farmer in Washington; Henry and Ara- minta, residing with their parents. Mr. Inwood landed at New York in the spring of 1837, and settled in Washington, where he has spent the majority of his time, working at his trade of mason and bricklayer; about twenty years ago, he located on 200 acres of land, which constitutes his present homestead; he and his wife are members of the Bap ■^y ^ 'liL HISTOHY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tist Church. Mr. Inwood is the second oldest man in the town, and is ninetj-one years old: he served in the battle of Waterloo, and his grandfather was a soldier in the British army during the entire struggle between Great Britain and the Colonies. Mr. Inwood is a Republican in political views. HENRY JERSEY (deceased), was born January 2S, 17i)l; was scm of Richard and Isabelle (Palmer) Jersey: they vpere natives of New York; the former died February 10. ISSl. aged seventy-two: the latter, July 10, 1833, at seventy-two years of age. He was married to Sophia Price, in Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y., and in liS23 came to Michigan; he took up 120 acres of Government land in Washington, being the third set- tler in that township; everything was in a state of jarimeval wilderness, and he built a log house; the family lived in it about eighteen years, when Mr. Jersey built a dwelling of brick, made by himself from clay beds on his farm; they were worked until about 1.S75, and supplied brick for the construction of many buildings in the village of Romeo. Mr. and Mrs. Jersey had three childi'en when they came to this township, and the fom-th child, Mary Jane -Jersey, was the first white child born in Washington; live others were born to them, and all remember the wandering bauds of Indians who were as plenty as the forest leaves iu their young days; the trail of the dusky throng who made their trips to Detroit for their payments, while Cass was Governor, crossed the Jersey farm. Mrs, Jersey was born in Frederick City, Md., January '23, ITitU, and died Se2itember 7, 18()7; she was entirely blind sixteen years; her parents. Philip and Ann Maria Price, were of German extraction: they took up 100 acres of land in Washington, and, iu 1824, built a log house, now occupied i)y William W, Jersey, the oldest house in the township). Mr. Jersey and his wife wei-e adherents of the Uaiversalist Church; with the first money ($5) he earned when a boy. he bought a Bible, which is still preserved in the family; his knowledge of its contents was wonderful; he was never known to err in the place and diction of a quo- tation from it. His pioneer experiences were as striking as others that have been related; he once shot a wolf from his open door, and at one time, when boiling sap in the woods alone at night, he heard a gang of wolves overpower and kill a deer not far away; he took a biu-ning brand and hurried home, and the next night caught one of the marauders in a trap baited with the remains of the deer, which he found in the morning. Mr. Jersey died April IK, ISSU. The family burial-place is in the Central Cemetery of the township; all the gi'andparents, the parents and deceased children are bm-ied there. Following is the record of the children: Betsey Ann was born March 20, 1819: mai-ried Samuel Way- cott, a native of London, England, a cai'penter and joiner; she was a member of the Chris- tian Church, and died July 4, 18(51. James Harlow was born February 25. 1.821 ; he was a teacher, and married Julia A. Davison; settled on IfiO acres in Hadley. Lapeer County; in liSSS, he went to Pike's Peak; was heard from the next fall, since which time there is no trace of him, William W. was born April 2S, 1822; he married Emily Beebe. a na- tive of Rush, N. Y., and is a carpenter. Mary Jane was born February 12, 1S24; she lives on the old homestead, where she has spent her life thus far. Peter Hazzard was born September 2(5, 1825; married Margaret Smith, and is a marble engraver. George Alonzo was born March 13, 1S28; married Lydia Dudley and settled in Hadley. Lapeer County; he died January (j. 187(5; like his father, he was remarkably well versed in the Bible. Ransom Wellington was born August 23. 18211; mairied Sarah Kennedy, and is a marble-dealer in Romeo. Sarah Ann was born July 14, 1831; man-ied J. P. Sisson, a farmer of Aa-mada, in March, 18(51, Philip Price was born December 28, 1833; married Augusta Redtield; he was a musician in Gale's Band, of Pontiac, in the civil war; he is a music teacher and marble engraver; is a member of the Masonic order. Henry Jersey was a soldier of 1812; the last •• general training'' in the township of Washington was held on his farm. 4 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. RICHARD JERSEY, son of Richard and Mablp (Palmer) .Jersey, was born October \'I. 17U7: his parents were early settlers of Wiudom County, N. Y.. where, on the Catskill Mountain farm, the subject of this sketch was born. Mr. .Jersey immigrated in I.S'24. and located a tract of land on Section 12, Washington Township. Seven years previously, in 1 ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Capt. Lockwood died iu Dutchess County, N. Y., in 17U5. Timothy, fourth son. was born in Dutchess County in 17(>3; he married Mi-s. Esther (Townsend) Mead, who died in May, 1S4N: he went to" Greene County, N. Y.. and, in February, ISll, to Cayuga County, where he died in March. IS 12: he was the father of nine children — Jeremiah. Polly, Lydia, Lebbeus, Abigail, Lucinda. .Jane, Zebulon and Stephen; the first six were born in Dutchess County, the last three in Greene County; Abigail and Stephen are now living; Jeremiah, eldest son, was born January 21, 17S5, and married. January 15. IHOS, to Han- nah Arnold; in 1822, they came to Michigan and located on Section 33, in Washington, Macomb County: they reared ten children- Electa, born October 6, 1808, married Daniel Nichols, and died September 12, 1842; Harry, October 8, 1810, died October 12. 1812; Amanda, February <). 1813. married Zimri Curtis, resides in Addison, Oakland Co., Mich. ; Wdliam, November 2'J, 1 SI 4, married Mary Winslow, resides near Saginaw. Mich. ; Maria, September 11, 1820. man-ied Calvin Parker, living in Avon, Oakland Co.. Mich.; Rhoda, January lo, 1823. married Chester Andrews, resides in Shelby, Macomb County: Lydia, February 27, 1827, died April 15, 1844; Hiram, July 13, 1829, died in 18(>»); Cyrenus, August 27, 1832, drowned in the Straits of Mackinaw October 22. 1851; Thomas L., Jan- uary!, 183U, died August 20. 1842: Welburn, May 4. 1841, enlisted in the war of the rebellion, and died at Hospital No. 3, Jackson. Tenn. . January Ifi. 18(')3. Mi-. Lock- wood's wife died March 8. 1835. He was married again. October 7. 1837. to Mrs. Jane (Littlewood) Tweddell: she died June (>, 18(57, leaving two children: he died December 10, 185H, and is buried in the Washington south burial ground. Timothy, fifth child and third son, was born in Genesee County, N. Y. November lU. 1817: married Mabel, daughter of Pelog Evvell, February 2, I84r) (see sketch of E. P. Ewell). Mi-. Lockwood settled on Section 32. Washington. Macomb Co.. Mich., where he resided until the fall of 1878, when he purchased his present residence on Section 33. Mr. and Mrs. Lockwood have had five children, all of whom are living. Following is their record: Murray, born December 7, 184(). married Lucinda Lintz January 2R. 1867, and lives in Oakland, Oakland Co., Mich. : Thomas J.. June 1, 184S, married Clara Dairs October lU, 1S((), lives near Portland, Ionia Co., Mich.: Flora G., September O, 1851, married T. C. Miller March 10, 1S71. resides on Section 33, Washington; Cyi-enus E.,born December 14, 1855, married Ida F. Dairs October 2. 1878: resides on the old homestead, Section 32, Wash- ington; Clara I., born August 10, 185H. JOHN S. MAJOR, P. O, Mt. Vernon, was born February 29. 1841, in Warren County, N. J.; is son of Conrad and Elizabeth Major. He came to Oakland. Oakland Co, Mich., in 1855, and engaged in farning; in iSril). he bought 110 acres on Section 18, in Wash- ington. Macomb County: besides the management of his farm, he is engaged to consider- able extent in buying cattle, sheep and hogs for the Detroit and Eastern markets. He was married. December 31, 18()2, to Lanah V. Cole, of Oakland: she was born October 31, 1842, and is daughter of Christian and Sarah Cole; her parents were born in Warren County, N. J. Mr. and Mrs. Major have four children — Frank R., born June (i, 18()4; Sadie E., March 27, iSf)*): Melvin D.. November 10, I8()8: John M, March 3. 1S71. Mr. Major is a Democrat. His farm is finely situated, in the near vicinity of the post office and village of Mt. Vernon, in Washington Township. JAMES MASSIE. P. O. Romeo, was born in December, 1821, in Aberdeenshire, Scotland: is son of Andrew and Elizabeth Massio, natives of the same place. Mr. Massie was married. December 12, 184f), to Christian Tayler, of the parish of St. Fergus, Scot- land; she is a daughter of Nathaniel and Mary fayler. and was born in October, 1821. Mr. and Mrs. Massie have eight children, born in " Auld Scotia," as follows: William, April 4, 1847; Mary, June 10, 1849; James, August U"), 1852; Alexander, July 29, 1855; Margaret, December 23, 1858; John, July 14, 18fj0; Robert, April P>. 1862: and Susan, ^a HISTOBY OF MACOMB COUNTY. April '2, 1865. They have au adopted son, James, horn in Scotland April 22, 1869. The family landed at Quebec in June, 1872; they lived in Canada about three years, and then located on a farm on Section 6, in Washington. Mr. Massie has always been a farmer, as was his father before him. Mrs. Massie is a daughter of a farmer, but her forefathers were fishermen. ADAM C. MOYERS, P. O. Romeo, was born January 7, 1S22, in Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y. ; was fourth son and fifth child of Henry and Margaret (Clark) Moyers (see sketch of Frederick Knight). He came to Michigan with his parents in 1825, when about four years of age: his father liought KiO acres of land in Washington, where he grew to man- hood and was reared to the calling of a farmer, which he has pursued through life. Mr. Moyers purchased ISO acres of valuable land on Section 21 about thirty-two years ago, which is his present homestead. He was married. February H. bS52, to Elsie, daughter of Elisha and Mary M. Smith, natives of New Jersey; she was born April 3. 1S8H, in Warren County, N. J.; they have six children, born as follows: Margaret E.. November 1, 1854: Mary M., March 21, 1856; Harriet E., October 2(), 1857; Cassius E., October 2, 18<)0: Judson C, August :!, 1S('6; Neil O., June 5. 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Moyers belong to the Baptist Church of Mt, Vernon. Mr. Moyers is a Republican in political views. HENRY MOYERS, P. O. Romeo, was born in Rush, Monroe Co.. N. Y.. February 1. 1S21; he is the son of Henry and Margaret Clark Moyers (see sketch of Frederick Knight). They came to Michigan in 1825 and settled on Section 23, in Washington, where they purchased a farm of 160 acres, and where they passed the remainder of their lives. Mr. Moyers of this sketch purchased his first landed possessions in Oxford, Oak- land County, including 105 acres of land; he lived on it about six years, and sold out, buying his present homestead, on Section 21, in Washington, where he owns 140 acres of first-class land, situated about two miles from the post office of Mt. Vernon and five miles from the village of Romeo; he also owns forty acres in the township of Ray. He was married, March 17, 1834, to Cynthia Shoemaker, of Oxford. Mich.: they had three chil- dren—Eva, born August 10. 18*54: Clarissa. May 26, 1857: Margaret M., August 2, 1859, died February 8, 1863. Mi-s Moyers died September 15, 1863. Mr. Moyers was man-ied again, March 13. 1872, to Mary L., daughter of Stephen and Hannah M. Warren, born March 21, 1849, in Newport, Mich.; her father was born in New York, and her mother is a native of England. Mr. and Mrs. Moyers have two children— Ward A., born October 10. 1877; and Beecher V., August 30. 1879. Mr. Moyers' father was a German orator; his mother was of Irish extraction; the former was born June 3. 1783. died June 1. IS46; the latter was born May 27, 1792, and died June 18. 1874: Alexander Clark, her brother, was born in 1775, and died December 29, 1S()8. J. W. NIMS. P. O. Romeo, was born September 28, 1X39. in Huntington, Vt. ; is the son of Dr. Eeul].>u and Sophia Whiton Nims: in 1854, his parents settled in Lexington, Mich., and. a year after, came to Macomb County and bought 120 acres of land on Sec- tion 1, where his father died February 2. 1N()9; his mother was born March 15. 1799. in Montague, Franklin Co., Mas.s. She was married, May 13, 1824, in Lee. Mass.. and be- came the mother of nine children, seven of whom survive: she is living on the homestead with her son. Mr. Nims, of this sketch, to whom the patrimonial estat"" descended on his father's death, and which now comprises 145 acres. Mi-. Nims has held the position of Supervisor for nine years, and other minor township offices: politically, he is a Republican. Hannibal H. Nims, his brother, served in the war of the rebellion three years; was Captain of Company K, Tenth Michigan Volunteur Infantry, and was killed in the battle at Jones- boro, Ga. SILAS NYE, P. O. Romeo, son of Jefferson Nye, who was born at Pittsford. N. Y., January 9, 1802, was born June 21, 1832, in Washington Township, Macomb, whither his >|^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. parents came in 1S24; the grandfather Nye was named Nathan, a native of Salem, Mass., whose parents are supposed to have come from England; Grandmother Nye was a mem- ber of the Stone family, of Massachusetts, and a soldier of the war of IS 12. Jefferson Nye married Hannah Hayden April 2H, 1N2(); this lady was a native of Rush, N. Y., born October 9, ISO."), daughter of Silas and Bebecca Hayden, of Connecticut, the former serv- ing nearly six years in the Revolution. They were the parents of seven children, viz. : Alice, born March H, 1S27, now living on the homestead where she was born: Amelia, born August U>, 1S2S, died October Ki. lS4r): Norton B., May 14, ISHO, living at Fenton- ville, married to Miss Sarah C. Smith, daughter of Jacob Smith, of this county, formerly of New York State; Silas Nye, born June 21, 1882, now residing on the homestead farm; Daniel H., born May fi, 1884, died September 20, \HH')\ Delora, born September 4, ISIJT. died October 22, 1844; Viola, born March 27, 1848. died July 80, 184r)^all born in Washington Township. Silas Nye was married, February (1. 18()(), to Miss Jane Eliza- beth Hopkins born February 19, 188."), daughter of Hiram M. Hopkins, born at Middle- bury. N. Y.. in 1S08, died February 2, 1842, and of Polly (Price) Hopkins, born October 18, 1810, at Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y., both settling in Macomb about 1824; the parents of Mrs. Polly (Price) Hopkins were Phillip Price, born at Frederick. Md., October U>. liSO; and Anna Maria Sulzer, born at Frederick about the year 1781: they came to Michigan in 1824; the former died August 2(), 18.")8, and the latter February 4. 18.J7. Mr. Nye and wife are the parents of Alvin Jefferson, born June 10, ISIJS; Hiram, infant son of Silas Nye, born December 7, died December 12, 1871. The children of Hiram and Polly (Price) Hopkins are Charles, born March 9, 1884; Jane E. (Mrs. Silas Nye), born February 19, 183"); Maria, born October 28, 1887; George M., born June 18, 1889— all natives of Washington Township, Macomb County. Mr. Nye owns two fiu-ms in Macomb County — one of eighty acres and one of forty acres — together with 200 acres of wild land in Section 19, Township 2 south. Van Biu-en County, Mich. ; he devotes his time principally to agri- culture and stock-raising; his nursery is one of the best-selected and kept in Michigan; flowers, shrubs and trees are cultivated with great care, and meet with ready sale thi-ough- out Macomb, Oakland and counties adjacent; he never sought for public office. The mem- bers of the family are represented in the Methodist Episcopal, Congregational, Baptist and Universalist societies of Shelby and Washington: the Hopkins family belong principally to the Methodist Episcopal Church, and both the Nye and Hopkins family ai-e stanch sup- porters of the Republican party. ADDISON G. PRATT, P. O. Davis, farmer. Section 8-"), Washington Township, was born August 14, 1848, in Clinton, Macomb Co., Mich.; is son of Luther and Sarah Pratt, the former a native of Vermont and the latter born in the Province of Ontario, Canada; they settled in the township of Clinton in an early period of the history of the county. Mr. Pratt, of this sketch, was married, August 4, 18()7. to Melissa, daughter of Samuel D. and Mercy (Briggs) Sbattuck, of Chestertield, Macomb County; she was born July II, l84o, in that township; her iather was born in Hampshire County, Mass., February 1-"), 1811; her mother was born in Middlesex, Ontario Co., N. Y., July 22, 1818; the former died June 28, 18-11, in Chesterfield. Mr. and Mrs. Pratt have one child. Pearl L.. born in Lenox March 29, 187-"). Mr. Pratt is a member of Macomb Lodge of Brooklyn, No. 64, F. & A. M. ; he adheres to the principles of the Democratic party. LUTHER PROCTER, P. O. Romeo, was born in Armada, Macomb Co., Mich., May 10, 1830; is son of John and Sarah Freeman Proctor; the former was a native of Alstead. N. H., born July 18, 1799: the latter was born in Berkshire. VL, April 18. ISO.'); his par- ents came to Michigan and bought 120 acres on Section 81. in Armada, where they settled October 11, 1824; the father died August 8, lS()t); the mother, December 28, 18()2. Mr. Procter has been a fanner all his life, with the exception of seven years, when he operated jda ^4^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUKTY. a gi'ist-mill in Ray Township. April 24. LS(i4, he bought his present homestead of eighty acres in Washington, to which he has added by purchase until he owns 114 acres of lirst- class land, lying one mile east of Romeo Village. He was married, April H), 1861), to Harriet L., daughter of Azariah W. and Miranda Leach Sterling, of Washington Tp. ; she was born April U>. 1S3(); her parents were natives of Lima, Livingston Co., N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Procter have one child, Charles S., born March 21, ISOT. Mr. Procter is a Re- publican in political views. BENJAMIN PROCTER, born in Gloucester. Mass., August 21, \Hu. died at Al- stead, N. H., March 20, 1854; his wife, Susanna Lowe Procter, born at Ipswich, Mass.. January 21, 1773, died at Alstead, N. H., April ~>. 18-'')8; the mother of Benjamin Procter was Rachel Woodbiuy, and his wife's mother, Martha Story; the great-grandfather of Lu- ther Procter, of Washington Township, was John Procter, who sold his farm in the Rev- olutionary days, took his pay in Government money, and lost all; subsecjuently, he settled with his brother on Isle of Canchon, and, after the drowning of his brother Benjamin, inherited that property. John removed to Alstead, where the grandfather of the present Procters, Benjamin, lived many years, until his death, in 18r)4. Rufus Choate, a relative of the family, was born in the island: the present Rufus Choate makes the locality his home. DAVID B. RIBBLE, P. O. Romeo, was born April 10, 181(), in Warren County, N. J. ; is son of David and Sarah Ribble, both natives of New Jersey, of German pai'entage. Ml-. Ribble was married, January 4. 184<), to Mary, daughter of Henry and Mary Albert- sou, both natives of Holland; they had two childi-en — Albert, born August 30. l847; and Sarah, born July 20, 1S4U. Mi-s" Ribble died February 4. 1850. Mi-. Ribble was again married, April 27, 1854, to Margaret Ann, daughter of John and Elizal)eth Buchner. of Sussex County, N. J.; the record of their childi-en is as follows: Watson F., born May 25, 1856; Edwin C, July 2, 1859; Lizzie F., August 2, 18()5; Anna Mary, May 25, 1868; Carrie E., June 24, 1872; Evangeline, October 12, 187('). Mr. and Mrs. Ribble are mem- bers of the Episcopal Church. Mi-. Ribble is a Reimblican in politics. S. M. RITTER, P. O. Romeo, was born in Erie County, N. Y., February 10, 1833; is son of John and Susan Ritter, natives oE Lancaster County, Penn. Mr. Ritter came to Michigan August 19, 186)4, and settled in Avon, Oakland County, where he was engaged three years operating a grist-mill: on leaving Avon, he went to Mt. Clemens, and was em- ployed there as a miller three years; he next engaged in a mill in Ray, and, three years after, came to Washington, where he is now foreman in the Clifton Mill, located on Section 7, a position he has tilled eight years. He was married. June 27, 1856, to Sarah Ann, daughter of Reuben and Maria Lintz, of Erie County, N. Y. ; both her pai-ents were natives of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Ritter was born in Erie County, N. Y., July 6, 1840. Following is the record of their childi-en's births: Lucy A., April 29, 1857; John H., September 28, 185,S; Reuben, July 26, IStiO; Franklin S., January 5, 18()2; Charlotte M., August 2(). 18<)(); Rosalie E., February 14, 18()8; Ai'thiu-, December 12, 18 lO; Elmer, December 11, 1871: James B., February 9, 1S77; Olive P., August 9, ISSl; Amelia A., born December 24, 1864. Mr. Ritter is a member of the Masonic order, and acts with the Republican party. JAMES H. ROSE was born November 12. 1797. in Bloomtield. Ontario Co., N. Y. ; is the son of Nathan and Elizabeth Rose, both natives of Massachusetts; the former was born in 1783. and died in 1N4S; the latter died in 1800. Ml-. Rose came to Michigan in March. 1826, and settled in Washington, on Section 2<), where he bought eighty acres of land and lived one year on it; by occupation he is a carpenter and joiner, and, after his father's death, he retiu-ned to New York to settle the estate; he remained there fifteen years, and came back to Washington, where he has since lived: he has held the office of Constable and Collector fourteen years; he has also been Town Treasurer four years; pu- liticaliy, he is a Republican; he was one of the earliest settlers, and was present at the first town meeting, and suggested the name of Washington for the name of the town; he is a member of the M. E. Church, which hi> joined in 1S4"); \vas formerly connected with the Sons of Temperance, and belongs to the Washington Grange. He was married. De- cember 'iH, 1817, to Phcebe Keeler, a native of Kush, N. Y., daughter of Nathan and Han- nah Keeler; they have four childi-en, born as follows: Myrm H., July 11, 1818; Sabuna, September 27, 1820; John. September 8, 1822, died April .">, 1845; and Mary Ann. born March 2, 1825. Mrs. Rose died September 8, 1821), in Washington. JOHN V. RUSH. P. O. Mt. Vernon, was born April IS, 1821, m Oxford. Warren Co., N. J. ; is son of Peter and Esther Rush, both natives of New Jersey; the former was born in 1785, and died July 8, 1N41 ; the latter was born in 1787, and died April fi, 1848. The paternal grandsire was a soldier in the Revolution, and lived more than eighty years, dy- ing in Warren County, when Mr. Rush, of this sketch, was about eighteen years of age, his wife having died some fifteen years previous to that event. Mr. Rush came to Mich- igan in 1S44 and settled in Macomb County; he bought 110 acres, his homestead, on Sec- tion 18. ^Vashington, in 1850, where he is pleasantly situated; his farm is in a jirogres- sive state of cultivation, and has a substantial dwelling house and accessory buildings. Mr. Riish was married, December 7, 184S, to Samantha, daughter of Jesse and Harriet Fangboner, of Washington; Mrs. Rush was born December 8, 1827, in Oxford. Warren Co., N. J.; her father was born in the same county October 20, 1S()4; her mother, April 211, 1804. Ml-, and Mrs. Rush have six children living — Alma, born September 28. 1849, wife of J. L. Petty, of Lansing; Lee, February 2, 1N57; Katie, December 15, 1858; Emma A., August 13, 18()l; Maggie E., November 21, 18()H; and Susie. March 25, ],S()(); all but one live with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Rush ai-e members of the Baptist Church of Mt. Vernoji. Mr. Rush is a Republican, and has acted three vears as Road Commissioner. JOHN SANBORN, P. O. Almont. FRANKLIN E. SCOTT. P. O. Romeo, was born in Washington. Macomb County, August 25, 18Hy; is the son of Silas and Persis Scott, the former a native of Canada, who came to Macomb County in 181(); the latter of Connecticut; his father took up eighty acres of land in Washington in 1824, adding to his estate by purchase until his farm ag- gregated 120 acres; he died in 1870. Mr. Scott was married, October 31, 18(>5, to Char- lotte E., daughter of Edward S. and Ann Suover. natives of New Jei-sey. Mrs. Scott was born June 13, 1842. They have six children, born as follows: Josephine L.. July 15. 1868; S. Franklin. June 5. 1870; E Ann, September 18. 1871; C. M. Clay, March 4, 1874; William E.. xMay 25. 187C): Charlotte E.. April 20, 1880. Mrs. Scott is a member of the M. E. Church at Romeo. Mr. Scott is a Republican, and both himself and wife belong to the Patrons of Husbandry. The family reside on the old homestead. LY SANDER K. SHAW, P. O. Romeo, was born June 11. 1827, in Jefferson County, N. Y. ; is son of Marvil and Roxana (Kennedy) Shaw, natives of the State of New York. The parents came to Michigan (probably) about 1833. and took up forty acres of Govern- ment land in the township of Washington, Section 5; they afterward added to their estate by purchase until the homestead possessions included 30O acres of selected land; he also purchased 400 acres in Oxford, Oakland County; 520 acres neai- Romeo; and 1.200 acres in Wisconsin. 5()0 of which were improved. Marvil Shaw was born August 22, 1802, in Ful- ton County, N. Y. ; died September 17, 1S7(). in the village of Romeo: he left 3,020 acres of land to his heirs, and $35,94(5 in notes and mortgages. Mr. Shaw, of this sketch, has been a farmer all his life; he began his contest with the world on 140 acres of land be- longing to his father, and purchased 120 acres adjoining; on the death of his father, he became ovraer of the whole, and on this farm has lived twenty years; he removed to Ro- ^' fe^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. meo and spent six years, and then took up his abode where he now lives, comprising 3S() acres, with good dwelling and suitalale and commodious accessory buildings. He was married, January 27. INSO, to Mai-garet, daughter of Daniel and Belinda (Bronson) Frost, of Washington; she was born March S, 1S52, in Berlin. St. Clair County. By a former marriaga, Mr. Shaw has three children. He has distributed among them about $8(),0()(), establishixig them in comfort. He is an adherent to the principles of Democracy. JOSEPH SIKES (deceased), was born March 13, IS09. in Granville, Washington Co.. N. Y. ; was the sou of Noah and Mehitable (Smith) Sikes; both parents died before Mr. Sikes attained his majority, leaving two children — Joseph and Sybil. Joseph Sikes came to Michigan in 1S81. and worked some years at his trade of millwright. He was manied. OcLober 27. 183f). to Electa Wilcox, of Rochester, Oakland County; she died March 24, 1S39. leaving a daughter, now Mi-s. Smith Cahoon, born December 1, 1838. In October. 1841, Mr. Sikes bought a farm in Washington, where he passed the remainder of his life. He was a second time married, to Mrs. Emily (Turrell) Throop, March 29, 1846; her parents were Joel and Mary Grey Turrell, the former born in Connecticut, January 10, 1785, the latter February 27, 1791, in Pemisylvania; they were married Feb- ruary 3, 1810, and a few years after removed from Pennsylvania to the State of New York. Mr. Turrell was a mechanic. His wife was distinguished for her earnest interest in the cause of temperance before the |>ublic agitation of the question. Their trip to the Em- pire State wes by the Susquehanna River, and Mrs. Turrell was much annoyed by the drunkenness of the sailors. The Captain noticed her discomfitui'e, and, taking posse-ssion of the passing bottle, discharged its contents into the stream and presented it to her. Her daughter, Mi's. Sikes, still preserves the flask as a memento of her mother's devotion to principle. An incident preserved in the family tradition was the capture of the grandmother of Mrs. Sikes, in the early period of the county's history, by the Indians. Her captivity lasted seven years, when she was restored to the possession of her supposed parents, but complete identification was never established. Joel TiuTell and his wife moved to Washington, Macomb County, in 1835; the former died March 3, 1867: the lat- ter July 19, 1874. They had sixteen children, of whom Mrs. Sikes was sixth in order; she was born in Henrietta, Monroe Co., N. Y.. January 21, 1M8, and was married, April 11, 1837, to Burchai'd Ezra Throop, of Washington, Macomb County; Mr. Throop died November 24, 1838, leaving a son, Burchard Ezra Throoj), Jr,, born April 7, 183S; the latter grew to manhood, and, in the fall of 1861, was married to Annie E. Ackerman, and soon after enlisted in the Ninth Michigan Infantry; he was dis- charged at the expiration of five mouths, permanently disabled; he died in Omro. Wis., Jul}' 13, 1864, leaving one son — Willie, born February 14, IS63. Mr. Throop, Jr.. died among sti'angers of an acute disease, but smTounded by all the care and kindness of inter- ested friends. Delays in telegrams prevented the arrival of his wife until after his burial. Mr. T. B. Shipman, at whose house he stopped by chance, paid the highest tribute to his character as evidenced in his last hours. Joseph Sikes and his wife Emily (Turrell Thi'oop) Sikes became the parents of four childi'en, born as follows; M;iry Ellen, October 10, 1849; Mai'sha Emma, Sei)tember5. 1851, died January 2, 1853; Mattie Elynn, Novem- ber 5, 1853, married to Homer J. Oxford, of Pontiac. Oakland County. April 16. 1879; Charles B., December 24, 1S62. Mr. Sikes died November 5, 187N; in the character of Mr. Sikes was one to command the best esteem of his associates; he was upright, honor- able and industrious, a most successful farmer, unblemished in character and of decidedly religious inclinations, though not a member of any church. Mrs. Sikes belongs to the Baptist Church; her childi'en are connected with the Congregational Society. DANIEL T. SMITH. P. O. Borneo, farmer. Section 15, Washington, was born Feb ruary 11, 1841. in Washington; is the son of Elisha and Mary (Tinsman) Smith; he is HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. the fifth of nine children: was maiTied to Marcia H.. daughter of James M. and Calista E. Vaughan (see sketch): she was born May 150, I.S4(). in AVashingtou: the marriage was solemnized by Rev. William Campbell. December IS, ISOP). at the Washington Church, which was raised on the day of her birth, and is the only instance of a marriage ceremony within its walls; they have four children, born as follows: Mildred Belle. September IS, 1S()7; Edna Louisa. April 28. INTO; Lulu Maud. February 13. 1872: Daniel Tinsman, January -JO. 1N75. Mr. Smith was reared a farmer and educated at Romeo: he owns a farm of 1()() acres, tinelv situated, on Sections 10 and 15; he was engaged about twelve years as a stock-buyer for Eastern markets; in 18(19, he bought the Washington Hotel, of his father-in-law. and nine months later exchanged it for the Fenton Mill projierty in Ray Township, where he was associated a short time in business with his brother: he has since been engaged in agricultiu-e and lumbering, which latter he has been, since ISSO, prosecuting in Washington, under the style of Preston & Smith. ELISHA SMITH (deceased), was 'born May 18. 1807. in Wan-en County. New Jersey; he was the sou of John and Elsie SmitJi. both of whom were from New Jersey. Mi". Smith came to Michigan in the spring of 1889. and settled in Washing- ton on 1()0 acres of land, on Section 17, which he had bought three years previously, and where he lived at the time of his death, which occurred March 14. l875: he was married, December 4, iS28, in Hope. Warren Co.. N. J., to Mary M.. daughter of William and Elizabeth Tinsman: the former was born November 10, 1788, in New Jersey, and died December (*). 1852: the latter was born May 15, 1787, in New Jersey, and died March 2, 18(')8. Mr, and Mrs. Smith had nine children, born as follows: Elizabeth T., February 10, 1880: Elsie. April 8, 1888; Sarah A.. October 9, 1885; Harriet, May 28, 1S8S; Daniel T,, February 11, 1841; John W.. December 19, 1848: Rachel M.. January 4, 1847; Lorissa Jane, December 2S, 1.S4N, and Emma L. . June 9, 1852. Mr. Smith be- longed to the M. E. Church. Mrs. Smith is a member of the same society, and resides with her daughter Emma (Mrs. F. J. Crissman) on the homestead property. Francis J. Crissman was born May 18, 1848, in Washington Mr. and Mrs. C. have had four chil- dren, born as follows: Mary M., April 80, 1S75; Eliza S.. June 10, 187G; Nina E., March 11. 18()8, and Bruce, January 14, 1880, died September 15. 1881. Mrs. Crissman belongs to the M. E. Church. JOHN J. SNOOK. P. O. Ut. Vernon, farmer, and author of the ■■ The Centennial Trip in Rhyme." was born April 1(5. 1842, in Clinton. Macomb County: his great-grand- father, John Snook, was born in Wellington. England; his grandfather. James Snook, was a native of the same place, born January 5. 1794; he reached New York, June 8. 1817. and settled in Clinton. Macomb County. June 8, 1886. James H. Snook, father of J. J . of this sketch, was born in London. November 18, 1810. Mr. Snook's mother. Sarah Ann R. (Axtell) Snook, was born March 8. 1817. at Columbus. Ohio: her earliest traced an- cestor was Henry Axtell. born in 1(541, in England. Following is the direct line from him: Daniel.' born in 1()78. in Massachusetts; Henry, born in Massachusetts in 1715; Maj. Henry Axtell, of Revolutionary fame, born in Massachusetts in 1788; Silas, born in Mendham, N. J., in 17()9; Samuel L.. born November 11. 1790, in Mendham, N. J., father of Mrs. S. A. R. Snook. J. J. Snook was married. December 25. 18(>(_i. to Ella C. daughter of Jacob P. and Maria S. (Davis) Davis, of Clinton, Macomb County, whore she was born. August 10, 1844. J. P. Davis was born July 18, 1798, in Shokan, Ulster Co., N. Y. ; he located in Clinton in 1841, and was the son of Peter and Theodocia Davis, who both died in Shokan, aged ninety-seven years. Mrs. Snook's mother was born May 24, 1812, in Orange County, N. Y. : her grandfather, Jason Davis, was born in the same county, September 20, 1782, and was the son of John Davis. Mr. and Mrs. Snook are the happy parents of five children, born as follows: Nellie M,, October 16. 1867: J. Eu- ^] HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. gene. October 26. 1870: John H.. May 6. 1874: Burton Davis. June 18. 1878: Clai-ence Gr., October 15, 1881. Mr. Snook is an intelligent, scholarly, tbiukintr man, and is Acting Justice of the Peace. ANDREW K. SNOYER was born in Warren County, N. J.. September 7, bSi;5, the son of Moses and Margaret (Keen) Snover: they came to Michigan in 18;^:i, and settled in Oakland County: the greatgi'andparents came from Germany about KUO, and settled near Philadelphia. Mi-. Andi-ew K. Snover was married, in February, 1845, to Acelia, daughter of Charles and Deiadama (Scranton) Crippen, of Washington; she was born April "21, ININ. in Washington County, N. Y.. and came to Macomb County in 18;!4 with her parents. Charles Crippen died in 1S42. aged sixty-five years; he was a soldier in the war of 1812: his father. Joseph Crippen. was a soldier of the Revolution; he died at Qinety-six years of age. in Washington County. N. Y.. about 1N30. The earliest ancestors of whom Mrs. S. has any knowledge, came from England and settled in Massachusetts in its earliest days: they were Baptists in religion: in politics, Whigs. In bS4y. Mr. S. pm'chased a farm of eighty acres, on Section 11. near Romeo, the old homestead of his wife's pai'ents. where his family still reside. Mr. and Ikli's. S. have one daughter and three sons. SAMUEL STERLING- was born at Lyme. Conn., September 11. nCiO, and died Au- gust 27. 183H: his wife, Mahetable Whittlesey, was born at Saybrook, Conn., March 29. 17*)9; she died February 15. 1N()4: they were married November 29, 1792; moved to Lima, Livingston Co., N. Y. ; the family was composed of five sons and four daughters: of the sons, Azariah W. Sterling, a pioneer of Macomb County, was the third; he was bo)-n in Lima June 29. 1797; reference is made to Mr. Sterling in the general history of the county, as well as in the sketches of the northern townships; (me of the daughters is the wife of Luther Procter, noticed in the sketch of that old resident. AAKON STONE (deceased), was born in Pittsford. Monroe County. New York. June HO. 1790; he was married. January 80. bS14. to Margaret Hayden. of Pitts- ford; they came to Macomb County. District of Detroit, in 1^2:1 where Mr. Stone pur- chased eighty acres of land, and lived on the same until his death, in 1872; they had ten children; the following is their record: Alma Ann, born October 15. 1815. and died August 14. 1.S17. Henry. March ;50, 1817; he became a cooper and followed that trade uotil his death of typhoid "fever. July 25, 1846. Emulous. April 18, 1821: he is a farmer, located a mile south of his father's fai'm; man-ied Aurelia Bates, and has had four children — Adelbert. was the Postmaster and merchant of Washington, a young man of much promise; he died of heart disease, March 24. 18S1, aged twenty-seven years; Eva Adel. died of heart disease. April 18, 1N76, aged nineteen: John C.,aged twenty-fom-. was in partnership with his brother and continues the business: Frank, the youngest son, was born in 18(59. Alma Ann, second, was born December 7. 1N22, and died of di-opsy. October 4, 11S45. William A. was born November 2fi. 1824: he was married to Caroline Lamb, of Washington, December 80, 1857: he has served as Justice of his township and in several minor offices; he has four children, born as follows: Helen, Januai-y 28, 18-)9; William Addison, December 15, 18()8; Ai-thui- Wales, January 20, 18(55, and Omar Thomp- son, March 5, I8fi7; the mother died November 11, 18t)9. Mr. S. was again married, July 10, 1878, to Alice M. Garvin; they have one daughter— Lottie Minette. born May 26, 1875; Helen graduated at the State Normal School and is a teacher at Cassopolis. Caroline Stone was, born September 9, 1826, married Edwin Lamb and has five children, viz., Eugene H., married Ida M. Davis; he has one daughter — Leona: Metta A. mai-ried Isaac Terpenning. of Jackson, lives in Washington, and has one son — Roy; Ida graduated at the Normal School, and is teaching at Northville, Mich. ; Elmer E. and Aura R. attend school. Addison Ray Stone was born May 21. 1S28: he has been a practicing physician, "^^^ •P HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. of Almont, Mich., tweuty-eight years, and was married. May 7, IS^T, to Ellen G. Jenness of Detroit; they have one adopted son. Minerva Stone was born March 11, 18:29, and died April 1, IHi'I. Margaret A. Stone was horn March 8. 1S3"2; Aurora, born July 15, 1833, is a milliner at Marquette, Mich. CLINTON SOULE (deceased), was born May L'O, 18l!l, in Wyoming County, N. Y. ; he was the son of John and Sally Soule, natives of Massachusetts; the former ■was born in 1788. and died in 1871; the latter was born in 1789, and died March I'i. 1865; they settled in Michigan in 1825, and took up 120 acres of land in Washington, on Section 17, buying additional tracts until they had seven farms; he transferred land to his children until at the time of his death, he had deeded all his real estate to them; the homestead came into the hands of Clinton Soule, of this sketch; he was married, to Sabra A. Glaspie, daughter of David and Ruth Glaspie, of Oxford. Oakland County; she was born December 19, 1830, in Si)afford. Onondaga Co.. N. Y. : her father was a native of the Empire State; her mother was born in Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Soule had six chil- di-en. born as follows: Dennis M.. May_n. 18411; Vilatia F., October 20, 1850; Ruth E.. December 9. 1852. died October 31. LSm: Emma A.. March S, 1S57; George D.. March 10, 1S65. died July 16. 1S()6; Belle, November 4, 1867. Mr. S. died December 11. 1865; his widow owns the homestead, on Section 17 and 18. comprising 225 acres, with good substantial building and in an advanced state of improvement. She is a member of the Baptist Church of Mt. Vernon. DENNIS M. SOULE, P. O. Mt. Vernon, was born May 6. 1 849. in Washington. Ma- comb County; is the son of Clinton and Sabra Soule (see sketch of Clinton Soule); he w^as married. November 28, 1873, to Margaret E.. daughter of Adam C. and Elsie Moyers. born November 1, 1854; they have one son — Burton A., born November 7. 1877. in Oak- land, Oakland Co,, Mich. Mr. Soule is a Republican, and has been Constable one term. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church, of Mt. Vernon, Mr. Soule is a farmer and owns forty acres of land, on Section 20; besides his stated business of farm ing, he is extensively engaged in the sale of agricultural implements; makes a specialty of wind-mills. NOAH C. SUTHERLAND. P, O. Romeo, was born August 13, 1856, in W'ashington, Macomb County; is the son of Byron and Sarah A. Sutherland, the former a native of Vermont, the latter born in New York, September 30, 1825. Mr. S. was married, Novem- ber 15, 1881, to Stella E., daughter of Jacob B. and Louis H. Skillman, a graduate of the Union School at Romeo. Mi-. S. owns a farm of seventy acres, about a mile from Romeo; it is in an advanced state of imjarovement, with good dwelling and substantial buildings requisite for the convenience of the thrifty, prosperous Michigan farmers. Mr. S. is a Democrat in political principles. ADON TAFT. P. O. Romeo, was born at Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y., August 16, 1800; he was married, November 13, 1823, to Hannah Wood, born in Connecticut July 4, 1804; in the spring of 1830, they settled on a farm, adjoining that now occupied by Viras Wood, and while there purchased land on Section 26, in Washington, where ho built a log house, and moved into it in 1835; in 1844-45, he built a frame house across the road. Mrs. Taft died October 4, 1869, and, in January, 1871, he married Abigail Goss, a na- tive of New York; she died August 7, 1877; he was in a feeble state, but survived her until May 13, 1879; by his first wife, he had seven children — Sylvanus, born January 6, 1825; Daniel, August 12. 1826; Andrew, July 7, 1828; Smith, August 27, 1831; Smith T., May 22. 1833; Emery, August 31, 1836; ^.da H., September 6, 1872; Smith died in infancy; Daniel died a few years ago; Smith T, Taft married Christina Phelps, May 13, 1880: they have one child— L. Finney, born July 14, 1881; Mrs. Taft is a daughter of James and Esther (Dusing) Phelps; her father was born October 4, 1821, in Rush, 4 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Monroe Co., N. Y. ; was the son of David and Mary Phelps. He was married December 30. 1JS48. Mrs. Phelj^s was born October 3, 1S23, in Rush; she was the daughter of Joshua and Christina Dusing; they have had four children — Christina (Mrs. Taft). born July ."), 1853; Frederick J.. December 'I'l, 1S54; Ellen E. , December 4. IS.jO; Eugene V.. December 2t), 1S()5. Joshua Dusing was born July 4, 177*), at AVarwick, Lancaster Co.. Penn., died Febiiiary 3, 1853. He was married, March 17, 1^13, to Christina Moyers. and moved to Michigan in 1832, settling in Washington. Christina Moyers was bom April 1, 1787, at Chambersburg. Penn., and died August 14, 187(5, aged ninety years; two of their eight children are living. NEHEMIAH THOMPSON, P. O. Mt. Vernon, was born June 18, 1854, in Oakland, Oakland Co.. Mich.: is the son of Jeremiah and Ellen Thompson, both of whom were na- tives of New York. Mr. Thompson was married, April 29, 1876, to Ellen A. Lusk, of Chesterfield, Macomb County; she was born June 16, 1850, in Chesterfield, and is the daughter of Aldi'ich and Amanda Lusk. Mr. and Mrs. Thompson have two childi-en — George M., born July 25, 1877, and Frank Austin. June 17. 1881. Mrs. Thompson is a member of the Baptist Church, of Rochester; JIi-. Thompson is a Republican in politics, and is a farmer on Section 30, Washington Township. GEORGE W. THORINGTON, P. O. Romeo, was born January 15, 1846, in Wash- ington. Macomb County; he is the son of Elijah P. and Lydia Thoriugton. the former a native of Vermont, and the latter of New York. Mr. T. is a farmer and owns a farm of 140 acres on Section 8; he is engaged in raising sheep of excellent grade, and has re- cently erected tiDe large commodious barns adapted to the needs of his stock; he has a first-class herd of cattle and two horses of the noted Magna Charta breed, celebrated for strength and symmetry. Mr. T. was married, March 3, 1867, to Martha Barnaby, of Washington; she was born September 13, 1847; they have two children — Lydia M. , born May 24, 1870, and Cassius W.. born August 13, 1877; both parents belong to the Baptist Church of Mt. Vernon. Mr. T. is a Democrat. JAMES M. THORINGTON. P. O. Romeo, was born January 26, 1837, in Washing- ton, Macomb County; he is the son of James and Sally Brown Thoriugton: his father was born in Ira. Rutland Co.. Vt, and settled in Oakland County about fifty yeai's ago. re- maining there but a short time, when he came to Washington and took up a farm, on which he lived for about thirty years: engaged in agi-iculture and buying land; when he retired from active life, he owned 700 acres of land; he was the first to import the cele- brated Merino sheep, of Vermont, into Michigan; he moved to the village of Romeo, where he died April 11, 1877. Mr. J. M. Thoriugton was married, December 22, 1857, to Mary C, daughter of James and Roxanna Leslie Starkweather, of Bruce; their chil- dren's record is as follows: Ceylon, born August 21. 1860; Martha G., June 24, 1862; Charles C, July 16. 18(54; James A.. February 13, 1N70. died May 30, 1874; Homer O.. October 22, 1871, died May 22, 1874. Mr. T. has an estate of 320 acres of first-class farming land on Section 8, with all modern equipments and conveniences; he makes a specialty of raising pure-blooded Merino sheep, of which he has an assorted flock of over 100, and makes sales to all parts of the countiy; he has also a herd of Short-Horn Dm-- ham cattle and a brood of eleven Hambletouian horses. Mr. and Mrs. T. are members of the M. E. Church. Mr. T. is a Democrat in political sentiment. WILLIAM W. THORINGTON, P. O. Mt. Vernon, was born March 22, 1835, in Washington, Macomb Co.. Mich. ; is the son of Elijah and Lydia Thoi-ington; he was married. May 8, 1856, to Elizabeth Cole, born in 1837; there were three childi-eu born to them — James W.. October 24, 1854, died January 9, 1868; Cora A. (Mrs. P. C. Graves), September 9, 1860, and Willie, February 9, 18(53. Mr. Thorington was married a sec- 52 ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. ond time, April 9. l(S7iS, to Rebecca, daughter of Jacob W. and Nancy Metz, botli natives of Warren County. N. J. Mrs. Thorington was born October Ki. 184S, in Warren County. N. J. Mr. Thorington has followed the vocation of farming all his life, and owns 150. IS')."). Mr. W. was married again, October 30, IS.'id, to Betsey E.. daughter of Sewell and Lucinda Hovey. of Romeo. Mrs. Westbrook was born in Warsaw, N. Y. . May -">. IS'i."); her father was a native of Lebanon, N. H., her mother of Franklin County, Vt. ; her paternal grandsiro was born in England July '25, ITo*). and died in IS'20; his father was a minister of the Church of England; her grandmother was also an Englishwoman. Mi-, and Mrs. A\'. have had two childi'on — Cassius M., born January 7, 1859, and Frederick W. . June IS, lSli5. died March 25, 1S()H; both parents are members of the M. E. Church. Mi's. Westbrook was educated in the normal school of Ypsil^ti, and was a teacher foui'teen years; she joined the chiu'ch when thirteen years of age, and herself and brother Albert are the only sui-viving members of the chm'ch of that period. Mr. Westbrook is a Republican, and has held the position of Road Commissioner. FRED C. WHITE. P. O. Romeo, was born in Foughkeepsie, Dutchess Co.. N. Y.. July 10, lS();-i; is the son of Otis and Hannah (Atwell) White, the former was born near Boston and was a blacksmith: he belonged to the Puritan New England stock, and was a descendant of Peregrine White, the tu-st white child born in America; he died in Osceola. Mich., aged seventj'-two years: his wife died in Swansea. N. H, aged thirty-eight; she became the mother of eleven childi-en, six of whom survived her. Mi-. White is the only living representative of his fathers family. Circumstances rendered labor necessai-y to all the family as soon as old enough, and Mr. White, at seventeen, entered upon an apprentice- ship with a shoemaker, and received $20 a year; he served a second year with another in- structor, and began business for himself at Newark, in Arcadia, Wayne Co., N. Y. ; he was married, April 4. 1824, to Abagail Adams, of Manchester, Ontario Co., N. Y. . where she was born December 29, 1804; in October, 1830, Mi-. White started for Michigan: he met N. T. Taj lor, of Romeo, at Buffalo, and came with him to Macomb Countj-; his busi- ness proved unfortunate, and. on settling with his creditors, he found himself S300 in debt, with no resources and shattered health. But his friends were lenient, and gave him time, as he says, ''to die or become able to pay them.'' He found suitable land fom- miles east of Romeo, in Armada, proceeded to Detroit and secured it and went home: he set out again for Michigan the next spring with his wife and four children. Reaching Buffalo by canal, they found the city full of emigrants and the lake full of ice. Three weeks later, they left for Detroit, which they reached in three days. A man brought them to their place of destination for 110 and an ax, and when he was paid Mr. White had not a cent left. Darius Sessions took the family into his home, and in two days Mi-. White had a shanty for his family fui-nished with two chairs and a little Hour, ten pounds of pork and a few di-ied apples; but the humble home was the house of prayer, and whatever else was wanting faith in God was abundant. Mi-. White's trade soon made the family comfortable, and they have never since suffered from privation, although a large amount of sickness and death has overtaken them, and twelve children have been reared to ma- tiu-ity. The lirst year, he managed to chop three acres of laud, and projected a "bee" for the logging, but an objection arose; he was a temperance man. and sacrificed no prin- ciple to profit, and men would not work without it. On the day appointed men and teams were on the ground and a good dinner avraited them, but trouble was apparent at the out- -*>|v HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. set. A neighbor informed Mr. White that they were bound to put down the temperance movement in the bud, and if he would furnish a pint of whisky, the logging would be done in short order. He refused, and part of the men j)ut up aboiit an acre of logs, the rest built a log-pen ten feet high, set a pole thirty feet high, and named the pile White's monument, and drank from a bottle of their own providing. Mi'. White is the only one living of the participants of that day, but their places are tilled by intelligent, temperate, Christian men. About three years after, sickness and disaster overtook Mr. White, and he accepted an ofter of $r)00 for his place: he paid his debts in his native State, and settled on wild land two miles farther east. He cleared fifty acres and just as prosperity seemed about to dawn, his wife died and left six children. In a few mouths, Mr. White married the widow of Lyman Boughtou; her maiden name was Julina, daughter of Joel and Mary (Gray) Turrell; she was born in Geneva, Cayuga Co., N. Y., November -\), IS]."); her par- ents settled in Macomb County, in 1^83, and died at the age of eighty-three respectively. Following is the list of Mr. White's children: Mary, Eliza, William, Charlotte, Eugene, Oscar and Maria Antoinette; these were the children of his first wife, and the two last were born in Armada; Emily Adelaide was born in Almout, Lapeer County: Matilda J., in Armada; Frank M., Almira, Louisa and Fred C. were born in Bruce; all have been married but the last. Mr. White has seventeen grandchildren and ten great-grandchil- dren; his eldest son, William, was killed at the raising of a barn in St. Clair: Eugene and Oscar were killed within ten minutes of each other in the war of the rebellion; Char- lotte died with the scarlet fever and Almira with consumption; five sons-in-law are de- ceased. Mr. White became a Christian in IS^SO, and joined the Presbyterian Chui'ch in Newark. He transferred his membership to the Congregational Chm'ch, in Romeo, the next year; his wife and four daughters belong to the same chiu'ch. DK. ALBERT YATES, P. O. Washington, of Washington Village, was born in Lin colnshire, England, September 13, 1842; emigrated to America in 1849. and settled in Wentworth Covmty, Ontario, where the Doctor received his early education in the schools of Canada, and entered the Medical College, of Detroit, having previously studied medicine in Canada under a preceptor; graduated from the college July 10, 1S7'2; he returned to Canada and entered the practice of his profession at the village of Bismarck, which he continued two years: he then, November, 1874, removed to Macomb County and estab- lished an office at Washington, where he is still in practice; his father, Richard Y'ates, lives in Ontario at the age of sixty -six, a carpenter by trade; his mother died in 1854. The Doctor was married, March 9, 18(34, to Margaret, daughter of Joel Eastman, of Can- ada; she was born May 31, 1844, and died May 5, 1878; their chikb'en were Henry W., February 24, 18()7; Minnie A., January 7, 1869; Albert E., May 10, 1874; May M., April 20, 1878. He was married again, July 23. 1879, to Clara B. Davis, daughter of Milo Davis, of Washington Township; she was born January -j, 1860. Dr. Yates is Sec- retary and Treasui'er of the Northeastern District Medical and Scientific Associations, since February. 1870, and Superintendent of Schools for the township in which he lives and Magistrate of the same. Both the Doctor and his wife ai'e members of the M. E. ChiU'ch, and he is in politics a Republican; he has a very pleasant home and a remunera- tive and increasing practice. JOSEPH YATES (deceased) was born Jvily 11, 181 1, in Charlestown, Montgomery Co., N. Y. ; was the son of Abraham P. and Cornelia (Van Every) Gates; the former was born in Charlestown, N. Y. , July 27, 1787, and died at Utica, N. Y., March 9, 1803; the latter was a native of Canajoharie, Montgomery Co., N. Y., born July 4, 1788; was mar- ried, June 8, 1800, and died March 17, 18-j4; Peter Yates, father of A. P. Yates, was born in 1752, in New York; married Catherine Docstator, of Holland descent, in 1776, and died in 1822. Joseph Yates was one of three brothers who came to America in 1(301 dui'- -^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 845 ing the rebellion in the last year of the reign of Queen Elizabeth. They belonged to the nobility, and the family coat of arms is iu the possession of the descendants; the estates were confiscated. Mr. Yates was educated at the academy at Johnstown, N. Y., and at sixteen he engaged as a clerk with Mr. Ehle in Canajoharie, N. Y. In 14; Lorenzo, March 17, 1S47, died March (>, 1871; Orrin, March 31. 1849; James; April 14, 18")! ; Charles. September 2."), 18."):). The latter went on a sea voyage for his health, and was obliged to leave the steamship at the Cape Verde Islands: this was the last intelligence from him, and it is supposed he died there or on the passage home. Mr. Edgerton now owns 190 acres of Section 23. He is a Demo- crat, and has held the office of Justice of the Peace several years; he is considered one of the substantial, reliable pioneer citizens of Macomb County; besides his farming interests, he is engaged in bee cultui'e to a considerable extent. ]Mi'. Edgertnn's father died in New York, aged seventy years: his mother, at the age of seventy- five. EDWIN HAFF, P. O. Utica, was born in 1S14; is son of Isaac and Susanna (New- ton) Haff; his pai-ents settled in Troy, Oakland County, in 1831 ; he took possession of his l^resent location, in Section (5, in 1N4(\ He was married, in 1837. to Lorenath Newton; they have foiu- children — Susan, Amelia, Phcebe and Lorenzo; the latter was married, November 22, 1877, to Prudence, daughter of Jesse and Elvira (Howe) Soper; they have two children — Laura L.. born December (i, 1880; and Emily M., November 24, 1881. Ml'. Haff and his sons are Republicans. He owns a magnificent farm, under first-class improvements. DR. FRANCIS HILL, Veterinary Surgeon, was bom October 30, 1814, in Broxboiu-ne, England; is son of Francis and Margaret (Powell) Hill; he was educated in his native country for his profession, and was married, in the old church of Sheffield, Yorkshire, England, to Sarah W. Cooper; they came to America in 1840, with three children under four years of age; they landed at New York, where they remained until the canal opened, in the spring of 1841, when they proceeded to Detroit, and reached the place of an uncle, in Shelby, Macomb County, May 10, ISll; he- bought a farm of Cornelius Crowley, un- der improvement, and has since sold it, and prosecuted his business as a veterinary sur- geon, which he has practiced fifty years; he has twenty grandchildren; is a jolly, true- heai'ted type of his nationality. He is a Democrat in politics. E. W. LAWRENCE, P.' O. Utica, was born December 22. 180."), in Montgomery Coiinty. N. Y. ; is son of Benjamin and Louisa (Elliot) Lawrence; his father was born in 1780, and died at Glen's Falls. Washington Co., N. Y., in 1N70, aged ninety years; his mother was bom in 17S7, and died in 1870, at the age of eighty-seveu. Mr. Lawrence is able to trace his line of descent from John and Marv (Townlev) Lawrence, who came to HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. America in 1713; they settled in Massachusetts, and left but one son. named Jonathan* the genealogy has been obtained from descendants living in Massachusetts, and is pre- served in a library in Detroit. Mr. Lavn-ence was married, in January, 18'28, to Julia E. Russell, born in IMOS; they have tive children — Cornelius, Henry M., Benjamin S., Helen E. and —-. Mr. Lawi'enee came to Michigan in the spring of 1838. with his wife and four children; he first settled in Pontiac, Oakland County, and. in the fall of 1S49, went to Rochester, same county, where he remained six years; was Postmaster four years. under Polk's administration. In 18r)0, he came to Utica, and in LS."),") started for Califor- nia, he spent three years in the mines with pick and shovel, after which he traveled two years with his son. then eighteen years old, and visited Oregon, Washington Territory. New Mexico and the Sandwich Islands, returning home in 18(iO. In 18B1, he volunteered as a private in the war of the rebellion, and was in active service four years; he was com- missioned First Lieutenant, and served under it three years; he received honorable dis- charge for disability from exposiu'e, and was mustered out of service at Detroit in 18*55. Ho returned home and engaged in agriculture for a time, but is now leading a quiet life, free hum arduous labor; he has served a term as Town Clerk; politically, is a Democrat, and lx>liings to the Masonic order. WILLIAM PETTS. P. O. Utica. was born September 19. 1829; is son of Thomas and Jane (Joice) Petts, natives of England; his mother died in 184'2; his father, in 1852. In 18,57, Mr. Petts came to Sterling and bought the S. D. Adams farm, on Section 8. He was married, in 1857. to Ann. daughter of William and Mary Robinson, natives of En- gland; they have four children — Mary J., boi-n May 15, 1858; Christiana, May 31, 18()(); Robert W.. November 1. 18B1; George R. , May 13, 1S()5. All the children reside at home. Mr. and Mi-s. Petts and their family are all members of the M. E. Church of Utica. Mr. Petts is a Republican in politics; a member of the Knights of Honor, and owns a fine farm of eighty acres. GILBERT RICE. P. O. Utica, was born January 24, 1819. in Greene County, N. Y. ; is son of Ira and Nancy (Avery) Rice; they came to Michigan in 1837, and settled in Sterling, Macomb County, on Section 15, where they passed the remainder of their lives; his father died at the age of seventy-one; his mother, at sixty-three years old. He was mairied. in 1844, to Harriet, daughter of Samuel and Amelia (Seaman) Chapman; they have had tive children, born as follows: Amelia. February 12. 184(J; Oscar W.. Septem- ber 29, 1847 ;_ George L., September 20. 1849; Viola C. July 23. 1853; Carrie N., Au- gust 17, 1857. Mr. Rice was married a second time. March 24, 1858, to Lydia A.. daiighter of John L. and Esther Chase; they have had four children — Lora B., April 15. 1854; Mary F., May 14, 1862; Isa L., January 2, 1877: and an infant. Mr. Rice owns a snug farm of sixty acres, all first-class land, on Section 11; he is a member of the Con- gregational Church, and is a Republican. GARDNER H. RUNYON, P. O. Utica. was born May K), 1831, in New Jersey; is' son of Ralph and Mary (Gardner) Runyon. natives of New Jersey. His parents came to Michigan in 1834. and located a farm of Government land in Sterling. Mr. Runyon was married, in 1864, to Estella, daughter of John and Mary Steed; they have three children — Cora, born June 27, 18()3; Jennie, January 27, 18()<); Bruce. September 10. 1875. Mr. Runyon is a Democrat. He enlisted in the civil war in 1862. in the band of the Fourth Michigan Cavalry, and returned in 1864. after twenty months' service; his hearing was much impaired by the concussion of the air in action from explosion of shells. He is a car- penter and joiner by trade, and owns a pleasant place on South Cass street, at Utica, with fine dwelling. CYRUS SCHOONOVER, P. O. Utica, was born March 6, 1812, in Mom-oe County, N. Y. ; is son of Jacob and Luba Sikes Schoonover. He came to Michigan in 1847 and Lkl^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 851 settled on a farm on Section ."), in Sterling Township. Macomb County. He was maiTied, in 1S42, to Elizabeth Wood; they have had tive children — James, born May 7, 1848; Lo- renzo, 184."); Phfebe, 1S41; Mary, 1847; John. IS'yj.. James enlisted, in August, l>i(V2. in Comj>auy E. Twenty-sixth Michigan Volunteer Infantry; he was enrolled in l/ivingston County for thi'ee years, and was mustered out of service June 4, 1865; Lorenzo enlisted in the war of the rebellion; was taken prisoner by the rebels; suffered all the hoiToi-s of the Acdersonville stockade prison, came home and died. Mr. Schoonover and his sons ai'e zealous Republicans. There are two more sons — Cyrus A., bom October (i. 1858; Fred, bom April 18, 1850. SETH K. SHETTERLY. P. O. Ttica. son of Dr. Henry R. and Susannah Keeley Shetterly. was born October 15, 182(1, in Union County, Penn. His parents came to Mich- igan in August, 1882, and he obtained his elementary education in the district schools; in 1840, his father moved to Ann Arbor, and he entered the law office of Miles, Ramsdell & Wilson; he was admitted to the bar in 1848, and, June, 1844. opened a law office at Utica. He was married, February 11, 1848, to Harriet H.Wright, who died April 2, 1849. He was mari'ied again, May 25, 1858, to Amelia Sterns, of Howell, Mich., who died Sep- tember 20, 1858; and he was again married. June 2, 1859, to Clara A. Wright, his pres- e!it wife. Mr. Shetterly has had a family of ten children, born as follows: Marion T., April 80, 1844, died May 22, 1882; Francis, in 1848, who died in infancy these are the childi'eu of his first wife; Letitia J., August 11, 1854; Francis M., September 18, 185S, are the children of his second wife: Clara A., March (5, 18(52, died March 17, 1802; John B., M_ay 80, 18(^8, died August 2, 18(58 ;_ Charles K, October 11, ISfU; Nettie H, Novem- ber 2(. 1878; Jessie A., Au.gust 10, 18i(); Daisy C. December ('), 1878. Mr. Shetterly is a Democrat in political sentiments, and has been in active service almost thirty years; he was elected Justice of the Peace in April. bS54, and has held the office ever since; in 18()2, he was elected Circuit Com-t Commissioner for Macomb County, and re-elected in 1804; in 18(57, he was elected to the Legislatiu'e from the Southern District, and in 1876 from the Western District; in 1846, he was appointed a Master in Chancery by Gov. Barry. He has been a member of the Masonic order for twenty-five years, and belongs to Utica Lodge. No. 75. Mrs. Shetterly is a member of the M. E. Church. Dr. H. R. Shetterly was born July 29, 1798; in 18(51, he was appointed keeper of the light-house at Northport, Mich., where he died in 1873, aged seventy-five; his wife died March, 18(59, aged seventy-five years. RICHARD H SLITER, P. O. Utica. was born February 9. 1848; is son of Cieorge and Perlina (St. John) Sliter; his j)arents were of G-erman descent, and came to Michigan October 20, 1S40; they bought a farm in Oakland County; his father died November 10, 187(5, aged seventy-eight years; his mother is still living, aged seventy-seven. Mr. Sliter was married, in 1862, to Jennie Charter; they had two childi'en — George E., born August 14, 1868; and Elmer, born July 28, 1865. He was a second time married. December 1. 1872. to Sarah, daughter of William and Ann Green; her parents were born in England and came to America in 1851; she was born in LS50; they have one child, Perlina, born November 8, 1879. Mr. Sliter owns a valuable farm of 157 acres, with elegant house and other fine farm buildings; he is a Republican in political sentiment; is extensively en- gaged in the sale of agricultural implements at Troy, Oakland County. S. P. ST. JOHN, P. O. Utica, was born January 6, 1840; is son of James B. and Me- linda (Summers) St. John; his parents were natives of New York, and came to Michigan in the spring of 1830; their three children were born in Michigan; the father died March 22, 1877, aged sixty-seven; he was born in 1810; the mother was born in March, 1816, and died in 1879, aged sixty-seven. Mi-. St. .John, of this sketch, married Emma A., daughter of Isaac S, and Almira Hurlbut; they have one child, Marion, horn August 9, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 1868. Mr. St. John is a member of the Masonic fraternity; he belongs to a business firm largely engaged in handling grain and lumber; he is well and widely known, and greatly esteemed for his qualities as a neighbor and citizen; he is a Democrat in political senti- ment. DAVID STICKNEY, P. O. Cady's Corners, was born in Weybridge, Vt., March 8, 180'j; is son of Lemuel and Martha (Scoville) Stickney, and is one of eleven childi-en; his father was bom February Ifi. ITfil, in Massachusetts; was a soldier of the Rovolution, and was shot through the body; recovered, and, again enlisting, served through the war; he died in Franklin County, N. Y., at eighty -two; his wife died in Macomb County, Mich. , aged ninety-two; she was born in Connecticut June 14, 17()0. Mi-. Stickney came to Michigan in iXi'A. and settled on Government land when Andrew Jackson was President; he reached Detroit May 1, 1881, having consumed two weeks on the jom-ney from the State of New York to Detroit. He was married. February 2o, 1842, to Catherine Theresa O'Sullivan; her parents were natives of Ireland; they had but one child, Levi J., born October 14, 1848: he was married. December 9, 18(U), to Delia Savage; they have had three children — Mary M.. born June '20, 1871, died November 18, 1874; Betsey C, September 28, 1872, died August 14. 1878; Harry L., September 9, 1875. Mrs. Stickney died July 13, 1881, aged sixty-eight. Mr. Stickney is a Republican. He has a genealogical me- moir of the descendants of William and Elizabeth Stickney, earliest known ancestoi"s, cov- ering a period from 1()87 to ]8()9. WILLIAM UPTON. P. O. Utica, was born Jamiary 8, 1885, in Leicestershire, En- gland; his parents, John and Elizabeth (Mitchell) Upton, came to America in the fall of 1841, with seven children; they settled first at Detroit and remained four years, when they removed to Sterling, Macomb County, and located on a farm on Section 14; his father died in 1854, aged fifty-two; his mother, in 18()7, aged sixty-three. Mr. Upton was married, September 8. 1861, to Sarah J., daughter of Whipple and Polly Aldi-ich, born March 5, 1844; her fa*"her died in 1863; her mother is still living, at Fenton, Mich., aged seventy- four. Mr. and Mrs. Upton have had foiir children — Charles W.. born August 4, 1862; Frank E., March 15, 1864; Kena J., August 21, 1868, died August 21, 1879, aged eleven; Victor Floyd, August 5, 1877. Mr. Upton has a valuable farm of 150 acres, finely located on Sections 14 and 15, with one of the best dwellings in Macomb County, and supplied with other commodious and convenient farm buildings; he is a genial and much-esteemed citizen, prominent in the general interests of the town; he is a Democrat in politics, and belongs to tue Masonic order, LTtica Lodge, No. 75. E. WOOUIE. CHAPTER XXXVIII. WAHREN TOWNSHIP. The township of Warren was erected under the name of Hickory March 11, 1837. Under an act approved April 2, 1888, all that portion of Macomb known as Sections 12, 13, 24, 25 and 36, in Township 1 north, of Range 12 east, was set off from the town of Orange and annexed to the town of Hickory. Under the same act, the name of the town- ship of Hickory was changed to that of Aba. It retained this name until March 25, 1838, when it received its present title — Warren. The first town meeting was held at the house of Louis Groesbeck, April 3, 1837, with Avery Dennison, Moderator; Samuel Gibbs, Clerk; Louis Beaufait, Alonzo Haight and Jenison F. Glazier, Inspectors of Election. Samuel Gibbs was elected Supervisor; Alonzo Haight, Clerk: Louis L. Beaufait, Col- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. lector; Harris Corey, Loving Hawley, L. L. Beaufait, Assessors; Peter Gillett, Jolin H. Barton. Loring Hawley, Commissioners of Highways; Northrap Jones and Louis Groes- beck. Overseers of the Poor; James X. Bruce, with Beaufait and Corey, were elected Con- stables. Avery Dennisou. Sam Gibbs. Lyman E. Rhodes. Commissioners of Schools. The principal town officers elected since 1S37 are named in the following lists: TOWN OFFICERS. Supervisors — Samuel Gibbs, 1837-39; John H. Barton. 1839-40; Henry W. Larra- way, 1840-4'2; George Bolam. 1842-4t); Alonzo Haight. 1846-47; George Bolam, 1847- 49; John L. Beebe. 1849-54; George W. Corey, 1854-57; George Bolam. 1857-60; Louis Groesbeck. 1860-63; Joseph T. De Coninck, 1863-65; Louis Groesbeck. 1865-67; Charles S. Groesbeck, 1867-71; Louis Groesbeck. 1871-79; Paul Lefevre, 1879-82. Clerks— Alonzo Haight. 1837; Daniel A. Denison, 1838-40; George W. Corey, 1840 -42; Loring Hawley, 1842-48; George W. Corey, 1849-51; William C. Groesbeck, 1852- 53; Louis Groesbeck, 1854-56; Charles S. Groesbeck, 1857-61; Francis E. Groesbeck, 1861-64; N. H. Brown. 1865-()6; William J. Enright, 1867; John Kaltz. 1868; John W. Kingscott. 1869; Royal A. Jennv. 1870; John Kaltz. 1871-72; George W Adair, 1873: Paul Lefevi-e, 1874-77; Henry" W. Miller. 1878-82. Treasm-ers- -Louis L. Beaufait, 1837-40: Loring Hawley, 1840-42; Avery Dennison, 1842; Cornelius Fehan, 1843-46; Avery Dennison, 1846; Cornelius Fehan, 1847; Elisha W. Halsey. 1848; Cornelius Fehan. 1849-51; Samuel Jones. 1852; Loring Hawley, 1853; Joseph Tobiu, 1854; Prosper Le Due, 1855; Fred H. Walker. 1856; AVilliam E. Hartsig. 1857-58: Ai-nold Hardwood. 1859; John W. Kingscott. 1860-61; John Ward- hoflf, 1862-66; Peter Rotarius, 1867; George H Briukers, 1868; Lewis Hartsig, 1869-71; Mathias J. Hoffman, 1872-74; Vincent Tremble, 1875-77: Mathias Hoffman, 1878-79: Lewis Hartsig, 1880; Peter Miller, 1881. Justices of the Peace — Samuel Gibbs, John H. Bai-ton, L. F. Rhodes, Alonzo Haight, 1837: Loring Hawley, Samuel Gibbs, 1838; R. D. Smith, 1839; H. W. Laraway, Harris Corey, Louis L. Beaufait, 1840; E. W. Halsey, 1841; Jeremiah W. Wetson, Sylvester Royes, 1842: Horace P. Jennv, George W. Corev, Libertv Hartwell. 1843; Robert J. Mitchell, 1844; Cornelius Felian, 1845; George W. Corey' 1846: Aiartin Blunt, 1847; R, J. Mitchell, Liberty Hartwell, 1848; George 'W. Glazier. Robert Morris, 1849; Corne- lius Fehan, George W. Corey. 1850; Ai-nold Harwood. Charles Davy, 1851; Robert D. Smith, 1852; Hazel Horner, George Bolam, 1853; George W. Corey, 1854; L. Hartzig, Francis Groesbeck, George Eberth, 1855; George Bolam. Almond D. Jenny. 1857; S. W. Rovce. 1858; Charles Groesbeck, 1859; George Bolam. 1860; A. D. Jenny. "l861; Prosper La' Due. 1862: Casper Schettler, 1863: N. B. Brown. 1864; C. S. Groesbeck, George Bolam, 1865: N. B. Brown, 1866; John Bucklev. John W. Kingscott, 1867; Anthony Schettler. A. D. Jenny, 1S68: Charles S. Groesbeck, 1869; George Bolam, 1870; Ai-nold Harwood, Michael Schanherr, 1871; M. K. Plummer, William Simonds, John Buckley, 1872; John Hartman. 1873; M. Schanherr, 1874; Lewis Hartsig. 1875; William Si- monds, 1876: John Hartman. 1877: H. Engelman, 1878: Victor Schanherr, John Hart- sig, 1879. There was no opposition to the Democratic ticket in this town in 1882. and the vote was small. Paul Lefever was re-elected Supervisor, Henry Miller. Clerk, for 1882-83. VILLAGE OF WARREN. The village of Warren in this township was settled at an early day. It is twelve miles southwest of Mt. Clemens and fourteen north of Detroit. Its location is within a half mile of the D. &. B. C. R. R. , which renders the place a suburb of Detroit. It ia a HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. fine agricultural section, which is devoted to farming, mai'ket gardening, grain, vegetables and fruit. There are Methodist and Lutheran Churches, a district school and a steam feed mill and foundry in the hamlet. Its conservatism in respect to population is remarkable. The census returns of 1880 credit it with being the center of 150peof)le. Similar returns for years past have accorded to the little hamlet precisely the same number. Among the early settlers were the Groesbecks. Joseph Jei'ome, Harris Corey, Joseph Mosho and George Bolam, many of whom have left families, members of which still reside in the township. Among the business and professional men of the village are John Ames. Milo Ames, Oliver Barton, J. L. Beebe, C. Davy. AVilliam Cole. D. L. Case. Frink & Mur- thum, L. Groesbeck, Silas E. Halsey, John Hartman, Rev. A. Harwood. W. Helzeuger, E. Lawrence. F. McCall. William McMullen, Judson C. Mason, E. Mores. C. Sanderson, Edward Tharrett. G. B. Walker, G. Whitten, Rev. AVilliam Young. TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS. There are six district schools in the tovvnshi]), attended by 8L5 childi'en. The school buildings are frame, valued at $4,00(). The total expenditures of the township for school purposes dm'ing the year 1881 were $8.0911.15. The school, in connection with the Cath- olic Church at Center Line, is one of the leading educational establishments of the town- ship. The Lutheran school is another denominational establishment. ST. Clement's catholic church. The Catholic congregation of St. Clement's parish was founded in 1854, when the new church was consecrated under permission of Bishop Lefe\Te. The growth of the congre- gation necessitated an addition to the church building in 18<)S. The senior membei's of the congi'egation were Charles Groesbeck. Joseph Cramer, Josejjh Miller and a few otliers. The church was attended successively by Rev. Father Van den Driesche. of the Church of the Assumption at Connor's Creek, next by the priests of the Detroit Cathedral, again by the Redemptorist Fathers of St. Mary's. Detroit. The first resident priest was Rev. H. Hueffels. now of Anchorville, who came in 1857; he was succeeded, in 1868, by Rev. W. J. V. Hendricks. At that time, 140 families formed the congregation. Under Father Hendricks, an extensive addition was made to the church building, a new pipe organ was introduced, a cemetery laid out. which was blessed by Bishop Borgess, May 10, 1871. The schoolhouse was also enlarged by him, and a dwelling for the organist and teachers erected. On January fi. 1880, he proposed the building of a new chm-ch; the people acted promptly, so that on July 5, he laid the corner-stone of the present building. The big work was commenced September 3. 1880, and the church was dedicated by Bishop Borgess November 6, 1881. The total cost, $18,000, was paid up in May, 1882. The length of the building is 13(5 feet, the width 54 feet. There are five entrances to the building, fifteen stained glass windows, a number of well-executed paintings, chaste fres- coes, rendering the building one of the most perfect sacred edifices in the county. The parish of Centerline is one very difficult to administer, simply on account of the various nationalities represented; the pastor is obliged to preach in the American, French, Bel- gium and German languages, and in every-day life has to transact the duties of his office in so many different tongues and with so many different peoples. The number of families belonging to St. Clement's congregation, in 1880, was 210. which niimber has met with many additions since that time. PERSONAL in.STOliY. The biographical sketches of citizens of Warren, given in this volume, contain much that is specially interesting. Each one of these sketches is a lesson in itself, pointing the way to progress. ISAAC BRACE, son of Thomas and Ann (Green) Brace, of Hertfordshire. England, was born October 28, 1837; his parents came to the United States in lS;:i4: lived for two years at Detroit, one year in Canada, then at Royal Oak, Oakland Co., Mich., where his mother died in 1859; at the age of twenty-one, went to the Marquette iron mines; next passed some time in the lumber regions; engaged in fishing at St. Joe for one year; next worked on a farm and in a brick factory, and, in 18(j'2. enlisted in the Fifth Michigan Cavalry, went into service at East Capitol Hill, and finished at Fort Leavenworth, Kan. , with the muster-out of the command; a reference to the regimental history will show the principal affairs in which this soldier was engaged. After the wai-. he bought an eighty- acre farm at Troy. Oakland County, where he made his home until 1881; he then engaged in the dry goods trade: sold his interest therein, and retired to his pleasant home in War- ren Township. He married Mrs. Louisa Dewandeler, a native of Belgium, who settled with her parents in Warren in 18(17 or 18(iS; they ai-e the parents of Mary, Julia and Amelia Brace. Mr. Brace is the owner of eighty acres in Troy, Oakland Cotinty. JOSEPH ('RAMER. Jk., son of Joseph and Magdalene (Aut) Cramer, was born Au- gust 14, 1857; his parents were natives of Prussia, Germany, who immigrated in 1842, settling at Pontiac. Oakland Co., Mich.; he worked on the Detroit & Michigan Railroad for some time, and then located eighty acres on Section 22, Warren. Mr. Cramer, the subject of this sketch, was educated at the Cincinnati Catholic College one year; at St. Vincents, near Pittsbm-gh, Penn., one year; at Sandwich, Canada, two years; and at Milwaukee College three years; he taught school for four years, retiring on account of ill health. He married Miss Catherine, daughter of William and Catherine (Cas- peres) Otto, natives of Prussia. August lU, 1879; they are the parents of two children — Catherine and Gertrade. Mr. Cramer is engaged in business at Center Line. The fam- ilv are members of the Catholic Church. LAVINrS DE SMET, P. O. Ceutei' Line, sou of L. and Celia (Fromdefelia) De Smet, was born at Hoist, Belgium, December 25, 1818. his father died in November, 1821, and his mother in 1829; fi-om this period until 1839 he lived with his uncle; there he learned the wagon-maker's trade, and worked at it for about thi'ee years; he immigrated in 1845: aiTived at Detroit and located in Warren Township the same year, on a forty- acre tract of unimproved land; this land he cleared and drained, raised dwelling house and farm buildings, planted an orchard, vinery, etc. ; he was accompanied by his sister, who was married in Belgium. Mi-. De Smet man-ied Miss Elizabeth Dunne, daughter of John and Rosie (O'Brien) Dunne, natives of Ireland, to whom were born five children — Maggie, Julia. Elizabeth, Phillip and Peter. After the death of his fii-st wife, he mar- ried Miss D. King, a native of Holland, to whom two children were born. The family lielong to the Catholic Chiu-ch. Mr. De Smet is a practical agricultm-ist, fruit and vine gi-ower, and also superintends a wagon and blacksmith shop. ARNOLD HARWOOD, sou of Ahaz and Polly Carver Harwood, was born in Rutland County, Vt., August 25. 1816; his father was born in Massachusetts in 1/91. and his mother in Vermont in 1800; they settled in Marshall. Calhoun Co.. Mich., in 1839. Arnold moved to Richmond Township. Macomb County, in 1843; to Mt. Clemens in 1844, where he worked imtil 184(); he bought a farm of forty acres in Warren Township, which he partially cleai-ed and sold: bought a farm of eighty acres, on which he cleared thirty, on which he lived for ten years; he was engaged in locating lands for a land company; lo- cated 12.000 acres for Gov. Crapo in 1852, and carried on his farm at the same time; he sold his farm in 18()3. and purchased 12f) acres of improved lands on Section 4. where he now resides; he established a lumber-yard at Warren Station, and in other ways has taken an active part in the development of the township; he was Justice of the Peace in 18o3; appointed a Notary by Gov. K. S. Bingham in 1855, which office he still holds; and High- r ^1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. way Commissioner in ISTT). He was mamed, in ISiJS, to Elvira Crosier, daughter of Samuel and Rhoda Orvis Crosier, natives of Halifax, Vermont, to whom eight children were born. He was married a second time. May 10, ISfiO. to Elizabeth C, daughter of Frederick and Sarah A. Higgins Van Fleet, to whom four childi'en were born. His family belongs to the M. E. Chm-ch, of which Mr. Harwood was local preacher for a quarter of a centiiry. HENRY HENDRICKX was born in the Province of Limbiu-g, Holland; his parents were natives of North Brabant; father died in 1871; the mother in 1S.")2. Mr. Hendrickx was educated in colleges in Belgium and Holland: after his father's death, he, with two brothers, came to the United States in 187"2; continued studies at Cincinnati, and at West- moreland County, Penn. ; settled in Warren Township, where he established a large gro- cery house. In 1S74, Mr. Hendrickx married Miss Gertrude Raltz, daughter of John Jo- seph Rahz, a native of Germany and a farmer of Warren; they are the parents of live childi'en. REV. W. J. V. HENDRICKX descended from the Hendrickx and Sassen families of Holland, was born August US, 184:-!; at the age of eleven, he was sent to the C. B. Col- lege of Kuwenerg, North Brabant, Holland; in 185(), he matriculated at St. Michael's Seminary, near Bois Le Due, where he was educated for the priesthood; diiring six years, he studied Latin, Greek, French, Dutch and German languages; in 18H'2, he entered his two-years' study of philosophy, and in 18()4 began the study of theology at Roermond, Province of Limburg; there he was ordained priest by Bishop Paredis, March "iS, 1868. July y of that year, he left his native country for the United States, and arrived here July 19, 18()8; he was welcomed by the late Bishop LefevTe, who appointed him assistant to Rev. Van Den Dreische, at Connor's Creek; there he labored until appointed Pastor of St. Clemens Parish, of Center Line, January '27, 18(5'.); in 18S(), May 1, the foundation of the beautiful St. Clemens Church was laid, and finished and dedicated by Bishop Borgey on November (i, 1881; the church cost about flfi.OOO, which smn has been paid already. It may be said with truth that this priest loves his people; and they return his love unmeas- ured. ALMON D. JENNEY, son of Ebenezer, of New Hampshire, was born in Addison County, Vt., September 25, 181(5; came to Macomb County in 183(5; taught school at Stony Creek in ]8H(5 and 18l!7; in the neighborhood of Utica and Romeo for live or six winters, and entered his farm in 1838. three miles south of Utica, on which he located in 1841; in IM.JO, went to Oakland, where he remained till 1852, when he located on Section 3, Warren Township; he was Justice of the Peace for fifteen years; has been Notary Pub- lic for many years past; Commissioner of Highways for three years, and is a member of the Masonic order; married, July 1, 1841, Miss Zadia N. Haff. a native of Rensselaer County, N. Y. ; were the parents of nine chikli-en, seven of whom are living. ROYAL A. JENNEY, son of Almon D. Jenney, formerly of Vermont, was born in Ster- ling, Macomb County, June 27, 1845; enlisted in Company D, Twenty second Michigan Volunteer Infantry, in ]8(i5; he taught school in Wayne County and Macomb County for seven years; in 1870, he entered the employ of the Union Iron Company of Detroit, and the same year piu-chased an interest in the concern; he is now Assistant Secretary of the comjiany; superintends the manufacture of charcoal, and is one of the managers of the firm. He was married, in December, 1871, to Miss C. Hoxsey, daughter of Edward Hox- sey; their childi-eit are Edith, Estelle, Pearl and Lee. Mr. Jenney was Township Clerk for one year, and is a meml^er of the Masonic Lodge of Utica. PAUL LEFEVRE, P. O. Center Line, son of .John and Amelia (Vandamme) Lefevre, was born in Passchendaele, Belgium; was educated in the township schools until 18(58, when he entered the college of Trelinghien; in 18(54, he entered the high school at Zoun- liL HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. 85T cbeke, Belgium. In 1805, he came to the United States with his parents, at Grosse Point, Wayne Co., Mich.; there his father died in 18()7. Paul remained on the homestead until lN7"i, when he moved to Warren Township. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Tremble, daughter of Eustache and Cecilia (Rivard) Tremble, of Wayne County, July IT), 1S73-, they are the parents of foiu' chikiren, viz. : Edmund E., Amelia E., Alfonso D. and Delia R. Mr Lefevre was elected Clerk of Warren in 1874, and served until 1878, when he was elected member of Supei-visors' Board from that township; he has been repeatedly re- elected, and holds the office at present. Mr. Lefevre and family belong to the Catholic Church. Politically, he is a Democrat. J. C. MASON, son of Ichabod and Maiy (Beals) Mason, natives of Massachusetts, was born January 8, 1884; father died in February, 18H4; and mother, in August, 1841. In his fifteenth year, he commenced working on a farm by the month; continued until 1854, when he began to leara blacksmithing in New York; continued his trade in Oakland County, Mich., and established himself permanently in Warren Township, Macomb County. He was married to Miss Elizalieth Davy, daughter of Elder Charles and Mary Davy, Feb- ruary 10, 18')7, to whom six children were born, of whom two are dead. The family be- long to the M. E. Church. Mason's wagon, buggy and iron working shops were estab- lished March 18, I8.3O; he began work as a blacksmith on a small scale, and, as business increased, added one department after another, until now his business includes the manu- factiu-e of buggies, wagons, a smithy, paint-shop, foundry, feed-mill, saw-mill; he deals in agricultural implements, and is the owner of a valuable property. EDWARD H. PECK, son of William and Ellen (Case) Peck, natives of New York, former of Ontario County, latter of Montgomery County, was born in the town of Phelps December 0, 1850; he was employed on the State Scow, Seneca River Canal for two years; in 1874, he came to Sterling Township, where he purchased a farm and lived for foiu- years; he visited his New York home in 187S, and, in June, 1879, purchased a farm in Warren Township, and located there: he is now the owner of a farm of 1 10 acres on Sec- tion 5. Ml-. Peck was married, March (>, 1877, to Miss Martha, daughter of Franklin Ames and Sarah (Moffit) Ames; this lady died November 27, 1878. He married Miss Celia J., daughter of Oixin Benson and Lydia M. (Perkins) Benson, natives of Vermont, January 15, 1880. The family are inclined to the Baptist Church. Politically, Mr. Peck is a Democrat. ABRAJI VAN FLEET. CHAPTER XXXIX. KAY TOWNSHIP. This towTiship is generally level, with very little flat land, and no swamps nor marshes- The varieties of timber common to Michigan formerly grew in large quantities in the township, and a fair proportion of mo.st kinds still exists. The principal streams are the North Branch of the Clinton River, which traverses the township near its eastern bound- aiy, due north, and enters Armada near its southwest corner; Coon Creek, which runs through the township northerly. Besides, there is Healey Brook, which rises on the Lofvell farm, in Washington Township. Ray is a line agricultiu'al locality, yielding an- nually above the average of the principal farm productions. From the returns of 1873, the following figures are gleaned, as representing the amounts of the various staple arti- 53 ■^ HI.STORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. cles raised during that year, being a fair general criterion: Wheat, 18. 555 bushels; corn, 38.000 bnshels; all other grain, principally oats, barley and rye, 41,170 bushels; potatoes, 14,69r3 bushels. The population of Ray Township, according to the census (special) of 1873, was 1,485. In 1880, it was reported to be 1,543. Joseph Chubb, in his paper on the early settlement of Ray, states that among the first settlers was Joseph Chubb, in the year 1825. His patent of one section of land was signed by John Q. Adams. At about this time. Zelottes Stone, John Gass, Duncan Gass, Na- thaniel Thompson, Benjamin Freeman, J. T. Robinson and Samuel Buttertield — with the largest family in Ray for many years — also settled there. The first schoolhouse was erected near what is now known as Ray Center in 1834. The first church building erected in Ray was in 1839. for the Close Communion Baptist society. Their first settled minis- ter was William Tuttle, and among its first members were Andrew Sutherland, Russell Roberts, Hiram Roberts and Josiah Parks. The Baptist Chiu'ch proper was organized in 1837. The first Congregational Church in Ray was organized on the 13th of Febru- ary, 1838, by the Rev. Philander Barber, of Romeo. The meeting was held at the house of David Stone, who was elected Clerk. The members who joined at that time were David Stone and wife, William Stone. Theophilus Stone. Zelottes Stone, Orrilla Weltou. Orsa- mus Lathrop and wife. Thomas E. Dryer, Carlos W. Brown. As we understand it. both churches still exist. Joseph Chubb buried his wife — the first adult person biu'ied in Ray — January 9. IS'27. Edgar Freeman was the first male child born in Ray. and Lucinda Chubb the first female. Among the first settlers who were heads of families now living are John Gass, Zelottes Stone, John Dicken, J. T. Robinson, Moroiah Chubb (widow of Joseph Chubb), Electa Louck (widow of William Louck) and John Goodell. In addition to this statement. John E. Day relates that, at the time of its organiza- tion, the township included Armada and Lenox in its boundaries. It was named by Noah Webster, and the name was spelled Rhea, after the Latin name of a river in Euro])e. After two or three years, the spelling was changed to Ray. On the Uth of July, 1827, John Biddle was elected Delegate to Congress, receiving from this township sixteen votes. November 5. 1827, William A. Burt was elected a member of the Territorial Legislature, receiving sixteen votes. There were only two road districts. Job Howell presiding over the work in one. and Joseph Chubb in the other. Joseph Chubb and Chauncy Bailey held the responsible oflSce of Fence Viewers. ORGANIZATION. The township of Ray, erected April 12, 1827, comprised all the county of Macomb north of the third townships, and in the 13th range, and the first meeting was held at the house of Noah Webster, the last Monday in May, 1827. The act of March 7. 1834, directed that surveyed Township 4 north. Range 14, be attached to and form a part of the town of Ray: and that the division botween the townships of Clinton and Harrison should there- after be the line dividing the 13th and 14th ranges. The act of June 22, 1832, attached Township 5, Range 14 east, and the east half of Township 5, in Range 13 east, to Macomb County, and directed that the country so annexed should form a portion of the town of Ray. The first town meeting was held at the house of Noah Webster May 28, 1827. Reu- ben R. Smith was chosen Moderator; Edmund Steward, Clerk. The ele^^tion resulted in the choice of Reuben R. Smith, Supervisor: Edmund Steward, Clerk; Chauncey Bailey, William Stephens and John Proctor, Assessors: Norman PeiTy, Job Howell, Nathaniel Thompson, Commissioners: Moses Freeman, Constable and Collector; Joseph Chubb, Sr. , William Hall ^nd Josiah Hamblin, Overseers of the Poor; Joseph Chubb, Chauncey Bai- ley, Fence Viewers; Job Howell and Joseph Chubb, Pathmasters. The first resolution of the Town Board was opposed to raising any money for the sup- ^?^=^ J^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. port of the poor. The board authorized the expenditiu'e of $5 on a record book, and a])- pointed Noah Webster Poundmaster. TmVN liOsTKl;. Supei'visors — Reuben R. Smith, 1827-38; County Commissioners, 1838-43; Charles Marble, 1839-40; Josiali Lee, 1840; Alexander Taejjles, 1842-43; Neil Grav. 1843-44; Jacob A. Crawford, 1844-45: Reuben R. Smith, 1845-46; Jacob A. Crawford, 1840-48; JohnM. Crawford, 1848-49: Jonathan E. Davis, 1849-50; John M. Crawford, 1850-51; Charles Marble, 1851-52; JohnM. Crawford, 1852-54; Joel Thompson, 1854-55; Hiram Ban-ows. 1855-5(J: Joel Thompson, 1850-58; Deliverance S. Priest, 1858-59; Elias W. Lyons, 1859-60; Joel Thompson, 1860-61; Deliverance S. Priest. 1861-62; JohnM. Crawford, 1862-63; Deliverance S. Priest, 1863-70; Ezra Nve, 1870-81; Watson W. Lvons, 1881-82. Clerks-Edmund Steward, 1827-29; Noah Webster, 1830-35; Duncan Gass, 1836: David Stone, 1837-39; W. M. Welley, 1840; Josiah T. Robinson, 1841; W. M. Welley, 1842; David Stone, 1843; Oran Freeman. 1844-45; Joseph Sutherland, 1846; William M. Lee, 1847-48; Joel Thompson, 1849-51; Daniel F. Lake, 1852-53. William M. Lee. 1854; Joseph Chubb, 1855; John Tewksbmy, 1856; Oran Freeman, 185 /-58; Joel Thompson, 1859; John W. Goodell, 1860; Ezra Nve, 1861-64; Wesley W. Welley, 1865-66; Ezra Nye, 1807-70; Norman Crawford. 1871 ; William L. Dicken,_1872 : Nor- man Crawford, 1873; William L. Dicken, 18i4-i0; Norman Crawford, 18((~i8;Milo W. Davis, 1879-81. Treasurers —Moses Freeman, 1827; Normas Perry, 1828-29; Cai pus Redway. 1830; William Hall, 1831; Apollos A. Fuller, 1832; Norman Pen-y, 1833; Eli H. Webster, 1834-36; Elijah Stone, 1837-38; Wilson W. Miller, 1839-40'; Benjamin Miller. 1841; David Sutherland, 1842; Joseph Sutherland. 1843; Elijah Stone, 1844; Orsamus Lath- rop, 1845-46; Elias W. Lyons, 1847-48; James H. Siitton, 1849; Thomas G. Omans, 1850; James Gass, 1851; Robert Sutherland, 1852-53; John Goodell, 1854; John E. Butterfield, 1855; Nelson Gass, 1856; Charles Fillmore, 1852; Elias Stone, 1858; Elias L. Stone. 1859; William L. Dicken, 1860; Elias L Stone. 1861; William D. Thompson. 1862; Myron Thompson. 1863-64; Wesley W. Wellev. 1865; Nelson Gass. 1860; R. M. Stitt, 1867-08; George W. Garvin. 1869-70; Russell B. Bratton. 1871-72; Daniel T. Chubb, 1873-74; Orrin J. Gass, 1875; Voluey N. Ai-nold. 1876-77; Eugene W. Miller. 1878. Myron Thompson, 1879; Eugene W. Miller, 1880-81. Justices of the Peace — Duncan Gass, 1836; Charles W. Brown, 1836; George W. Knapp, 1836; William H. Baker, 1836; L. Sharpstien. 1837; Duncan Ctes, 1837; David Stone, 1837; Duncan Gass, 1838; Charles Marble, 1838; L. Sharpstien. 1838; Duncan Ciass, 1839; Charles Marble, 1840; Josiah Lee, 1841; Alexander Tackles, 1842; William M. Welley, 1843; Charles Marble, 1844; Jonathan E. Davis, 1845; Alexander Tackles, 1846; William M. Welley, 1847; Deliverance S. Priest, 1848; Norton L. Miller. 1848; Elias W. Lyons, 1849; Jonathan E. Davis, 1850; J. T, Robinson, 1850; Theron Cad- worth, 1850; Jacob A. Crawford, 1851; Hiram Nye, 1851; William M. Welley. 1852; Hiram Barrows, 1853; William Willey, 1854; Barlow Davis, 1855; J. T.Robinson, 1857; James D. Roberts, 1858; Hiram Barrows, 1858; Dan Tewksbuiy, 1858; Joseph T. Robin- son, 1859; J. \V. Davis, 1859; Chauncey Sheldon, 1800; Milton Thompson. 1800; Hiram Barrows, 1861; A. Sutherland, 1862; J. T. Robinson, 1862; Albert Lincoln, 1863; John N. Sellick, 1863; William R. Sutton, 1804; Robert Warner, 1864; Stephen H. Davis. 1865; Josiah T. Robinson. 1806; Milton Thompson, 1866; Mason Cole, 1867; William M. Dorie, 1868: Stephen H. Davis, 1869; Joseph T. Robinsou, 1870; Bela R. Davis, 1871; E. L. Kendi-ick, 1871; William M. Dove, 1872; J. J. Bentley, 1873; D. Tewksbury, 1873-74; Robert Warner, 1875; Josiah T. Robinson, 1876; Bela R. Davis, 18 n; Daniel "IV i, ^: Tewksbiiry, 187S; Robert Warnev, 1879; Mason Cole. 1880; Bela R. Davis, 1881; Helm Hazleton, 1881. In 1882. W. W. Lyons. Deniocrat. was elected Supervisor; the remainder of the ticket is Republican: Supervisor. W. W. Lyons. Democrat, 142; A. Hazelton. Republi- can. 129; Democratic majority, 1:1 Clerk, M. W. Davis, Republican. 179; William Dove. Democrat. 85; Republican majority, 94. Treasurer, J. Gass, Republican. 151; W. T. Switzer. Democrat. 122; Republican majority, 29. ECCEN'TKICITIES OF THE TOWN BOAIID. The vote of the township on the question of State government, taken October 3, 1832, was thirty-three for and two against. The survey of the Armada & St. Clair Plank Road was made in April, 1853. In I860, the Town Board granted a bounty of 25 cents on every crow killed within the township. Under this rule, one Orrin Gass received in one payment no less than $5.25; Orsamus Lathrop, $1.25; George Rowley, §1; D. Sutherland. 50 cents; and Mun- son E. Lyons, 75 cents. Ray Township escaped the bonus of a railroad tax. TE.\CHERS' ASSOCIATION. The first Teachers' Educational Association organized in the county was that in 1847, in Ray Township. Dr. Philo Tillson was President; Mason Cole, Secretary. Prof. Nut ting delivered the inaugural address. The first meeting was held in the Baptist Church, Ray Center. At the second meeting, held the same winter, in the Congregational Church. Romeo, Peter Moyers, a native of Washington Township, and a graduate from Oberlin College, addressed the teachers. The association existed for five years, when it mei'ged into the Teachers' Institute. THE PATRIOT WAK. The Canadian patriots claimed the sympathy of the early settlers of Ray. So intense was the feeling of the Americans, that Great Britain was about to declare war against the United States. The people of Ray were among those prepared to treat Great Britain to another Yorktown. Weekly drill was held for six weeks under Capt Willey. of Mt. Clem- ens. The Ray company was present at the review held at Mt^ Clemens May 12, 1838. THE CUAWFOKD SCIIOOl.. The schoolhouse of the Crawford settlement was located almost on the line of Ray and Macoml). It was built in 1839. Among the early teachers were; Mary E. Garvin, Sarah O. Garviu, Mr. Thurston, in 1844-45. In 1846, Mason Cole took charge of the school. He says, speaking of the school of that time: '" It was the most interesting school that was ever in Ray, because the material composing the school was probably superior to what was there before, and what has been there since." In 1846-47, algebra was in- troduced into the school at Crawford, being its first introduction into the district schools of Macomb County. Among the pupils were the Crawford brothers, Henry Castle, the Misses Wycoff, the Misses Hall, Jones, Charles and Lorenzo Culver, the Misses Woodard, R. AVycofi". .KcuooLs iM 1881-83. The School Directoi-s for 1881-82 were: George W. Garvin, Amos Van Horn, George Bottomley, John J. Hartway, Oscar Chamberlin, Elijah Co.star, Joseph A. Mclnnes and Harrison Stone, presiding over Districts 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6, and Fractional Districts 2, 8 and 15, respectively. The number of children of school age in the township in September, 1881, was 429. There are eight frame school buildings valued at $3,250. The total ex- penditure of the town on account of schools during the year ending September, 1881. -^ l\±, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. amounted to $2,130, of which sum $1,070 was paid to teachers. The people speak hifjhly of their schools, and seem to be thoroughly satisfied with the new order of school affairs under the recent amendment of school act. R.VY CENTKR. Ray Center is situated near the center of Ray Township, as its name implies. It is a place of no growth now, even compared with what it was years ago. It is five miles northwest of New Baltimore Station, or Milton, twelve north of Mt. Clemens, and forty- two above Detroit. The hamlet is situated on the North Branch of the Clinton River, in a level and fertile grain-producing region. There is a post office at Ray Center: also a Congregational Church and a common school. The population of the place is about one hundi'ed. Rev. John Gillam combines the dual office of Methodist Pastor and village physician. F. W. Miller operates a saw and floiu- mill. The water-power of the North Branch of the Clinton is utilized at this point. H. Freeman is owner of a lumber manu- facturing concern. D,4vrs. Davis contains about twenty-five buildings, one general store, two blacksmith shops. a hotel, one saw-mill, one cider-mill, one cooper-shop. There is a Methodist Episcopal Church and a district school. The hamlet is located at the southwest corner of the town- ship, within half a mile of the corners of the torn townships of Shelby, Macomb, Wash ington and Ray. It contains about one himdredand fifty inhabitants, with good prospects of a rapid increase. This place has been alternately known as Brooklyn and Davis. The post office is administered by B. R. Davis. The churches of the township, referred to in the general history, comprise the Meth- odist Episcopal. Free Methodist, Congregational, and a union chiu-ch, now attended by a Rev. Mr. Young, of Romeo. The Macomb Lodge, No. 64, F. A. M., was organized on the '29th day of April, 1853, by Allen P. Bentley. George W. Knapp. Calvin Davis, Sr., Jedediah Millard, J. E. Davis, Oliver Adams, Ira F. Pearsall, William Bullock, James Kiles and Charles Bennett, Mas- ter Masons. The first meeting was held at the house of Daniel Benjamin, in Macomb, on the evening of the 29th day of April, A. D. 1853, Allen P. Bentley acting as Worshipful Master; George W. Knapp, Senior Warden; Oliver Adams, Junior Warden; Calvin Davis, Sr., Treasiu-er: J. E. Davis, Secretary. William Bullock, Senior Deacon; Charles Ben- nett, Junior Deacon; and L. Hoard, Tiler. The names of the principal officers since organization are as follows: 1853 — Allen P. Bentley, Worshipful Master; J. E. Davis, Secretary; Calvin Davis, Treasurer. 1854 — Allen P. Bentley, Worshipful Master: William Bullock, Secretary: Calvin Davis, Treasurer. 1855 — Allen P. Bentley, Worshipful Master; H. F. Keeler, Secretary; Calvin Davis. Treasirrer. 1856 — Allen P. Bentley, Worshipful Master; George W. Knapp, Secretary; Calvin Davis, Treasurer. 1857 — John Nichols. Worshipful Master; George W. Knapp, Secretary; Niles Gid- dings. Treasurer. 1858 — -Barlow Davis, Worshipful Master; Albert Lincoln, Secretary; Niles Giddings, Treasurer. 1859 — J. E. Davis. Worshipful Master; Albert Lincoln, Secretary; Francillo Davis, Treasurer. -H B V HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 1 860— Charles Bernett. Worshipful Master; S. G. Cole, Secretary: Barlow Davis, Treasurer. 1N61 — George W. Knapp, Worshipful Master; J. D. Rice, Secretary: Josiah Terwil- liffor. Treasurer. 1862 — Charles Bennett, Worshipful Master; A. H. Miller, Secretary; Jousithan Ter- williger. Treasurer. 1863 — Albert Lincoln, AVorshipful Master; John G. Atken, Secretary; Barlow Davis, Treasurer. 1864 — Hemy Bennett, Worshipful Master; Albert Lincoln, Secretary ; Barlow Davis, Treasm-er. 1865 — Hemy Bennett, Worshipful Master; Elisha Briggs. Secretary; Myron Thomp- son, Treasiu'er. 1866 — Barlow Davis. Worshipful Master; Elisha Briggs, Secretary; Myron Thomp- son, Treasui'er. 1867 — Henry Bennett, Worshipful Master; Herschal Gass, Secretary; Barlow Davis, Treasu^rer. 1868 — C. F. Apling, Worshipfiil Master; Oran Freeman, Secretary; Barlow Davis, Treasurer. 1869 — Henry Bennett, Worshipful Master; Oran Freeman, Secretary; Barlow Davis, Treasarer. 1870 — Henry Bennett, Worshipful Master; Oran Freeman, Secretary; Myron Thomp son, Treasm-er. 1871 — Hemy Bennett, Worshipful Master: Oran Freeman, Secretary; Myron Thomp- son, Treasm-er. 1S7"2 — Hem-y Bennett. Worshipful Master; Oran Freeman. Secretary ; Hoswell Church, Treasiu-er. 1873 — Henry Bennett, Worshipful Master; Ezra Nye, Secretary; Hoswell Church, Treasurer. 1874— Henry Bennett, Worshipful Master; Ezra Nye, Secretary; Hoswell Chm-ch, Treasurer. 1875 — Hem-y Bennett, Worshipful Master; Ezra Nye, Secretary; Hoswell Church, Treasurer. 1876 Henry Bennett. Worshipful Master; Ezra Nye, Secretary; Hoswell Church, Treasurer. 1877 Henry Bennett, Worshipful Master: Ezra Nye, Secretai-y; Hoswell Church. Treasurer. 1878- A. E. Collins, Worshipful Master; Charles Bennett, Secretary: George Garvin, Treasm-er. 1879 Henry Bennett, Worshipful Master; Charles Bennett, Secretary; George Gar- vin, Treasui-er. 1880 A. E. Collins, Worshipful Master: Watson W. Lyons, Secretary; Myi-on Thompson, Treasm-er. 1881- A. E. Collins. Worshipful Master; Watson W. Lj'ons, Secretary; Myron Thompson, Treasurer. ISS-J -A. E. Collins, Worshipful Master; Watson W. Lyons, Secretary; Charles Beu- n(>tt, Treasurer. I'KRSONAL .SKliTCHES. In the pages, devoted to personal history, are given the biogi-ajihieal sketches of the pioneer and prominent citizens of the township. This very important section of the TP d^ HISTORY or MACOMB COUNTY. woi"k has been very fully treated; so that the history of this district may be said to be complete in every respect. SAMUEL ALDRICH. P. O. Davis, son of Peter Aldrich, was born April 12, \SV2, in Ontario, N. Y. He came to Michigan in June. 183(j, and settled in Armada, where he re- mained twelve years. He was married. March 1, 188(5, to Deborah Bannister; they be- came the parents of eight children — Peter, married Lucinda Johnson, of Ray: Armada, married Charles Curtis, and afterward Samuel Reed; Alma. Mr.s. \V. H. Eaton, of Wash- ington (see sketch): John, married Lydia Bannister, resides in Washington; James Z., maiTied Dora Loomis. resides in Armada; Ella. Mrs. George Ames, of Armada; Alden, resides in Ray. Mr. Aldrich has always been a Democrat; he is a ])ioneer of Ray Town- ship, and owns !()() acres of land, which he acquired by hard labor, economy and persever- ance. His tirst wife died September 5, ISTO, and he was married again, in 1S7'2. to Mrs. Sarah Rawlings, a native of Mom-oe Cou.nty. N. Y. ; they are members of the Christian Chm'ch. ISAAC ANDERSON, P. O. Romeo, was born August 23. 182(5, in Cambria. Niagara Co.. N. Y. In May. l'S2it, his parents came to Michigan, and settled on a farm in Wash- ington Township, and afterward removed to St. Clair County. He was married, Januaiy 25. 184(5. to Mary, daughter of Viras Wood; she was born in Washington Township Feb- ruary 1(), 1830. they have had nine children, as follows: Sally Ann. born March (>, 1847. maiTied Royal Beals. of Berlin, St. Clair County; Maria, born January 14, lN4y. now Mrs. Alonzo Hoover, of Berlin; Deborah, born October 17. 1S")2, died March 2, LS58; Ellen, born February 9. 18ri4, now Mi-s. Andrew Thompson, of Ray; Sarah T.. born May 17,18ri"), died March 2". l8f5rn Ira, July 81, 18(50; Isaac, July 2(5, 18fi2; George. February 5. 18(54; Samuel. December i, 18(59. Mr. Anderson has always been a Democrat. CHARLES F. APLING, P. O. Davis, was born September 1, 1884, in Seneca County, N. Y. ; is a son of Israel and Mary (Gilbert) Apling; the parents were natives of Pennsylvania, and went to Niagara County, N. Y., where they passed the remainder of their lives; his father died in 18."i9, aged sixty-five years; his mother, in 18(50. Mr. Ap- ling came to Michigan and settled in Ray Township in 185ri. He was married, November 20. 18(50, to Emily E., daughter of Thomas and Sally A. Woodman, natives of New York, who came to Michigan in 1884 and settled on Section 80. in Ray Township: Mrs. Apling was born in Ray July 2(5, 1889; they have one child. Herman D.. born June (5, 18(58; Leslie L. was born in August. 18(52, and died September 80. 18(58: another child was born October 12, 18(58. and died August 21, 18(54: another child was born August 12. 1878. who did not live. Mr. Apling enlisted, at the time of the civil war. in the Thirtieth Michigan Volunteer Infantry, and was in service on the border of Canada. He belongs to the Ma- sonic order, Lodge No. (54, Macomb; in political faith, is a Republican. J. J. BENTLEY, P. O. Davis, was born April 28. 1829. in Richmond. Ontario Co.. N. Y. ; is a son of Preston D. and Sophia James Bentley: his parents were natives of Rhode Island; they came to Macomb County, where his father died in 18')1. aged sixty-three; his mother was married again, to Rev. J. E. Davis (see sketch of B. R. Davis), and died July 19, 1879, aged eighty-five. Mr. Bentley, of this sketch, came to Michigan with his father in 1841. when twelve years of age. He was mai'ried. November 28. 1858. to Cynthia, daughter of Bissell Robinson, born September 29, 1884: her father was born in Massa- chusetts January 15, 1805, and came to Michigan in 1881. and is still living in Oxford. Oakland County; her mother was a native of New York, born February 9, 1811. and died March 10. 18()7. Mi". Bentley and wife have thi-ee children — Fred, born November 22, 1857; Effie. June 11, 18(51 (Mrs. McGregor); Cora G., May 29, 18(5(>, resides at home. The family are members of the M. E. Church in Davis, Ray Township. Mr. Bentley sold his HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. farm in Ray, and owns a house and lot in Davis. He acts with the Republican party, and has served four years as Justice of the Peace. GIOOIMJK BOTTOMLEY, of Romeo, was born in Manchester, England. January '1\, 1825, and was the son of .Enos and Mary Bi>ttora]ey; they moved from England in 1880, and came to Macomb County, where they settled on a farm in the township of Erin. He mai-ried Sarah Martin April 2, 1849; they had nine children, viz.: Mary Jane, born Feb- ruary 14, 1850, man-ied Joel Ingalsbee October 1, 1871, and now lives in Sanilac County; Sarah Maria, born September 8, 1857, married James Smith June 5, 1873, lives in Ray; Edwin Joseph, born July 2, 1853, married Anna Brothers January 2, 1878, resides at Chi- cago; Ellen, born August 23, 1855, man-ied "William Smith December 28, 1875, lives in Lapeer County; Hannah Clara, born September 21, 1857, man-ied John Varney January 24, 1879, resides at Romeo: George Alfred, born January 17, 1860; William Charles, born November 2fi, ISfil: Walter John, born April 25, 18(54; Alice Elizabeth, born August 27, 18r)(). Mr. Bottomley was drafted in 1S(U, and, but for a large family dependent upon him for support, would have gone to the war; he, however, fiu-nished a substitute, jiaying !j()50. Mr. Bottomley has always been a Republican; has been a member of the M. E. Church for thirty years, and has taken a prominent part as a class-leader, exhorter and Superin- tendent of the Sunday school. He moved to Ray and settled on his farm in Section 8, Rav Townshij), November 25, 18fi5, where he still resides. " ROBERT S. CAIRNS was born in Allegany County, N. Y., December 6, 1827; is a son of Robert B. and Susanna (Nephew) Cairns; his father was born in Seneca County, N. Y., April 5, 1798, and moved to Michigan about 18fil, where he died in December, 1880; his mother died in 18(i(i. Mr. Cairns was married, March 6, 1852, to Mary Reed, who died February 24, 1880; they had ten children — John E., born June 8. 1853, resides in Kalamazoo, Mich.; Jane E., born June 25, 1855, man-ied BjTon Chm-ch January 7, 1875, lives in Richmond Township; Robert A., March 2, 1857, married Sophronia Pennock in November, 1878, resides in Oceana County, Mich. ; Clarence E., born January 1, 1859; Willard W., bom May 4, 18()1; Mary A, June 7, 1803; Eda E.. April 29, I8«i5, died, Au- gust 20, 18H. 18()4, and returned to his home. He was married. March 1, lS(>r>. to Julia Shattuck; their four childi'en were born as fol- lows: Eugene. May 2H, 18(>7; Charles. October 'I'4, 187(1; Lily. August 15. 1873: Mary J.. March 10, 1877. Mr. Chamberlain owns thirty acres of land on Sections 1") and "-'8, in Ray Township; he is a Republican in political views, and is Postmaster of Ray. ENOCH CRAWFORD, P. O. Mead, was born October Ifi, 18lZ6, in Cohocton. N. Y.; is a son of Enoch and Content (Parks). Crawford; he came to Michigan with his father -July 2, 1884: the latter located a farm of Government land in Section 3(). a section of the town- ship known as the Crawford settlement, having been settled by different members of the family. February 18, 1851, Mr. Crawford, of this sketch, was married toMary B.Ben- nett; they have seven children, born as follows; Omar, August ".^5, 1852, married Louisa, daughter of Richard and Barbary Butler; Rollin, October 9, 185;-i; Mary, July 14, 1851), married to George Gantield; Burton, August 9, 1859; JohnB., September 15, 18li4; Fanny, January 81, 18(i7; Hiram. November 28. 18()9. Mr. Crawford's father bought his land of the Government; he settled in that pai't of Ray known as Crawford settlement; he died May 20, 1872; his wife. December 7, 1869. Mr. Crawford belongs to the pioneer element of Ray: he is a Democrat in politics, but votes according to his judgment; he owns 115 acres of land on Section 8H. WILSON CRONK, P. O. Romeo, was born Mai'ch 18, 1822, in Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y. ; is the son of James and Laura (Wilson) Cronk; his parents went to Otsego County, N. Y., and when he was ten years old, they moved to Perinton, Monroe Co.. N. Y., and in 1854 he came to Michigan, and settled where he now resides in December. 1855. He was married, in April, 1851, to Jeanette Cronk, who died December 1, 1858, and was married again, February 19, 1855, to Julia, daughter of George S. Collins, of Perinton, N. Y. : they have two children — Carrie, born October 22, 1857; and Lovilla M.. October 10, 18')0. Mr. Cronk is a Republican, and has held the office of Commissioner in Ray Township. DAVID T. CHUBB, P. O. Ray Center, was born November 17. 1881, at Ray Center, Macomb County; he is a son of Joseph and Maria Stevens Chubb. He was mar- ried, September 24, 1864, to Mary Jane, daughter of Parker Hart; they have six childi-en, born as follows; Fred L., September 5, 18(')(); Ai-chie, July 12, 18()8; Chettie, May 2<, 1872; Lena, April 22. 187(); Henry J., August 28, 1878;" L. Guy, July 7, 1881. Mr. Chubb was formerly a Democrat, but, since the election of Lincoln, has been a Repub- lican. He lives on the family homestead with his mother. Maria (Stevens) Chubb was born in Chateaugay, Franklin Co., N. Y.. May 12. 180(); she accompanied a brother-in- law to Michigan mthe spring of 1825. and settled on Section 22, Ray Township, May 8. She was man-ied. May 20. lS27, to Joseph Chubb, who died May 27, 1889; they had six childi-en, whose record is as follows: Lucinda, born June (, 1828, man-ied Elias Lee January 7. 184(), and lives in Ray; Lucretia, born January 4, 1880, married Daniel Tewksbury and lives in Ray; David T. (see sketch): Polly A., born August 24. 1884, married, Attgust 22, 18fil, to Cornelius Virgil, of Romeo (see sketch); Elijah N., born January 81. 1887, married Emma Tewksbury and resides at Utica Junction; Edwin C, born January 2, 1840, married Ai-abella Robinson August 17, 18(i2, and lives in Ray. Mrs. Chubb is a member of the Baptist Church of Ray, built about 1837; her early expe- riences in Michigan were those of the pioneers of that day. In moving from Mt. Clemens ;f* J^± HISTOKY OF MAC0M15 COUNTY. to Ray. they were obliged to cnt roads through the forest, build bridges, and where they settled it was primeval wilderness — not a stick had been previously cut. MARIA CURTIS, P. O. Romeo, was born in Saratoga County, N. Y., November 11, 1797: she is the daughter of John andOdra (Simons) Fillmore, and was married, June IH, [8'21, to Asa Curtis; they came to Michigan September ;i(l, \H'-il\, and took a farm, where they remained until the death of Mr. Curtis, March IT), 1S()7. Mrs. Cm-tis is eighty- four years old, and is still an active, energetic person; she has been the mother of ten chikh-en, born as follows: Marietta, January !•), 1828; Louisa, October IT), 1824, died December 14, 1856: William W.. October 21, 182(); Clarissa, January 31, 1829; Edwin Mar, May 21, ISlU; Harriet, April 10, 1838, died August 24, 18-"j4: Caroline, March 28, 183r); Sylves- ter, Ajiril 28, 1887, died July 14, 1887; James A., June 4, 1888; Matilda, born and died October 2, 1840. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis are meml)ers of Christ Church; also their daughter. Marietta; the latter o.\ns a farm of fifty acros on Section 4, Ray, and her mother resides with her. BELA R. DAVIS, P. O. Davis, was born in Covington, Genesee Co., N. Y., Jiily 24, 1829; in the spring of 1848, he came to Michigan with his parents; his father, Jonathan E. Davis, was born in Hubbardton, Worcester Co., Mass. , February 1. 1788 (Bela R. went to California in November, 1852, and remained until June, 185(5), and now lives with his Sons; he is one of the oldest Methodist ministers in the State; was licensed to preach in 1815, and was traveling preacher frem that date to 1848; he is ninety-four years old, and the oldest Mason in the State; was installed in 1818. Mr. Davis, of this sketch, was mai'- ried, in April, 1852, to Harriet, daughter of Duncan Gass; they have had six children — Belle S.. born March 2, 1858. died November 5, 1877; Milo W., April 24, 1857; Fred G., November 4, 1859; Ella B.. December Ki, 18(12, died Augxist 9, 1878; Willie. April 19, 18()5, died August K), ISGC); Hattie E., July 24, 187('). Mr. Davis is a Reimblican, and has always taken an active part in jjolitics; has been elected Justice of the Peace three terms. He enlisted, in September, 1862, in the Twenty-second Michigan Volunteer In- fantry, and was discharged for disability in December following; he was appointed Post- master of Davis in March, 1876, and still holds the office; he and his wife are active members of the M. E. Church. JOHN DICKENS. P. O. Davis, was born in Shropshire, England, about 1811. He emigrated to America about 1827. and first settled near the Catskill Mountains, in New York. He moved to Michigan in the spring of 1882, and located on Section IS, in Ray, where he now resides; he received his deed from President Jackson. He was married, about 1881, to Jemima Gass: she was born in New York, and died in 185U; they have had eight children; Andrew, Nelson, Charlotte and Lewis are dead; John man'ied Alice Bannister and resides in Brooklyn; Andrew married Eleanor Skellinger and resides in Ionia County, Mich,; William married America Harris, and is now County Clerk, and resides at Mt. Clemens ; Jane married Mr. Crawford, and resides in Ionia County. Mr. Dickens is inde[)endent in political action, but inclines to Democratic principles; has held several township offices. ARAD FREEMAN. P. O. Romeo, was born in Onondaga County Co., N. Y., Febru- ary 2(), 1N15; he is the son of Benjamin and Hannah Green Freeman; the family went to Ontario County, N. Y, and came to Michigan June 1, 1825, buying a fann in Section 5, Ray Township; the mother died in March, 1852, an 1 the father died about three years later. In 1888, Mr. Freeman married Catherine Jewell, and began life as a pioneer in the wilderness, fifteen miles from Grand Rapids; a year later, he moved to this county and bought a farm on Section 1(), Ray Township, where he has since resided; his father built the first house and barn in Ray. and he built the first house and barn in his section; he contributed largely to the building of the Union Chiu'ch in Ray, and became a member ^^ fk HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. of the same. Mr. and Mrs. Freeman have two children — Lucius L.. born May 20, 1841, and was mamed to Adelaide Thompson; he was married a second time, to HattieWaiTen, and lives in Pontiac, Mich. ; Elvira A., born December 'iS, 1846, lives at home. 'Mr. Free- man was a Whig, and has since voted with the Republican party; he has been Justice of the Peace for three years; he was a practical miller twenty years. MOSES FREEMAN, about the year 17()0, left his native country with his wife and four young sons, to make a home on the American continent; the little vessel in which they sailed was his own, and. after a long and perilous voyage, they landed at Cape Cod Bay, and settled at Chatham, Conn. ; the father made his family as comfortable as possi- ble, and left them for another seafaring trip, which he ]>romised should be his last, in- tending, on his return, to sell his vessel and enter upon a farmer's life; he never retiu-ned; but a wreck, with a blanket marked with his name, was fotmd. which told the story of his fate. The mother struggled, for her children's sake, to live and care for them, but died in a short time, and the four sons were separated and pilaced in the care of kind families, losing, eventually, all trace of each other. Joseph Freeman, the youngest, was taken by a family named Newman, by whom he was brought up with religious care; he joined the M. E. Church while yoiing, and remained a zealous member more than fifty years. In ITlin, he married Silvia Newman and went to Vermont, where he lived for twenty years, and then removed to Pompey, Onondaga Co. , N. Y. ; he remained there nearly ten years, but, not being able to obtain land, Joseph Freeman and his son Benjamin, with Edward Steward and John Howell, removed with their families to Richmond, Ontario Co., N. Y. , where they piu'chased land articles and held them for four years. Asahel and Chauncy Bailey had previously removed to Romeo, Macomb Co., Mich., and there their favorable report induced the father and son Benjamin to sell their articles of land and move to Michigan; they came in 1824, when the Territory was nearly all a howling wilderness; they went to Buffalo with teams, and drove a flock of sheep. Moses Freeman, the younger son, in company with two sons of Albert Finch, was sent through Canada the fall before with the cattle and a span of horses; they wore seven days crossing the lake to Detroit; came to Romeo, and soon after bought farms. Joseph Freeman settled near Farrar's Mill. Benjamin located near Gray's Mill, in Ray — the first settlers east of Romeo. Joseph Freeman had seven daughters and three sons — CjTithia married Asahel Bailey (see sketch of Romeo); Benjamin N., born in 1791, mari-ied Hannah Green; they had ten children, nine of whom survive; came to Michigan in 1824; died in 1854; Clary, born in 1793, mar- ried Edward Steward; had eight children; came to Michigan in 1.82(i; died in 1867; Phcebe, born in 1796, married Job Howell; had foiu- children; came to Michigan in 1826; died in 1865: Moses, born in 180], married Ann Powell; had foiu- ehildi-en; came to Michigan in 1828; died in 1871; Amanda, born in ISOIJ, is yet living; came to Michigan in 1824: Sarah, born in 180."), mamed John Pi'oc tor; had seven children; came to Mich- igan in 1824; died in 18()2; Marilla, born in 1805, still living; married John Rattery; came to Michigan in 1824; Mila, born in 1808, married John Warner; had live children; came to Michigan in 1824; he is still living. Matilda, born in 1812, died in 1832; came to Michigan in 1824: married Dr. Carpenter; Amos N., born in 18ir), married Maria Fralich; they had five children; came to Michigan in 1824: still living. Oran Freeman is the son of' Benjamin Freeman. Joseph Freeman was born in 176/, and died in 182."): his wife was born in 1769 and died in 1831. GEORGE W. GARVIN was born August 26, 1835, in the town of ■\\'ashington, Ma- comb County, Stat"^ of Michigan: he is the son of Anch-ew Stitt, who married Rhoda In- man in the year 1812, in the State of New York, and moved to the State of Michigan (or Territory) in the year 1827, and settled in the town of Washington; his wife, Rhoda, died September 3, 1835; George was then adojated by Nathaniel and Lydia Garvin, who were r^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. settled on Section 21, iu the town of Ray. Mr. Garvin was married, January 19, 1861. to Elizabeth Ackerman ; they have five children — Nellie F. , born June 1 3, 1 SCi'I ; Julia E. , April 3(1. 18f>4: M. Jennie, January 14, ISCC); Wynne C, December 8, 18(>7; Emilia B., April 23. 1874. j\Ir. Garvin, of this sketch, succeeded to the possession of the farm of 100 acres, on which he now lives, in ISfil; he has always been a Republican, and has been Consta- ble for twenty-one years, and has held the office of Treasiu-er and Clerk of the town; he is a member of the Christian Union Chiu-ch. and has taken an active interest in religious and Sunday school work. Mrs. Garvin's mother, Emilia Ackerman, is now living with them; she is eighty-two years old, having lived in Michigan fifty-seven years. JAMES GASS. P. O. Davis, youngest son of John Gass, was born January fS, 1823. in Lexington. Greene Co., N. Y, ; his fattier was born in ITTfi, and had fourteen sons; he came to Michigan in July, 1837, bought the property of Eli Webster on Section 30, in Ray, where he died December 17, 18; Emma C, March 25, 1852, died July 8, 1854; Henry D., July 3, 1854, died January 4, 1870; Sarah A., Mi's. Joseph Ackei'man, February 2, 18(33. Mr. Hoover is a Republican in political sentiment; he owns a line place, with residence, in Davis, Ray Township. Mrs. Hoover belongs to the M. E. Chiux-h. ELIJAH W. HOWE, P. O. Davis, was born March 29, 1823, in Marcellus, N. Y., and went with his parents to Monroe County, N. Y., and, in the fall of 1830, to Oakland County, Mich. ; six years after, he went to Lapeer County, and from there to Macomb County, settling on Section 27, in Ray Township, in 184(). He was married. May 30, 184(3, to Jane Miller; they have two children — Precontia, born April 30, 1848, mamed Joy Warner and resides in Ray; and Elva, born October 24, 1852, married John M. Green and resides on the home farm. Mr. Howe is a member of the M. E. Church, and has been a local preacher twenty years; he is a Republican in political views. Mrs. Howe is a na- tive of New York, and came to Macomb County when but three years of age; her parents settled on the place where is now her residence; she belongs to the M. E. Chiuch. WATSON W. LYONS, P. O. Davis, was born in Ray Township September 26, "Pv HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 1S89; liio father. William Lyons, came from New York in the fall of 1S37, and settled on Section 33; he died in August, 1S4(). aged thirty-four years; his wife is still living on the homestead. In 1S7(>, he commenced operating in insurance business, and, in 1S7"2. was appointed Deputy Secretary of Macomb ;ind St. Clair County Fire Insurance Com- pany; in June, 1S74, was elected Secretarj'. and still holds the position. Mr. Lyons is a Democrat; has been Road Commissioner and Constaljle several terms, and now holds the office of Supervisor. JOHN McCAFFERTY, P. O. Romeo, is a son of John and Fanny (McManegal) Me- Cafferty; bis father was one of the earliest settlers in the township of Bruce, where he located in the fall of 1N2(5. Mr. MeCafferty was born October 20. 1S8S. and lived at home until the age of twenty-one, when he settled in Armada. January 1-1. 1S()2, he was mar- ried to Louisa, daughter of Horatio Hulett. of Armada. In ilarch, 1S78, he moved to his present farm on Section 1), Ray Township; he has always voted the Democratic ticket. JOHN McINNIS. P. O. Davis, was born in Ireland March IT). 1821. He came to Canada in 1S2S, and remained there until INC),"), when he settled in his present location, on Section 21, in Ray Township, on a portion of the Joseph Chubb estate. He was maiTie<3. January fi. isr)3, to Susan Hogg, a native of Canada. Following is the record of their nine children: Margaret J., born November 22. ISW^. married Alfred Bliss and resides in Benzie County; James A., born March (>, IS,"),"), married Emma Green and resides in Ray Township; Thomas K.. boi-n March 24, 1^57; Mathew H., born November 2S. IS.^S, died December 22. ISliO; Rachel A., born May 5, LSfil; Susan, August 1, lSfi2; Charlotte E., January IS, INC)"); John H.. born December 2S, 1,SC)S. Mr. and Mrs. Mclnnis are members of the Congregational Chm'ch. and were actively interested in building the church at Ray Corners. Mr. Mclnnis is a Republican, and is at present Road Commissioner. MRS. MARIA J. NYE was born July S, 1SH7; she is the daughter of Ira and Betsey Virgil. Mrs. Nye was a native of the State of New York; she came to Michigan in 1S."]2, and was married. December 7, IN-")*), to Ezra Nye. of Ray. Mi\ Nye was born October 1(1, 1N3C), and died October 9, ISSl. on the farm on which he was born, at the age of forty-five; he was the son of Heman and Mary Ann Nye; they were natives of the State of New York. Ezra Nye was a Republican, and held the office of Town Clerk, to which he was elected in ISIil, ten years, with the e.xception of two years within that time; he was elected Supervisor in 1S71. and held the position ten years. Mr. and Mrs. Nye had eight children, born as follows: Burt, born May 13, 1S.")S; Mary, born July 10, IS")'.), married to Arthur Flint October ."), IN'U; May, born March 11, 1S()2; Frank, born Januarv 23, 1SC)4; Fred, born November N, 1SC)S; Ofive, born September 14, 1870, died May 19, 1S71; Olive (second), born September 13, 1875; Ivy, born November 21, 1876. Mrs. Nye owns a farm of 180 acres, situated on Sections 17, 20 and 21. THOMAS PAINE, P. O. Davis, was born November 0, 1S0(), in the State of New York; is a son of Thomas and Sally Hartman Paine; the parents were natives of New York. In 1832, he came to Michigan with his mother, his father having previously died, Thomas took up four lots of Grovornment land — two for his mother and two for himself; it was in the heart of the wilderness; not a tree had fallen by the white man's ax, and they were obliged to cut a road to reach their possessions. Mr. Paine has experienced all the vicis- situdes of the Michigan pioneer in the Territorial days. He was married, in 1832, to Eliz- abeth, daughter of Duncan and Margaret McGregor, natives of Scotland; Mrs. Paine was born in Greene County, N. Y. ; they have had seven children, born as follows: Duncan, September 4, 1833 (see sketch); Benjamin, July IS. 183(); Sarah, May IS, 1838; Ran- som, November 14, 1840; James. November 1, 1S42; Zaohary, July 2"), lS4."n Margaret A., February 25, lSr)3. Ransom was a soldier in the civil war, and died in the hospital at Murfreesboro, Tenn., of typhoid fever, January 17, 1862. Mr. and Mrs. Paine are mem- bere of the M. E. Church; he is a Republican; owns a line farm of I'iO acres. DUNCAN PAINE, P. O. Davis, son of the above, was married, June "iS, 1,S()8. to Alvira. daughter of Crosby and Olive Wilber Gregory, natives of New York: they have four children — Jesse M., born May II, 1S(U): Olive E.. August 18, 1871; Lewis C. Decem- ber 7, 1878; Ida M., February "io. 1S7<>. Mr. Paine is a Republican, and owns lOO acres of land on Sections li) and "ilt. NELSON PERRY, son of John and Rebecca King Perry, was born May 9, 1808, in Saratoga County, N. Y. ; his parents moved to Seneca County, N. Y., where they passed the remainder of their lives. In the spring of 1888. Mr. Perry came to Michigan and settled where he now resides, on Section 1, Ray Township. He was married, in 1881. to Aiu-elia Clark, who died July 2'.). 188o, leaving one child. Clark, born November 22. 1882; he maiTied S;u'ah Powell and lives in Lynn, St. Clair County. Mr. Perry was mar- ried a second time, to Susan Burlson, February 18, 188U; they have five children — Min- erva, born June 4, 1841, married Henry Ward October 5, 1861 : Lucy, April 8, 1843, mar- ried Archibald Powell November 12. 18r)S: Manley, August 18, 1846, married Emily Butter- held: John S., February 26,1848, married Sarah Cooley January 1, 1S()S; Phoebe J., Jan- uary 12. 18r)4, married Thomas Benson July 8. LS6y, died January It, LSSO. All the chilcb'en are living on or near the home farm. Mr. Perry has always been an adherent of the Democratic party. D. S. PRIEST was born August 7. 1S14. at Arlington, Beuniagton Co., Vt. ; he is the son of Thomas Priest and Marj^ Ann Squires; his parents moved to Monroe County, N. Y., when ]ie-'Was""iive" years of age: they gave him a good common-school education, and, at the age of nineteen, he commenced teaching school winters and working on the fann in summer for fourteen years, and boarded around the most of the time. He lived in the State of New York until he was twenty-four years old, when he moved to Michigan and bought a farm on Section 8, in the township of Ray, in the fall of 1887. He was mairied, September 28, 1S41. to Charity, daughter of Isaac Thompson; they have had three children — Chester S. Priest, born March 12. 1848. married to Mary Adelia Allen in January, 186S,and now lives on the homestead; Laiu-a C. Priest, born November 20. iSlil. died February 28, 18r)0; MvTonD.. bom August 1, 18r)8, and died March 27. 186U. Mr. Priest was an old-time Whig, and was in the merging of the political issues which signal- ized the end of the party: he became a Republican; lie took an active part in politics, and was elected a Re])resentative in the State Legislature from Macomb County in the fall of 186U, and again in 1871: he held that office two terms, in all, four years, accejttably to his constituents. When he first came to Michigan to live, he was elected fi-om time to time School Insjaector. and Justice of the Peace for many years, regardless of party ascendency ; they also elected him Supervisor from time to time for thirteen years: he has been one of the Directors of the Farmers' Mutual Fire Insm-ance Company of Macomb and St. Clair Counties for several years, and is now Chairman of the board. He is a farmer, and they own 211 acres of valuable and finelv improved land. THOMAS READ, P. O. Romeo, was born on the Isle of Ely September 22. 180,"); he is the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Read, natives of England. He was married to Sarah Poole in April. 1827: they had one child. Maiy Ann, born January .">, 1828. who died in 1848. Mr. Read piu-sued the occupation of farrier in all its branches while in England. He left his native country for America in June. 1884, landing in New York; he settled in Lockwood, N. Y., and. the same fall, moved to Michigan and located in Erin. Macomb County, where he resided for thirty-three years, and. January 81. 1867. removed to his farm on the southeast quarter of Section 4. in Ray. containing ninety-seven acres. He was married again, to Ann. daughter of vEneas and Maiy Gibson Bottomly. of Yorkshire. it \ ' HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Enf^land; they have had six children, born as follows: Joseph, September 29, 1840, died in ISfif); Sarah, born September 12. 1841, married Nicholas Smith and lives in Illinois; Thomas, born August 11, 1844, married Mary Amine;; she left two children at her death; her husband married Alice Freeman and now lives in Ray; Elizabeth, born December 2:^, 1847. married P. B. Cade, of Ray Township. Mr. Read voted one Democratic ticket in this country, then acted with the Whigs and Free-Soil pai'ty until the organization of the Republican party, when he became an adherent of that political element; he has held the position of Constable several successive years; he was one of the signers of the petition to Congress for the admission of Michigan as a State; he was foiToerly a Methodist, and, during his membership, held the office of Steward, and took an active part as a class- leader; he is now a member of the Christian Chm-ch: Mr. Read was a Presbyterian in early life, but now belongs to the Christian society. ' NORiMAN REMINGTON was born April 4, 1818, in Mom-oe County. N. Y ; is the son of Daniel and Hannah (De Groif) Remington, natives of Connecticiit; they settled in Niagara, N. Y., where the mother died in l8:^tt, and soon after, the father, with his son Norman, came to Michigan, where they took up a farm in Washington Township, and another on Section 18, in Ray Township. His father was married again, in Mich- igan, to Hannah Shepard, since deceased. Norman Remington was married, in 184(), to Polly Gass; they have seven children — R. J. (see sketch); Rufus E. , born February 2, 18r)2; Elvira; Palmyra, February 2, 18fiO; Harriet. 1859, died February 4, 18(U; Arthitr, 1S()1, died in 1804; Elmer, November 9, 1867. All were married but Elmer. Mr. Remington is a Republican in jwlitical faith. Daniel Remington died at ninety-six years of age; he was a smart, active man. and died from the effects of an in- jury in a saw-mill from a Hying slab. R. J. REMINGTON, P. O. Romeo, sou of Norman and Polly Gass Remington, was born February 4, 1849. Was married, October 17, 1877, to Ellen, daughter of Reuben and Fanny Cole, born December 4. 1852. They have had two childi-en — Leroy, born September ;^0, 1878, died September 5, 1881; and Nellie, born August 23, 1881. Mr. Remington owns a farm of 1()() acres, and is a Republican in politics. DONALD RCJBERTSON, M. D., P. O. Armada, was born in Aberfeldie, Scotland. November 14, 1822; is a son of Robert and Susan (McDonald) Robertson. He received his medical education at Edinbm'gh in the medical college under the instruction of Profs. Knox, Jamison and others, and received his diploma in 1840. He was maiTied, August 24 , 1840, to Catherine, daughter of William and Isabella Fogo, who accompanied her to America. After he graduated, he went on a voyage to China and Hindostan. and while on the voyage discovered the cause of the aurora borealis. He sailed with his family for America in 1849, and arrived in the port of New York. He came to Michigan the same year and settled at Gray's Mill, in Ray, where he practiced his profession two years, and then settled on his present farm on Sections 11 and 12; he owns 250 acres of land, well improved, with a saw-mill and stave and heading manufactory; he has retired from the practice of his profession, and devotes his time to his agricultiu-al and other interests. They have two children —Robert, born in Scotland Avigust 11, 1848, married Irene Rich- ards and is a hardware merchant iu Ai'mada; William, born August 18, 1854. Mr. Rob- ertson was a Democrat when he came to this country, but the slavery question changed his views, and he has voted latterly with the Republicans. Dr. Robertson has held the office of Commissioner one year. Mr. Robertson and wife were members of the Presbyterian Church in Scotland, and ]\Irs. Robertson united with the Congregational Chm-ch at Ar- mada about twenty years ago. JOSIAH T. ROBINSON, P. O. Romeo, was born January 2, 1807, in the township and county of Otsego, N, Y. ; is the son of David and Cattern (Tripp) Robinson; the latter i "V t te- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. was daughter of Lot Tripp. He married Roxada Nye January "^(5, 1S2V(, and, in May, 1831, he moved to Deti-oit; he then located two miles from Brooklyn, Macomb County, where he remained one year, and removed to Hanscom's Corners and kept a public house a year; dui'ing the winter of 188."i-8i(), bought his present farm, on Section 21, Ray Towushiji; he moved to Armada October 12, 1888, and opened a hotel and grocery, where he remained eight years; in March, 1846, he went to his farm. and. five years later, to the village of Baltimore; after a stay of over two years, he took up his residence again on his farm. Mrs. Robinson died April 21, 1881, leaving three children — Mortimer, born July 15, 1829, married Martha Heath and resides in Armada; Ruth, born July ."), 188"2. married Charles R. Corey and resides in Ray; Arabella, born February 2, 1845, married Edwin C. Chubb and resides on her father's homestead. Mr. Robinson cast his hrst vote for .Indrew Jackson, and voted the Democratic ticket until 185(), when he voted for John C. Fremont, and has acted with the Republicans until the last Presideutial election, when he voted for James B. Weaver. For the last twenty-nine years he has been a strict temperance man, and, with the excep- tion of one year, has held colmty or township offices. In 1872. he moved to Now Haven, where he was elected Justice of the Peace, and remained two years: he has been engaged in the practice of law in this county for thirty years He has been a believer many years in the theory of mind controlling mind at any distance. When he came to this county, he was entirely destitute of means, but. by thrift and energy, has worked his way, until he owns 3(111 acres of land. He was made a Mason in 1888. and is now a member of the Romeo Chapter. JOHN N. SELLECK, P. O. Romeo, son of Jonas and Rhoda Nickols Selleck, was born February 17, 1808, at Middlebui-y, Genesee Co., N. Y. ; about 181(i, his parents weut to Avon, Livingston Co. NY. Mr. S. went to Honeoye Falls, and there learned the trade of carpenter and joiner; in the spring of 1837, he moved to the place of his present home, on Section 5, Ray Township. He was married, in the spring of 1841, to Lucinda ]VL Davis, who was born July 2(5, 181(). and died October 15, 1844. Mi'. Selleck was again married, November 20, l849, to Delia, daughter of Col. Norman Perry; they have had six children — Auston, born December 14, 1850, died February 17, 1876; Susan L., born November 28, 1852; Harvey, born February 15, 1855, resides in Wisconsin; Rhoda B., born April 17, 1857, married Bruce Rowley and resides at Yankton, D. T. ; Hattie E., born August 28, 1859; Charles, bom December 6, 1861, lives in Wisconsin. About 1852, Mr. Selleck commenced keeping a public house, which he managed twenty-five years, on temperance principles; he has been Postmaster for six years; he was a Democrat by in- heritance, but, since the organization of the Republican party, he has been one of its ad- herents; he has acted as Chairman on the Committee on Bread, Butter, Cheese, etc., at the Macomb County Agricultural Fairs for more thau twenty years in succession and was, by vote of the society, tendered a diploma for long and faithful services. MRS. AUGUSTA SHELDEN, daughter of Harvey Parish, of Vermont, was born May 28, 1883, in Portville, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. She accompanied her parents to this county in L848. where she attended school, under the tuition of Dr. Chapman, of Balti- more, Mich., and Prof. Alonzo M. Keeler, of Armada, Prof. Stone and wife, of Oberlin, Ohio. At the age of twenty, she entered the normal school at Ypsilanti, under the care of Profs. Welsh. Sill, Mayhew and Frike, and was taught music and drawing by Profs. Goodison and Foote. Thus prepared, she entered upon the career of a professional teacher, which she piu'sued with success in Romeo, Oxfoi-d and Rochester; at the latter place, she was associated with the celebrated poet. Will H. Carleton. During her career as a teacher, she guided the elementary education of some twelve hundi'ed pupils, manj' of whom are holding prominent positions in life. She was married, November 23, 1868, .54 ^ to A. B. Shelden, and lias two childi-en — Henry A., born December 31. 1804: and Edward J., born March 24. 18()(i — both of whom are attending the high school at Romeo. Mrs. Sheldeu became a Christian under the ministry of Rev. Z. Coleman, of the Baptist Church of Mt. Vernon, and subse; Carlos W. Brown, 1856-57; Justus R. Crandall. 1857-58; George W. French, 1858-59; Justus R. Crandall. 1859- 63; Milo Selleck, 1863-(>4; Daniel Bates. 1864-70; Lucius H. Cantield. 1870-77; Adam Bennett. 1877-80; Lucius H. Canfield, 1880-82. Clerks -Thomas H. Drver, 1837-47; John Haire. 1848-50; Justus R. Crandall, 1852; N. C. Knott, 1853; Justus R. Crandall, 1854; William G. Carl, 1855; Mason Har- ris, 1856; Milo Selleck, 1857-58; Daniel Bates, 1858; William H. Mellen, I860; Abram S. Devall, 1861-63; John W. Leonard. 1864-65; Benjamin L. Bates, 1866-67; William H. Sutfin, 1868-69; Adam Bennett, 1870; Isaac N. Cook, 1871-73; Elias Duvall, 1874; Theo M. Giddings, 1875; Isaac N. Cook, 1876; Clarence E. Fenton, 1877; William Wiethoff, 187S: Chester S. Fenton, 1879; Avander H. Shafer. 1880-81. Treasurers— Justus R. Crandall, 1837; William A. Edwards, 1838; Gabriel Cox, 1839-40; Israel Dryer, 1841; Carlos W. Brown, 1842; John Church, 1849; Russell W. Green. 1850; Leander Millen. 1851; Alvin Davis. 1852-54: M. Van Winkle, 1855; John Chiu-ch, 1856; Sabiu Harris, 1857; Alvin Adams, 1858; Martin L. Drver, 1859-60; Asa Blanchard, 1861-63; Tolcot Bates, 1864-65; Elijah Sutfin, 1866; David L. Carl, 1867- 68; Benjamin L. Bates. 1869-70; Ephraim Fullerton, 1871; James M. Rowley, 1872; Adam Bennett, 1873-76; E. P. Fullerton, 1877; Russell T. Hazleton, 1878; Denis La Fiu-gey, 1879-80: Calvin A. Smith, 1881. Justices of the Peace — Ebin Carl, Justus Corey. Jacob E. Hall, Mason Harris, 1837; Gabriel Case, 1838; Justus R. Crandall, Hanson Flower, 1839; Abner Stephens, 1840, Aldis L. Rich, 1841; Justus R. Crandall, 1S42; Mason Harris. 1843; Apner Stephens, 1844; Benjamin Haight. 1845; Justus R. Crandall, 1846; Aldis L. Rich, 1847; Leander Millen. 1848; Thomas J. Goodsell, 1849; Justus R. Crandall, 1850; Elias Suttin, 1851; Leander Millen, 1852; C. W. Brown. 1853; J. R. Crandall. 1854; Elias Suttin. 1855; William Hare. Mason Harris, 1857; J. R. Crandall, 1858; C. W. Brown, 1859; Leander Millen, 1856-60; John Church. 1861; J. R. Crandall, 1862; Walter C. Hulett, 1863; Daniel Tewkesbury, Newell H. Roberts, 1864; David L. Carl. C. W. Brown, Edward L. Raymond, 1865; Orland T. Green, J. R. Crandall, 1866; Daniel Tewkesbury, 1867; O. T. Green, 1868; Edwai'd L. Raymond, 1869; William R. Sutton, 1870; Daniel Tewkes- bury, 1871; J. R. Crandall. 1872; Orlando T. Green, 1872; Leslie L. Miller, Josiah J. Robinson, 1873; Clarence E. Fenton, 1874; Justus R. Crandall. 1875; James B. Davis. 1876; Asa Blanchard. 1877; Isaac Lemmon, 1878; Clarence E. Fenton. 1879; Zenas Corey. 1880; Jared O. Jackson. 1881. The agi'icultural production at the end of the first decade after its organization ex- hibits a fair proportion. We <[uote from a good authority: There were seventy- nine farms, with 2,637 acres of improved, and 5.147 acres of unimproved land, at a total cash value of $51,700. In live stock the showing was as follows: Horses. 74; milch-cows, 291; working oxen, 128; other neat cattle. 253; sheep, 1.111; swine. 39(); value of live stock. 112,330. Wheat, 1,910 bushels; corn, 7,590 bushels; all other kinds of grain. 9,468 bushels; potatoes, 1,849 bushels; wool, 2,800 pounds. Dairy products — butter. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 879 15,700 pounds; cheese, 7,900 pounds. Value of orchard produce, $201. The showing at the end of the second decade from the above was: Acres of improved land, 10,018; woodland, 9.840; other unimproved land. 19 acres; cash value, $711,640. In live stock the subjoined is a correct statement: Horses, 571; milch-cows, 728; working oxen. 24; other neat cattle (other than oxen and cows), 704; sheep, 888, swine. 663; total value of live stock, S120.905. Of agricultural products there were: Bushels of wheat, 19,902; corn. 19.265: all other kinds of grain (principally oats, barley and rye), 59,717: potatoes. 12,483 bushels; wool, 14,917 pounds. Dairy products — biitter, 53,940 pounds; cheese, 4.340 pounds. Value of orchard products, $4,005, Population, 1880, 2,516. .'ICHOOLS. The school of District No. 2, Lenox, was organized from the original territory. The first officers were: Charles Coi'ey. Moderator; Thomas Warwick, Assessor; David Burt, Director. The tirst schoolhouse was built of wood, with a board roof. 16x17 feet in area, and cost $67. It was built by David Burt in 1851. The old house was burned in 1860, and a new frame building erected on the samesite, in 1861, ata costof $650. The fu'st teacher was Jane Harris, now the wife of Robert Haore, of New Haven; her salary was 9 shillings per week, for which sum she had to superintend the education of seven pupils. The early schools of the township are referred to in the following reminiscences of Mrs. Amelia Bancroft Crawford. This lady's first essay in school-teaching was made in Lenox in 1840. The Isuilding was a primitive log one, located just west of Thomas Dryer's. In riding on horseback twelve miles to reach her school, she had to pass over about three-quarters of a mile of submerged land and many other places of less distance in like condition. The next day after her arrival, she was examined by Justus Crandall, Mason Harris and Alan- son Flower. The day following, in order to commence her school, she crossed the stream on a fallen tree, and then to reach the schoolhouse had to hold to the fence for a distance of forty rods. This was owing to the condition of the stream, occasioned by a heavy storm and the lack of a bridge. In order to attend church, she had to travel " afoot and alone " thi'ee miles to the old Baptist Church at Ray Exchange. About the year 1846, while retiu-ning home fi'om the Gould Schoolhouse. at Berlin (a distance of eight miles), while crossing a small stream, the girth liroke, and, although we give the name of terra firma to the place where she landed, her wai'drobe was so well drenched that the prospect of a winter ride of six miles in the evening was indeed uninviting ever afterwards. She took charge of the Hall School in I860. There she enjoyed the most active school term in her school experience of thirty-live yeai's. She enjoyed molding the juvenile mmds of one school in Britce for five consecutive summers. Some of her pupils graduated at the Romeo Academy and one at Ypsilanti Normal School. The schools of the present time n>imber nine, one of which is graded. The Directors are Alonzo Claggett, Albert E. Burt, F. M. Grout, C. Klopstock, John S. Parker, Asa Blanchard, Robert Carpenter, Zonas Corey, Matthew McClatchie. School No. 1 was at- tended diu'ing the year ending September, 1881, by thirty pupils, the entire number of pupils being fifty-one. The expenditure for the year was $308.82. No. 2 (Fractional District) claims sixty-two children, of whom fifty attended school. The expenditm-e was $300. District No. 4 claimed fifty-two pupils, of whom forty attended school, at an ex- pense to the tovm of $290. The niunber of children belonging to Fractional District No. 5 was 105, of whom sixty fom* attended school, the expense being $371. District No. 6 claimed 101 pupils, of whom sixty-nine attended school, the e.xpenditiu'e for the year being $431. Fractional District No. 9 holds the only graded school in the town. The number of pupils belonging is 219, of whom 192 attend school. The expenditures for 1881 amount- ed to $1,409.42. Di.strict No. 1() School was attended by fifty pupils, the expense being HISTOBY OF MACOMB COUNTY. $336. District No. 11 claimed forty-nine childi-en. of whom thirty-eight attended school during the year 18S1. Expenditure. $277. District No. 12 claimed 121 pupils, of whom ninety-one attended school. The expenditure for school purposes in this district for the year ending September 5, 1881, was $020. New Haven was fonnerly known as New Baltimore Station. It is situated on the Cxrand Trunk Railway, thirty miles northeast of Detroit and ten miles northeast of Mt. Clemens. The village contains a population estimated at 620 inhabitants. It is distant from the village of New Baltimore five miles. The principal exports of the place ara lumber and general agricultural products. Its chief manufactures are lumber, flour and heading. The village contains live general stores, one diy goods store, two boot and shoe stores, one drug store, one stove and tinshop, one harness shop, two wagon-shops, one cooper-shop, two blacksmiths, one livery stable, one grist and one saw mill and a good hotel. The resident physicians are M. Bates. A. Gunn, Peter McGregor, Ed N. HaiTis and Ed B. Hanis. Tolcott Bates is the present Postmaster. The depot of the Grand Trunk Railway, with a settlement called Ridgeway, is partly in Lenox Town- ship and partly in Richmond. The village contains three churches — Baptist, Congrega- tional and Methodist- -and a graded school. Fruit, grain and lumber are the shipments. The first meeting of the citizens of New Haven, under the village charter of 1869, was held at the Lake Hall, May 3, 1869. Morgan Nye and Adam Bennett were Inspectors of Election and William H. Sutphin. Clerk. Benjamin L. Bates was elected President; W. H. Sutphin, Recorder; Morgan Nye. Treasiu'er; Isaac Cook, Adam Bennett, Assessors: Ephraim Fullertou, Conrad H. Gordon. Myron Bates, John Millard and William G. Carl, Trustees. 1870 -President, Ephraim Fullerton; Recorder, William Sutphin; Treasurer, Myron Bates. 1871 — President, Morgan Nye; Recorder. William G. Carl; Treasurer, Niles Gidding. 1872-75 — President, Justus R. Crandall; Recorder, Clarence E. Fenton; Treasurer, Jacob D. Seaman. 1875-76 — President, Adam Bennett; Recorder, Justus R. Crandall: Treasiu-er, Jacob D. Seaman. 1877 — President, Adam Bennett: Recorder, Justus R. Crandall; Treasurer, Russell T. Uazleton. 1878 — President, Clarence E. Fenton: Recorder, Justus R. Crandall: Treasurer, Rus- sell T. Hazleton. 1879-82 — President, Adam Bennett: Recorder, Justus R. Crandall; Treasurer, Rus- sell T. Hazleton. Burton Nye was elected Clerk in 1881, and was succeeded by Justus R. Crandall, the present Clerk. 1882-83— President, Charles H. Sears: Clerk, J. R. Crandall; Treasurer, J. D. Sea-' man; Assessor, John C. Bates; Street Commissioner, Benjamin L. Bates; Constable, Oscar Slocum; George Welz, Isaac N. Cuok, C. A. Smith and D. C. Rowley, Trustees. PEI:.S( )XA I. SKKT( 'IIES. The biographical sketches given in other pages deal with the personal history of many of the pioneers, together with that of old settlers and others, whose history is closely identified with this township. ADAM BEXNETT. ZENAS COREY, P. O. Lenox, son of Archibald J. Corey, v?ho was a native of Vermont, and Mary Granger Corey, daughter of Elisha Granger, a native of Vermont. She was born in Sodus, Wayne Co., N. Y. ; was married, and emigi-ated with her husband to Mich- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 881 igan. In 1833, they settled in what is now Chestertield, and from there, in Febniarv. 1837, they went to Lenox and settled on Section 11. They reared a family of nine children under trying circumstances, two of whom enlisted in the Union service — George B. Corey, Fifth Infantry: Jared Corey, Twenty-second Infantry. Mary Granger Corey still resides on the old homestead, which belongs to Zenas and Elisha Corey. They were both di'afted; Zenas substituted by payment of $125; Elisha was not called out, as the war closed. Zenas was born in Chesterfield September '22. 1834. and married May 8, 1857, to Mary L. Johns, of French descent; born at Frederick, Mich., October 21, 1842. They have resided in Lenox since that time, he having tilled the office of Justice of the Peace, and other town offices: is now Postmaster in Richmond Village and Lenox Post Office; came with his par- ents to Lenox in February, 1837; was sixteen yeai-s old before he ever had a new pair of boots or shoes, consequently could not chase wolves and bears in the winter. They were very plenty. Many times he had to live on boiled wheat, hulled corn, potatoes and milk (if they could get them). In 1842-43, he had a new milch cow. and used to gather moss and twigs from trees to feed the cow. In the fall befoi'e the hard winter, Mrs. Corey was left with nine children on a new place, where, by working out on the place, washing, sew- ing, and such other work as she could obtain in a new settlement of poor people, she man- aged to keep the family all together to the years of maturity. Logging bees and log rais- ings constituted the principal holiday amusements. Sometimes at the log raisings, there would be a Corey on each corner. Their fii'st school was in a little log house, standing within the present corporation of Richmond, about 1839, having to go one and one-half miles through the woods on trail: no road cut. In order to slide on the ice, they would lit wood to their feet and make holes with bui'ning-irons to fasten them on to their bai-e feet. Their first skates were made of wood bv Tipsico, the big Indian, and jiresented to Zenas. JUSTICE E. CRANDALL. P. O. 'New Haven, He is the sou of Rowland Crandall and Rhoda (Crandall) Crandall. Rowland was the sou of Benjamin Crandall and Alice (Kinyon) Crandall, both natives of Washington County. R. I., and among the first settlers. Mi-s. Crandall was born April, 173f), in Washington County. Rowland was born in 1709, in Hopkinton. Washington County, R. I. Rhoda, born in Westerly, Wash- ington Co., R. I. Justice R., born in Hojikinton, Washington Co., R. I., February 23, 1807; man-ied November 28, 1830, to Violet Beattie, who was born May 19. ISIO. in Langholm, Scotland, a daughter of John Beattie. who was born in Langholm, Scotland, in 1778. His mother, Sai'ah Ray Beattie, was born September 1, 1742, in Langholm, Scotland, and -died February 20, 1846, aged one hundred and three years, five months and nineteen days. Justus R. was married to Violet Beattie Crandall November 28, 1S30, in Foster, Providence Co.. R. I.; came to Michigan in 1835, and settled in Lenox May 13. in the town then called Ray. He was elected Town School Inspector, and the first Constable and fjollector, in the first town meeting, in 1S37; elected Justice in 1838: ap- pointed Supervisor in 1844; elected in 1845. and has served in various offices up to the present time; was married the second time to Miss Helen Harris. She was born in Boston, Mass., May 22, INCH, and was the widow of the Rev. Lovell F. Han-is, who has been mis- sionary among the Indians and the Negroes. ROBERT S. CRAWFORD. P. O. New Haven, was born in Oppeuheim. Montgomery Co., N. Y.. November 18, 1809: son of Robert Crawford, Sr.. who was born in Poundi-idge. N. Y., February 1, 1770. and was man-ied to Hannah Albright December 25. 179S, and in 1824 removed to Richmond, Ontario Co., N. Y. , with a family of seven sons and two daughters, all of whom lived to years of matiu-ity. One of Robert S.'s uncles, John Craw- ford (from whom the settlement took the name), was a soldier in the Revolution, and re- moved from Benton. Yates Co.. N. Y. . to the township of Clinton. Macomb County, in 1830, having no neighbors nearer than four or five miles. Robert S. and Jacob A. Craw- 'k ford came to Michigan in May, 1S32, and settled in what is now known as the Crawford settlement. A few days after, Jacob and Robert arrived. John had the tirst barn raised in that settlement, requiring all the help that could be obtained within a radius of eight miles. Robert thinks they had whisky, also about five feet and eight inches of brandy, in the form of the boss workman. Robert belonged to the Mt. Clemens Rifle Company, J. O. Ferriss, Captain, and was called into service and served faithfully through the great Toledo war, in 1835, by which Michigan obtained that great store of wealth contained in the Upper Peninsula, and although Uncle Sam paid the State so well for that little strip of little Lucas land, claimed by Ohio, he has never given him a pension. After the strug- gle was over, Robert returned to the ])eaceful occupation of clearing up his land in the Crawford Settlement, in Macomb Township. Feeling in need of help in his struggle for a home, and some one to enjoy it with him, he was married to Charity Ann Seaman March 27, 1S3<), by Calvin Davis, Esq. Mrs. Crawford cheerfully and faithfully shai'ed the ioi\s and hai'dships of clearing a new farm and raising a family of fom' children, and died August 23, 1873, aged fifty-nine years. Mr. Crawford was married to Miss Amelia Ban- croft, of Bruce Township, September 9, 1874. Of his children, Hannah, the oldest daughter, is now comfortably settled in New Hampshire, and is the wife of John J. Edwards. Lydia A. , the second daughter, being a deeply pious young lady, and desirous to fit her- self for lal)or in the missionary field, went to Albion College in September, 181)5. She commenced her studies on Thui'sday, and a week fi'om the following Sunday was taken sick, and after thiiteen days" suffering, passed to higher joys. Her stay at the college, though so brief, so much endeared her to the faculty and pupils that, when she was con- veyed to the train at the solemn hour of midnight, they showed their appreciation of her and sympathy for her grief -stricken friends by following her to the depot in silent proces- sion. Jacob, the first son, is a worthy citizen, and resides on Section 31, in Lenox. Al- vin, the second, a worthy representative of the Crawford family, now resides on the farm cleared and owned by his father. In connection with developing a new farm, Mr. Craw- ford has aided much to the building up of the religious and educational interest. As Chairmau of the Building Committee, he bore the burden of the position, and paid $120 toward building the tirst Methodist Episcopal Chiu'ch in the vicinity, viz., Crawford set- tlement; next aided liberally in building the Methodist Episcopal Church in Chesterfield; also in building the chiu'ch in New Haven, where he now resides. THOMAS F. DRYER, P. O. New Haven, son of John Dryer, who resided in Massa- chusetts, and emigrated to Junius, Seneca Co., N. Y.. in 1808. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and had one uncle killed in battle. His grandfather was a native of Massachusetts, and there died, Thomas F. was born in the town of Richmond, Berkshire Co., Mass., May 17, 1801; had a very limited district school education; was married to Cleora Ann Brown December 30, 1824, who was the daughter of Nathan and Anna Brown, of Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y. Thomas F. and Carlos Brown piu'chased land in 1833, on Sections 18 and I'J, Town 4 north, and Range 14 east. Mr. B. came on to his land in 1834. Thomas F. came on to his land on Section 19, in the spring of 1^3(5, after raising a log house, with all the help obtained within a radius of five miles, and hiring the road underbrushed for three miles to enable him to get his family and goods to his new home, where he now resides in hapjiy old age. Said road was surveyed by Judge Burt in 183y. Cleora Ann Brown Dryer died July 3, 18()1, and is buried in the Union Cemetery, in the township of Richmond. They reared a family of four sons and three daughters — John F. , of Lenox; Nathan W., deceased, and buried by the side of his mother by his request; (jreorge Dryer, of Lenox; Chester Dryer, of Lenox; Almira Di-yer Bates, deceased; Anna Maria Dryer Bates, of New Haven, and Mary Ann Dryer Giddings, of Macomb Township. Thomas F. Dryer was maiTJed to Elect B. Condit Brown Herbert, daughter of Moses ^■? ^1 Condit and Electa Ball Condit, of Phelpstown, Ontario Co., N. Y. Mrs. Dryer came to Michigan with her first husband, Carlton N. Brown, who tanght the first public school in Romeo, in 1833-34, and settled on the Hix farm in Ai'mada in September, 1834, and died March "i'i, 1838. She had one son, Mjtou C. Brown, of Lapeer City, by Mr. Brown. Subsequently, she married Thomas D. Herbert in New York, and had one daughter, Mrs. Sarah E. Herbert, wife of Fulton P. Goyer, of Armada. MANSON FARRAR, son of Sullivan and Charity Judd Farrar, was a native of Mas- sachiisetts, and married there and removed to Pitcher, Chenango Co. , N. Y. ; subsequently to Homer, Cortland Co., N. Y., where Manson was born September 14, 1809. They re- turned to Pitcher, where they lived until they came to Michigan in 1834, and settled in Mt. Clemens. He and his father took a half-section of land in Macomb. Manson continued to live in Mt. Clemens, and worked at the carpenter's trade. In 1835, he went to Tully, Onondaga Co., N. Y., where he was married October 20. 1835, to Miss Sibbil Smith, daughter of Dean Uriel and Sibbil Smith. He was born in Buckland, and she in Colerain, Mass. The young people retiu'ned to Mt. Clemens, and resided there until 1848. He was elected Second Lieutenant in the Mt. Clemens Rifie Company, and called out by Gov. Mason for the Toledo war. They had four sons and three daughters. Mr. F. be- came a member of the Baptist Chiu'ch at Pitcher, N. Y. ; at the age of twenty-one brought a letter from the church in Pitcher and joined the Baptist Chiu'ch at Mt. Clemens, His wife was also a Baptist from ten yeai's of age. and broitght a letter from Tully Chiu'ch, and united with the Mt. Clemens Church. They aided in building the present chiu'ch edifice as well as aiding largely in its spiritual interests, and also engaged largely in Sabbath school and temperance work, etc. They went to Detroit in 1848, where he worked for two years for the Michigan Central Railroad Company, and helped to build the round house; also "200 farm gates to be used by the company at the farm crossings. He united with the Baptist Church at Detroit in 1850. He removed to Columbus, St, Clair County, on Belle River, two miles from Gratiot Tiu'npike, where he lived for nine- teen years. He found not only a forest of trees, but still worse, a mural waste, as many will remember, when the name of Coltunbus was a terror; but, believing in the power of the Gospel of love, he immediately went to work in the Sunday school and the temperance cause, holding the Sunday school in his and Deacon Topping's houses. The first temper- ance society was formed in the schoolhouse. The Baptist Church was organized in his house September 15. 1851, called the First Baptist ('hurch in Columbus, Mr. Farrar was chosen Deacon, he having served in that cajiacity in Mt. Clemens. The church edifice was built in 1858. Here he lived to see the Sabbath school, temperance cause and relig- ious meetings well established, and a more healthy moral tone pervade the community, when he came to Lenox and located on Section 1. Here they were among the charter members in the organization of the Baptist Church in Richmond Village, and he is acting as Deacon, They have also aided in building a church and defraying many other heavy expenses, as well as the other necessary work, 01 their children, the fom- sons went into the Union army. Col. Judson S. served through the war, and is now Register of Deeds in Macomb County; Clinton M., color-bearer, was killed at Fredericksbiu-g; Capt, Uriel S. was on Gen. Mile ' staff, and was in Libby Prison and Dansville sis months. Stedman B. was discharged from the Army of the Potomac on account of sickness. The two eldest daughters, Helen A., wife of John Parker, of New Haven, and Delia T. Craudall, of Lenox, were school teachers; Sybil E. AVescott. music teacher, and died at her father's in Lenox, May 20, 1877. The family still live at their pleasant home in Lenox. H. FREEMAN, P. O, Lenox, general produce dealer of the village of Richmond, is the son of D. C, Freeman and Sarah M. (Vosburg) Freeman. H. Freeman was born at Summer Hill, Cayuga Co., N. Y., August 22, 184'.». 1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. GEORGE W. FRENCH, deceased, was the son of Ebenezer Frencli, who emigrated from New Hampshire with his own family and father and mother, and settled on the Hol- land purchase, town of Weathersfield. Wjomiug Co.. N. Y. Here he cleared, by the help of his sons, a large farm and filled offices of responsibility, and died at an advanced age in Hermitage, Wyoming Co.. N. Y. His wife's maiden name was Cleavland. George W. was born in New Hampshire March 1, 1S16, and was brought when an infant to New York, After working on the farm iiutil twenty years of age, he attended the Middlebnry Academy one or two terms and taught several schools successfully. He was married to Mary G. Bernard February 14, 183'J. She was the daughter of Asahel Bernard, from Vermont, and Mary Dean Bernard, a native of Connecticut. They came to "Warsaw. Wyoming Co., N. Y.. and from there to Gainsville and Weathersfield, of the same coiinty: from there to Richmond, Macomb Co.. Mich., in October. 1844. where he settled and lived until his death. George W. French came to Lenox, Macomb Co., Mich., in September, 1843, and settled on Sections 8 and 4. Prior to coming to Michigan, he worked at several branches of mechanical work: then he devoted his time to clearing a new farm, and erected needed farm buildings. He filled the office of Supervisor one or two terms in Lenox. He was elected lvei;ister of Deeds of Macomb County in ISfiO, and soon moved to Mt. Clemens. He tilled his office creditably up to his death, which occurred October 2, 18(52. His only daughter, Jenette M. . who aided her father in the office, died about twenty- fom- hours previous to her father, and they were both bm'ied at the same time, in Richmond. Maret D. French, his only siuwiving son, was married October (i, 1874, to Cai-rie H. Welding, daughter of Oliver Welding and Mary (Taylor) Welding. Oliver Welding was born in Bucks County, Penn., and Mary Taylor in the same county. They came to Elgin County, Ontario, where Carrie was born July 27, 1841. She came with her parents to Richmond, Macomb Co.. Mich., in 18()r>. Mary G. French resides on the same farm whei-e she first settled with Maret D. French and his wife, Carrie H. French, and their children, Gi-ace and Mark. €HARI.ES FURSTEIVAX. WILLIA:\r H. HALSEY. P. O. New Haven. He is the sonof Silas Halsey, who was born in Middlebury, Vt., and Lucy M. Cady Halsey, born in Batavia, N. Y.. in 1805. William H. was born in Mt. Clemens March 20, 1830. He lived with his father, who kept hotel. His first license dates 1832. William attended the school in Mt. Clemens between thirteen and seventeen years of age: then went to Cincinnati and learned the carpenter's trade; came back to his father, and then went to Lenox in 1852; then went to New Baltimore and worked for William Jenny; was married there September 25, 1853, to Miss Charlotte Lamjihere, Her parents were natives of New York. She was born November 15, 1830, in Niagara, Niagara Co., N. Y. ; came to Michigan in 1852. They lived in Lenox one year. Subsequently, he was located in Richmond Village, and asso- ciated with his brother Joseph and his brother-in-law, James M. Hick, running stage from Ridgeway Station to Romeo. August 13, IStil, he enlisted in the Ninth Michigan Infantry as Sergeant; remained with them until 1802, when he was dischai-ged, and was recniiting officer from that time until ISIU. when here-enlisted in the Fifth Infantry, and served until the close of the war. His wife died September 3, 18(4. He was mar- ried, May 13, 1875, to Mrs. Martha D. Shattuck Dryer, daughter of Dwight Shattuck and Mercy (Briggs) Shattuck; Dwiizht born February 15, LSll, in Massachusetts; sulisei|Uinitly lived in Junius, Wayne Co.. N. Y. ; came to Mt. Clemens, and was married to Miss ^lerey Briggs. daughter of Abel Briggs and Martha (Dickinson) Briggs. Abel Briggs was a native of Rhode Island, and came to Wayne County, N. Y. Mr. Shattuck came to Macomb, Ma- comb Coimty, when it was in its early stages: was the first settler on his land in Macomb County. Mrs. Martha Halsey was born in Macomb December 5, 183(3. Dwight and Mercy ^ HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Briggs were married in January, 1835. Martha Shattuck married Nathan Dryer, son of Thomas Dryer, April '24, 1S5(J. He died Februaiy 19, 1869. H. R. HAZELTON, P. O. New Haven. The stave and himber man of New Haven was born near Brantford, Canada, April 5, 1S35, and is a son of Thaddeus Hazelton. of Lenox Township, who came with his family to Macomb County in 1S3S, settliug in Ray Township. It was here oui- subject was brought up in the woods, and early learned to sling the ax and grubbing hoe. He attended school in a round log cabin and sat on a slab bench. The family residence was a round log cabin, with a stick chim- ney, and the old fashioned fire-place. At the age of eighteen, Mr. H. left his paren- tal roof, and went to New Baltimore, this county, where, the same year, in company with Reuben R. Stewart, he built a sash and blind factory. The latter died in 1855, and our subject rentetl it to other parties one year. He then, having obtained his majority, took hold of the business himself, ninning it successfully for several years. In the fall of ISOC). he traded his factory for a farm in Lenox Township; remained on the farm until the spring of 18(5", when he, with two others, erected a hardwood lumber mill at New Haven. In 1870. he pm-chased their interests, and afterward added an extensive stave and heading department to it. In this mill he employs constantly forty men, and at times over one hundred. The daily capacity of the mill is "25,000 feet of lumber, 20,000 shingles and eighty barrels of heading. In 1876, he erected a fine, large store building, in which he keeps a first-class general store, doing a business of §40,000 anmially, on a capital stock of $18,000. During the summer of 18S1, Mr. Hazelton built an extensive lumber and stave mill on the Air Line Railroad, near Romeo. His brother, Russell Hazelton, superintends the latter mill, where, with a 120 horse power engine, they make large quan- tities of lumber and staves, besides a car load of stave wood daily. He also has a store, boarding house and blacksmith shop established at the new mill. He keeps eighty men constantly on his pay roll. His barn at New Haven is said to be the largest in Macomb County. In it is a fountain of living watei-, which flows constantly. The hay is cut for feeding by steam cable power from the floui-ing-mill near by. But few men have started on nothing, as did Mr. Hazelton, and by hard work and energy risen to the fu-st rank of wealth and popularity in the county. His profits from his business for the year 1S81, were a little rise of $16,000. When he began to manufacture sash and doors at Baltimore, he employed but one man, and that was only a portion of the time, doing most of the work himself. In the fall of 1855, he married Miss Adelia L.. daughter of Alanson Dusett, of New Haven. She was born in Orleans County, N. Y., as also was Mr. Dusett. They have had seven children, of whom five are living — Allison H., Frank B., Delia M., Lottie Bell and Arthm- D. Those deceased are— Jennie M. and Edna. Mr. Hazelton owns a farm of 115 acres near New Haven, and rents 200 acres adjoining, making a farm of 315 acres of which his son Allison has charge. The other son Frank B., assists in the man- agement of the business at the new mill. WILSON JUNE, foreman in Hazelton's saw and stave mill at New Haven, was born near Montreal, Canada, September 4, 1.S39, aud is a sou of Robert June, a native of New York State, The latter resided on a f ai-m, and owned an ashery, in which our subject began to work at the age of sixteen, and continued in that ca])acity several years. He came to Macomb County in 1S65, and for the ten years following worked for Austin Wales in Erin Township. He then came to New Haven and engaged with Mr. Hazelton as foreman in the woods at getting out logs. On June 4, 1875, Mr. June married Mrs. So- phia Meartield, daughter of Joel Cartwright. Mi-. J. is an industrious man and a useful citizen. JOHN G. LEONARD, P. O. New Haven, of Lenox, son of Silas Leonard and Mar- garet (Berdan) Leonard, both born near or at Newark; Silas, born in 1787, and his wife 88U HLSTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. in 1789. Both died at eighty years of age. John G. was born in Pheli)B. Ontario Co., N. Y., October 21), ISlfi; lived there iintil seventeen years of age, and came with his father to Michigan in 1833; settled in Chesterfield, northeast settlement; was man-ied in Ray December fi, -1842, to Eliza A. Crawford, of Ray, daughter of Enoch Crawford, of Ray, and Content (Parks) Crawford. Content was born in Saratoga County, N. Y. ; Eliza, born in Steuben County, N. Y., April 11, 1822; came with her parents to Michigan in 1834; died March 2(), 1875. John G. married April 22. 1879., to Catharine Bates, relict of Henry Bates. Catharine was born in Delaware County. N. Y. Religious reminiscence by Mr. Leonard: First preaching in Crawford settlement by Rev. Booth, Baptist; second, William Tuttle, Baptist; third, John Cannon, Christian; first revival meeting by Elder Hemmiugway, assisted by Charles Wicof and John D. Seeman; first sermons in private houses; very small and uncomfortable; afterward circuit preaching established by the Methodist Episcopal Chiu'ch; they still continue schools; first school in 1831-32, Will iam Greeuleaf, teacher; wages SI 2 per month; second by John D Seeman, These were in small log houses, covereil with elm bai'k; houses known as mud schoolhouses. They used to go live miles to logging bees, log raisings, and these were the holiday amusements; used to go eight or ten miles to attend the sick at Isaac L, Estic's and Harley Beemau"s, of Lenox; these families were sick and entirely destitute, and attended by Dr. Filson, of Mt. Clemens. Through his intercession. Christian Clemens sent each family a barrel of flour twelve miles over Indian trail; no road cut out. HENRY LOWELL, P. O. New Haven, son of Peter Lowell, a native of Sweden: pressed into naval service and deserted at New York, and went to Vermont, and married Nanc}' Smith Lowell, a native of Vermont. Peter and his wife lived in Vermont several years, where they lost all their property; had thi-ee children — Henry, Mary Lowell Scovell and Smith Lowell, who was in the cavalry service during the rebellion; died of disease contracted there, Henry Lowell, born September 2'), 1825; came with his mother to Ohio; then to Illinois, Rockford, Winnebago County, on Rock River; thence to Mt. Clem- ens and Baltimore; then to Lenox in 1850, and located on Section 22; was married to Sarah Warwick, in Chesterfield, January 12. 1853, She was the daughter of Richard War- wick and Mary (Randal) Warwick, both of whom were natives of England, and married in England September 10, 1825. Henry Lowell and his wife still i-eside on their farm iu Lenox, which they are developing into one of the best iu the township by a thorough sys- tem of under-draining. They lend their influence to build up religious and scientific in- stitutions, as all good citizens should. GILBERT R. LOVEJOY, P. O. Lenox, son of Julius Lovejoy. who was born in New York in 1808. and Elizabeth A, (Parker) Lovejoy, who was born in Porter, Niagara Co.. N. Y., June 27. 1818, and married to Julius Lovejoy in 1837. (Record burned). The Lovejoy family came to Michigan in 1842, or 1843, and located in Columbus, St. Clair County, and remained there up to 18()9; then came to their present residence, Lenox (Richmond Village), Macomb County, Two of her sons. John M. and Almesou M. Lovejoy were in the army in 1862, and died at home of sickness, John in 186/ and Al- meson in 1871. Fom- of her sons are yet living — William, mechanic, at Memphis; Henry E., conductor on Grand Trunk Railroad. Gilbert was the tirst Village Marshal elected in Richmond Village, and served one year and a half, and resigned and went as foreman on grade construction on the Michigan Air Line Railroad between Rochester and Poutiac; commenced as general auctioneer in 1879, which business, in connection with other branches, he is conducting successfully. He is one of the firm of Lovejoy Brothers, in the agi'icultiu-al imj)lement business, in Richmond; also partner in the firm of Perkins & Lovejoy. coal, lime and building materials. Julius Ii-a, who also resides with his mother, is a general produce dealer. The only daughter, wife of Mi", Stoddard, died in t 1874, and is buried in Memphis cemetery. Reminiscences of ancestry: Mrs. Lovejoy thinks she is a grand-daughter of Gen. Lee. of the Revolution. Her mother's name was Hildah Lee. youngest daughter of Gen. Lee. Soon after coming to Michigan, their house and all its contents, including family records, was burned, leaving the family, consisting of parents and three childi'en, destitute, and as there were only ten or fifteen families within a radius of ten miles, they commenced life again alone, and by dint of close economy and hard labor and suffering privations, have succeeded in securing a good home and comfortable living. A. lAJTTENBACHEK. JOHN S. PARKER. P. O. New Haven, sou of John V. Parker, who was born m Mansfield. Windham Co., Coun.. and Harriet (Sandford) Parker, born in Coventry, Tol- land Co. . Conn. John U. Parker emigrated from Connecticut to Homer, Cortland Co. . N. Y.. in 1817. John S. was born in Mansfield, Windham Co.. Coun, May li. 1810. and was man-ied to Delia Palmer Januarv 18. 1832: was born in Coventry, Tolland Co.. Conn.. December 13. ISll. They removed to Michigan in September, 1835, and located m Clinton, now Warren, on Sections 21 and 22; from there to Columbus, St. Clair County, on the Gratiot Turnpike, in 1838; one of the first County Commissioners elected in St. Clan- County, and for three years held the office. He cleared up two good farms, one of which he sold in 18t)6, and bought a hotel in New Haven, which he still conducts for the good of hmnanitv, without the aid of liquor. CALVIN A. SMITH was born in London, Canada West. June 13, 184 1, and is a son of Thomas G. Smith. The elder Smith was born in the State of Vermont, and moved with'TTis' family from London, Canada, to this country in 1854. Om- subject, C. A. Smith, spent the younger part of his days on his father's farm, and received a good education. He worked in his father's stave-mill for several years. This mill was biu-ned m 18(1. He began work for Mr. H. R. Hazelton, of New Hdven, in 1874, at scaling and measuring timber" He is the chief stave cutter, and when his time is not occupied at the mill, he is salesman in Mr. Hazelton's extensive store. He was married November 14, 18(Ht, to Miss Mary E. McNellie. by whom he has five children— Rettie J.. Lilly May, Hattie Bell, Burc A. and Gertrude L. "Mi-. Smith is now serving his second tenu as Treasurer of Lenox R. P. He is one of the Village Council, and is a member of the New Haven Cornet Band, and a member of the K. of H. , ABNER W. STEPHENS P. O. New Haven, is the son of John Scjuire Stephens, of Richmond Village, of Irish descent, and Anna (Woodi-uff) Stephens, who was born m Connecticut. Thev were married January 5. 1 .93. Aimer W. was born in Canaan, Litch- field Co., Conn., Jime 26, 1801. and emigrated to Pompey. Onondaga Co.. N. \.. m March, 1807. He had a very limited education, but plenty of hard work, in a new country. He was married to Abigail Resseguie October 5, 1825, in Verona, Oneida County. He soon removed to Van Bm-eu, Onondaga County, where they resided until they came to Michi- gan. He came and t'-ok up 240 acres of Government land on Sections 1 and 12. Town 4 north. Range 14 east, Lenox. He came with his family in 1836. There was not a farm taken up within three miles. He and his brother John lived in a turnpike shanty while buildinir his first house. The shanty was burned while they were at work on the house. and then- provisions, watch, rifle and most of their clothing, and some money, amounting to 170. were consumed. They had to go to Mt. Clemens, fifteen miles, for supplies, ihe town was called Ray. He was so far from town-meeting that he never voted until Lenox was organized He voted for the first town officers, when no political lines were drawn. He voted the first Republican ticket in the town, and has continued on that line. He was one of the first Highway Commissioners; served one year as Assessor, and eight years as Justice of the Peace, fi^m 1840. He says they had to use all the basswood m town to fall ^F HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tli« ollieiis. In the fall of 1 S:!0, his monov and provisions wore all gone and nothing raised. Willi a family of a wif<> and six childrmi ho care for, th(< future looked gloomy. As the only resort, and by request of A. f. I'aird. himlierman of St. Clair County, and some of his neighbors, he consented to open a pulilic house on the Gratiot Turnpike. He was furnished his lirst barrel of flour for it by Lyman Grangt^r, of Lenox, and forty bushels of potatoes by Mr. Simons, of Li a few special references to its present inhabitants The first meeting was hold May 28, 1827, in accordance with the terms of the act, with William Meldrum, Moderator; Francis Labadie, Justice of the Peace, and Henry Taylor, Clerk. The lirst otlicers elected were: James Meldrum, Clerk: Jacob Tucker, Collector; Charles Tucker, B. Thomas and F. Labadie, Commissioners of Highways: Charles I'letier, Sr., Overseer of the Poor: John B. Chapnii given for th(> office of Supervisor. A special election was- ^ supervisor. A speci suited in the choice of Henry Taylor to fill that ofll( since 1827 are named below; iiys : an, Constable. A tie vote was as held June '.), 1827, which ro- Thi' iirincipal township officers TOWN KO.STKl;. Supervisors— Henry Tavlor, 1827-29; Jacob T\icker, 1829-38; David Lyon, 1888- ?,'.)-. George Kellegg, 1839-10; Heman Beal, 1840-41; Henry J, Tucker, 1841-42; Henry Teats, 1842-45; William J, Tucker, 1845-48; Antoine Chortior, 1848-49; Alouzo A. Goodman, 1849-50; Robert Teats 1850-55; William J. Tucker, 1855-01; Alonzo A. Goodman, 18(31-63: Edward Teats, 18(33-()4: William J. Tucker, 1804-08; Edward Teats, 18(')8-73; Frederick C!. Forton, 1873-75; John FilUn-, 1875-77; Edward Teats, 1877-82. Clerks — James Meldrum, 1827-33; Valorous Maynard, 1834-35; Robert Moldinim. 1835-38; A. C. Hatch, 1839; A. W. Flagg. 1840; Henry Teats, 1841; Henry J. Tucker, 1842-43; Robert Teats, lS44-4(); Alonzo A. Goodman", 1847-48;' Robert Teats, 1848; Jacob Tucker, 1850; David Tucker, 1851-53; Hom-y Van Allen, 1854-50; Randolph Stiger, 1S57; Robert Teats, 1858-59; Edward Teats, 1800-02; Simon Eackham. 1803- 00; Dositee Chortier, 1807-70; John Feller, 1871 72; Henry Frie.s, 1873-74; Lemuel M. Sackett. 1875: Henry Campau, 1870-77; Stephen Lawtoii, 1878-80; Francis Chor- tier, I Sam Shear, Homer Beal, Henry Van Allen, 1858; Alonzo A. Goodman, 1S54; Sam Shear, Henry Van Allen, 1855; Robert Teats, Henry Frego, 1857; Alonzo A. (ioodman, Henry Fre<^e, Samuel Shear, 1858: Henry Teats, Samuel Shear, 1859; S. Raekham, 1.S5U (iO; Joshua Dickins(m, 1801; Samuel Shearer, 1S62; H(>nry Teats, ISfili; Robert Meldrum, 1S()4: Joshua Dickinson, 1S(15; David Tucker. ISfiO; Richard Chotier, 18()7; Sam Sh(y one majority. OKOAMZATION. In acquiesence with the prayer of citizens of Macomb County, the district which lies east of a line between a tract (jf laud confirmed to John Tucker and James Connor, and extending to the Salin(» River on the north side of the River Huron, and all the counti-y which lies east of a line betwtien a tract confirmed to Lewis Peltier and a tract confirmed to Pierre Phenix. on the soitth side of the River Huron, iiKduding the settlements north- east of the base line, near Milk River on the lake shore, to the mouth of the said River Huron, was erected into a township under the name of Harrison. This act was ap[)roved August 12, 1818. Harrison Township, as erectc^d under legislative enactment. .-Vpril 12, 1827, comprised all the country between the county lin(? of Macomb and St. Clair, on the town line be- tween Town 4, Range 13, and Town 4, in Range 14, running south to the lake, near the faiTU of Joseph Sansfacon.so as to include his farm in the town of Clint(m. which includes Towns 4, 8 and a part of 2, in Range 14, was named Harriscm, and tlie first town meeting was ordered to be held at the house of Charles Peltier, Jr.. the last Monday in May, 1827. The first house of worship erected in the county was the Catholic Church, in 1775. This old house stood on the south bank of the Clinton, about four miles below the site of Mt Clemens, in Harrison Township. The first marriage among the white settlers is supposed to be that of Nicholas Paten- aude, in 1758 or 1759. The second that of Richard Connor, or O'Connor, and Mary My- ers, the Indian captive, in 17S1. The first white female child born in the county was Susanna Cotmor, daughter of Richard Connor, who maiTied Elisha Hairington. The first white male children were the sons of Patenaude and the son of l{ichar. 1839; was raised on a farm; received a common-school education; has been elected Town Treas- urer and Justice of the Peace and resides with his father. FRANCIS LETOITRNEAU, P. O. Box No. (588, Mt. Clemens, father of Mrs. Jose- phine Paquette. was born in Macomb County in 1800: he labored on the farm until ISl."), when he began the trade of ship and house builder. Mi's. Josephine Paquette was born Jixne 1, 1833, at Detroit, educated in the common schools, and subsequently studied in her father's house. The family moved to Mt. Clemens in 1S.")4, where Miss Josephine Letourneau was married to Jarvis Paquette, at Mt. Clemens. June If). 18-")7, by whom she had eight children, seven of whom are living — Mary C, Joseph, Francis. Louis, Marie, Charles and Fred; her husband was instantly killed. February 18, 1878, by a fall- ing tree or limb. The Paquette family resided at Detroit from 1857 to 1874, when they located on P. C. No. 17"), where the family now live: the property is valued at $3, (UK), being seventy-two acres, with dwelling-house and improvements. JAMES PERRY, P. O. Mt. Clemens, son of John and Mary (Kelly) Perry, natives of Ireland, was born Mareh 4, 183(5; he was educated in Ireland, and completed his studies in Rochester, N. Y. ; his parents settled in the Canadas in 1841, moved to Rochester, N. Y., where James Perry joined them in 1848; he learned the cooper's trade and followed it for four years, until 18")4; he married the daughter of John A. and Margaret (Mink) Fries, September '2'\ IS.")."), when they moved to Macomb County: they are the parents of twelve children — John H. , Ella R.. Eugene, Lucy and Lewis, twins, James, Mar- garet. Maiy J., Edith and Eva. Mr. Perry is a member of the Presbyterian Church; he owns 100 acres on P. C. 17'2; he makes a specialty of horse-raising; two of his animals were awarded the first prize for two years at the State Fair, and always take the first pre- mium at the county fairs. JOHN J. REIMOLD, son of John J. and Catharine Reiraold, natives of Germany, was born at Wurtemberg October (5, IS'iS; received a liberal education and left his home for the United States in lSr)3; arriving at Mt. Clemens, he resumed farming, and then entered the butchering business, which he continued until 18(j3. He married Miss Pris- cilla Moser, daughter of Nathan and Elizabeth Moser, February 18, IS-")?; they are the parents of eight children — Alice, Fred, Rosa, Mary, Sarah, Charles, Henry and Jennie. Mr. Reimold holds the offices of Justice and Drain Commissioner; he is a member of the Mt. Clemens Grange, Lodge (337; owner of 13"2 acres in P. C. '229, Harrison; is an exten- sive stock-raiser and a thorough agricultiu-ist. ^1 'i>^ T. J. SHOEMAKER. P. O. Mt. Clemens, resides on French Claim 229, settled origi- nally in lT9"i. by John Loveless, who sold to Joseph Eobertjeau in 179N. "FRANCOIS "X. STARK, P. O. Mt. Clemens, was born in the Kingdom of Bavaria April I. 1840. Jacob Stark, who brought his family to this country in lS5>i. died shortly after his arrival. The family located on a farm (ju Swan Creek, where they lived for two years, then removed to New Baltimore, where two more years were passed: next, to Sjiring Wells, Wayne County, and ultimately, to Harrison, where Mr. Stark's mother and sister have a farm of :^30 acres, on P. C. 129. F. X. Stark married Miss Mary Livernois, of Wayne County, in 1: George C. Mead. John F. Eberline, James Whiting, 1867; Joseph Williams, 186S-6;); Jac(jb Ketch ler, George C. Mead, 1870; James Whiting, Charles Cox, 1871; Casper A. Schettler, Robert A. Barton. 1872, The election of 1882 resulted as follows: Supervi.sor, R. A. Barton, Republican, 191; John Dedenbach, Democrat, 155; Republican majority, 36. Clerk, Henry Bloss, Demo- crat, on both tickets. Treasui'er, Chai-les Freehauf, Democrat, 196: William Bottomly, Jr., Republican, 148; Democratic majority, 48. TOWNSIIir SCHOOLS. District No. 5 was organized in 1850 by Benjamin Wheat. After much difficulty in selecting a location, a site was agreed upon, when the first log schoolhouse was erected. Each one in the district furnished his quota of logs. The first officers were: Francis De Fer, Sr., Director; Nelson Labadie, Moderator, and Louis Frazer, Assessor. The first teacher emjdoyed was Mrs. Catharine Moran. Her salary was $14 per month. The dis- trict comprises a French jiopulation. Through the influence of the teacher — Charles Domini, who has been employed since 1866 — a new schoolhouse was built in 1870. \lI,LA(:i:S. The village of Frazer, in Erin Township, is a country post office and station on the Grand Trunk Railway, six miles southwest of Mt. Clemens Court House and nineteen out from Detroit. The depot is one-quarter mile distant from the post office In the vicinity, there is an Evangelical Lutheran Church, a district school and steam stave and heading factory, the products of the latter forming the only exports. The business aud profes- sional circles of the hamlet comprise about a dozen persons. The post office is conducted by F. C. Kollmorgen. The principal business is conducted by the stave and heading fac- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. tory. There are some other manufactories. The Canadian Express Company and the Western Union Telegi-aph Company do business here. The village was founded in 1S57 by Alex Frazer. The first store was established by Fred Eberlein. a Bavarian, who settled there in 185(5. A stave-mill was built by Eberleiia & Co. in ISI)."), who operated it two years, when the company sold to F. Eberlein and Will- iam Beauclerc. The concern was sold to John Gapt, who sold his interest, in 1S72, to Charles Knorr and John Gutow, and the latter selling to Charles Steffias resulted in the formation of the present fii-m. The company manufacture at present staves, headings, hard- wood lumber, ax-handles, whiffletrees, neck-yokes, and also operate a feed-mill. The first blacksmith shoj) was that of F. Eberlein, established in 1S56. Frazer is a German village. A Lutheran Church, which sustains a large gi-aded school, is in a pros- perous state. The schoolhouse now Ijeing built is estimated to cost $2,000. One of the most complete wood-working mills in this part of the State is that of Knorr & Stefleus, at Frazer. The establishment includes a large stave and heading mill, a saw-mill and an ax-handle factory, and gives employment to fifty hands. The firm finds itself, at the season's end, with $'2r),000 in dry stock on hand, from which it will realize a handsome profit. Their business may be judged from the fact that last year they paid no less than $S,000 in freight to the Grand Trunk. Enterprising manufactiu-ers like Knorr & Stefleus are a solid advantage to any community. There is a small and steadily growing settlement called the Junction. It is located at a point where the Utica plank road intersects the Gratiot road. Roseville is a village of 400 inhabitants, in Erin Township, Macomb County, four and a half miles south of Frazer, on the Grand Trunk Railway, three miles from Lake St. Clair, nineteen miles above Detroit and ten south of Mt. Clemens. The place con- tains six chiu'ches— one Catholic, thi-ee Lutheran, MetJiodist and Presln-terian — and several schools. Fruit, grain, hay and potatoes ai'e the exports. Gustave Schuchard is Postmaster. Rev. Messrs. J. S. Schimdt, J. List and Amdt, of the Lutheran Churches: Rev. Andi'eas Meyer, of the Methodist, and Rev. J. Van Straken, of the Catholic Church, are the only resident pastors. The physicians are James Yates and Henry Feldman. There are three potash manufacturers, one stave factory, eleven stores, two saloons, one hotel, with a number of wagon-makers and blacksmiths. I'KIisOXAL IIl.STORY. The biographical sketches of many of the most prominent citizens of the township, ajjpeariug in subsequent pages, contain many valuable references to the history of this township. HENRY ACKERMAN, P. O. Roseville, son of George and Elizabeth Ackerman, who came fi'om Germany to New York City in lS2t), to Wayne County in 1S82, where the for- mer died in August, INTO, and the latter in OctoVier, ISH;! Henry was born November IS, 18-t2, in Wayne County, which he made his hr was born in Georgia, and held the position of Second Lieutenant, First Dra- goons, under Col. Backus, and subsequently Captain of the Forty-sixth United States In- fantry, during the war of LS12; he received the latter commission from Pi-esident Madison; at the close of the war. he settled at Hudson, where he married. In 1S;^H, he moved to ^lichigan. where he died; his family consisted of eight children — Frederick, James, John L.. Elizabeth. Robert A., Theodore, Thomas J, and Henry C. Robert A. was married, May 29. 1849. to Julia A., daughter of Pierrs Gouiu. of Grosse Point. Wayne Co.. Mich.; this lady died April 8, 18()S; he married Miss Polly Vernier, of Erin Township, who died February 1, bS72. Mr. B. held the office of Supervisor for 1872-7ij and 1S81-S2; he has been Justice of the Peace for twelve years: he is the owner of si.xty acres on Private Claim H2r), where he made his home. James. Louisa and Rhoda are the chiklren by the first marriage; Abraham, Thomas, Henry S. and Robert by the second marriage. HENRY BLOSS. P. O. Roseville, was born September 2.'), 184S; his father, Thomas Bloss. and mother, Catharine Mershel, natives of Germany, came to the United States in 1847, and were married the same year. Henry was raised on a farm and received a Ger- man and English education; in 18()9, he went to Bay City, where he worked in a saw-mill until ]N78; in the latter year, he returned to his farm in Erin Township; in 1878, he pm-- chased the Charles Rehfeld store, where he now conducts a general business. He was man'ied, in Mav, 1878; he was elected Town Clerk in 1879. which position he now holds. THOMAS 'common, P. O. Fraser, son of Richard and Jennette (Laing) Common, natives of Scotland, who were married July N. 1814, was born August 17, 18:58; he came with his parents to Detroit, in 1.S44, and lived there until 1S4H; his mother died June 28, 1845, his father April 11, 1852. Mr. Common. Sr., while working as a mason at Detroit, purchased eighty acres in Erin Township, and settled on this farm in 1847. Mr. C, Jr., was raised partly in Scotland, at Detroit and in Erin: he served one year in a drug store before moving to his farm; at that time, neighbors were from four to six miles apart; his fu'st farming ojierations were attended with success, and down the years to the present time rich harvests have always attended his labors. He was married, September 27, 1857, to Miss Marion, daughter of Samuel D. and Mercy (Briggs) Shattuck, the former born in Chesterfield, Hampshire Co., Mass., February 15, 1811, the latter born at Potter, N. Y., July 22, 1818; ten childi-en were born to this marriage. The family belong to the Pres- byterian Church. Mr. Common visited Great Britain and Ireland in 1877. leaving home July 4. and retiu-ning in September. CHARLES DEMRICK. P. O. Roseville, son of Frederick and Elizabeth Demrick, was born in Germany November 19, 1888; came with his parents to the United States in 1852, and settled in Oneida County, N. Y. ; four years later, the family located the home- stead on Section lit, Erin Township, where Charles Demrick now lives. Mr. D. , Sr. , died August 25, lSfi9, and. on July IS, 1880, his mother deceased. Mr. D., Jr., was married, November 18. INtw. to Miss Amelia, daughter of Henry and Maiy A. Savage, the former born in New York, and the latter in England. Mi-s. D. was born June 27, 184(); they had six children, five of whom are living — Almon H., Ray E., Edgar, Carl and Minerva. JACOB A. GAUKLER, P. O. Roseville, Macomb Co., Mich. ; he is the son of Jacob and Barbara (Wuneh) Gaukler, was born at Wurtemberg, Germany, June 8, 1845. The family came to the United States in 1858, and located at Detroit for a short time, and in Erin Township. In 1854, Mr. G., Sr., purchased one iicre and a house; in 1855, he opened a small gi'ocery store and meat market; subsequently, moved to Gaukler's comer, HISTORY OF MACOMB COUJsTY. where his son Jacob A. Gauklei- now carries on his extensive business. He was married, January 2(), ISliV). to Miss Josephine Weber, daughter of Frank and Elizabetli Weber, of the city of Detroit, Mich.; they are the parents of six children, four of whom are living — Mary E., Victor P., Arthur H. and Frank O. I. Mr. G. owns, together with his busi- ness, MO acres of land; he has been Clerkof the township for seven successive terms and delegate to conventions and prominent in all matters connected with the township. The familv belong to the Roman Catholic Church. JOHX HOUGHTON. P. O. Roseville. son of Thomas and Mary (Giles) Houghton, was born in Yorkshire. England, January 81, 1S21; he came to the United States June 9, 11S44, and located within iive miles of Detroit; subsequently, he rented a farm, which he worked for two years, and next located a farm on Gratiot road, where he operated a brick- yard. April 1. 185(5, he moved to Erin Tovraship, where he now owns and cultivates ViO acres on Section 20. and ten acres on Section '2'\ Warren, joining; he is also the owner of a farm of tifty acres at Troy. Oakland County, and is an extensive stock-raiser. Mi-. H. married Miss Margaret Galtry. daughter of Matthew and Mary Thomson Gal try, March 1. 1S44. to whom were born four children. In October, 1 855, he married his second wife. Miss Mary A. Hersey, to whom were born eight children; lastly, he married Miss Mary Goodwin." daughter oE Elijah and G. Hall Goodwin, to whom were three children born; of the fifteen children, there are thirteen living. MATTHEW T. HOUGHTON. P. O. Roseville. son of John and Mary (Galtry) Houghton, was born September 11, 1845; he married Miss Prudence, daughter of Henry and Mary A. (Reed) Savage, January 14, 18(')8, to whom was born one child. Mrs. Sav- age died" April 17. 187(1. For the four succeeding years. ;Mi-. Houghton traveled a good deal. He man-ied Miss Mary A. Whiting, daughter of James and Mary (Young) Whiting, April 11, 1872, to whom was born one son— Ai'thur Houghton; in lS7;i he pm'chased forty acres, on Section 9, Erin. Mi-s. Houghton died in her new home March 21, 187(); he subsequently married Miss Catharine Teats, daughter of Edward Teats, who is the mother of Elmer Houghton. Mr. H, is a farmer and stock-raiser and a member of the Presbvterian Church. CHARLES KNORR, P. O. Fraser. born in Germany June 2H. 1 840. is the son of Christian Knorr; he came to Detroit in lS(i4. and to Macomb County in 18(2, where he engaged in the manufacture of staves, headings, handles, etc., with Mr. Steffens. He was married, in lS6(i. to Miss Elizabeth Schmidt, a native of Germany; to them ten children were bom, seven of them now living— Maiy, John, Caroline, George, Hermann, Julia and Frederick. The family belong to the Lutheran Chui-ch. DENNIS O'CONNELL. P. O. Roseville. bom in Cork County, Ireland, in 181 <, came to Montreal. Canada, in 1847; to Burlington. Vt., in 1S48, and to Detroit in 1850. IVIr. O'Connell received a liberal education in Ireland, where he was teacher in the schools. On coming to Detroit, in 1850, he turned his attention to the public works; in 1852. he resumed the position of schoo' -teacher, which he held until 18rM), when he retired to a farm, which he purchased on Section 19, Erin, where he now lives. IVIr. O'Connell was married to Miss Tamsin Smith, in October, 1N4(, by Rev. Mr. Connelly, of the Cathedral, Montreal. He became acquainted with the lady on board the vessel which brought him to this continent, in 1S47; she died. September 2. 1859; she was the mother of five chil- dren, the voungest of whom resides with his father. LEONHARD SCHNEIDER, P. O. Eraser, this enterprising blacksmith and wagon manufacturer was born in Milwaukee. Wis., May 9. 1858; he is the son of George Schnei- der, a native of Germanv. who emigrated fi-om his native country to Wisconsin m early life. When Leonhard was a small boy, the family removed to Lyon. Iowa, where they remained antil 18(55, when thev came to Macomb Coimty. The following year, our sub- ^F's r~ ject began to learn the blacksmith trade; in 1S74, ho began business for himself; he pur- chased the old shop of Fred Heisner, at Fraser, and, in the fall of ISTC), built a new one, 47x30 feet; he carried on the business, which has so rapidly increased, that he built an addition in ISS'i, 44x10 feet; he has recently taken his brother George as a partner in the business; there is a wagon-shop in connection with his shop, which makes in all a very extensive manufactory. Mr. S.'s business is constantly increasing; in addition to his shop and factory, he is doing a very extensive business in the sale of all kinds of agricult- ural implements. In 1874, he married Miss Anna Odoerfer, by whom he has two boys and three girls; their names are as follows: Anna, Elizabeth, George, Magdalena and Fred- erick. GUSTAVE SCHUCHARD, P. O. Roseville, is the son of George F. and Anna M. (Lipp) Schuchard. natives of Ulrichstein, Darmstadt, Germany, was born November 1^7, lfS29: his father was collector of taxes in Germany for fifty years previous to his death, January. IS.IS; his mother died May 20, 1847. Gustave attended school vintil 1848; in 184t), he entered the military school, where he studied until IHo'l. save with the term of service with the ai'tillery in the revolution of 1848; he was jH'omoted to commissioned officer; received a medal for meritorious conduct from the Duke of Baden and one from the Duke Ludevig, together with a picture of the latter; he holds all his old school-books, together with a certificate for military honors. He was married to Magdalene Spengler, daughter of the collector of internal revenue, at Hesse-Darmstadt, April 1), 1 8,") "2 ; this lady was born August S, 1829. at the city of Worms, and started the day after her marriage with her husband for the United States; they settled in Erin Township, where he began work July 4, 18r>2, and worked six years in saw-mills; saw hai'd times by clearing up a piece of land and received no pay for it; then started in the peddling business, and then was engaged in operating a thre.shing machine; in 1858. he cleared some land and became a trader and fai'mer; next, operated a threshing machine, and ultimately inaugm-ated his store at Rose- ville; he was appointed Postmaster in 1N()(), Notary in INliU, Census Enumerator in 1880; he has been Justice of the Peace since 1871; School Director three terms and Director of Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Macomb and St. Clair Counties for six years; he received Hr)0 majority vote for Justice of the Peace in 1881. and served foiu- years. Mr. and Mrs. Schuchard are the parents of twelve children, and members of the Evangelical Chm-ch. The Benevolent Society of Roseville was organized by Mr. S. and charter given from this State, July, 187(), being Secretary from beginning of said society, and still holds said office. The meetings will be held in the hall free of charge diu'ing the existence of said society. GEORGE J. SEIFFERLEIN. son of George and Frederica (Purnberg) Seiffijrlein. was born in Bavaria. Germany. December 2. 188)5. Mr. S. came to the United States in 1852. and located in Macomb County; he woi-ked at the carpenter trade until the stave- mill at Fraser was established, and afterward, until 18<)2: during that year, he purchased a threshing machine, and to this business and farming he devoted his attention; in 1879, he purchased a steam thresher. His marriage with Miss Elizabeth Measel took ])la3e in 1858; they had twelve children, of whom eight are living — Dorothea, aged twenty-four years; Louisa L.. aged seventeen; George, fifteen; John, thirteen; Christ, eleven; Rosa M., nine; Leouhard, five, and Frederica, seven months. Mr. S. held the office of Township Trea.surer in IS80-M. and is the owner of a valuable farm of 100 acres, in Erin Township. CHARLES STEFFENS. P. O. Fraser; he is the son of Adolph and Mary (Magee) Steffeus. who was born July 12. 1835. at Dusseldorf, Prussia, where he received a normal school education; he came to the United States in 1854, where he was joined by his parents in 1857. He married Miss Aning, in 18()2, to whom were born six children — HISTORY OF MACOMB COUKTY. Charles W. is dead; Matilda E., Mary, George, Kosa and EmiUe are living. He married Miss Caroline K. Hoffmeyer, November 80. 1875. to whom foiu- children were born — Fred W. G.. Ella, Clara D. and Andi'ew. Mr. S. is now engaged in the mannfactui'e of staves, headings and hardwood lumber, his trade aggregating $:iO,0()0 per annum; the factory was established in 1ST8; the company formerly belonged to a company of six, comprising John and Fred Eberlein, W. Beau.clair, H. Knorr, G, Seiferlein and F. Rein- dell. Mr. S. now owns 250 acres of land in the county, together with the Eraser stave factory. JOHN STKICKER, P. O Roseville, son of Jacob and Louise (Roechs) Strieker, na- tives of Germany, was born January 18, 1825; the family came to Detroit and remained there six months, then moved to a farm at Grosse Point, in 1834, where the mother died; in August, 185(), Jacob Strieker passed away. In his early days. John Strieker assisted in clearing the homestead farm, and also attended the publi,; school established near his home, in 1N>57-H8. IVIi\ Strieker married Miss Louise, daughter of Heniy and Eliza (Schweinee) Strieker, born June 10, 182tt; her i)arents came to the United States in 1S4<), and located in Wai'ren Township, where her father died in A|)ril, and her mother Decem- ber 25, 1878. GAZETTE VERNIER, P. O. Roseville. was born February 22. 1843; he is the son of Leon and Archange (Tremble) Vernier, natives of Michigan, who were married in 1818; his grandparents were natives of Montreal. Canada; at the age of eighteen, Mr. V. assisted in the United States survey of the city of Green Bay, Wis., in which duty he was engaged for two years; he was married, November 30, 1805, to Euphonia, daughter of James and Jane (Galloway) Rankin, who came from Scotland in 1838; they were the ])arents of ten childi'en, of whom seven are living — James R, L., John S., David, Jane A.. Gideon G.. Ennis M., Francis J. Mr. V. inherited eighty acres, Private Claim 025. HENRY VERNIER. P. O. Roseville, son of Antoine and Adeline (Socier) Vernier, was born January 12, 1847; his earlier years were devoted to the farm and school, until 1807, when he was married. Mr. Vernier owns twenty acres of the old homestead, to which he added twenty acres, making a valuable farm; his dwelling-house and farm buildings form valuable additions to this property. He still carries on the farm and operates the Lake St. Clair store, founded in 1872. Mr. Vernier and wife were the parents of eight childi'en, foui' of whom died while rpiite young; the names of the living are Louis, Frank W,, Henry J. and Frederick. HENRY A. WALES. P. O. Roseville, son of Austin and Amy (Wilber) Wales, was born Jane 1, 1834; he passed his youth at Detroit, where he received a fair education; he came with his parents to Erin Township in 1849, where his father purchased 700 acres of good timber and built a sawmill. Hemy A. worked in connection with the mill for some time, then returned to Detroit to continue his studies, and, after nine months, took charge of the concern in Erin; there he remained until 1804. when he went to Detroit; return- ing, he had charge of the mill until its destruction by lire, when he became a farmer and veterinary surgeon. He was married. August 4, 1853, to Miss Mary E., daughter of Sul- livan L.and Lucy A. Power, the former born at Troy, N. Y.. 1815. died in January, 1871; the latter in Pennsylvania in 1811. died in December, 1880, both settling in Mt. Clemens in 1841. Mi-s. Wales was born November 27, 1835, in Pennsylvania, and died Mav 20. 1881; she was the mother of three children —Cornelia L., Willie H. and JuHa D. JAMES YATES, M. D.. P. O. Roseville, son of Richard and Caroline (Nicholson) Yates, the former born May 19, 1810, the latter born June, 181(5, in England, was born ]\[arch 25, 1840; came to Canada with parents in 1850, where his mother died, June 22, 185(): he learned tlie carpenter's trade from his father, at which trade he worked, together with farm work, until 1857. when he visited Illinois. He married Miss Caroline Leraux. daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Grantier) Leraus. May 5. IS.j'J; this lady's grandfather came from France in the vessel which brought Gen. La Fayette to our shores; her father was born at Boston: served in the war of 1812; again under Gen. Winfield Scott. After his marriage, he returned to Canada, in 18(.)0; in 181)1, he bought a 100- acre farm, which he worked for eight years; in 1870, he commenced the study of medi- cine, under Dr. Allen Crawford, of Duart. Canada; in January. 1872. he entered the Medical College of Detroit, from which he received a diploma. March 4, 1874; he began 2>ractice the same year at Clarkston. Oakland County; continued at Waterford. returned to Clarkston. and finally, locateol in Erin Township, in 1875; he is a member of the Both- well (Canada) Lodge, 179, F. & A. M. ; was Sei-geant in the Canadian militia for some time. Mr. and Mrs. Yates were the parents of live children, four of whom are living — Florence J., Benjamin, Josephine and Carrie G. CHAPTER XLIII. CHESTERFIELD TOWNSHIP. Throughout this State there cannot be found a more beautifully located township than Chesterfield. Within its limits many of the early French settlers made their homes. There also that natm-al locator, the Indian, built his wigwam, and squatted, so to speak, in the midst of [tleuty. The lake and streams of the townshi]) offered the lazy red men their wealth of fi.sh; the forest, its game: and the soil, the wild fruits, herbs, and, in some cases, corn. So many references have been made to the town of Chesterfield in the general history of the county, and so complete are the biographical sketches of its citizens, little remains to be written here beyond the special items pertaining directly to the township. The fii-st exodus of the Indians of the Macompte band took place in 1S;30. The rem- nant of the band left the county in 1S38. Among the earliest and most prominent settlers of Chesterfield Township were the Ashleys. Louis La Forge (who died in 1872. nearly one hundred years old). Francis Yax, the Miltons, John Horriman. Robert W. Knight, William Little, Elisha Weller, John and Stephen Fairchilds, Zej^haniah Camj)bell. Zai'a Granger. Joseph Horriman and John Lusk. The first actual white settler in Chesterfield was Charles Jennar, born at a point in Harrison Township now called Liverpool, in 1816. He came with his grandfather, Charles Seer, in 1819, to an Indian village then located one half mile below New Baltimore, where Seer bought some land and there settled. Shortly after this, other pioneers came and lo- cated near the Indian village, then standing by the Riviere Aux Vase. Among the first German settlers in Chesterfield were Mr. Barker, father of William Barker, of New Baltimore; Seifert, Ai'mand Rabe, Krause; Reumen, who set- tled on Salt River in 1853: and J. J. Wuestenberg, who settled on Section 10, in 1854. The family of the latter settler numbered twenty-one. including children and gi-andchil- dren. The first post office in Chesterfield was established in 1837. with Robert O. Milton. Postmaster. The office was kept at his hoTtse, and bore the name New Haven Post Office. ^1 1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. This was moved to New Haven Village, and another established at Milton, now conducted by Alfred D. Kice. ORGANIZATION. The fractional township of Chesterfield was organized in the year l.S4'J. It was taken from Macomb Township, and the first election was ordered to be held at the schoolhouse near the residence of Charles B. Matthews. TOWN EOSTEB. Supervisors — County Commissioners, 1842^3; Samuel P. Canfield, 1843—1:4; Ben- jamin T. Castle, 1844-46; Cyrus B. Symmons, 1846-48; Chai-les B. Matthews, 1848^9; Cyrus B. Symmons, 1849-50; Samuel P. Canfield, 1850-51: Eber C. Denison, 1851-53; Samuel P. Canfield, 1853-54: Eber C. Denison. 1854-55; Charles B. Matthews, 1855-56; Joshua C. Parker. 1856-57: Joseph Hubbard, 1857-59; Parker Hart. 1859-60; Charles D. Crittenden, 1860-61; John Milton, 1S61-65; Ford L. Milton, 1865-66; Parker Hart. 1866-67; Joel Hart, 1867-70: Charles D. Crittenden, 1870-71; Joel Hart. 1871-72: John Milton, 1872-77: Warren Barker, 1.S77-79; Joel Hart, 1879-80; William Baker, 1880-81; William C. Jones. 18S1-82. Clerks— Kobert A.Milton. 1842; Robert W. Knight. 1843; Charles B. Matthews, 1844-46: Joshua C. Parker. bS48; Hiram Denison, 1849: Robert O. Milton, 1N50-53; Livingston Ax ford, 4854; Hiram Denison, 1855; William D. Holt, 1S56: Rodolphus Kern, 1857; D. N. Taylor, 1858; James Macaulay. 1861; Albert Hendilcks, 1861; John J. Crocker, 1^62; Andrew J. Rose, 1863-64; Erastus Q. Chamberlin. 1865; Andrew J. Rose, 1866; Francis Johr, 1867; William Randall, 1868; C.J.Glenn. 1869; Lewis Rose. 1870; Eda W. .Shattuck, 1871: C. L. Braddish. 1872; Sidney O. Knight. 18(3; C. L. Braddish, 1874-75; P. F. H. Schars, 1876; John Hansien, 187"7-7.S: .Joseph M. Wilson, 1879-80; Christian Schnover, 1881-N2. Treasurers— Zalmon M. Gray, 1S42: John Bates, 1843; Joshua C. Parker, 1844-46: Parker Hart, 1847-49; Charles B. Matthews, 1850-51; John Milton, bS52-53; Robert A. King. 1854-55; Charles D. Crittenden, 1856-57; Charles S. Knight, 1858; Joel Hart, I860; D. M. Mills, 1861-62; L. H. Canfield, 1863-64; Moses K. Bortree, 1865; Amos Van Horn. 18()6; George W. Douglass, 1S67: William Baker, 186S-69; Addis L. Hack- nell. 1870-71; William Baker, 1872-78; Sidney O. Knight, 1879-SO; William Baker, 1881-82. Justices of the Peace— Robert Douglass, bS42; Daniel Shattuck, 1S42; Sam D. Shat- tuck, 1843; Robert Thompson, IS44; Zalmon Gray, 1845: David Meldrum. 1845: Robert W. Knight, 1846; Joshua C. Parker, 1847; DanielHedges, 184S: Robert P. Crawford, 1849;« Samuel Goodsell, Stephen Fairchild, Thos. M. Crocker. 1852; Hiram Dennison, 1853;Chas. D. Crittenden. William T. Little. 1S55; Robert Thompson, 1857; Josiah D. Bm-gess, 1858; John Bates. 1859: Ferdinand Morrell, I860; Jackson Freeman, 1861; Cortez P. Hooker, 1861; James F. Buffixm, 1S62; Alonzo Gilxson, 1863; Josiah D. Burgess, 1S63: George L. Phelps, 1864; Cortez P. Hooker, 1865; J. D. Burgess, 1866; John Bates, 1867; George L. Phelps. 186S: Cortez P. Hooker, 1869; D. Milo Heath, 1870; Josiah D. Burgess, IST'O; Warren Parker, 1871; J. S. P. Hathaway, 1872; D. M. Heath, 1873; S. P. Fuller, 1874; Josiah D. Burgess, 1874; George Wallers, 1876; Ford L. Milton, 187 (: William C. Jones, 1879; John McCinch, 1880; D. M. Heath, 1880: D. M. Heath, 1881. The elections of 1882 resulted as follows: Supervisor, Warren Parker. Democrat, 241; George Walter, Republican, 141 : Democratic majority. 100. Clerk. Christian Schlosser. Republican. 202; G. C. Walker, Democrat, 183; Republican majority, 19. Treasurer, William Baker. Democrat. 247; J. L. Thompson. Republican. 13 c Democratic majority, 110. ^- HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. CHURCHES. The Catholic Cburch of New Baltimore was built under the direction of Rev. Theo- philus Buyse, in LS71. The parochial house was erected in 1S77, by Rev. A. J. Lambert, and to him also is due the credit of erecting the Catholic school buildings in ISSl. The early history of this chiu'ch is identical with that of L'anse creuse and Mt. (Clemens. The congi'egation is large. St. John's Lutheran Church, N. B., was organized under Rev. Mr. Engel. Rev. An drew Birsset became pastor in 1879. This church is referred to in the general history of the county. St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church of New Baltimore was organized by Rev. Milton Ward in 1.S55. The congi-egation never had a house of worship, nor a permanent rector, but has been attended by different clergymen from time to time. The present minister is Rev. A. B. Flower, of Marine City. The membership is small, but very ear- nest and faithful. The Congi-egational Church at New Baltimore was organized .Ipril 29, ISSfi. The Congregational Chiu-ch of New Haven was founded October '20, 1S68. The Free-Will Baptist Chiu'ch and Methodist Episcoj^al Church at New Haven, and the Baptist Chiu'ches of Macomb and Chesterfield were subsequently organized. The Congregational Chiu'ch at Chesterfield was organized February 18, 1S47. The first Methodist Episcojial clas.-* was organized in 1833. The first meeting held in this town, and the first sermon preached, were recorded in 183".^. Rev. Mr. Coe, a missionary sent out by the Presbyterian Board, held this meeting at the house of Elisha M'eller. s";hools. The following table will be sufficient to prove the interest taken in educational aS'airs by the people of Chesterfield. The school building at New Baltimore is one of the proudest monuments to educational zeal in this State: DISTRICTS. Number of D'-scrii'ti.tn of Vwlue of Pupils. S hool Build'gs. Sclioul Build'gs. District No. 1 District No. 2 Di.strict No. 3 (fractional) District No. 4 District No. 5 (fractional) District No. 6 Disirict No. 7 (fractional) District No. 8 Lake School District Totals Frame. Frame. Frame. Brick . Brick . $150 1250 1400 ,-)00 300 275 74 310 48 343 85 327 53 257 97 89 Frame .1 1000 343 07 35 Frame. . . . .; 1.50 259 52 36 Frame. . . . .1 600 224 6r. 398 Brick .... .' 2400S 2790 59 878 .i 129350 i $5133 36 MASONIC. The Lake St. Clair Lodge. F. & A. M. , No. S'l, was organized tinder dispensation June 2(i, 1855. with S. B. Famham. W. M. ; J. P. Fuller, S. W. ; R. B. King, J. W. ; J. L. Thompson. S. D.; J. McChesuey. J. D. : S. F. Atwood. T.; J. M. Chapman, Secretary: and John Lutz, Tiler. The present officers, as installed by Past Master William Randall, are: D. Hedges, W. M. ; S. A. Knight, S. W. ; A. H. Shafer. J. W. : M. M. Sanders, T. ; William Randall. Secretary; E. F. Haight, S. D. ; C. Burgess, J. D.; and Abel Davis, Tiler. NEW BAt.TIMORK. New Baltimore, formerly called Ashley, contains l.HXt inhabitants. Its location, on the lake shore, north of Anchor Bay, is very desirable. The village is thirty miles above -^- Detroit, aud four and one-half southeast of New Haven, on the Grand Trunk Railway, its nearest shipping point. The village has four churches — Catholic, Congregational. Epis- copal and Lutheran — and a school known as the Hatheway Institute, built at a cost of §22,000, bequeathed by Gilbert Hatheway, deceased. Among its Inisiness men are James S. P. Hatheway,' William Baker, Milo D. Heath, William W. Howe, AVilliam W. Parker. Horace Perkins, H. Petipren, C. Schlosser. C. Schnoor. John A. Smith, C. Tor- nay. E. Willain. Hemy Rose, Joseph Busch and R. Teichman. The professions are rep- resented by Joseph M. Chapman and David Hammell. physicians. The pastors of the Chi-istian churches of the village are Rev. Messrs. A. J. Lambert and H. H. Mautiels. of the Catholic Church; A. Deroset, of the Lutheran: and M. S. Augell, of the Congrega- tional. The post office is conducted by Milo D. Heath. New Baltimore Lodge, No. 19(53. R. of H., was organized January 1, 18S0, with D. M. Heath, G. H Benedict, John Carlson. L. S. Pai-ker. C. A. B. Hultgren, H. Zimmer- man. Charles Woodgrift. S. J. Benedict, H T. Leonard. J. M. Chapman. E. F. Haight. J. W. Tavlor. George B. Parker and H. L. Brown, charter members. The present officers are: C. A. B. Hultgren, D. ; Flovd L. Milton, Y. D.: J. M. Chapman, A. D.; Ford L. M'"lton, R.; William Collofi", F. R.: D. M. Heath. C: H L. Brown. T. ; E. F. Haight, Guide; George H. Parker. Guard: R. L. D. German. Senior: and J. W. Taylor, John Carlson aud August Colloff, Trustees. Chestei-tield, a hamlet of fifty inhabitants, is located five miles north of Mt. Clemens. A few settlers located there in 1830, but not until the completion of the Grand Trunk Railroad through the township did the place become a little business center. In fact, until very recently, there was not a business house there. At present, Daniel McLean is the village blacksmith: James C. Patton. grocer: O. H. Patterson, cider-manufaetmer; J. E. Tremain, railroad and express agent: and Samuel AVeller, dealer in cattle. Milton Village is located on the Grand Trunk Railroad, eight miles northeast of Mt. Clemens and thirty-three above Detroit. It has three chiu'ches — Baptist, Congi-egational and Methodist — and a district school. The postoffice is conducted by A. D. Rice. The pastors of the chiu'ches are Rev. Messrs. P. A. C. Bradford. Congregational; D. W. Ful- ler, Adventist; F. A. Hazen. Methodist; and Rev. W. King, Baptist. The business circle comprises E. C. Denison and A. D. Rice. A. Goodsell is the physician: John McKinch and Ford J. Milton. Justices; William Hortenna, blacksmith. MANUF.\CTURING INDIISTRIKS. Hatheway's planing-mill, sash, door and blind factory was built by the Kern Brothers in I8(j3. Those settlers disposed of their interest in the concern to the present owners. The himber for this concern is shipped in the Hatheway boats from Alpena. The machinery is driven by a forty-five horse-power engine, and is of the newest j)attern. The building is -1^0x60 feet, and the whole concern under the management of M. M. ~anders. J. C. Adams, proprietor of the Adams Planing-Mill, built by John A. Smith in 187 (, must be numbered among the lai-ge lumber-manufacturers of Michigan. He pm-chased this concern in 1881. and introduced whatever machinery was necessaiw to render it a first- class factory. He is also owner of the EastTawas steam saw-mill, the capacity of which is estimated at 35.000 feet per day. These industries give emplojTuent to fifty-two men. His liunber harvest averages 4,000.000 feet every winter. This average will be increased din- ing the coming season, as it is his piu-pose to extend the business here, introduce more machinerv, and invest $10,000 more in the concern. The "stave and heading factory erected in IS'rl by William Jenny is still in operation. BIOGRAPHY. In the pages, devoted to personal history, are given sketches of many of those men who made the township their home, and raised it from its primitive condition to the rank of one of the first divisions of this county. J. C. ADAMS was born in Coshocton County, Ohio, February '2, 1830; here he re- ceived a liberal education; in lSt)2, he removed to Buchanan County, Iowa, where he was engaged for two years in the cattle trade; subsequently, he removed to East Tawas, Iosco Co., Mich., his present home, where he siiperintends the work of getting out lumber for his mills, one of which is located in that village: the other, to which is attached an extensive lumber-yard, is situated in New Baltimore. Mich., and is managed by his son. He married Miss Mary W. Adams, of Coshocton County, Ohio, to whom was born, May '2. 1S()0. one child, alluded to above. ALFRED ASHLEY, deceased, was born in New Hampshire June 13, 1794; he was the son of Mr. Ashley, a well-known citizen of that State; came to Western Ohio when a boy; studied law. but was forced to resign his chosen profession on account of ill health; he returned to Batavia. N. Y., where he was elected Constable; served several years in succession; c;une to Mt. Clemens in 18-i() and built a saw-mill on the North Branch, to which he added Hoiu--mill machinery in 1827. He was maiTied to Miss Euphonia Atwood in 1824; moved into Mt. Clemens Village, where he operated a store for several years; erected a hotel where Fleumer's flouring-mill now stands, which was the best hotel north of Detroit: he constructed the steamboat Lady of the Lake in 1828. which was run by Ca2:)t. S. F. Atwood. He moved to Chesterfield Township in 1845; founded the village of Ash- ley, now New Baltimore; built the first saw-mill in Ashley, and the plank road to Romeo: constructed the first steamboat at that place, and built the first dock there; reference to the political chapter of the general history will give the record of his election to the Leg- islature in 1838. His children were Alfred, born October 7. 1825, and Maria, born Feb- ruary 11, 1828; the son married Mrs. Ellen Stone, and the daughter married George B. Van Eps; the former died in New Baltimore in 1873; the latter died at Mt. Clemens June 28, 1847. Alfred Ashley. Sr.. died a faithful member of the Congi-egational Church. Se])- tember 7. 1857. The saw-mill which he built in New Baltimore is still in operation. WILLIAM BAKER, merchant, of New Baltimore, was born in Ohio February 22. 1845. During the last six years, he has built n\> for himself a lai-ge trade in dry goods and general merchandise. CORNELIUS E. BALDWIN, P. O. New Haven, was born in Yates County. N. Y.. April 9, 1824; came with his father to Mt. Clemens in 1833, and thence pushed into the wilderness now known as Chesterfield; he received his education in his native county, and, up to the present time, takes that interest in the education of the peo^ile so characteristic of the pioneers of Michigan; he has continued to reside on the old homestead uj; to the present time. Mr. Baldwin manned Miss Margaret A. Leonard, of Lenox, to whom were born two children— Fred C. and Arthur J. He married Miss Lam-a Cruttouden. of Ma- comb, born November Ki. 1833. to whom was born Mary A. Baldwin, April 25, 1872. ELI H. BATESisthesonof Ezra Bates, of Vermont, a native of West Haven, Portland, Conn., born in 17U(), a settler in New York of 1808, and a soldier of the war of 1812. Ezra was married to Margaret Green January 2<), 1822, to whom twelve children were . born, five of whom are living: he died in 18711, while the mother is living with Eli H, , aged seventy-eight years. Eli H. Bates was born in Clarkson Township, Monroe Co., N. Y., May 28, 1832; came with parents to Macomb County in 1835, and settled on the home- stead. Section 5. Chesterfield, where he owns a well-improved farm of eighty acres. Ho was married, in 1858. to Miss Cerinda Hazelton. who was the mother of Arthur J. and Berton T. Mrs. Bates died in 1872. In the fall of 1874, he married Miss Anna, daugh- ter of Samuel Wood, of Mt. Clemens. James E. Bates was a soldier in the late war. ±z:A^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. serving in Company A, Ninth Infantry: he died May 3, 18f54. of disease contracted in the service. JOHN BATES, deceased, son of Russel Bates, of Vermont, vras born in Monroe County, N. Y., October 7, 1819; came with parents to Michigan in 183(), and settled on Section 5, Chesteriield, in the midst of tlie wiklerness. He was married, October 1, 1845, to Miss Roxauna Green, daughter of Mnj. Roswell W, Green, who settled in Macomb in 1830; they were the parents of three children, of whom Ellen M. and Warren L. are liv- ing: Ellen married the late Charles R. Lusk. Mr. Bates died November IJ, 1881: he served as Justice of the Peace for many years, and was a much- esteemed citizen. H. L. BROWN, a native of Sandusky, Ohio, settled at New Baltimore with his par- ents in 1858; he was born in 185(5; in July, 18N1, he inaugurated a printing office at New Baltimore. ALFRED BUECHLER, born at Detroit December 14. 185(3; he is the son of Paul Buechler, of Switzerland, who settled in Detroit in 1848; in 1873, he returned to Switzer- land, and is now living there; his sou makes New Baltimore his home. He is an active pol- itician, and takes an especial pride in being a tirm supporter of the Republican platform. JOHN CHAPMAN was born in Exeter, N. H.. January 30, 1783; moved with his father to Maine in 17U0; there he was educated at the Green Hill Academy; in 1804, he settled in Ontario County, N. Y., and there married Miss Jane Drake May 2(^, 1815;"his three children. Mary Jane, John C. and Amy Ann, were born in Ontario County, and came to Michigan with their parents in 1824. Mr. Chapman located lands on the Shelby and Washington town line. Joseph M. Chapman. M. D., and Henry Clay, were born here on the old homestead. The pioneer died at his home January 18, 1865. aged eighty- two years; he was one of the clearest mathematicians of the United States, the original writer and compiler of the book known as Ostrander's Ai-ithmetic. After locating his family, he retiu-ned to Detroit and engaged in building the First Presbyterian Church, on the corner of Rivard and Jefferson avenues, for which work he never received any pay ; he was accustomed to work at his trade during the summer months, and teach school during the winter. In 1845, he retired from his trade and became one of the most esteemed Jus- tices of the Peace and Notaries known in the county; the duties of this office he fulfilled up to a short period before his deafli. It is stated positively that to him much of the credit due to the invention known as the solar compass belongs; he assisted William A. Bm-t by the solution of all the difficult problems connected with such an instrument. Mrs, Chapman, who learned the weaver's trade in New York, was the only weaver, in 1S24 and 1825, between Tremble Mountain and Mt. Clemens; she was consequently well qualified to aid her husband in the care of a large family, for the reason that her own earnings summed ui) a very respectable amount annually. It is related of this pioneer lady that, while rotm-ning from a visit to a neighbor's. Mrs. Hiram Miller, who was ill, she was con- fronted by a large, himgry-looking wolf; the mother had the jiresent Dr. Chapman, then a child, in her arms, but yet she lost none of her presence of mind; halting, she allowed the wolf to pass, and then ran homeward with all her speed. She lives with Dr. Chap- man, past ninety years, in good health JOSEPH M.' CHAPMAN, M. D„ son of John Chapman, a pioneer of Macomb County, began his studies under Prof. Nutting, at Romeo, in 1844; continued imder Mey- ers, of Rochester, Oakland County, where he studied and taught mathematics for three years; in 1847, he was assistant teacher at Oberlin College, Ohio, where he remained until 1851, when he entered the medical college at Cleveland, Ohio; after one yeai-'s term there, he returned to Shelby, and resumed his favorite subject of mathematics as tencher in the schools of Disco; subsequently, he entered the medical college at Ann Ai-bor; stud- ied under Drs. Pitcher and Brodie, of Detroit, who had charge of St. Mary's House of In- 56 _ ^^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. valids; he graduated in the spring of 1854; he began practice with the late Dr. Cooley, at Washington Corners; he established his office, September 'I'l, 1854, at New Baltimore, where he still resides, and he has won the confidence of a wide circle. He entered the army in 1804 as Assistant Surgeon; served ten mouths in the hospitals in Jeffersonville, Ind. , and subseqneatly on the field before Nashville, where he had to labor day and uight among the thcusands of sufi'ering soldiers; again, at Tullahoma, Tenn., he did good serv- ice, and remained nntil the close of the war in that service which saved to the country many of the men who fell upon the field. Dr. Chapman was married to Miss Caroline Fellows, of Disco, by whom he had four children — John H. , born in 1850; Ella was born in 1858; Harvey S., born in 1801; Leo M. Chapman was born March 22. 1877. Henry Clay Chapman, brother of J. M. Chapman, was born in 1832; he is favorably known as a pulilic s])eaker. politician and a member of the Masonic order. WILLIAM COLLOFF. born at Berlin, Prussia. December 30. 1N4S, came to Buftalo, N. Y. . with his parents in 1851; next to Casco, St. Clair Co., Mich.: thence to Joliet in 180)5, and to New Baltimore in 1807, where he was engaged in mercantile business. He married Miss Rossalee Lalond, of this village, May 12. lS72; they are the parents of two children — Urra. born September 'J, 1875; and Dora, born September 13, 18S(t. Mr. Col lofi' is a member of the Knights of Honor, in which society he has held the position of F. R. since January, 1881. JOHN CRITTENDEN, born January 3. 1790, in the town of Conway. Franklin Co., Mass., came to Michigan in the fall of 1831, where he commenced to carve out his fortune in the woods, as there was no clearing or even neighbors. This State was then a Terri- tory. Mi\ Crittenden was a militiaman in the State of New York in 1814, and stood his draft for the war. He was married, in Albion, Orleans County, in 1818. to Miss Phcebe Goodi'ich, of Manlius Square, Onondaga Co., N. Y. : has three sons living. Mr. Critten- den is still a hale old man, and has the use of all his mental faculties. He rode on the first steamboat ever built. ALFORD M. DENISON. son of Eber C. Denison, was born at Guilford, Chenango Co., N. Y., July 20, 1835, and in 1839 moved with parents to Broome County; in 1S4(), came to this State with parents; in 1800, went to California and Nevada. He was mar- ried to Anna B. Milton, of Chesterfield, September 24, 1874: thev have three childi-en. EBER C. DENISON, born in Greene County, N. Y., October 30, INOit; in 1810, moved to Chenango County, N. Y., where he remained until after his father's death, which occurred in 1S30, after living to the age of sixty-nine; in 183N, his mother died, and left him comparatively free; he moved to Broome County, same State, in 183'.), and lived there iintil 1840, when he moved to this State and bought a farm in Macomb County, where he still lives, and intends to spend the remainder of his days; he has always taken an active part in the affairs of the township where he lives, having served the township as Super- visor and in other offices; he was elected Justice of the Peace, but did not qualify: was man-ied to Miss Charlotte Mills October 23. 18:^4, of Chenango County, N. Y. : they are the parents of three children. GEORGE W. DOUGLASS, born in Middlesex County, Ontario, Canada, settled in Ohio with his parents, and. after one year's stay there, came to Michigan and located in Chesterfield Township; he was one among the number drafted for the war in this county, but, on reaching the rendezvous at Pontiac, received an honorable discharge. He came to Macomb County while it was still a wilderness, and shared in many of the dangers and troubles of pioneer life; to-day his industry is rewarded, and his battle with the world conceded to be successful. Mr. Douglass married Lucinda Denison, of Chesterfield, in 1860; this lady was a native of Chenango County, N. Y. ; for a long time a settler of Chesterfield; she died in 1876. He married Amelia Jacobs, of Lenox, in 1877. Mr. -Ji 5> HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Douglass has two children — Josephine, born March l(i, ISHO; and Stephen, born Febru- ary lU, 1N62. He is a relative of the Stephen A. Douglas family, being the fourth re- move, on the father" s side, son of Robert and Hannah Douglass, natives of Vermont, who moved into Canada at an earlv day. STEPHEN FAIRCHILD, farmer, born in the town of Phelps. Ontario Co., N. Y., in 181(1, came here with his mother and sisters in 1832 and settled on the farm he now occu- pies. The first Protestant meeting ever held \a Chesterfield was held in his house, by a missionary from Pennsylvania, in May. 1S82: the first town meeting was held in the same house, in the same year: this was when the township was called Macomb. Mr. Fairchild was elected Highway Commissioner and Justice of the Peace: beheld both ofiiees for three years; was married to Miss Sophia Spoor, of Lyons, Wayne Co., N. Y., October 25. 1S3S: has had one son, who volunteered in Company L, Twenty-second Michigan Volunteer In- fantry, and died of typhoid fever. Mr. Fairchild takes an active part in politics and edu- cation. ALLEN FARR, farmer, was born at Paris, Oneida Co., N. Y., August 22, 181S, where he received a common -school education; came to Michigan in April, 1S33, arriving by the first boat in the spring; settled on a Government grant, and commenced clearing his land. He married Miss Mary Carl, of AVayne County, N. Y., July 4, 1836; Mrs. Farr was born April 4. 1S19, and was married at her father's house in Lenox. Mr. Fan- was a ([uiet. unassum- ing man: took an active interest in education, and lived a temperate and industrious life: was a strict churchman, having connected himself with the Free- Will Baptists a number of years ago. He passed away in peace at his residence. September 11, 1877. HENRY F. FARR. born at Parish, Oneida Co., N. Y., December 30, IS 11), came with his parents from Livingston County, N. Y., to Chesterfield in 1S33. Mr. Farr re- ceived the education which the early schools of the East, as well as of Macomb County, offered. When leaving New York, his father had $600. together with his personal prop ■ erty; the Western trip cost at least $100; the 160 acres which his father located cost |350: a cow and yoke of oxen, with provisions, etc. , almost swallowed up the balance of the cash capital: the childi-en, as well as the parents, exerted themselves to be equal to the occa- sion, and succeeded in their battle with the wilderness. Mr. Farr remembers attending as manv as sis logging bees and one raising in one week. He married Miss Julia Ann demons, of Livingston County, N. Y.. September 2S, 1843: has had foiu- childi-eu— Will iam Farr, born in August, 1844; and Merrit S., bom in September, 1850. He takes a deep interest in educational affairs, holding the offices of Director and Moderator for a number of years; at the period of his settlement, red deer were so plenty that he could kill them at pleasiu'e. GEORGE M. FULLER, son of Solomon Fuller, of Vermont, and Eunice Gay, the first woman who rode in a wagon in the Oak Hill neighborhood. New York, was born in Castile Township, Wyoming Co.. N. Y., January 23, 1S24. George M. came with his parents to Columbus," St. Clair County, in the fall of 1845: in 1846, he piu'chased thirty- six acres of land in Richmond Township, Macomb: this farm he cultivated, making his home at his father" s house, in St. Clair County. In 184S, he returned to New York. where he married Miss Elizabeth Brainard and resided until 1852. when he retm-ned to Macomb. In 1861, he had 176 acres, which he sold, pm-chasing 160 acres— the Zara Granger fann, on Section lit; he owns 280 acres at present, on Sections 11>. 211 and 30; is a successful agriculturist and stock-raiser. His children are Frank A., Albert P., Eva A., Ella E., Elmer G.. Estella M., Mary E. and Etta. The two oldest are man-ied. Mr. Fuller was County Drain Commissioner for one term; he is a member of Patrons of Hus- bandry, and of the M. E. Chiu-ch. SAMUEL GOODSELL, M. D., born in Mobile, Ala.. July S, 1828, came here with P^ ^1 HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. liis parents; be received a common-school education, and afterward went to Cle\oland College for two years. In 1N7'2 he went to Detroit and gi'aduated from the Homceopathic Institute; returning, he commenced the practice of medicine. The Doctor was married to Miss Alma Bacon, who was born October 6, 1S82, in St. Lawrence County, N. Y., town of Pottsdam; the ceremony took place at RocHfester, Mich., in 1S54; they have three chil- dren— Lois Ada, born February I, ISIJ'i; Alletta (}., December S, lSfi4: Lowell G. . April 17, 1869. JOEL HART, P. O. Milton, born in Livingston County, N. Y., October 2, 1S27; set- tled in this county with his parents in 1882; he is the son of James Hart, a well-known old resident of Chesterheld, who died in 1S57 (referred to in the chapters of the general history). Joel Hart was married to Rosetta M. Rice in 1858; six years later, this lady died. Iq ISOO, he married Miss Louisa Camtield; two children, now settled comfortably in life, resulted from the first marriage, and one born from the second, a lady of fifteen summers, is now living with her parents. A reference to the organic hist(jry of this town- ship, and to the political history of the county, will show the piiblie offices to which Mr. Hart was elected. PETER C. HART, farmer, born at Paris, Oneida Co.,N. Y., June 15, 1811; went to Annsvilleand lived thereuntil he reached the age of fourteen, when he settled in Livings- ton County, N. Y., and remained there for about two years; he labored on the Erie Canal for seven years, and, in 1N84, came to this county, took up land and became an actual settler. He was married, May 7, 1885, to Miss Eliza Ann Leonard, of Phelps Township, Ontario Co., N. Y. . born March 28, 1814, by whom he has three childi-en. PUTMAN HART, born in Anusville, Oneida Co.,N. Y., in 1820. received a common- school education and came here with parents in June, 1832; this part of Michigan was then wild — no schools nearer than Cady's settlement. Mr. Hart takes an active interest in politics and education; married Miss Louisa Crawford, of Ray Township, in December, 1N42; has had one son and four daughters, of whom four are married. HON. GILBERT HATHEWAY was born in Plymouth County. Mass., in 1812. He married Miss Abigail D. Hammatt, of Nantucket; foiu- children were born to them — three sous and one daughter. He came to Michigan in 184(3, but did not reside here until some time after, and may be said to have inaugurated those important commercial concerns referred to in the sketch of his son, J. S. P. Hatheway. During his early life in Massa- chusetts, he was well known in the military circles of the State, and bore the commission and rank of militia Colonel. His life in Macomb County was characterii^ed by deeds of charity and benevolence. His death, which took place October 26, 1871, drew forth from the people unmistakable evidences of sorrow. What interest this citizen took in educa- tional matters is best told by the fact that he bequeathed a sum of $15,(^00 to the village of New Baltimore for the purpose of erecting a school building to be known as the Hathe- way Institute. JAMES S. P. HATHEWAY, son of the late Hon. Gilbert Hatheway, was born Au- gust 15, 1S84, near New Bedford, Mass., about twenty miles from Plymouth Rock. In- dian nomenclature gave the title Sippican (subsequently changed to Marion) to the village in which stands the old Hatheway homestead. Mi'. Hatheway settled in New Baltimore, Mich., in 1S58, and engaged at once in those important business enterprises which have aided so much in the building up of the village. He married Miss E. L. Sampson, of Lakevillo, Plymouth Co., Mass., August 15, 185U. a lineal descendant of Miles Standish, of Puritanical fame; they were the parents of one child, named Mabel Gilbert, who died March 24, ]S81, having been married three months to Mr. Orin Dunham, of Paw Paw, Mich. Up to 1874, Mr. Hatheway enjoyed good health; during that year, a rheumatic attack confined him to his house, since which time he has been an invalid; he is the eldest son of the late Hon. Gilbert Hathewaj, and, ou the death of that pioneer of New Balti- more, in ISTI. found it necessary to take charge of the business interests established by his father there. The greater portion of New Baltimore belongs to the Hatheway estate. This was well illustrated some few years ago. when a circus agent visited the village to Ijrejjare the way for his company, he wished to select an eligible site. and. coming to a corner- lot. asked his guide, " To whom does this property belong? "' "Mi-. Hatheway," was the rasponse. The same question was asked about several other places, and drew forth a similar response. At length the agent exclaimed. " Where does this man live, and does he own the whole town ? " D. ]VnLO HEATH, son of Anth'ew J. Heath, of Livingston County. N. Y. . was born in Livingston County April '2.'2.. 1.S44: he came with family to Almont. Lape«r Co.. in ISoD, and settled at New Baltimore. Macomb Co., in 1 S53. He learned the harness maker's trade when a boy. and has been engaged in that business since 1863. He was married, in 1866, to Miss Elizabeth L. Donehue, to whom foiu- children were born, thi-ee of whom are living — Robert A., Percy C. and Oakes L. Mrs. Heath died in 1S76. In April, ISSO, he married Miss Alice E. Smith, who is the mother of one child, Eva. Mr. Heath was first Recorder of New Baltimore; is serving fourth term as Justice of the Peace; has been Notary Public for the past sixteen years; Deputy Collector of Customs since 186'.); Postmaster since ISTI I; a member of School Board: of the Knights of Honor, and a favoralily known insurance agent. DAYID HEDGES, born at Northtield. Washington Co., Vt.. April 'IK lS-2(), settled at Mt. Clemens in September. IS-t'i: he moved to New Baltimore subsequently, and built the third house in the village early in 1S4(J; he was the first village blacksmith; has been •Justice of the Peace, and is now Worshipful Master of the Masonic Lodge at New Balti- more. Mr. Hedges was married, in 1 845. to Kate Chandler, by whom he had six chil- dren, two of whom are living and foiu- dead. JOHN HERRIMAN. farmer in Chesterfield, Macomb Co.. Mich., son of Joseph Her- riman. Sr., born in Phelps, Ontario Co.. N. Y. . January lo. ISO."), where he i-eceived a common-school education; left Phelps. February 10. 1831. with his father, brother Joseph and brother-in-law John, Mr. Lusk, for Michigan Territory, with a sleigh and span of horses; they were three days getting to Buffalo: came through Canada to the head of Detroit River; when one day's drive from Buffalo, one horse became lame (stifled); left the horse and brother Joseph and the rest of the party came on to Detroit; while passing down De- troit River on the ice, on the Canada shore, at Windsor, the ice broke under them and the horse and sleigh went down: the men jumped on to solid ice, caught the horse and held him up till help came and pulled him out. After caring for the horse they hired a man to pilot them across the river, the ice being very thin; stayed in Detroit two days, making inquiries about the country, etc. Detroit was then a very small village; then went to Royal Oak, then north to Rochester and then to Romeo and then a few miles east of Romeo, and. after satisfj-ing themselves here, returned to Detroit, and was recommended to land on the L'nited States Gratiot road, north of Mt. Clemens, where they soon purchased land, six miles north of Mt. Clemens; then, after getting the County Siu-veyor from two miles north of Romeo and surveying out the lands, commenced building their shanty (snow ten inches deep); got the body up the first day. piled brush on the inside, spread their bedding on it and a sheet overhead for a roof and took their first night's lodging there, 14th of March: next day. got on a shake roof and split timber and laid a floor; then John and his brother in-law built a log hj.ise cjve.-jd wi -h shakes (long oak shingles), having only ten men to help raise Ihe houses: all the men there were then living within three or fom- miles of each other; then John and his father took a sail ves.sel for Buffalo, and went back to Phelps after their families, and retiu-ned to Michigan in June following, and thus began their 'Fie HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. pioneering life in Michigan Territo' y. Joseph Herriman and his nine children all settled in Michigan; his wife died in IS-'iO and he in 18()3; Joseph. Jr., stayed in Canada eight or ten days with the lame horse: then traded it oflf and came on to Michigan. Mr. John Herriman was married to Miss Matilda Kirkham. December 20. iSliU; they have raised six children, one son and five daughters; foiu' of the daughters have died. Mr. J. Her rimau superintended the building of the First M. E. Church, in Chesterfield, in 1869, and the church now stands as a memorial of his last work. He has been very poorly in health for several years, and several times not expected to live within five years past. REV. THOMAS HOOKER, pastor of Christian Church in Hertfordshire, England, wa« born in ir)S(i, came to the American colonies in 163".Z and died July (. Ifi47; his only son. Rev. Samuel Hooker, died at Farmington, Conn. . leaving ten children. John Hooker, son of Samuel, father of Hezekiah Hooker, who was the first son of John Hooker and father of James Hooker, was the grandfather of Cortez P. Hooker, who settled in Clinton Township, Macomb County, in 1837. Cortez P. Hooker was born at Hampton. Washington Co., N. Y. . in 1814; on coming to this district of Michigan, in 1837, he lo- cated lands in Clinton Township, where he remained three years; he next piu'chased a wild farm in Washington Township, where he has lived for ten years. He was married. in 184"2, and moved to Ashley, now New Baltimore, in 18-")!. Mr. Hooker carried the first mails from the tavern at the Gratiot Road Crossing for a terra of one year, until T. M. Crocker was appointed Postmaster, who retained the position for three years, when he was elected District Attorney and moved to Mt. Clemens. A reference to the political chapter will show the popular vote which sent Mr. Hooker to the Legislature in 1849, and to the Senate in 18.")"). He was one of the leading merchants of the town, for about four years, but for the last eighteen years has devoted his entire attention to agi-icultm-e, being one of the most extensive, if not the most extensive, farmer in the county. WILLIAM C. JONES, farmer and present Supervisor of the township of Chesterfield, was born at Manchester. Ontario Co.. N. Y. , July 30. IH'I'l. and came to Michigan with his parents in the year 1831. and settled in Novi, Oakland Coimty, then a wilderness; he there saw the hardships of a pioneer life. W. C. moved to Detroit in 1848, and engaged in the mercantile business. On the 18th of January. 1852, he was married to Miss Olive S. Brown, of Coldwater. Branch Co., Mich.; he moved from Detroit, in April, 1859, to Chesterfield, his present home; he now holds the office of Justice of the Peace in his second term; his father. Samiiel Jones, was born in Dutchess Co., N. Y., January 20, 1789; he moved to Ontario Co., N. Y. , when a boy. He was married to Miss Barbary Hill, of Ontario Co.. N. Y.. her birthplace; she was born August 24. 1795, and is now living. She was the mother of eleven children, seven boys and four girls: seven boys and two girls are now living, all over fifty years of age. SIDNEY A. KNIGHT was born in Chesterfield Township in 1S47; he received the liberal education which the school of the township ofi"ors, aud now follows the profession of book-keeper and mercantile clerk. He was married to Miss E. J. Evans. April 5, 1870. Mr. Knight has been Town Treasm-er for some time; is S. W. of Lake St. Clair Lodge, No. 82. F. A. M. . and an earnest worker in all matters affecting the township's well being. FREDERICK KRIMEL was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, August 19, 1841; set- tled in Detroit in 1871, and came to New Baltimore in 1874; he was married, in Ger- many, to Miss Rossa Kallar, in 18(i9; they are the parents of five boys and one girl. Im- mediatelv after settlement at New Baltimore, he opened a hotel, which he now conducts. ABRAM LEONARDSON (deceased), born in Montgomery County, N. Y., March 12, lN2r). was the son of Abram. of the same State. Mr. L. came with his mother to this county in October, 1843, and located lands in Chesterfield, where he lived until his de- cease, January 23, 1878. He was married. May 28, 1852, to Miss Julia, daughter of i. i>t^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Richai-d Hedges; she was bom in Vermont and was visiting her brother in this county at date of marriage; they were the parents of four children — Clara. Jay, John and An- nie; Clara is the wife of M. S. Farr, residing at Lincoln, Neb. Mr. L. has been a mem- ber of the Christian Church for several years and resides on the homestead. Section o, Chesterfield. JAMES LEONARDSON. son of Abram, of New York, was Isorn in Montgomery County, N. Y., January "29. 1818; he settled near Maumee, Ohio, in the fall of 1848. and located lands on Section 8, Chesterfield, in 1845, where he still resides; he took charge of a farm when seventeen years ot age, and has piu-sued agi-iculture since that time. He was married, in February, 1843. to Miss Eleanor Meagley, of Montgomery County, N. Y., to whom eight children were born, seven of whom are living — Abram and Francis (twins), Elizabeth, Jane, Ella, Etta and Alice, all of whom are married except the last named. Mr. L. was Commissioner of Highways for four years. Notary Public for two years and School Director for three years; is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry and of the Clinton Church at Romeo. F. C. LOSH, proprietor of the Grand Pacific House at New Baltimore, was born in Chesterfield September 3. 185fi; he married Miss Emma Springborn, who was born at Fair Haven, October "25, IS.jT. The hotel which he proposes opening next summer will be a great addition to the village, and doubtless will reward the enterprise of the owner, since it will offer to many an inducement to visit the beautifully located village. CHARLES MEIYERS was born in Germany October 14,/l8.")4; he came direct from his German home to Macomb C/Ounty, and. taking a position as mill hand in the Perkins & Son Mill, entered upon that course of earn st labor and industry, which resulted in en- abling him to carr}' on that manufactui'ing concern successfully. He married Miss Losh in 1871; they have two children, a boy, aged four years, and a girl, aged two years. Mr. Meiyers is the owner of the New Baltimore livery, which is a first-class concern in every resjject. FREDERICK MILLER, butcher and packer, was born at Wiu-temberg, Germany, in 1830; came to Philadelphia in 18")3, where he remained until 18l)4, when he located at New Baltimore. He married Miss Louisa Sulcir, of Philadelphia, in 1855; since coming to this village, his trade has made steady progress. In aLlditiou to the regular' village trade, he packs about eighty barrels annually for the lake trade. JOHN MILTON, P. O. Milton, born in Somersetshire, England, March 29, 1817; lo- cated in Chesterfield in June, 1841; he entered the wilderness with a cash capital of $H(), determined to carve out for himself the respectable f(n-tiine which rewarded his labars. Mr. M. married Miss Loretta Bm-gess, of this township, in 1849, to whom were born fom- children, one son and three daughters. William Milton, born December 1, 1785, in Som- ersetshire, England, came to this country in June, 1855, and lived with his son until his death, August 15, 1870, in tlie eighty-sixth year of his age. Mi-s. Milton, Sr., born January 10, 1786, died in her ninety-second year, March 25, 1877. John Milton, the subject of this sketch, filled the office of Supervisor from 1802 to 1876, with two exceptions, when he retired from the circle of local politics. JOSEPH MILTON (deceased) was born in Somersetshire, England, October 2, 1810; emigrated with his brother and landed August 2, 1832, and settled on a Government grant of eighty acres; he only had one English farthing in money, when he lauded, but, with a brave heart and strong arm, he began to carve out his fortune in the wilds of Michigan. In order to get" a living while clearing his land, he worked ac his trade in Mt. Clemens, as ship carpenter in summer, and in winter cleared his land; being a large man and having a strong constitution, he succeeded; he labored on the Gratiot Turnpike and the Grand Trunk Railroad when they were in course of construction. He married Miss Spiddy J. l\±. HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Hei-riman, of Wayne Co., N. Y., June 7. 183'); she was born May 8. 1817. oVIr. M. re- ceived a common-school education in England and was adapted to most any position in rural districts; was Commissioner of Highways for several terms, and School Director; the latter has always been his pi-ide; he took an active interest in politics, being a stanch Democrat, and when he passed away every one who knew him lamented his loss; the min ister who fficiated at his funeral said: "Never has it been my privilege to see such a tri- um))liant death as was his; he was one of the happiest of men; the last word to his family was "It is all satisfactory.' " His funeral was the largest one ever known in this district; the funeral services were conducted by Rev. John Armstrong. The names and ages of his family are as follows: Ford Lee Milton, born April 11. 1830; Obed Arnold. September L'4, 1837; Charlotte Ann. February 13, 1839: Gaylord Donaldson, December 2, 1849; Mirthy Treasure, April 29. 18„oint..d to -P"', »»»3 " S H T" " Sh,i;;intdT.\Scl,7-.X-^S;S5:'.™^^^^^^^ iedge o'f Mt Clemls "nd George W. Phillips, of Romeo. Execuhve Committee; John C. Ctdy was designated as singing master. Andriis" paper G H. Cannon, in the necessary absence of the autlio. }''^'l Jf', The C inton on me Clinton Canal and Shelby Railroad. This paper we b-efly sketch The Clmton Canal and Shelby Raih-oad were two of the many re^^^^^^^^^^ fever of speculation that infatuated the pe^Ue of Mich ganm^^^^ ^.^.^^.^^^ 1833 to 1840. The State ^v.s ^P-^ ^^t ^tcon t i^ stimulated connections was strongly felt. 1 tie succeshiui con j- qj^j^^.^^. to the Michigan to alike endeavor and a cana from the Chnt^^^ !-r;erypre:^s.=^Er^^^^^^^^^^ rh::.r.?nsrBrrors:i.^iSfofS^^^^^^^ in charglthe canal work and a survey was ^f f/7,f ., ^^^^^{"^V^^fe ^i'l^est hopes were arous- greatexxitementamongthoselocanymterestednthec^n^^ Id among the sturdy P-^^rs of Macomb Co^^^^^ ,^ the year there were changes ^'^ ^^^^Xfrlwe'iron" those interested in the work at one ^n^mS;^I^:r:^^^HS.rtSt:trlt^^^^^^ across the Clin- ^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. 'iL, ton to supply the locks, and. in lH-i5. boats were running from Utica to Frederick. In that year, the revenue to the State from canal tolls was $46. UO; year following, it was $43.44; in 11S47. the income was less yet, and, in 1S4S, the canal was in disuse. At that time the bottom fell out of the vast scheme of improvements inaugurated by the State, and work stopped on the canal as it did on the other works. The effect of the bankruptcy of the State, for such it was, virtually, on the Clinton & Kalamazoo Canal was demoralizing in the extreme. The locks were pillaged and bm-ned. the iron stolen, and, in 1850, hardly one stone remained upon another. Such was the igaominious end of an enterprise that was to span a great State and join the waters of Lake Michigan and St. Clair. Traces of the canal are still plainly discernible along its route and at Utica it has been kept in good repair and is now utilized as a water-power. The companion project of the canal, the Shelby Railroad, was begun about the same time, and likewise came to naught. Just before the expiration of its charter, wooden rails were laid down, and a hastily contrived car. drawn by horse-power to Detroit. Only one trip was made, but this was sufficient to preserve the charter, and, some years after- ward, when the Detroit & Bay City was constructed, the old road-bed came into service here and there. Excellent singing by the choir reminded President Cady of some happy reminis- cences, which he related with zest. LewM. Millei". of Lansing, read a paper on the Early Banks and Bankers of Macomb County. This paper reminded President Cady that he was a stockholder in the Bank of Macomb County, and didn't lose a cent by it, either, as he hastily sold out. S. H. Ewell, of Komeo. said that he had been held accountable for the failure of the Utica Bank, to which IVIr. Miller made reference, as one day he presented $1.0 in bills for redemption, and it cleaned out the institution. They never redeemed a bill after that. The choir sang again, and this called to the mind of President Cady the fact that some fifty years ago. the Board of Supervisors of Macomb County, then embracing a large part of Eastern Michigan, held its first meeting in Mt. Clemens. The boai'd was com- posed of six members and met in a store belonging to Mr. Cady, just north of the court house, where Dahm's new block now stands. The board voted to have some whisky, got drunk, stayed up all night and adjourned the next morning without paying for the drink! A temperance sentiment existed among a certain class of people, who would drink nothing but cider, so he mixed five gallons of cider with five gallons of whisky, and it was high fun to see the temperance folks boozy on Cady's cider. George H. Cannon read a paper on the life of Judge Burt, who died in 1858, one of the most remarkable men of the early Northwest. President Cady was reminded of a"n election argument that was used against Burt when he ran for the Legislature. The Judge had a new suit of clothes and was so careful of it that he never sat down without putting a piece of clean paper on the chair. Mr. Cady said the argument!!) was used with no in- considerable efl'ect. Orrin Freeman, of Romeo, told tales of pioneer life, and put in a good word for Freeman's great excursions to the West. Representative Pai'ker was called upon and addressed the meeting briefly. Mr. Parker dwelt especially upon the history of Chesterfield, and among many facts stated that the first land located in Chesterfield was on the site of the village of New Balti- more, in 1808, being private claim 848. taken up by Pierre Yacques. Mr. Parker was proud of the fine progress of Chesterfield Township and of it , people. After the singing of "' Northfield."' in j'e old-fashioned way, the pioneers proceeded to elect Vice Presidents, who were selected as follows: Romeo — S. H. Ewell. Armada — Hiram Barrows. Mt. Clemens — N. L. Miller. Utica — James Alexander. Richmond — David Flagler. Washington — Loren Andrus. ^ The new Executive Committee was authorized to settle with the Treasurer, and, after electing several honorary members, among them John Martin, of Oakland County, and L. M. Miller, of Lansing, adjournment was taken until evening. The evening session began at 8 o'clock, and was devoted wholly to singing and rem- iniscences of Macomb County's early singers. S. H. Ewell, of Romeo, figured promi- nently in the entertainment, and read a paper, in which he mentioned many of the pio- neer singers. Horace H. Cady followed with an interesting recital of musical experiences forty and fifty years ago. Mr. Cady was then chief fugleman among the singers and came to the fr-'Ut on all public occasions. He sang a Fench song with amusing eflect. S. H. Davis, of Romeo, sang several old songs to the great delight of the audience, and Secre^ tary Day made a few remarks. This last meeting of the pioneers of Macomb adjourned to meet again at Utica. ~ E.\BLY BANKS AND BANKERS OF MACOMB COUNTY. The following paper on the above-named subject was prepared by Lew M. Miller, of Lansing, and read before the pioneers of Macomb, June 13, 1882. So far as can be at present ascertained, the first attempt to organize a bank in Ma- comb County was made in the yeai- 1834. At that time this county was one of the mosc thickly settled in the Territory, having within tue same boundaries as at present a popula- tion of more than 6, 000. The center of that population was here at Mt. Clemens, then an ambitious little settlement, and one of the most important points in the Territory. In common with the rest of Michigan, this village suffered great inconvenience from the scarcity of currency. Business was hindered. "'The butcher, the baker and the candle- stick-maker " had to barter and trust in many of their commercial transactions. Great enterprises were checked, and all the possibilities of the country were lying undeveloped. Such a state of affairs could not be otherwise than irritating to those who had cast their lots in this community. A conference of public-spirited citizens was held and a commit- tee appointed to di'aw up a memorial to the Legislative Council. Who were most promi- nent in this movement and who composed the committee, we now have no means of knowing; but their memorial was duly presented to the Council by John Stockton, then a member from Macomb and St. Clair Counties, on January 20, 1834. It is mentioned in the journal as "a memorial from a committee of citizens of Macomb County, praying for the passage of a law to establish a bank at the village of Mt. Clemens.'" Similar, though less formal, action was taken at about the same time by citizens of Shelby and the eastern part of Oakland County. They forwarded to the Council two pe- titions, numerously signed, "' praying that a charter might be granted to a, bank to be called the Clinton River Bank, and to be located in the town of Shelby, county of Ma- comb.'' One of the petitions was presented by Elon Farusworth, of Wayne County, on January 21. and the other, on February 4, by Charles C. Hascall. of Oakland County. The memorial from Mt. Clemens and the two petitions from Shelby were referred to the Committee on Incorporations. ■ It did not seem expedient, however, to a majority of that committee, from the facts set forth in the memorial aal petitions, to graut any charters, at that time, to any banking institutions in Macomb County. The committee, therefcii'e, recommended that the prayer of the petitioners be not granted, and the recommendation was concurred in. The reasons which led the majority to this conclusion are not set forth in the report of the committee. The whole matter is dispatched with the usual brevity of early Legisla- tive journals. To us there may seem something curt in this refusal to gi-ant a request to which Gen. Stockton and his constituents were so much concerned. Yet who can now question the soundness of the committee's conclusions t One of the majority was Elon Farnsworth, to whose opinions as Chancellor and Attorney General the State of Michigan ihL, was afterward wont to listen with attention and respect. Before be concluded that the proposed action was inexpedient, he had doubtless considered well the subject: and it is interesting to note that his conclusions at that time were trulj' prophetic. Befori; many years, it became his duty, as Chancellor, to allow writs of injunction against the only two Macomb County banks under the old regime that ever rose to the dignity of an injunction. Nothing daunted by his first repulse, Mr. Stockton at once gave notice that "' on a future day, he would ask leave to introduce a bill to establish the Macomb County Bank, with a capital of .1200,000." Upon his motion, the conem-rence in the committee's report was reconsidered, and the report tabled. Having thus cleared his way. he introduced ■'A bill to incorporate the Bank of Macomb County," which passed safely through the various stages, until it reached the order of third reading. There it stop])ed, having re- ceived but five ayes to eight nays on the question of its passage. The next day. on motion of Mr. Hascall. this vote was reconsidered, and the fm'ther consideration of the bill post- poned until the next session of the Council. Of the provisions of Mr. Stockton's bill, we have no knowledge. Merely the title ap- pears in the journal, together with an incidental mention of $200,000 capital stock. It is probable, however, that its essential features were not very different from those of other charters granted to banking institutions in those days. Nothing more was heard of the " Clinton River Bank, to be located in the town of Shelby, county of Macomb." Its light had gone out in utter darkness. Mr. Stockton made no fiu-ther attempt to organize a bank during either of the special sessions of 1834. nor did he broach the subject at the regular session of 1835. Mean while, measiu'es were well under way for the organization of a State government. Dur- ing May and June, a convention had met and framed a constitution, and that document was ready for submission to the people. In the interim. Gov. Mason convened the Legis- lative Council in special session. It assembled on August 17 and adjourned August 25. Diu'ing this nine days' session, just when the Territory was merging into a State, was passed an act. destined to till an important chapter in the histoiy of Macomb County. It was entitled " An act to incorporate the Macomb & Saginaw Raih'oad Company, and for other purposes." It was not the '" railroad company," but the "other purposes" that made the act conspicuous. The 2)rincipal one of the •"other purposes" was the granting of authority to the stockholders of the railroad company to establish a bank at Mt. Clem- ens, under the corporate name of '' The President, Directors and Comj^any of the Bank of Macomb County." Gen. Stockton secured the enactment of that law. Whether he re- vived and remodeled his old bill or began anew, it is now impossible to determine. The journal of that session, might, perhaps, inform us; but that journal has long been a miss- ing book, and it is even doubtful whether there is a copy still in existence. So we have but tradition and conjecture to guide tis. Strange as it may now seem to us, the combination of a railroad and a bank was no new proposition, when made by Mr. Stockton. The same Legislative Council, to which he now proposed it, had already, twice before, been guilty of encouraging that kind of miscegenation. During the regular session of 1835, the Erie & Kalamazoo Railroad Com- pany and the Detroit & Pontiac Railroad Company had been authorized by amendments to their charters, to establish each a bank; and it is significant to note that the first part of Mr. Stockton's bill was modeled after the original charters of those two railroad com- panies, and the second part after the amendments. Hence, Mr. Stockton coiild point to two irresistible precedents for the passage of his bill. Furthermore, as railroad projects were then quite popular, he may have shrewdly incorporated one in his bill to help his bank scheme through. Whatever may have been the means adopted, the fact remains that he succeeded in removing enough of the opposition to his project to secure the passage of HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. his bill: and it would be iuterestnig to know whether Elon Farnsworth was finally won over to a support of the bill, or whether he persisted in his doubt of the expediency of granting charters to any banking institutions in Macomb County. The bill became a law August 24, 1835. By its provisions. Christian Clemens, John S. Axford, Neil Gray. Azariah Prentiss, James Brown, Rodney O. Cooley and Lan- sing B. Mizner were appointed Commissioners to open books and receive subscriptions to the capital stock of the railroad company, which was to be $1,000,000, divided into shares of $50 each. When 1,000 shares were taken, the subscribers were to become a body cor- porate, by the name of the "Macomb & Saginaw Railroad Company." A single or double railroad, to be located by Israel Curtis. Jacob Tucker and Charles C. Hascall, was to be constructed from Mt. Clemens to Lapeer, and thence to the seat of justice of Saginaw County. Nine Directors were to be chosen annually, on the first Monday of October, and a President from among the Directors or stockholders. Section 21 confers upon the stockholders of the railroad comjiany the authority to es- tablish a bank at Mt. Clemens, with a capital stock of $100,000, divided into shares of $50 each. The banking eoriwration was to be known as "The President, Directors and Company of the Bank of Macomb County." and its affairs were to be managed by the President and Directors of the railroad company. Bills might be issued in denominations not less than $1, payable on demand at the company's banking house, within usual busi- ness hoMS, in the legal money of the United States. Upon failure so to redeem its bills, the corporation was liable to be dissolved, subject, however, to the provisions of the act relative to banks, approved April 23, 1S33, which allowed a limit of sixty days, within which to make payment. Before bills were istued, the entire stock of the railroad com- pany was to be conveyed to the bank as security for their redemption, and the Directors were to give collateral security to the Territory for such redemption until ten miles of railroad had been completed. Unless forfeited sooner, the charter was to remain in force forty years. Many other jirovisions, limitations and restrictions, which it is imnecessary to enumerate here, are incorj)orated in the charter. The bank was not put into operation for more than a year after the charter was obtained. The majority of the stock appears to have been originally subscribed for by (ien. Stockton. Among the original subscribers appear also the names of Christian Clemens, Buel Ambrose, H. H. Farley & Co. , James Brown, S. F. Atwood, Aaron Whitney, Jr., R. Steward, C. S. Mather, Rodney O. Cooley, De Garmo Jones, of Detroit. Enoch Jones, Edward Brooks, Ebenezer Hall. Isaac J. Grovier, A. B. Rawles, Jacob Beekman, E. G. Pratt, George l^ee, Jr.. William Cantield, Mrs. E. R. Hawkins, Miss Louisa Clemens (youngest daughter of Judge Clemens and afterward wife of Col. Henry D. Terry). Daniel Chandler, James Wilfiams, William Roy. William Vandervoort, of Tonawanda, N. Y., James Brown and Israel F. Hatch and Lucius H Pratt, of Bufi'alo. N. Y. If there were other original sub- scribers, their names are lost, for the original subscription book disappeared very early in the history of the bank. It was destroyed for reasons best known to those who destroyed it. The following persons became stockholders at an eai-ly date by subsequent j)urchase: Aaron Weeks, James Sweeney, Cornelius O'Flynn. Charles A. Emerson, Dodge & Kibbee, Lewis Godai-d, Creorge B. Martin, Richai-d Butler, R. Anderson, James C. Allen, Stephen White, of Boston, Daniel F. Webster, of Peru. III., Cai-oline Webster, Lam-a Weeks, Mary Stockton. John Norton, Jr., J. H. Lathrop and S. F. Pratt, of Buffalo. In October, 1836, the following Board of Directors was cho.sen: Christian Clemens. Rodney O. Cooley, William Canfield, C. S. Mather. Enoch Jones, Edward Brooks, Daniel F. Webster, Aaron Weeks and Isaac J. Grovier. John Stockton was elected President. By the 1st of February, two installments of stock, of 10 per cent, each, had been paid m, and the bank was about to begin operations. Charles A. Emerson was then made Cashier, ^-^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY, and bills were executed for the first time, bearing the signatures of John Stockton, Presi- dent, and Charles A. Emerson. Cashier. The first business transaction of the bank was of a decidedly jieculiai' nature. It dates by com'tesy on Saturday, February 11, 1N37, but was in reality executed on Sunday, the r2th. William Vandervoort and Lucius H. Pratt, who then owned a controlling in terest in the stock, also stockholders, took each $10,000 of the newly signed bills, leavi ng notes of $10,000 each in place of them. They also took an additional $20,000, without leaving any evidence of indebtedness, to create a credit for the Macomb County Bank with the Commercial Bank oi Buffalo, as they said. With this sum of $40,000, they left the country on the Sabbath, and a knowledge of the transaction was for a long time kept from a majority of the Directors. When it became known, it created much dissatisfaction, and from that date the hard feelings and mutual recriminations which characterize the history of the bank, date. Christian Clemens, Ebenezer Hall, Isaac J. Crrovier and William Caufield speak of this transaction and others with much indignation. Besides the regular issue of bills, another was contemplated somewhat later, but not effected. William Vandervoort caused to be engraved for the bank a plate of bills pay- able at Tonowanda, N. Y. Impressions were taken and a few brought to Mt. Clemens, but none were ever signed. We have now reached the period of WILD-CAT BANKS, a few of which made their appearance in this bounty. This term is applicable to those banks only which were organized under the general banking law of 1837. Hence, al- though closelj' allied thereto, the Macomb County Bank was not of that species. When the Legislature of 1837 convened, the whole State was wild on the subject of banking. Petitions for the organization of banks came from nearly every hamlet and foui-- corner settlement of the State. Among them were two from citizens of Macomb County for a bank to be located at Romeo, presented in the house by Linus S. Gilbert. The Legislature finally passed a general law for the organization of banking associations, which was approved March 1-3. This act passed almost without opposition. Only foiu' Repre- sentatives voted against it, one of whom was Isaac Monfort, of Macomb County. Under this act were organized the tamous " wild-cat" banks. THE BANK OF UTICA was the tu-st one organized in this county under the general law. The petition to the Clerk and Treasurer of the county bears date at Shelby, May 13, 183 <, and prays for the organization of a bank, with a capital of $50,000. It is signed by Jacob Summers, Payne K. Leech, Jr.. Asquire W. Aldrich, Benjamin L. Watkins. L. T. Jenney, Samuel Ladd, A. G. Deshon, Giu-don C. Leech, Orson Sheldon, L. D. Owen, John James, James Covel, Jr., and Joseph Lester. On the 22d, notice was given by Rodney O. Cooley, Treasm-er, and Amos Dalby, Clerk, that books would be opened at Utica, on Monday, June 2(), and kept open for four days, for subscription to the capital stock. Coi)ies of the notice were posted in twelve of the most public places in the county by Abraham Freeland, then Sheriff. On June 7, John James was ai)pointed temporary Treasurer to receive the th'st installments on subscriptions, giving a bond to the Clerk and Treasurer, conditioned to pay over to the Cashier, when appointed, on the order of the Directors, when elected, the amount paid to him, or to retm-n the same to the subscribers, if the organization of the bank should not be completed. The sureties on this bond were Gurdon C. Leech, Lyman T. Jenney, Orson Sheldon and Payne K. Leech, Jr. On August 31, the newly elected Directors, Jacob Summers, Orson Sheldon, Gurdon C. Leech, Payne K. Leech, Jr., s^ HISTORY OF MACOMB COUNTY. Ephraim Calkins. Daniel W. Philips. William A, Davis. George Hanscom and -John James, with A. Freeland and Joseph Lester as sureties, in presence of Walter Porter and William Abernathy as witnesses, entered into bonds to the Auditor General, in the penal sum of $12ri.000. conditioned for the punctual payment of all debts, notes, liabilities and obligations, as required by law. The next day. a du[)licate was filed with the County Clerk, and then a certificate, issued by the Clerk and Treasurer, was tiled in the office of the Secretary of State, showing the due organization of the Bank of Utica. with a capital stock of .¥5(1. ()(»(». Jacob Summers was elected the first President, and John James appointed Cashier. At some subsequent election. Giu'don C. Leech seems to have been made President. Thus organized, the bank commenced business about September 9. and continued ojierations a little more than a year, when its legal tribulations began. In addition to the Directors named above, the following persons appear as stockholders in the institution: A. G. Fin- den. E. Endres. J. S. Fletcher. Joseph Lester. Sheldon Owen. C. S. Madison, A Keeney. S. Ladd. A. B. Adams. O. Steevens. L. D. Owen and A. Bond. On March 22. the bank paid a semi-annual State tax of $37.50, and contributed to the "safety fund" in the State treasury, for the redemption of its notes, just $'23. 21. The holders of its $14,225 worth of bills 7nust have fetched a long-drawn sigh of genuine relief when they read the State Treasurer's report for 183S. At the close of the year, its affairs were in a sorry condition. Its liabilities were $33,753.04, while its only resources were $2,055.51, in real and personal property, and $31,114 of discounted jiaper, more than $22.0(10 of which was dne from stockholders and Directors. The bank was ut- terly destitiite of specie, or any other ready means for the redemption of its notes. The bank commissioners took immediate steps to wind up the concern. A bill was filed in the Court of Chancery bj- the Attorney General. Chancellor Elon Farnsworth allowed a writ of injunction January 5, 183'.), and the days of usefulness of the Bank of Utica were ended. Its only reason for existence afterward was to play the part of shuttlecock to the legal battledoor. As Chancellor Farnsworth had allowed a similar injunction against the Bank of Macomb County, just 3(')4 days before, he must have indulged in a gi-im smile, as he thought of the inexpediency of granting charters to any banking institutions in Macomb County. Meanwhile, the bank's magnificent " safety fund '" in the State Treasury had shrunk to $3.34, and what finally became of that is uncertain. Like all the rest of the bank's valuables, it probably kept on shrinking to infinity. Peter S. Palmer, of Utica, was appointed Receiver February 4, 184(1; his report, riled in April, shows $8,306.05 liabilities, of which $4,770 was for notes still unredeemed. The resources wei'e only $7,835.5('), of which but $(>,775.32 were considered available. Notes and accounts against citizens of Utica were generally considered good, while notes of other " wild-cat banks " were accounted worthless. The Legislature of 1 842, passed an act to annul the corporate rights of certain banks, among which was the Bank of Utica. Under that act, the Receiver caused an appraisal of assets to be made. April 20, 1842. by James B. Cartter, James Covel, Jr., and C. B. H. Fessenden. This appraisal was signed by P. S. Palmer, Receiver, by J. James and Payne K. Leech, Jr., his agents. The total valuation was $2,4(>2.77. Individual notes were ap- praised at from par down to 50 per cent; Shelby & Detroit Railroad checks at par; the banking house and lot, which cost $2,015, 98, at $80(139, or 40 per cent; bank fiu-nitui-e, from 75 to 34 per cent, a claim against the Deti'oit City Bank at 37i per cent. Then follows a batch of notes, "wild-cat" bills and claims, all thrown together without ap- praisement, too worthless to be considered! The shuttlecock had now lieen banged about by the battledoor, until it was too dilapidated for further use, and the game stopped here. 57 "V ^ 1 HLSTOKY OF MACOMR COUNTY. THE FARMERS BANK OF ROMEO was the next venture. Ou October 30, 1837, a jietitiou was drawn ixp for the organiza- tion of a bank with a capital stock of $•")(),( )0l ), to be located at Romeo and known as the "Farmers' Bank of Romeo." It was signed by Daniel Trombley. Jacob Coddington. George Finch. Martin F. Southwell, Asahel Bailey, Marvil Shaw, Isaac Brabb, James Thorington, Charles F. Suover, Benjamin Crissmau, Abner Smith, Jr., Adam Armstrong, A. B. Cooley, James Harvey, David Phelps, John A. Shaffer, A. B. Ayres. Ebenezer Kit- ridge. A. Prentiss. Orratns Hulett. Rnfus Carjjenter, John S. Axforth and Ephraim Graves. The books were open for subscription on December I'i. in the " old red tavern." The capital stock was all subscribed, the requisite 10 per cent installment being paid on the spot in gold coin, a scarce commodity in those days. John James, of Utiea, was ap- pointed temporary Treasurer, and he gave the usual bond, with G. C. Leech. O. Sheldon, A. B. Cooley. R.'L, Clark. A. B. Rawls, G. Gates, A. B. Ayres, G. Rix and J. AV. Dyar, as sureties, and H. A. Tutner and I. Cummings as witnesses. Directors and a Cashier were chosen, and John W. Dyar was elected President. An order for plates was made on a New York engraver, and in due time the bills were received. They were deposited for safekeeping in the Bank of Utica, but the great collapse came before any of them were signed by the officers of the bank, and all ideas of further business was indefinitely post- jioned. Yet some of the bills got out and went ou their way rejoicing in forged signatm'es. Martin Bnzzell, still living at Romeo, had a $".i bill of that bank presented to him in 1838, while doing business at Natchez. Miss. Not having much confidence in that kind of cur- rency, he refused to take it. Mr. John W. Dyar. still a resident of Ruineo, informs me that the citizens of Romeo really wanted no bank at all; but a number of Penn,sylvania '" wild-cat " schemers had fixed upon that village as the scene of one of their nefarious swindles. In order to anticipate them the more substantial business men of the village organized a bank. and. with the fi'iendly aid of Messrs. James. Leech and Clark, of Utica, subscribed for all the stock. THE CLINTON RIVER BANK came next, and was the second of that name. The lirst, it will be remembered, was to be organized by special charter and located at Shelby. The second was to be of the " wild-cat " species, and located at Mt. Clemens. Its capital stock was to be .$.")(), 000 and book.s were to be opened for subscriptions on January 9, 1838. The petition was dated and filed Novem- ber 1^9. having been signed by C. S. Mather, Frederick Hatch. George Whitney, Porter Kibbee, G. C. Fletcher, E. L. Atkins, P. 8. Fletcher. James B. Van Rensselaer, William Lewis, R. P. Eldredge, H. M. Dodge, James Williams, H J. Higgins and R. F. Eastman. But the crash came like " An envious, sneaking frost. Tliat bites the first-lioi-n infants of the spring." and the Clinton River Bank, No. 2. went to meet its illustrious namesake. There was still another member of this " wildcat" family, which, as Ai-temus Ward would say, was the most "amoosin' little cuss" of the whole litter. The general law having been changed somewhat, as to the mode of organization, a document was drawn up, on the '2C)th of March, 1838, and filed in the office of the Secretary of State four days later, cer- tifying that a banking association had been formed with a capital stock of iif")O,O0O, to be located at the village of Belvidere — " or Belvidere City " — and to be known as THE BANK OF LAKE ST. CLAIR. James L. Conger was its President, A. C. Hatch, D. B. Conger, S. A. Hathaway, C. W. Hussey, S. G. Langdon were its Directors, and A. Wilcox, D. G. Gtu'nsey and Edwai-d r HISTOKY OF MACOMB COUNTY. R. Blackwell were the other stockholders. Bills were elaborately engraved and printed in abnndance. but before they were regularly issued the bank was swamped by hard times and the city by high water. The bills were extensively circulated by the boys of the adjacent country, and in some instances, no doubt, were passed as money upon the igno- rant or unwary. CONCLUSION. Judging the future of the county by the past, and that is the proper criterion to judge by, what can be the limits to the progress that will be made by the genius of the American people of Macomb in the next fifty years? We can only entertain a hope for the foreign element of the jiopulation — a hoj)e that when the next history is proposed, the im- migrants will have reached that state of intelligence which will enable them to conceive the utility of such a work, and incite them to support it, so that they may learn more, and become Americanized. That portion of the population properly termed the American people of Macomb, seem to have made everything in which they engage so satisfactory in results, that the humau mind pauses in the midst of its bwundlessness, and almost seems to say — the whole work is accomplished, and there is nothing left for the inventive genius of the rising generation to do. But much as has been accomplished, the most scientific and constructive minds, those that have accomplished the grandest results in fields of mechanics and inven- tions, realize the fact that they have just made a beginning in the arts and sciences, and that a gi-eat undiscovered world lies beyond >? S r- -s sfv ERRATA. ALEXANDER GRANT. The biography of this gentleuiau should read: His wife was the daughter of Albert and Mary Deshon, instead of "Albert and Julia." The folhjwing biography was received too late for insertion in its proper place: WILLIAM FREDERICK DRAKE, P. O. Utica, son of Hiram and Autha (Wolf) Drake, natives of New York, born in Sterling Town. Macomb Co.. Mich.. October 31. 1(S46; edu- cated in the public school and lived in this county all his life, except three years, from 1867 to 1870. during which time he filled the position of superintending a gang of men at the House of Correction, at Detroit; has followed farming the remainder of his life, and is now farming on Section '21. Shelby Township, Macomb County; entered the army dur- ing the late rebellion at the age of nineteen as private; served six months, when he re- turned home on account of sickne.ss; was married. December '2t>. 1S70. to Adelaide C. Robinson, daughter of Joseph and Ann Brown (Smith), natives of Virginia. J. Brown was one of Gen. Harrison's stafl' officers in the war of 1812, and was Judge of the Court at Shockton, Ohio for two years, previous to June. 1829, at which time he was accidentally killed. Mr. Drake's father removed to Michigan about the year 1840, where he has fol- lowed the occupation of a farmer to this time, and now resides in Sterling Town, Ma- comb Co., Mich, ^ (i LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 0 016 090 718 6